A gazetteer of the British iron industry, 1490-1815

A gazetteer of the British iron industry, 1490-1815 Volume 1

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1. Verfasser: King, Peter 1951- (VerfasserIn)
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Veröffentlicht: Oxford, UK BAR Publishing 2020
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adam_text CONTENTS VOLUME I KEY MAPS ........................................................................................................................................................................ XIII LIST OF MAPS ...................................................................................................................................................................... XV LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................................................... XV LIST OF FAMILY TREES ......................................................................................................................................................... XV NOTE ON WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ..................................................................................................................................... XVI ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................... XVIII ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................................................. XX 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................................... I SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................... 1 TECHNOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2 BLOOMERY PROCESSES .................................................................................................................................................... 3 FURNACES ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3 FORGES AND FOUNDRIES .................................................................................................................................................. 4 SUBSEQUENT PROCESSING ............................................................................................................................................... 6 ORTHOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................................................................... 7 ECONOMICS AND TRADE ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 SCOPE AND ORGANISATION ................................................................................................................................................... 9 STRUCTURE OF GAZETTEER ENTRIES ......................................................................................................................................... 10 HISTORIOGRAPHIC ISSUES ................................................................................................................................................... 11 PART 1. SOUTHEAST 2. WEALD ............................................................................................................................................................................. 15 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................... 15 ORIGINS OF IRONMAKING PROCESSES .............................................................................................................................. 15 NEW PROCESS IN THE WEALD ........................................................................................................................................ 17 THE START OF ENGLISH GUNFOUNDING ............................................................................................................................. 18 GROWTH AND MATURITY ................................................................................................................................................ 19 LATER GUNFOUNDING ................................................................................................................................................... 20 THE INDUSTRY AFTER 1713 ............................................................................................................................................ 22 THE FINAL DECLINE ....................................................................................................................................................... 23 GAZETTEER ARRANGEMENT .............................................................................................................................................. 24 GAZETTER OF THE EAST WEALD ............................................................................................................................................ 24 ASHBOURNE CATCHMENT .............................................................................................................................................. 24 ASTEN CATCHMENT ...................................................................................................................................................... 28 BREDE AND TILLINGHAM CATCHMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 29 CUCKMERE CATCHMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 31 GREAT STOUR CATCHMENT ............................................................................................................................................. 33 MEDWAY: EDEN CATCHMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 33 MEDWAY: KENT WATER AND CANSIRON CATCHMENT ....................................................................................................... 35 MEDWAY: MEDWAY UPPER CATCHMENT ....................................................................................................................... 37 MEDWAY: TEISE CATCHMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 43 ROTHER CATCHMENT ..................................................................................................................................................... 48 GAZETTEER OF THE WEST WEALD ......................................................................................................................................... 58 ADUR CATCHMENT ....................................................................................................................................................... 58 ARUN CATCHMENT ....................................................................................................................................................... 60 MOLE CATCHMENT ....................................................................................................................................................... 66 V $ B1IOTHEK DEUTSCHES MUSEUM HLUENCHE A A GAZETTEER OF THE BRITISH IRON INDUSTRY, 1490-1815 OUSE CATCHMENT ....................................................................................................................................................... 69 WEY CATCHMENT ........................................................................................................................................................ 75 OTHER IRONWORKS IN THE WHOLE WEALD ............................................................................................................................. 79 WATER-POWERED BLOOMERY FORGES .............................................................................................................................. 79 OTHER IRONWORKS ........................................................................................................................................................ 80 3. THE THAMES VALLEY ....................................................................................................................................................... 81 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................... 81 SLITTING MILLS ............................................................................................................................................................. 81 IRONWARE FOR LONDON AND EXPORT .............................................................................................................................. 84 FOUNDRIES .................................................................................................................................................................. 86 IRON PRODUCTION IN THE THAMES VALLEY ....................................................................................................................... 88 GAZETTEER ....................................................................................................................................................................... 89 IRON PROCESSING WORKS .............................................................................................................................................. 89 OTHER IRONWORKS ........................................................................................................................................................ 94 4. HAMPSHIRE ................................................................................................................................................................... 101 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 101 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 103 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 103 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 105 PART II. NORTHEAST 5. NORTHEAST ENGLAND ..................................................................................................................................................... 109 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 109 CHARCOAL IRON PRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 109 CROWLEY & CO ........................................................................................................................................................ 111 THE COOKSON FIRMS ................................................................................................................................................. 