The reshaped economic relations between Russia and Turkey after Western economic sanctions

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653 |a Die Auswirkungen der vom Westen verhängten Wirtschaftssanktionen auf Russland und die Türkei haben direkte Auswirkungen auf das Kräfteverhältnis in der Region und weltweit. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, wie die Wirtschaftssanktionen die Handelsbeziehungen zwischen Russland und der Türkei umgestalteten. Dabei wurden erklärende sequentielle Mischmethoden angewendet. Zum einen wurde das logarithmische Regressionsmodell anhand von Zeitreihendaten für den Zeitraum von 1992 bis 2018 angewandt, zum anderen eine Inhaltsanalyse durchgeführt, die die jährlichen Daten ab 1992 prüfte, sich jedoch hauptsächlich auf den Zeitraum zwischen 2014-2018 konzentrierte. Die Studie bestätigt, dass Wirtschaftssanktionen, die gegen Zielländer verhängt werden, die bereits Handelsbeziehungen unterhalten, den bilateralen Handel zwischen ihnen verstärkt. Die Analyse zeigt ferner, dass sich die Zielländer für eine Diversifizierung ihres Handels entschieden haben, um die Auswirkungen der wirtschaftlic 
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653 |a International Political Economy 
653 |a Leonardo Pataccini 
653 |a Russia-Turkey economic relations 
653 |a economic sanctions 
653 |a explanatory sequential mixed methods 
653 |a trade diversification 
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adam_text TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ................................ 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 7 1.2.1. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS .................................................. 7 1.2.2. CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES ON ECONOMIC SANCTIONS ....................................... 9 1.2.3. BILATERAL TRADE AND DIVERSIFICATION ............................................................... 14 1.2.4. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND BILATERAL TRADE FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ........... 18 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK......................................................... 21 2.1. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY (IPE) AS A FIELD ........................................... 21 2.2. CONTEMPORARY THEORIES OF IPE ....................................................................... 23 2.2.1. NATIONALISM ................................................................................................... 23 2.2.2. LIBERALISM..................................................................................................... 26 2.2.3. MARXISM ....................................................................................................... 28 2.3. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND BILATERAL TRADE IN THE FIELD OF IPE ....................... 29 2.4. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND BILATERAL TRADE IN TERMS OF NATIONALISM AND LIBERALISM ................................................................................................................. 30 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................. 33 3.1. RESEARCH DESIGN & STRATEGY ............................................................................. 34 3.2. CASE SELECTION ..................................................................................................... 36 3.3. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION & DATA ANALYSIS .................................................. 38 3.3.1. QUANTITATIVE METHODS .................................................................................... 38 3.3.2. QUALITATIVE METHODS ...................................................................................... 39 CHAPTER 4: DESCRIPTION OF SANCTIONS AND TRADE RELA TIONS ........ 43 4.1. WESTERN SANCTIONS AGAINST RUSSIA ................................................................... 43 4.2. WESTERN SANCTIONS AGAINST TURKEY .................................................................. 45 4.3. POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY.............................................. 49 IX CHAPTER 5: QUANTITATIVE RESULTSAND ANALYSIS ................................... 53 5.1. QUANTITATIVE RESULTS .......................................................................................... 53 5.2. ANALYSIS OF QUANTITATIVE RESULTS ....................................................................... 58 CHAPTER 6: QUALITATIVE RESULTS & ANALYSIS ........................................... 