Poland's struggle before, during and after the Second World War
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Yorkshire ; Philadelphia
Pen & Sword Military
2019
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| 100 | 1 | |a Rawson, Andrew |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Poland's struggle |b before, during and after the Second World War |c Andrew Rawson |
| 264 | 1 | |a Yorkshire ; Philadelphia |b Pen & Sword Military |c 2019 | |
| 300 | |a viii, 212 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten |b Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts | ||
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| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1918-1991 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Introduction Chapter 1 vii Poland is Not Yet Lost 1 Establishing an independent state, 1918 to 1933 Chapter 2 Between Hitler and Stalin 11 Political unrest, 1933 to 1939 Chapter 3 Breaking the German Codes 23 The Polish Code-breakers and Engimą Chapter 4 Case White versus Plan West 29 The Opposing Armies and their Plans Chapter 5 Treacherous Neighbours 37 The Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, August 1939 Chapter 6 Speak the Same Language 45 The Invasion ofPoland, September 1939 Chapter 7 Establishing a Greater Reich 59 Implementing Nazi and Soviet policies Chapter 8 There Must be No Polish leaders 67 Eliminating the Intelligentsia Chapter 9 Fighting Back at Home 75 Resistance groups until the summer of 1943 Chapter 10 Fighting Back from Abroad Poland’s Free Forces in exile 81
vi Poland’s Struggle Chapter 11 A Great Polish Labour Camp 91 The repression and elimination ofPolish Catholics Chapter 12 Burn out this Plague Dump 105 Creating and Controlling the Jewish Ghettos Chapter 13 Operation Reinhard 121 Organising the Jewish Question Chapter 14 The Battle for Poland 133 Operation Barbarossa and the Polish People ’s Army Chapter 15 Sabotage and Uprising 153 The Underground State and the Home Army Chapter 16 We Saved You from the Nazis 165 Ethnic Cleansing and Polish Communities Abroad Chapter 17 Putting a Saddle on a Cow 175 Adapting to post-war communism, 1945 to 1953 Chapter 18 Because Freedom is Priceless 185 The struggle for democracy, 1953 to 1991 Bibliography 193 Index 197
Bibliography The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War, Halik Kochański, Penguin, 2013 Poland: A History, Adam Zamoyski, William Collins, 2015 Warsaw 1944: Hitler, Himmler and the Crushing of a City, Alexandra Richie, William Collins, 2014 Rising ’44: The Battle for Warsaw, Norman Davies, Pan 2018 KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps, Nikolaus Wachsmann, Abacus 2016 The Holocaust: A New History, Laurence Rees, Penguin, 2017 Masters of Death: SS-Einsatzgruppen and the Holocaust, Richard Rhodes, Vintage, 2003 Schindler’s Krakow: The City Under the Nazis, Andrew Rawson, Pen and Sword 2015 Warsaw 1920: Lenin’s Failed Conquest ofEurope, by Adam Zamoyski, William Collins 2014 White Eagle, Red Star: The Polish-Soviet War 1919-20, Norman Davies, Pimlico, 2003 Trail of Hope: The Anders’ Army, An Odyssey Across Three Continents, Norman Davies, Osprey 2015 No Greater Ally: The Untold Story of Poland’s Forces in WWH, Kenneth K. Koskodan, Osprey 2011 The Forgotten Few: The Polish Air Force in World War II, Adam Zamoyski, Pen and Sword 2009 For Your Freedom and Ours: The Kosciuszko Squadron, Lynne Oleson, Arrow 2004 303 Squadron: The Legendary Battle of Britain Fighter Squadron, Arkady Fiedler, Aquila Polonica 2010
194 Poland’s Struggle Museums The Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum in London contains many artefacts and documents donated by Poles who could not return to their homeland after the war.sikorskimuseum.co.uk/ The following list gives links to the main museums across Poland relating to World War II and the Holocaust. Many city and town museums will have sections relating to this period: Warsaw Warsaw Uprising Museum 1944.pl/en Polin, the Museum of Poland’s Jews polin.pl/en Polish Army Museum, Warsaw Katyń Museum muzeumwp.pl/?language=EN Part of the Polish Army Museum, Warsaw Pawiak Prison Museum, Warsaw museumofpawiakprison.tumblr.com/ Kraków Home Army Museum muzeum-ak.pl/english/ The Galician Jewish Museum Schindler’s Factory Museum galiciajewishmuseum.org/en mhk.pl/branches/oskar-schindlers-factory Auschwitz Museum, Oświęcim auschwitz.org/en/ Gdańsk War Museum muzeuml939.pl/en/home Holocaust Related Museums Majdenek Camp Museum, Lublin majdanek.eu/en Stutthof Camp Museum stutthof.org/english Chełmno Camp Museum chelmno-muzeum.eu/en/ Treblinka Camp Museum (in Polish) treblinka-muzeum.eu/ Sobibór Camp Museum sobibor-memorial.eu/en Bełżec Camp Museum belzec.eu/en Italy Polish II Corps Museum fondazionemm2c.org/en/