113 OTHER MANUFACTURERS ............................................................................................................................................... 114 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................................................. 115 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 116 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 116 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 123 COKE IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 127 6. NORTH YORKSHIRE MOORS .............................................................................................................................................. 129 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 129 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 129 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 129 BLOOMSMITHIES ........................................................................................................................................................ 131 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 131 7. NORTHERN WEST RIDING ................................................................................................................................................ 133 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 133 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 133 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 133 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 5 S. THE PENNINE DALES OF WEST YORKSHIRE ...................................................................................................................... 137 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 137 SPENCER FIRMS .......................................................................................................................................................... 139 OTHER IRONMASTERS ................................................................................................................................................... 142 GAZETTEER OF CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................ 143 BLOOMERIES ............................................................................................................................................................. 153 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 154 COKE FURNACES ......................................................................................................................................................... 155 V] CONTENTS 9. SHEFFIELD DISTRICT ......................................................................................................................................................... 159 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 159 THE DUKE OF NORFOLK S WORKS ................................................................................................................................ 161 OTHER SHEFFIELD IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................... 164 STEEL ........................................................................................................................................................................ 165 THE CUTLERY TRADES ................................................................................................................................................... 166 OTHER TRADES ............................................................................................................................................................ 167 MERCHANTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 168 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 169 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 169 BLOOMERY FORGES ..................................................................................................................................................... 176 TILTS AND OTHER FORGES .............................................................................................................................................. 176 STEEL FURNACES NEAR SHEFFIELD .................................................................................................................................. 179 STEEL FURNACES IN THE TOWN OF SHEFFIELD ................................................................................................................... 182 TWO EARLY FOUNDRY CUPOLAS ..................................................................................................................................... 184 COKE IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 185 10. DERBYSHIRE AND NOTTINGHAMSHIRE ........................................................................................................................... 187 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 187 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 191 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 191 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 201 COKE FURNACES ......................................................................................................................................................... 202 PART III. NORTHERN MIDLANDS 11. THE TRENT VALLEY ....................................................................................................................................................... 207 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 207 EARLY IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 207 BIRMINGHAM IRONMONGERS IN THE EAST MIDLANDS ..................................................................................................... 207 IRON TRADE ON THE RIVER TRENT ................................................................................................................................... 209 PROCESSING IMPORTS ................................................................................................................................................. 210 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 211 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 211 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 216 COKE FURNACE ........................................................................................................................................................... 217 12. NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE .................................................................................................................................................. 219 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 219 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 223 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 223 BLOOMERY FORGES ..................................................................................................................................................... 230 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 231 COKE FURNACES ......................................................................................................................................................... 232 13. CHESHIRE .................................................................................................................................................................... 235 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 23 5 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 240 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 240 14. WREXHAM AND FLINTSHIRE .......................................................................................................................................... 249 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 249 ISAAC AND JOHN WILKINSON ....................................................................................................................................... 251 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 252 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 252 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 257 COKE FURNACES ......................................................................................................................................................... 258 VII A GAZETTEER OF THE BRITISH IRON INDUSTRY, 1490-1815 15. MONTGOMERYSHIRE AND THE BORDER .......................................................................................................................... 261 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 261 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 263 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 263 16. SHROPSHIRE WEST OF THE SEVERN GORGE .................................................................................................................... 267 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 267 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 269 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 269 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 274 17. NORTH SHROPSHIRE ...................................................................................................................................................... 275 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 275 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 277 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 277 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 282 18. COALBROOKDALE AND THE SHROPSHIRE COALFIELD ........................................................................................................ 283 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 283 COALBROOKDALE ............................................................................................................................................................. 283 SIR BASIL BROOKE ..................................................................................................................................................... 