63 6.1. QUALITATIVE RESULTS ............................................................................................. 63 6.1.1. REVEALED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE (RCA) .................................................... 63 6.1.2. TRADE COMPLEMENTARITY INDEX (TCI) ............................................................ 65 6.1.3. TRADE INTENSITY INDEX (TIL) ............................................................................ 66 6.1.4. EVOLUTION OF RUSSIAN-TURKISH TRADE PARTNERSHIP .......................................... 67 6.2. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 71 6.2.1. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS PROCESS AND OUTCOMES FOR EACH COUNTRY .................... 71 6.2.1. A. PROCESS AND OUTCOMES FOR RUSSIA .......................................................... 71 6.2. 1. B. PROCESS AND OUTCOMES FOR TURKEY ......................................................... 75 6.2. L.C. ASSESSMENT OF SANCTIONS ON RUSSIA AND TURKEY ..................................... 78 6.2.2. BILATERAL TRADE BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY ................................................. 79 6.2.3. TRADE DIVERSIFICATION OF RUSSIA AND TURKEY ................................................... 81 CHAPTER 7: SUMMARY & CONCLUSION .............................................................. 89 LIST OF SOURCES ................................................................................................................ 93 APPENDIX ...................................................................................................................... 107 X List of Sources • Afesorgbor, S. 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adam_txt TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW . 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION. 1 1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 1.2.1. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS . 7 1.2.2. CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES ON ECONOMIC SANCTIONS . 9 1.2.3. BILATERAL TRADE AND DIVERSIFICATION . 14 1.2.4. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND BILATERAL TRADE FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE . 18 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK. 21 2.1. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY (IPE) AS A FIELD . 21 2.2. CONTEMPORARY THEORIES OF IPE . 23 2.2.1. NATIONALISM . 23 2.2.2. LIBERALISM. 26 2.2.3. MARXISM . 28 2.3. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND BILATERAL TRADE IN THE FIELD OF IPE . 29 2.4. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND BILATERAL TRADE IN TERMS OF NATIONALISM AND LIBERALISM . 30 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY . 33 3.1. RESEARCH DESIGN & STRATEGY . 34 3.2. CASE SELECTION . 36 3.3. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION & DATA ANALYSIS . 38 3.3.1. QUANTITATIVE METHODS . 38 3.3.2. QUALITATIVE METHODS . 39 CHAPTER 4: DESCRIPTION OF SANCTIONS AND TRADE RELA TIONS . 43 4.1. WESTERN SANCTIONS AGAINST RUSSIA . 43 4.2. WESTERN SANCTIONS AGAINST TURKEY . 45 4.3. POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY. 49 IX CHAPTER 5: QUANTITATIVE RESULTSAND ANALYSIS . 53 5.1. QUANTITATIVE RESULTS . 53 5.2. ANALYSIS OF QUANTITATIVE RESULTS . 58 CHAPTER 6: QUALITATIVE RESULTS & ANALYSIS . 63 6.1. QUALITATIVE RESULTS . 63 6.1.1. REVEALED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE (RCA) . 63 6.1.2. TRADE COMPLEMENTARITY INDEX (TCI) . 65 6.1.3. TRADE INTENSITY INDEX (TIL) . 66 6.1.4. EVOLUTION OF RUSSIAN-TURKISH TRADE PARTNERSHIP . 67 6.2. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS . 71 6.2.1. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS PROCESS AND OUTCOMES FOR EACH COUNTRY . 71 6.2.1. A. PROCESS AND OUTCOMES FOR RUSSIA . 71 6.2. 1. B. PROCESS AND OUTCOMES FOR TURKEY . 75 6.2. L.C. ASSESSMENT OF SANCTIONS ON RUSSIA AND TURKEY . 78 6.2.2. BILATERAL TRADE BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY . 79 6.2.3. 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(2016, December 16). U.S. Sanctions against Russia: What You Need to Know. Retrieved April 23, 2019, from https://www.csis.org/analvsis/us-sanctions-against-russia-what-vou-need-know • Nincic, M., Wallensteen, P. (1983). Dilemmas of Economic Coercion: Sanctions in World Politics. Praeger, • No: 207,1 August 2018, Press Release Regarding the US Treasury Department's decision to sanction our country (2018). In Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-207_-abd-hazinebakanliginin-ulkemizle-ilgili-olarak-acikladigi-yaptirim-karari-hk_en.en.mfa • O'Brien, R., Williams, M. (2013). Global Political Economy. N.p.: Red Globe Press. • Oatley, T. (2004). International Political Economy: Interests and Institutions in the Global Economy. N.p.: Pearson/Longman. • Oncel, A., Liapina, L. (2018). The effects of Turkish-Russian political relations on bilateral trade balance: Cointegration and causal analysis. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 75(1), 73-94. • Önder, A. S., Yilmazkuday, H. (2016). Trade partner diversification and growth: How trade links matter. Journal ofMacroeconomics. • Osakwe, P. N., Santos-Paulino, A. U., Doğan, B. (2018). Trade dependene, liberalization and exports diversification in developing countries. UNCTAD Research Paper. • Özbay, F. (2011). The Relatios Between Turkey and Russia in the 2000s. Perceptions, 16(3). • Özdal, H, Özertem, H.S., Has, K. Demirtepe, M.T. (2013). Türkiye-Rusya İlişkileri, Rekabetten Çok Yönlü İşbirliğine, UŞAK Yayınları. • Pamuk, H. (2018, August 12). Turkey is a 'target of economic war', Erdoğan says. Retrieved April 13,2019, fromhttps://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-turkev-currencverdogan/erdogan-savs-u-s-wrong-to-threaten-turkev-after-trump-doubles-tariffsidUKKBNlKW08S?il=0 • Pamuk, H. (2018). Turkey eyes Trump protection from any sanctions for Russian defense purchase. In Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us- 101 turkey-security-usa/turkey-eyes-trump-protection-from-any-sanctions-forrussian-defense-purchase-idUSKCN 1 RS 1QY • Parker, R. W. (2000). The problem with scorecards: How (and how not) to measure the cost-effectiveness of economic sanctions. Michigan Journal of International Law, 21. • Pearson, A., Sanders, L. (2019). Syria conflict: What do the US, Russia, Turkey and Iran want? In DW. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/en/syria-conflictwhat-do-the-us-russia-turkey-and-iran-want/a-41211604 • Peksen, D., Son, B. (2015). Economic coercion and currency crises in target countries. Journal ofPeace Research, 52(4). • Project (2019). In TurkStream. Retrieved from http://turkstream.info/ • Project History (2019). In Аккиуи NPP. Retrieved from http ://www. akkunpp. com/proj ect-history-2 • Prokopenko, A. (2018, December 20). Putin's Courtiers: How Sanctions Have Changed Russia's Economic Policy. Retrieved March 17, 2019, from https://camegie.ru/commentarv/78008 • Ravenhill, J. (2005). Global Political Economy. N.p.: Oxford University Press. • Regions of Russia. (2017, August 18). Александр Масленников: Санкции сделали нас сильнее! Retrieved March 18, 2019, from http://www.gosrf.ru/news/31325/ • Revealed Comparative Advantage (2019). In UNCTAD Stat. Retrieved from https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/RcaRadar.html • Rosoboron Export, (n.d.). Partner countries and joint projects. Retrieved March 30, 2019, from http://roe.ru/eng/rosoboronexport/partner-countries/ • Russia and China have signed a major gas supply contract (2014). In President of Russia. Retrieved from http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/21063 • Russia and Turkey have established the High-Level Cooperation Council (2010). In President of Russia. Retrieved from http -J!en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/7723 • Russia Economic Report (2018). In The World Bank. 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Retrieved March 14, 2019, from https://www.sanctionsmap.eu/#/main/details/26/?search=%7B%22value%22:% 22%22.%22searchTvpe%22:%7B%7D%7D • Sanctions List Sereh (2019). In Office of Foreign Assets Control. Retrieved March 8, 2019, from https://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov/ • Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (2019). In Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/shanghai-cooperationorganization.en.mfa • Speech at a ceremony marking the 15th anniversary of signing of the Treaty on Good-Neighbourliness, Friendship and Cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. (2016, June 25). Retrieved April 01, 2019, fromhttp://en.kremlin.ru/catalog/countries/CN/events/52274 • Spence, M., Jones, D. (2007), Wealth of Nations: How Poor Countries Get Richer. • Sputnik. (2018, August 16). ABD'nin Türkiye'ye yönelik yaptırımları. Retrieved February 27, 2019, from https://tr.sputniknews.com/infografik/201808151034772132-abd-turkivevaptirim-dolar-euro-tl-doviz/ 103 • Strange, S. (1970). International Economics and International Relations: A Case of Mutual Neglect. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), 46{2). • Sudagezer, E. (2018, September 05). Türk halkının yüzde 74'ü dolara karşı yerel para birimiyle ticareti savunuyor, ABD'yle ittifaka destek yalnızca yüzde 4.4. Retrieved April 28, 2019, from https.7/tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/201809051035064500-turkive-yerel-parabirimivle-ticaret-dolar-abd-ittifak-optimar-arastirma/ • Süsler, В. (2018). EU and Turkey on same side against US. In EU Observer. Retrieved from https://euobserver.com/opinion/142647 • The concept of economic diversification in the context of response measures. Technical paper by the secretariat (2007). In UNFCCC. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Technical%20paper Economic%20 diversification.pdf • The Observatory of Economic Complexity, (n.d.). Retrieved April 15,2019, from https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/countrv/tur/#Destinations • The World Bank. (n.d.). Trade Indicators. Retrieved April 10, 2019, from https://wits.worldbank.Org/wits/wits/witshelp/Content/Utilities/e 1 .trade indicato rs .htm • Torbakov, I. (2008). The Georgia Crisis and Russia-Turkey Relations. The Jamestown Foundation. • Trade Database (2019). In UN COMTRADE. Retrieved from https : //comtrade.un. org/data/ • Treasury Sanctions Turkish Officials with Leading Roles in Unjust Detention of U.S. Pastor Andrew Brunson (2018). In US Department of Treasury Press Releases. Retrieved from https.7/home.treasury, gov/news/press-releases/sm453 • Troianovski, A. (2018). Russia keeps getting hit with sanctions. Do they make a difference? laMsn News. Retrieved from https://www.msn.com/en- ie/news/world/russia-keeps-getting-hit-with-sanctions-do-they-make-adifference/ar-BBMjTlV?li=AA54um • Turkey Exports to and Imports from Russia (2017). In WITS. Retrieved from https 7/wits. worldbank. org/countrystats. aspx? lang=en 104 • Turkey Foreign Direct Investment (2019). In Trading Economics. Retrieved from https://tradingeconomics.com/turkey/foreign-direct-investment • Turkey Letter to UNSC on Shooting Down SU-24 Plane. (2015, November 24). Retrieved March 18, 2019, from https://tr.scribd,com/doc/291002800/TurkevLetter-to-UNSC-on-Shooting-Down-SU-24-Plane-Nov-24-2015 • Turkey never supported anti-Russian sanctions — top diplomat (2018). In TASS Russian News Agency. Retrieved from http://tass.com/world/1017180 • TÜRSAB. (2019). Turizm Gelirleri (Tourism Revenue). Retrieved April 04, 2019, from https://www.tursab.org.tr/istatistikler-icerik/tiirtzm-geliri • Unemployment Rate (2019). In The World Bank- The Global Economy. Retrieved from https://www.theglobaleconomv.com/Russia/Unemnlovment rate/ • Veseth, M. (2007). What is International Political Economy? • Yang, J., Askari, H., Teegen, H. (2004). U.S. Economic Sanctions: An Empirical Study. The International Trade Journal 28(1 ). 105
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DE-604
B:DE-101 application/pdf https://d-nb.info/1191586367/04 Inhaltsverzeichnis
DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032109884&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032109884&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle Güneş, Dilan
The reshaped economic relations between Russia and Turkey after Western economic sanctions
Wirtschaftssanktion (DE-588)4190074-1 gnd
Wirtschaftsbeziehungen (DE-588)4068297-3 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4190074-1
(DE-588)4068297-3
(DE-588)4076899-5
(DE-588)4061163-2
title The reshaped economic relations between Russia and Turkey after Western economic sanctions
title_auth The reshaped economic relations between Russia and Turkey after Western economic sanctions
title_exact_search The reshaped economic relations between Russia and Turkey after Western economic sanctions
title_exact_search_txtP ˜Theœ reshaped economic relations between Russia and Turkey after Western economic sanctions
title_full The reshaped economic relations between Russia and Turkey after Western economic sanctions Dilan Güneş
title_fullStr The reshaped economic relations between Russia and Turkey after Western economic sanctions Dilan Güneş
title_full_unstemmed The reshaped economic relations between Russia and Turkey after Western economic sanctions Dilan Güneş
title_short The reshaped economic relations between Russia and Turkey after Western economic sanctions
title_sort the reshaped economic relations between russia and turkey after western economic sanctions
topic Wirtschaftssanktion (DE-588)4190074-1 gnd
Wirtschaftsbeziehungen (DE-588)4068297-3 gnd
topic_facet Wirtschaftssanktion
Wirtschaftsbeziehungen
Russland
Türkei
url https://d-nb.info/1191586367/04
http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032109884&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032109884&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv AT gunesdilan thereshapedeconomicrelationsbetweenrussiaandturkeyafterwesterneconomicsanctions