Bibliography 195 Memorials This is a limited list of the main Polish memorials around the world: Poland Tomb of the Unknown Soldier: Plac Marszalka Jozefa Piłsudskiego, Warsaw Monument to the Fallen and Murdered in the East: Muranowska, Warsaw, Poland Monument to the Warsaw Uprising Fighters: Krasinski Square, Warsaw, Poland Monument to the Ghetto Heroes: ul. Zamenhofa 11, Warsaw Child Fighters Memorial: Podwale, Old Town, Warsaw Female Couriers of the Home Army, Parkowa, Józefów Monument to the Heroes of Warsaw: Nowy Przejazd, Warsaw, Poland Josef Piłsudski Monument: Łazienki Park, Warsaw Polish First Army Memorial, ul. Generala Władysława Andersa, Warsaw 1st Infantry Division, Wybrzeże Szczecińskie, Warsaw Enigma Codebreakers memorial, ul. Św. Marcin, Poznań Marian Rejewski, code breaker, memorial, Gdanska, Bydgoszcz Mila 18, Jews who took their lives rather than surrender: Junction of Mila and Dubois, Warsaw Polish Underground State and Home Army: Wiejska Street and Jana Matejki Street, Warsaw Polish Airmen Memorial, Mokotów Park, Warsaw Kotwica Memorial (Anchor Memorial): Warsaw Uprising Hill, south-east Warsaw Wojtek the Bear Memorial, Jordan Park, Kraków Westerplatte Memorial, Gdańsk The holocaust sites, Treblinka, Sobibór, Bełżec, Majdanek, Chełmno and Auschwitz, have memorials Plasnow Camp Memorial, Kraków Martial Law Memorial, Piłsudskiego and Świdnicka, Wrocław United Kingdom Polish Code Breakers memorial, Bletchley Park Museum, United Kingdom Polish Armed Forces Memorial, National Memorial Arboretum, Lichfield, Staffordshire Polish Air Force Memorial, Northholt,
London
196 Poland’s Struggle RAF Chailey Memorial to Polish Airmen, Plumpton Wojtek the Bear Memorial, Princes Street Gardens, Edinburgh Katyń Memorial, Cannock Chase Katyń Memorial, Gunnersbury, London America Katyń Memorial, Jersey City, New Jersey Canada Katyń Memorial, Toronto Russia Katyń Memorial, Smolensk Italy The Polish Cemetery and Memorial at Monte Cassino Israel Monument to Jewish Military Casualties in Polish Armies, Mount Herzl Jerusalem
Index AB Aktion see Extraordinary Pacification Action adoption, 62, 93, 102 Afghanistan, 190 Aktion Erntefest see Operation Harvest Festival Alexander II, Emperor of Russia, 8 Altreich (Old Reich), 63, 94 Anders, General Władysław, 54, 74, 76, 82 Anglo-Polish Common Defence Pact, 12 Anti-Fascist Military Organisation, 114 Anschluss or Union, 11, 16-17 Anti-Comintern Pact, 18 Archinard, General Louis, 2 Arciszewski, Prime Minister Tomasz, 155 Armed Forces Delegation for Poland, 150 Armed Struggle Union, 75-6, 79, 82, 96, 155 Armia Krajowa see Home Army Attlee, Prime Minister Clement, 168 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1-2 Bach, SS-General Erich von dem, 142 Baltic battles, 46 Baltic coast, 34, 46, 137, 167 Baltic Sea, 3, 8, 38 Baltic States, 60, 63, 94, 134 Bank of Issue, 93 Bautzen, Battle of, 138 Beck, Józef, 13-14,18-20, 37, 40-1 Belarus, 6, 135, 169, 176 Belorussian Front, 30, 137 Beneš, Edvard, 18 Berchtesgaden, 17-18 Beria, Lavrentiy, 71, 98 Berlin, 6-8, 13, 17-19, 40-1, 73, 121-2, 133, 137-9, 179 Berlin, Treaty of, 7-8 Berlin Wall, 191 Berling, General Zygmunt, 73, 136-7, 143 Berman, Jakub, 179 Bernolák Army, 30 Bertram, Archbishop Adolf, 92 Bertrand, Major Gustave, 25-6 Best, SS֊Obergruppenfiihrer Werner, 68 Beutel, SS-Brigadeführer Lothar, 96 Białystok, 60, 114, 146 Big Plan (deportation of Poles), 64 Bierut, Bolesław, 148, 185 Black Book of Censorship, 99, 180 Blaskowitz, General Johannes, 30, 49, 52 Bletchley Park see Code and Cipher School Blokhin, Vasily, 98
198 Poland’s Struggle Brezhnev, General Secretary Blomberg, Field Marshal Werner von, 16-17 Leonid, 190 Blue Army, Polish, 2, 5 Brystiger, Colonel Julia, 166, 180 Brzezinka, 128 Blue Police, Polish, 61, 67 Bug River, 30, 54 Blumentritt, Oberst Günther, 29 Bohemia and Moravia, Protectorate Bühler, Josef, 61 of, 20, 162 Bulganin, Nikolai, 148 Bydgoszcz, 32, 48 Bock, General Fedor von, 30, 46 Byelorussian Socialist Soviet Bohusz-Szyszko, General Zygmunt, 84 Republic, 15 Boldin, Komkor Ivan, 31 Byelorussians, 7, 15, 72, 166, Bolsheviks, 2-5 169-71,175 Boltuc, General Mikołaj, 32, 47 Bzura River, 49-50 Border Defence Corps, 33, 54—5 borders, deciding Poland’s, 2-3 Capital Reconstruction Bormann, Martin 63 Bureau, 177 