283 LATE 17TH CENTURY .................................................................................................................................................... 285 THE ORIGINS OF THE REVERBERATORY FURNACE ................................................................................................................ 286 ABRAHAM DARBY I .................................................................................................................................................... 286 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ........................................................................................................................................... 289 NEW FURNACES .......................................................................................................................................................... 289 NEW FORGE PROCESSES ............................................................................................................................................... 290 LATER HISTORY OF THE COALBROOKDALE COMPANY ........................................................................................................ 290 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 292 COALBROOKDALE FURNACES .......................................................................................................................................... 292 COALBROOKDALE FORGES ............................................................................................................................................. 293 OTHER COALBROOKDALE IRONWORKS ............................................................................................................................. 294 OTHER COKE IRONWORKS .................................................................................................................................................. 294 19. BROSELEY AND BELOW THE GORGE ................................................................................................................................. 299 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 299 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 301 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 301 BLOOMERIES ............................................................................................................................................................. 303 LATER FORGES ............................................................................................................................................................. 304 COKE IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 306 20. THE WORFE VALLEY ...................................................................................................................................................... 309 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 309 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 309 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 309 VOLUME 11 LIST OF MAPS ...................................................................................................................................................................... XI LIST OF FAMILY TREES ......................................................................................................................................................... XI PART IV: SOUTHERN MIDLANDS 21. PENK VALLEY ............................................................................................................................................................... 315 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 315 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 316 VIII CONTENTS 22. CANNOCK CHASE ......................................................................................................................................................... 319 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 319 LORD PAGET S WORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 319 EIGHTEENTH CENTURY .................................................................................................................................................. 322 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 322 CANNOCK CHASE IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................... 322 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS NOT WITHIN THE CHASE .............................................................................................................. 323 BLOOMERY FORGES ..................................................................................................................................................... 325 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 325 23. THE TAME VALLEY AND THE NORTHEAST BLACK COUNTRY ............................................................................................. 327 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 327 EARLY IRON PRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 327 JENNENS FAMILY AND THEIR SUCCESSORS ....................................................................................................................... 329 OTHER IRONMASTERS ................................................................................................................................................... 331 NEW TECHNOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................................... 331 MANUFACTURES .......................................................................................................................................................... 332 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 333 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 333 BLOOMERY FORGES ..................................................................................................................................................... 343 GUN TRADE ................................................................................................................................................................ 344 STEEL WORKS IN BIRMINGHAM .................................................................................................................................... 346 OTHER STEEL WORKS .................................................................................................................................................... 347 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 347 COKE FURNACES ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 52 24. THE STOUR VALLEY AND SOUTHWEST BLACK COUNTRY ................................................................................................... 361 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 361 THE ROLE OF THE STOUR VALLEY .................................................................................................................................... 361 DUD DUDLEY ............................................................................................................................................................ 364 THE FOLEYS .............................................................................................................................................................. 365 PRICE REGULATION BY IRONMASTERS MEETINGS ............................................................................................................. 368 THE KNIGHT FAMILY .................................................................................................................................................. 369 OTHER 18TH-CENTURY IRONMASTERS .............................................................................................................................. 370 THE HOMFRAY FAMILY ............................................................................................................................................... 371 THE PIG IRON SUPPLY ................................................................................................................................................ 372 PLATING FORGES IN MANUFACTURES ............................................................................................................................... 373 GAZETTEER: UPPER STOUR VALLEY .................................................................................................................................... 373 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 374 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 379 SMESTOW BROOK AND ITS TRIBUTARIES .............................................................................................................................. 383 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 3 84 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 388 LOWER STOUR: KINVER AND WOLVERLEY ........................................................................................................................... 389 LOWER STOUR: KIDDERMINSTER AND HARTLEBURY .............................................................................................................. 397 BELL AND WANNERTON BROOKS ........................................................................................................................................ 402 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 402 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 403 THE WHOLE CATCHMENT .................................................................................................................................................. 405 BLOOMERIES ............................................................................................................................................................. 405 GUN TRADE ................................................................................................................................................................ 407 STEAM-POWERED FORGES ............................................................................................................................................ 