Bortnowski, Lieutenant General Caritas, 180-1 Władysław, 32, 48 Catholic Church, 92, 180-1 Boruta Group, 51 Carpathian Army, 32, 51 Boruta-Spiechowicz, General Carpathian Mountains, 29-30, 45, Mieczysław, 32, 51, 88 49,135 Bothmann, SS-Hauptsturmfiihrer Case White, 19, 29-30 Hans, 108, 125 Catloš, General Ferdinand, 30 Bracht, Fritz, 60 Central Bureau for Immigration, 63 Braquenié, Captain Henri, 25 censorship, post-war, 180 Brauchitsch, General Walther Chamberlain, Prime Minister von,29 Neville, 17, 40 Breslau (now Wroclaw), 49 Christian National Union, 192 Brest-Litovsk, 2, 5, 54, 115, 146 Chruściel, Colonel Antoni, 76, Briand, Aristide, 7 141, 143 Briand-Kellogg Pact, 8 Chrzanowski, Wiesław, 192 British Army Chuikov, Komdiv Vasily, 31 1st Airborne Division, 88 Church, post-war, 180-1 British Empire, 171 Churchill, Prime Minister Winston, 83, 85, 134, 144,
Broniewski, Stanisław, 78 148, 154,171, 175 Bronna Góra forest, 115-16 Ciężki, Captain Maksymilian, 24 Brońska, Wanda, 179 Cipher Section, Polish, 23 Brünnlitz, 112 Citizens’ Militia, 188 Bruno, Command Post, 26
Index Citizens’ Militia Motorized Reserves, 189 Clemenceau, Prime Minister Georges, 3 Code and Cipher School, British, 25-6, 160 Communist Party, German, 11 concentration camps, overview, 100-102 Auschwitz-Birkenau, 51, 77, 100, 108-109,112-14, 117,127-9, 138,194—5 Bergen-Belsen, 130 Dachau, 96, 100 Flossenbiirg, 162 Gross-Rosen, 100 Majdanek, 100-101,107, 112, 114, 122-3, 126-7, 194-5 Mauthausen, 100 Neuengamme, 100 Plaszó w, 112 Ravensbrück,100 Sachsenhausen, 96, 100 Soldau, 60, 101 Stutthof, 59,100-101, 194 Theresienstadt, 114 Confederation of the Nation (partisans), 79 Corpse Commandos, 125 Council of People’s Commissars, 5 Criminal Police, 38, 67, 153 culture, post-war, 180 Cursed Soldiers, 158, 165-6 Curzon line, 169 Cyrankiewicz, Józef, 185 Czechoslovakia, 7, 11-13, 17-20, 31-2, 38, 68, 94, 187,189 Czerniaków, Adam, 110, 117 Czuma, General Walerian, 50, 52 199 Dąb-Biernacki, General Stefan, 33,50 Daladier, Prime Minister Edouard, 55 Danzig, 3, 6, 8, 13, 18-19, 30, 37, 41, 46, 59, 101 Danzig-West Prussia Reich District, 59 death marches, 138 Denniston, Commander Alastair, 25 Directorate of Civil Resistance, 153 Directorate of Diversion (KeDyw), 76-7, 157-9, 161 Directorate of Underground Resistance, 153 Displaced Persons, 100, 171 dividing society, 91 Dmowski, Roman, 3 Dobrzański, Major Henryk, 79 East Cases (Ost-Fälle), 63, 94 Eastern Borderlands see Kresy Eastern Galicia, 5 East Prussia, 3, 8, 18, 29-32, 41, 45-8, 60, 62, 69 East Prussia Reich District, 60 economic discrimination, 93-4 economy, post-war, 177-9 education, war time, 62, 92-3, 96, 100,181-2 education,
post-war 181-2 Eichmann, S S-Ober Sturmbannführer Adolph, 121-3 Einsatzgruppen, 60, 68—9, 95—6, 110,113-16, 121, 134-5, 193 eliminating the Polish race, 94—5 Enabling Act, 11-12
200 Poland’s Struggle Enigma machine, cracking the, 24—5 Enigma machine, workings of the, 23 Eberl, SS-Untersturmführer Dr Irmfried, 125 establishing Poland, 6-7 Estonia, 7, 40 Ethnic classification, 69 ethnic discrimination, 91 exchanges across the eastern border, 169-70 extermination camps Bełżec, 112-13, 117, 122-6 Chełmno, ЗО, 47, 60, 101, 108, 122-5, 194-5 Sobibór, 111, 113, 122-3, 125-7, 194-5 Treblinka, 107, 109-11, 113-14, 117-18, 122-7, 194-5 Extermination camp organisation, 123-4 Extraordinary Pacification Action, 67, 71, 95-6 Extraordinary State Commission, 98 Fabrycy, Major General Kazimierz, 32 Fall Weiss see Case White family life, 94 Fan {Wachlarz), 77, 139, 157 Fighting Youth Union, 182 Filipkowski, Colonel Władysław, 146 Final Solution, 121-3 Finland, 7, 40, 133 First World War, 1-2, 5, 23, 169 Fischer, Governor Ludwig, 118, 141, 160 Florstedt, SS֊Obersturmfiihrer Hermann, 127 Forest People (partisans), 79 Forster, Albert, 18-19, 59, 63 Four-Power Pact, 12 Fourteen Points (President Wilson’s), 2,8 France, 2-3, 7-8, 12-14, 16-17, 19, 25-7, 37, 39-40, 45, 55-6, 75, 78, 81, 87-8, 172 Frank, SS-Obergruppenfiihrer August, 124 Frank, Governor Hans, 59-62, 67, 97, 111, 140 Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria, 1 Franz, SS-Untersturmführer Kurt, 126 Freedom and Democracy, 181 Freedom and Independence, 150, 165 Freedom and Sovereignty, 166 French Interior Forces, 85 Fritsch, General Werner von, 16-17 Gdańsk, 86, 195 Gdynia, 3, 8, 30, 34, 41, 46, 59, 187 Gebauer, SS-Hauptsturmführer Fritz, 101 Geibel, Colonel Paul Otto, 141 General Government, 58, 60-3, 67, 70, 91, 93-4,
97, 99-100, 104, 111, 121-2, 127, 139, 140 General Plan East, 63—4, 127 Geneva Economic Convention, 7 German Empire, 1 German Girls League, 62, 63 German Navy, 34, 38, 46 German People, 69 Germans moved from Poland to Germany, 166-9 Germanisation Plans, 62-3
Index George VI, King of Great Britain, 85 Gersdorff, Rudolf von, 98 Gestapo, 26, 38, 67-8, 70-1, 76, 78-9,95-6, 111, 153, 156, 159,161 Gestapo and NKVD Conferences, 71 Gestapo’s Central Unit IIP, 38, 95 Ghettos Będzin, 112-13 Białystok, 114 Brest-Litovsk, 115 Częstochowa, 50 Kielce, 109 Kowel, 116 Kraków, 111-12 Łachwa, 115 Litzmannstadt see Łódź Łódź,106-108 Lublin, 113, 127 Lwów, 116 Mińsk Mazowiecki, 110-11 Opole Lubelskie, 111 Pińsk, 115-16 Piotrków Trybunalski, 107 Radom, 111, 126 Sosnowiec, 112-13 Tarnów, 112 Tomaszów Mazowiecki, 109 Warsaw, 106, 109, 113, 117-18 Wilno, 114 Gierek, Edward, 187-9 Glasnost, 191 Gleiwitz, 45 Globočnik, SS֊Gruppenführer Odilo, 113,117,122, 127 Göcke, S S-OberSturmbannführer Wilhelm, 100 201 Godlewski, Colonel Edward, 146-7 Goebbels, Joseph, 98, 135 Golikov, Komkor Filipp, 31 Gomułka, Władysław, 148, 185-7 Gorbachev, General Secretary Mikhail, 191 Gordov, General Vasily, 136 Goring, Air Force Commander Herman, 16 Górski, Jan, 78 Göth, SS-Untersturmführer Amon, 112 Gothic Line, Italy, 89 Government Delegate’s Office at Home, 155 Government-in֊Exile, 75, 81-2, 89, 136, 140, 147-9, 153-6 Graliński, Jan, 16 Great Action Warsaw, 110 Greiser, S S-Obergruppenführer Arthur, 59, 63 Grey Ranks, 77-8, 93,159, 182 Grocholski, Lieutenant Colonel Adam, 77 Grodno, 54, 146 Gross, Dr Walther, 15 Grzmot-Skotnicki, Brigadier General Stanisław, 32 Grzybowski, Wacław, 53 Gulag, 52, 73, 136, 145, 158, 166,176 Haase, SS֊Obersturmbannführer Willi, 112 Hácha, Emil, 18 Hahn, SS֊Standartenführer Ludwig, 117 Haider, General Franz, 29
202 Poland’s Struggle Haller von Hallenburg, General Józef, 2 Hanke, Karl, 60 Haren, Germany, 171 Heitz, General Walter, 59 Неї peninsula, 34, 46 Henderson, Sir Nevile, 40-1 Henlein, Konrad, 17 Herbet, SS-Hauptsturmführer Nikolaus, 101 Hering, S S-OberSturmführer Gottlieb, 101, 125 Heydrich, SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard, 45, 121-2 Himmler’s City, 162 Hitler, Adolf, 11-14, 16-20, 37, 39-41, 45, 48, 62, 68, 134, 139, 141 Hitler Youth, 15, 62-3 Hiwis, 99, 122 Hlond, Cardinal August, 181 Hoepner, General Erich, 50 Höfle, SS-Hauptsturmführer Hermann, 110, 122, 123, 127 Holy Cross Mountains Brigade, 162 Home to the Reich, 16 Home Political Representation, 83, 153MHome Army assassinations see Operation Heads commanders, 156 disbanding, 78, 165 expanding, 77, 79, 93, 156, 161-2 fighting Ukrainians, 170 objectives, 155 operations, 62, 157, 159-60 organisation, 156 post-war see Cursed Soldiers post-war memory, 147 relations with others, 148,157,162 sabotage, 76 suppression by the Nazis, 161 suppression by the Soviets, 83, 149, 158-9, 166, 171 support for, 94 Tempest, Operation, 136, 139-40,145-7, 152, 155, 163 Warsaw uprising, 71, 118, 137, 140-5, 155 weapons and equipment, 118, 157-8 Hospital Patients, Murder of, 68, 71, 121 Hoss, Hauptsturmführer Rudolf, 128-9 Hungary, 13, 30, 50, 84, 129, 186 Iłża 50 Independence see NIE Independent Self-Governing Trade Union Solidarity see Solidarity Information and Propaganda Office, 157 infrastructure, post-war, 177-9 Intelligenzaktion, 95 Jablunkov Pass, 41 Jagmin Group, 51 Jagmin-Sadowski, General Jan, 32,51 Japan, 30, 53 Jaruzelski, General
Wojciech, 190-2 Jasiński, Lieutenant Władysław, 77 Jewish Combat Organization, 113 Jewish Military Union, 118 Jewish Relief Council, 158
Index Jewish repression (overview), 105-106 judicial system, 91-2 Kaczorowski, Ryszard, 155, 192 Kaczyński, Jarosław, 192 Kaczyński, Lech, 192 Kalenkiewicz, Maciej, 78 Kamiński, Aleksander, 77 Kampinos Forest, 49-50, 96 Kania, Stanisław, 189-90 Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski, General Michał, 75-6 Karski, Jan, 82, 117 Katowice, 30, 51, 185 Katyń massacre, 52, 54, 66, 71, 79, 89, 97-9, 125, 136, 140, 147, 189, 194, 196 Katyń massacre, Little, 165 Katzmann, SS-Gruppenführer Fritz, 101, 111, 116 Kaunas, 4 Kawalkowski, General Aleksander, 85 KeDyw see Directorate of Diversion Kerensky offensive, 2 Kerri, Hanns, 92 Khrushchev, President Nikita, 177, 185-6 Kielce, 48, 50, 109 Kiev, 5,135 Kittel, Oberscharführer Bruno, 114 Kiszczak, General Czesław, 191 Kleeberg, General Franciszek, 48 Klimecki, Dr Stanislaw, 96 Kluge, General Günther von, 30 Knox, Dilly, 25 Koch, SS-Standartenführer Karl-Otto, 60, 126 203 Koegel, SS-Sturmbannführer Max, 127 Koenig, General Marie-Pierre, 85 Kolberg, Fortress, 137 Komorowski, General Tadeusz, 140-1, 143, 146, 149, 156 Konev, Marshal Ivan, 137-8 Koppe, SS-Obergruppenführer Wilhelm, 59-62, 124, 160 Kotwica, 77, 195 Kovalyov, Komandarm Mikhail, 30 Kozielewski, Second Lieutenant Jan,117 Kozielewski, Marian, 153 Kremlin, 20, 144 Kresy, 6, 72, 74, 133, 135, 148, 166, 168-71, 175-6 Kriegsmarine see German Navy Kriminalpolizei see Criminal Police Kristallnacht, 12 Krüger, Friedrich Wilhelm, 61 Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski, Brigadier General Emil, 32, 47,50 Krzyżanowski, Lieutenant Colonel Aleksander, 145 Kukiel, General Marian, 88 Kulmhof see Chełmno Kutrzeba, Major