408 STEEL FURNACES ......................................................................................................................................................... 409 SOME IRON FOUNDRIES ............................................................................................................................................... 409 COKE FURNACES ......................................................................................................................................................... 410 25. THE CLEE HILLS ........................................................................................................................................................... 415 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 415 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 417 IX A GAZETTEER OF THE BRITISH IRON INDUSTRY, 1490-1815 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 417 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 425 COKE FURNACES ......................................................................................................................................................... 425 26. THE SOUTH MIDLANDS ................................................................................................................................................. 427 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 427 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 429 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 429 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 435 PART V. SOUTHWEST AND WALES 27. AROUND THE SEVERN ESTUARY ..................................................................................................................................... 439 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 439 POST-RESTORATION PERIOD .......................................................................................................................................... 439 ROWLAND PYTT .......................................................................................................................................................... 440 DAVID TANNER .......................................................................................................................................................... 441 19TH CENTURY ............................................................................................................................................................ 442 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 442 LYDNEY FURNACE AND FORGES ................................................................................................................................... 442 OTHER CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ....................................................................................................................................... 444 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 449 COKE IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 449 28. THE FOREST OF DEAN ................................................................................................................................................... 451 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 451 THE FIRST PERIOD OF THE KING S WORKS ...................................................................................................................... 451 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE FIRST PERIOD ............................................................................................................................ 453 MARKETS ................................................................................................................................................................... 454 THE COMMONWEALTH AND BEYOND ............................................................................................................................ 454 CORDWOOD FROM THE FOREST ..................................................................................................................................... 455 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 455 MEDIEVAL FORGE ....................................................................................................................................................... 455 THE KING S IRONWORKS IN THE FOREST ........................................................................................................................ 455 LATER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 457 29. TINTERN AND THE LOWER WYE VALLEY ......................................................................................................................... 459 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 459 TINTERN IRONWORKS AND WIREWORKS .............................................................................................................................. 460 TINTERN WIREWORKS .................................................................................................................................................. 460 TINTERN IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................... 463 WHITEBROOK WIREWORKS .......................................................................................................................................... 464 WYESWOOD IRONWORKS .................................................................................................................................................. 465 30. THE MIDDLE WYE VALLEY ............................................................................................................................................ 467 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 467 THE FOLEYS .............................................................................................................................................................. 467 OTHER IRONMASTERS ................................................................................................................................................... 470 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 471 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 471 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 480 31. UPPER WYE AND UPPER USK VALLEYS ........................................................................................................................ 481 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 481 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 482 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 482 32. NORTH MONMOUTHSHIRE ............................................................................................................................................. 487 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 487 X CONTENTS RICHARD HANBURY .................................................................................................................................................... 487 JOHN HANBURY ......................................................................................................................................................... 490 DAVID TANNER .......................................................................................................................................................... 491 COKE IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 491 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 492 THE PONTYPOOL WORKS ............................................................................................................................................. 492 OTHER CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ....................................................................................................................................... 494 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 496 COKE IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 497 33. NORTHERN GLAMORGAN ............................................................................................................................................... 503 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 503 THE CHARCOAL PERIOD ..................................................................................................................................................... 505 THE CYNON VALLEY ................................................................................................................................................... 505 RHONDDA VALLEY ...................................................................................................................................................... 506 THE UPPER TAFF VALLEY NEAR MERTHYR TYDFIL ............................................................................................................ 506 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ........................................................................................................................................... 507 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 507 COKE IRONWORKS IN CYNON VALLEY ............................................................................................................................ 507 MERTHYR TYDFIL ........................................................................................................................................................ 508 34. THE CARDIFF AND NEWPORT AREA ............................................................................................................................... 513 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 513 HARFORD, PARTRIDGE & CO ......................................................................................................................................... 514 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 515 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 516 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 516 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 526 35. THE BRISTOL AREA ....................................................................................................................................................... 