General Tadeusz, 32, 49 Kuznetsov, Komkor Vasily, 31 Labour Reformatory, 99 Lange, SS-Obersturmführer Herbert, 101, 124 Langer, Lieutenant Colonel Gwido, 23, 25-7 lapankas see round-ups, 95-9 Latvia, 7, 40, 56, 122, 156
204 Poland’s Struggle League of Nations, 3-5, 7, 11-16, 20 Lehr-Spławiński, Professor Tadeusz, 96 Lenin, Vladimir, 5, 6 Lenino, Battle of, 136-7 Lerch, SS-Sturmbannfiihrer Ernst, 122, 127 Liebehenschel, S S-Ober Sturmbannführer Arthur, 127, 129 Lipski, Józef, 14, 18, 37, 42 List, Major General Wilhelm, 30,51,59 Lithuania annexing, 4 Defence Force, 158 Protection Teams, 158 Republic of, 3—4, 30-1, 40, 54, 56, 122, 135, 148, 165, 169 Secret Police, 158 Special Squads, 114 Little Andrews, 77, 159 Litvinov, Maxim, 39 Lizard Union (partisans), 79, 162 Lloyd George, Prime Minister David, 3 Local Government Guard, 153 Locarno Treaties, 7, 14 Lohse, Hinrich, 60 Lopatyn, Dov, 115 Lorenz, SS-Obergruppenfiihrer Werner, 16 Lower Silesia, 60 Lublin, 50, 54, 61, 101, 107, 122-3, 125-7, 139,146, 148, 154-5, 162, 181, 194 Lublin Committee, 148 Lublin-Brest Offensive, 139 Lubyanka, NKVD headquarters, 149 Lwów, 47, 51-2, 75, 101, 106, 116, 125, 146, 171 Maczków, General Stanisław, 171 Main Camp Administration see Gulag Main Department of Race and Settlement, 62 Main Economic and Administration Office, 124 Main Welfare Office for Ethnic Germans, 62 Marciniak, Florian, 77 Mayski, Ivan, 98, 136 Mazowiecki, Prime Minister Tadeusz, 192 Medvedev, Komdiv Nikifor, 31 Meisinger, SS-Standartenfiihrer Josef, 96, 110 Melmer bank account, 124 Mickiewicz, Adam, 187 Middle East Command, British, 89 Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 82-3, 148, 154-5 Ministry of Culture, 180 Ministry of Education, 181 Ministry of Internal Affairs, 180 Ministry of Public Security, 27, 81, 166,179 Military Council of National Salvation,
190-1 Military Organisation Union (partisans), 79 Minorities Treaty, 15-16 Minsk, 6, 115, 135 Mława, 29, 32, 47 Młot-Fijałkowski, General Czesław, 31
Index 205 Młynarski, Feliks, 93-4 Mobile Protection Teams, 67 Moczulski, Leszek, 192 Modlin Fortress, 47-50, 52 Molotov, Vyacheslav, 20, 39-40, 53,55 Moltke, Hans-Adolf von, 19 Monowitz, 129 Monte Cassino, Italy, 89, 196 Mościcki, Ignacy, 7, 12, 53, 81 Midler, SS-Obersturmbannführer Bruno, 96 Munich Agreement, 11-12, 18 Niesse River, 169 Night of Broken Glass see Kristallnacht NKVD, 15, 20, 71-3, 76, 83, 98, 113, 116,135,141,148,156, 159,161-2,165-6,170, 176-7,179,181 NKVD Prison Massacres, 74 NKVD’s Prisoner Affairs Administration, 97 Nowogródek, 115 Nuremburg Laws, 11, 105 Nuremberg trials, 62, 123 Narew River, 31-2, 47 Narutowicz, Gabriel, 6 Narvik, Norway, 84 National Alliance (partisans), 79 National Armed Forces (partisans), 161-2 National Liberation Committee, 148, 154, 158, 165 National Military Organisation (partisans), 79, 146, 162 National Party (partisans), 79 National Radical Camp ABC (partisans), 79 National Radical Camp Falanga (partisans), 79 National Unity Council, 83, 154-5 Natolin Group, 186 neighbours, dealing with, 3-6 Neurath, Foreign Minister Konstantin von, 13, 16-17 Newall, Air Chief Marshal Cyril, 85 Nicholas, Grand Duke of Russia, 1 NIE, 149-50 Niepokólczycki, Major Franciszek, 76 Ochab, Edward, 185 Oder River, 137, 139, 169 Oder Quadrilateral, 32, 49 Okulicki, General Leopold, 149, 156,158 Olszewski, Jan, 192 Olszyna-Wilczyński, General Józef, 32, 54-5 operations, military Barbarossa, 54, 60, 69, 73-4, 76, 81,89, 98, 113 Dawn Gate, 145 Grapeshot (Italian campaign), 89 Harvest Festival, 102, 113, 127 Heads (Home Army assassinations), 61-2, 159-60
Himmler, 45 Hurricane (anti-partisan campaign), 146 Market Garden (Dutch campaign), 88 N (Home Army propaganda), 157 Olive (Italian campaign), 89 Peking (Polish Navy), 34, 38, 46, 87
206 Poland’s Struggle Reinhard (Jewish Holocaust), 120-30 Revenge (Warsaw Uprising), 146 Rurka (Polish Navy), 46 Tannenberg (pre-war anti-Polish activities), 38, 48, 67 Tempest (Home Army uprising), 140,147, 149,155-6,163 Vistula (post-war population exchanges), 169 Werewolf (Zamość district deportations), 162 Whirlwind (German reaction to the Warsaw uprising), 163 Operational Groups see Einsatzgruppen Order Police, German, 61, 67-9, 96,106, 113, 115-16 Ordonówna, Hanka, 76 Ordnungspolizei see Order Police Orlik-Rueckemann, General Wilhelm, 54 Osóbka-Morawski, Edward, 148 Ost-Fälle see East Cases, 63, 94 Pacts Polish-British Common Defence, 19, 38,41,55 Ribbentrop-Molotov, 12, 30, 36-7, 39-40, 71, 94 Paderewski, Ignacy, 2-3 Palestine, 89 Papen, Franz von, 16 Patriotic Movement for National Regeneration, 190 PAX Association, 180 Pavlov, General Dmitry, 135 Peasant Battalions (partisans), 161 People’s Army (partisans), 146, 148, 161,179 People’s Army of Poland, 161 People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs see NKVD People’s Guard (partisans), 118, 161-2 People’s List, 62, 69 People’s Militia, 67, 116 Perestroika, 191 Pétain, Marshal Philippe, 84 Petliura, Symon, 4 Piasecki, Bolesław, 180 Pilecki, Captain Witold, 78-9, 117 Piłsudski, Józef, 1-2, 4—8, 12-13 Pińsk Marshes, 34, 48 Piotrków, 50, 107 Piskor, General Tadeusz, 33, 51 Piwnik, Jan, 77 Plan East, Polish, 31 Plan West, Polish, 31-2 Plechavičius, Povilas, 158 Plough City, 162 Poincaré, President Raymond, 2 Poland’s Fighting Camp (partisans), 161 Polish Legions, 1 Polish Armed Forces in France, 83-5 Polish Air Force in
Poland, 33, 56 in France, 84—5 with Britain, 85-7, 144, 172 with Soviets, 138-9 Polish Army (1939) Bielsko Group, 32, 51 Grodno Group, 32, 54, 146 Kraków Army, 32, 51 Łódź Army, 32, 49-50 Lublin Army, 33, 51
Index Modlin Army, 32, 47 Narew Group, 31, 47 Piotrków Group, 49 Polesie Group, 47, 50, 54 Pomorze Army, 32, 47-9 Prusy Army, 32-3, 50-1 Silesia Group, 32, 51 Southern Group, 33 Polish Army (with Western Allies) I Polish Corps, 87-9 I Polish Armoured-Mechanised Corps, 88 II Polish Corps, 89 1st Armoured Division (Polish), 88 1st Parachute Brigade, 88 Polish Armed Forces (with the Soviets) Army Air Force Command, 139 People’s Air Force, 138-9 People’s Army, 133, 136-7 Second Army, 138 Polish camps (Polenlager), 61, 97, 99 Polish Central Relief Committee, 2 Polish Committee of National Liberation, 148, 165 Polish Communist Party, 15 Polish Community in Britain, 171-2 Polish Corridor, 3, 6, 8, 13, 18-20, 29, 32, 37,41, 46-8 Polish Enclave in Germany, 170-1 Polish Navy in Poland, 33—4, 38, 46 sailing from England, 87 Polish parliament see Sejm Polish Patriots’ Union, 147 Polish People’s Republic, 166 Polish Regency Council, 2 Polish Resettlement Corps, 172 207 Polish Secret Police (UB), 101, 165-6, 179-82,185 Polish Security Service, 180, 182, 185-6 Polish Victory Service, 75, 79 Polish Workers’ Party, 148 Political Consultative Committee, 75, 82,153 Polynin, Major General Teodor, 139 Pomeranian Wall, 137 Pope John Paul II, 96, 154, 188, 191 Population Policy and Racial Welfare Office, 15 Posen Reich District, 59 Potsdam Conference, 168-9, 171 Poznań, 3, 30,32,124, 137,185 Pripyat marshes, 31, 135 Pripyat River, 34 prisons, Warsaw, 70 Protestant United Evangelical Church, 92 Provisional Government of National Unity, 82, 149, 155 Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland,
148-9 Prussia Reich District, 59 Przemyśl fortress, 51, 54, 146 Public Security Ministry, 17, 165 Pużak, Kazimierz, 154 Raczkiewicz, Władysław, 81 Raczyński, Count Edward, 117 Radkiewicz, General Stanisław, 179 Radio Kosciuszko (Home Army), 141 Radom, 50, 61, 109, 111, 126, 137 Raeder, Admiral Erich, 16 Rampart Union (partisans), 79, 161 Ravenna, Italy, 89 Reagan, President Ronald, 190
208 Poland’s Struggle Recovered Territories, 169-70 Red Army advance across Poland 1944-5, 135-40, 148-9, 158, 163 attacks Poland in 1920, 5-6 barbaric behaviour in captured territories, 167-8, 176 Barbarossa, Operation, 134-5 conscripts Poles, 73 deports Poles, 73 discovers the Holocaust, 108-109, 112, 126-7, 130 invades Poland in 1939, 48, 52-6, 71-2 invades Hungary in 1956, 186 Katyń massacre, 82, 97-9 negotiating with Nazi Germany, 63,97 Northern Group of Forces, 176-7,179 order of battle, 1939, 31 refuses help for Warsaw Uprising, 83, 143-5 removes everything from Poland, 177 suppression of Home Army, 83, 141, 145-6,156, 165 threatens Poland in 1938, 18 withdrawal from Poland in 1956, 186 Reich Credit Offices, 93 Reichdeutsche, 69 Reich Department Ostland, 60 Reich Department Ukraine, 60 Reich Ministry of Economics, 124 Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories, 64 Reich Security Main Office, 63 Reichenau, General Walter von, 30, 50 Reinefarth, SS-Gruppenfiihrer Heinz, 142 Rejewski, Marian, 24—7 relations with France, 14 relations with Germany, 13-14 religious discrimination, 92 Reprisal Union, 76, 78 resistance groups, early, 75 Retaliation Union, 76, 157, 159 Reynaud, Prime Minister Paul, 84 Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 17-18, 37, 40-2 Rohr, SS-Brigadeführer Günter, 142-3 Rokossovsky, Marshal Konstantin, 179,186 Rola-Zymierski, General Michał, 161 Roman Sawickibegan, 54 Romania, 7, 12-13, 19, 26, 38, 47, 50, 54, 56, 84, 97, 133, 191 Romanian Bridgehead, 53—4 Romanov dynasty, 1 Rommel, General Juliusz, 32, 50, 52-3 Roosevelt, President Franklin D, 83, 117, 154,
171, 175 round-ups, 95-9 Rowecki, Colonel Stefan, 75-6, 139-40, 156 Różycki, Jerzy, 24, 26 Rudenko, General Roman, 99 Rumkowski, Chaim, 108 Rundstedt, Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von, 29-30, 49, 52, 59 Russian Empire, 2 Russian National Liberation Army, 142
Index Rydz-Śmigły, General Edward, 12, 31-3, 38-9, 50,53 Rzepecki, Colonel Jan, 150 Sabotage and the Diversion Directorate, 158 Sammern-Frankenegg, SS and Police Chief Ferdinand von, 110,118 San River, 39, 54, 169 Sandwith, Commander Humphrey, 25 Sanojca, Colonel Antoni, 149 Sapieha, Cardinal Adam, 147, 154 Sapieha, Count Eustachy, 7 Saybusch County, 97 Schindler s List (Film), 111 Schindler, Oskar, 111-12, 193-4 Schulenburg, Friedrich Werner von der, 53 Schuschnigg, Kurt von, 16-17 Schweinberger, Oberscharführer Horst, 114 Scouting and Guides Association, 182 Second Republic, Poland’s, З Security Police, 67, 70, 141 Secret Polish Army (partisans), 78 Secret State Police see Gestapo Secret Teaching Organisation, 93, 154 Security Office, 45, 67-8 Sejm, 2, 191 Selbstschutz see Self-Protection units Self-Protection units, 38, 69 Serov, Ivan, 148-9, 179 Seyss-Inquart, Arthur, 17, 59 Shelepin, Alexander, 99 209 Sicherheitsdienst see Security Office Sicherheitspolizei see Security Police Sikor ski-May ski Agreement, 73 Sikorski, General Franciszek, 52 Silent Unseen, 77-8, 85, 159-61 Silesia, 3-4, 6, 32, 45,51,69, 97, 99,112,137 Upper, 4, 60, 62 uprising, 3-4 Skladkowski, Prime Minister Felicjan, 53 Skwarczyński, General Stanisław, 33 Sławek, Prime Minister Walery, 12 slave labour force, 99-100 Slovak Republic, 20 Small Plan (resettlement of Poles), 64 Smoleńska, Anna, 77 Smoleński, Piotr, 26 Solidarity, 99, 147, 155, 189-92 Solidarność see Solidarity Sonder-Fälle see Special Cases Sonderkommando, 101, 116, 122—6, 129 Soprunenko, Major General Piotr, 98 Sosabowski, Major General
Stanisław, 88 Sosnkowski, General Kazimierz, 52, 75, 141, 149 Sovetnikov, Komdiv Ivan, 31 Soviet Air Force, 134-5, 144, 161 Soviet Army see Red Army Soviet Interior Ministry, 176 Soviet Union attacked by Germany, 63, 134 attacks Poland 1920, 3, 5—6 deporting Poles, 15, 73 disputes with Japan, 30, 53
210 Poland’s Struggle establishing borders, 6 ethnic cleansing, 166, 168-70, 176,186 gaining the Kresy, 169, 171, 176 interfering in Polish politics, 148 invades Poland, 12, 53-5 Great Purge, 15 occupies Poland, 72 Politburo, 179 power struggle, 8 prisoners of war, treatment of, 73, 82, 165 relations with Hungary, 186 relations with Poland, pre-war, 20 relations with Poland, post war, 186, 188, 190-2 relations with the Governmentin-Exile, 81-3, 89, 134, 147 reparations from Poland, 175, 177 Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, 12, 41 secret police see NKVD Treaty of Berlin, 8 Treaty of Riga, 15 treaty with Poland, 13 Spas-Demensk offensive, 136 Special Action 1005, 125 Special Action Hungary, 129 Special Action Krakau, 71 Special Cases {Sonder-Fälle), 63, 70, 94 Special Investigation Book, 68 Special Operations Executive, British, 78 Special Prosecution Book, 38, 95 Sporrenberg, SS-Gruppenführer Jakob, 127 Stahel, General Rainer, 141 Stalin, General Josef, 7-8, 11-13, 15, 20, 39, 73, 82-3, 89, 98-9, 134, 136, 143-4, 148-9, 154-5, 168, 171, 175, 181,185 Stalin Line, 135 Stalingrad, 65, 135-6, 139, 143 Stalinism, 147 Stalinists, Polish, 186 Stalingrad, 64, 135-6, 139, 143 Stangi, SS-Hauptsturmführer Franz, 126 Stankiewicz, Commander Roman, 38 Starzyński, Commissar Stefan, 50 State National Council, 83, 148, 154, 161 State Security Corps, 153 Streibel, SS֊Hauptsturmfiihrer Karl, 122 Strengthening the German Race in Occupied Territories, 62 Stroop, SS-Brigadefiihrer Jürgen, 118 Struggle for Polish Independence, 85 Strzyżewski, Tomasz, 180 Sudetenland, 11, 13, 17, 112 Sue Ryder Foundation,