529 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 529 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 531 SLITTING AND ROLLING MILLS ......................................................................................................................................... 531 EARLY BRISTOL FOUNDRIES ........................................................................................................................................... 531 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 532 COKE IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 533 36. THE SOUTHWESTERN PENNINSULA ................................................................................................................................. 535 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 535 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 535 EDGED TOOL WORKS AT MELLS AND ELSEWHERE .............................................................................................................. 537 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 537 37. WESTERN GLAMORGAN ................................................................................................................................................. 539 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 539 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 541 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 541 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 547 COKE FURNACES ......................................................................................................................................................... 548 38. CARMARTHENSHIRE AND PEMBROKESHIRE .................................................................................................................... 551 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 551 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 553 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 553 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................................................. 559 39. THE COASTS OF WEST AND NORTH WALES ..................................................................................................................... 561 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 561 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 562 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 568 XI A GAZETTEER OF THE BRITISH IT-ON INDUSTRY, 1490-1815 PART VI. NORTHWEST ENGLAND 40. SOUTH LANCASHIRE ..................................................................................................................................................... 571 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 571 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 573 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 573 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 577 COKE IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 579 41. FURNESS AND NORTH LANCASHIRE ............................................................................................................................... 581 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 581 REDININE ......................................................................................................................................................... .. 581 BLOORNERIES ............................................................................................................................................................. 582 THE INDIRECT PROCESS ................................................................................................................................................ 583 FINERY FORGES ............................................................................................................ . 586 .............................................. LATER EVENTS ................................................................................................................................. .................. 587 SPADE FORGES ........................................................................................................................................................... 587 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 588 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 588 BLOOMERIES ............................................................................................................................................................. 599 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 601 42. WEST CUMBERLAND AND BEYOND ............................................................................................................................... 603 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 603 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 606 CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ................................................................................................................................................ 606 BLOORNERIES ............................................................................................................................................................. 611 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 612 COKE IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 614 PART VII. SCOTLAND 43. THE SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS ............................................................................................................................................ 617 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 617 THE EARLY INDUSTRY ..................................................................................................... . 617 ................................................. LOCH MAREE ............................................................................................................................................................. 617 OTHER EARLY IRONWORKS ............................................................................................................................................. 617 THE LATER INDUSTRY ....................................................................................................................................................... 618 GAZETTEER OF CHARCOAL IRONWORKS ........................................................................................................................... 619 44. THE SCOTTISH LOWLANDS ............................................................................................................................................. 623 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 623 GAZETTEER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 624 THE CHARCOAL PERIOD ................................................................................................................................................ 624 OTHER IRONWORKS ...................................................................................................................................................... 627 COKE FURNACES ......................................................................................................................................................... 628 45. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................................ 631 SOME PAST ERRORS .......................................................................................................................................................... 631 FUTURE WORK ................................................................................................................................................................. 632 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................................................... 633 APPENDIX: PATENTS OF INVENTION .................................................................................................................................... 675 INDEX ................................................................................................................................................................................ 679 XII
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author King, Peter 1951-
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author_facet King, Peter 1951-
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id DE-604.BV046666889
illustrated Illustrated
indexdate 2024-12-24T08:10:58Z
institution BVB
isbn 9781407354637
language English
oai_aleph_id oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032077934
oclc_num 1155088872
open_access_boolean
owner DE-12
DE-210
owner_facet DE-12
DE-210
physical xx, 312 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 30 cm
publishDate 2020
publishDateSearch 2020
publishDateSort 2020
publisher BAR Publishing
record_format marc
series BAR British series
series2 BAR British series
spellingShingle King, Peter 1951-
A gazetteer of the British iron industry, 1490-1815
BAR British series
title A gazetteer of the British iron industry, 1490-1815
title_auth A gazetteer of the British iron industry, 1490-1815
title_exact_search A gazetteer of the British iron industry, 1490-1815
title_full A gazetteer of the British iron industry, 1490-1815 Volume 1 Peter King
title_fullStr A gazetteer of the British iron industry, 1490-1815 Volume 1 Peter King
title_full_unstemmed A gazetteer of the British iron industry, 1490-1815 Volume 1 Peter King
title_short A gazetteer of the British iron industry, 1490-1815
title_sort a gazetteer of the british iron industry 1490 1815
url http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032077934&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link (DE-604)BV046666884
(DE-604)BV000897461
work_keys_str_mv AT kingpeter agazetteerofthebritishironindustry14901815volume1

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