172 Supreme Council, 2, 6 Surmacki, Władysław, 78-9 Suwałki Agreement, 4 Światło, Lieutenant Colonel Józef, 179 Świerczewski, General Karol, 138,170 Świrski, Chief of StaffVice-Admiral Jerzy, 33 Sym, Igo, 76 Szczecin, 187, 189 Szylling, General Antoni, 32, 51
Index Т4 euthanasia programme, 68, 121-2, 125 Tabisz, Stanisław, 153 Tadeusz Kościuszko Division, 136-7 Tatra Mountains, 30, 32, 51 TASS, Soviet press agency, 189 Tehran Conference, 154, 169 Temporary Government in Poland, 154-5 Teschen, 13, 20 Tesmer, SS-Standartenführer Hans-Joachim, 68 Third Republic of Poland, 192 Thommée, General Wiktor, 49 Timoshenko, Komandarm Semyon, 31 Todt, Organisation, 85 Tomaszów Lubelski, 47, 51 Tomaszów Mazowiecki, 50-1, 109 Trawniki camp, 101, 122, 127 Treaties, Brest-Litovsk, 2, 5 Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation, 72 Riga, 6 Versailles, 3, 8, 15, 55 Warsaw, 4 Trial of the Sixteen, 83, 156, 171 Troger, SS-Sturmbannführer Rudolf, 38 Tsarist Russia, 1 Tukhachevsky, General Mikhail, 6 Tulenev, Komandarm Ivan, 31 Turing, Alan, 26 Ukraine, 3, 6, 60, 67, 72, 101, 122, 134,148,169,176 211 Ukrainians, 3, 5, 7, 15-16, 31, 53, 63,67, 72, 74,116, 162-3, 166, 169-71,175 Ukrainian Committees, 63 Ukrainian Front, 30, 135, 138 Ukrainian Insurgent Army, 162,170 Ukrainian Nationalist Organisation, 162 Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, 15, 170 Ulrikh, Lieutenant General Vasili, 149 United Evangelical Church, 92 United Nations Security Council, 165 United Partisan Organisation, 114 Unrug, Counter-Admiral Józef, 33, 38, 46 Vengeance (partisans), 77 Vengeance Weapons, V-l andV֊2 Rockets, 157 Vilna, 4, 6, 114 Vistula, Miracle on the, 6 Vistula-Oder offensive, 137 Volksdeutsche see German People Volksliste see People’s List Vollard-Bockelberg, General Alfred von, 59 Volunteer Reserve Militia, 187 Voroshilov, Kliment, 40 Voykov, Pytor, 8 YMCA, 182 Youth
Union, 182 Wachlarz see Fan Wagner, Josef, 60
212 Poland’s Struggle Walentynowicz, Anna, 189 Wałęsa, Lech, 155, 189, 191 Wall Street Crash, 8 Wannsee conference, 121, 128 Warsaw destruction of, 145 ghetto uprising, 117-18, 161 siege of, 52-3 Warsaw Horne Army Corps, 143 Warsaw Uprising, 140—4 Explosion Hour, 141 German attacks, 142-3 Lack of Assistance, 144—5 post-war memories, 147 Wartheland Reich District, 59, 97 Warzok, SS֊Hauptsturmfiihrer Friedrich, 101 Wehrmacht Army Norway, 134 Army Groups North, 30, 46, 134, 135 Centre, 98, 134, 135, 137 South, 30, 49, 134, 135 Weiss, SS-Obersturmbannführer Martin, 127 Welchman, Gordon, 27 Welfare Office for Ethnic Germans, 16, 62-3 West Prussia, 3, 18, 29-30, 32, 45, 48, 59 West Prussia Reich District, 59 Westerplatte, 34, 45-6 Western Betrayal, 171 Wilhelm, Kaiser of Germany, 1 Wilson, President Woodrow, 1-3, 8 Wirth, SS-Sturmbannführer Christian, 113, 122, 125, 127 Witos, Wincenty, 6 Wlodarkiewicz, Lieutenant Colonel Jan, 76, 78 Wojciechowski, Stanisław, 6-7 Wojtyla, Karol see Pope John Paul II Wood, Earl of Halifax, Edward, 55 World War I see First World War Wroclaw see Breslau Wysocki, Ambassador Alfred, 13 Wyszyński, Cardinal Stefan, 181 Yalta Conference, 83, 149, 155, 171 Yugoslavia, 7, 13, 133 Zakharki, Komkor Ivan, 31 Zawadzki, Tadeusz, 77, 78 Zawiszas (child partisans), 77 Zdrojewski, Colonel Daniel, 85 Zegota see Jewish Relief Council Zhukov, Marshal Georgy, 137 Zientarski, Colonel Jan, 146 Zygalski, Henryk, 24—7 Zyklon В, 126, 129 Żywiec County see Saybusch County Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1112139925 (DE-599)BVBBV045898342 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1918-1991 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1918-1991 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV045898342 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-24T07:31:00Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781526743923 |
| language | English |
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| physical | viii, 212 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts |
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| publisher | Pen & Sword Military |
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| spellingShingle | Rawson, Andrew Poland's struggle before, during and after the Second World War |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Poland's struggle before, during and after the Second World War |
| title_auth | Poland's struggle before, during and after the Second World War |
| title_exact_search | Poland's struggle before, during and after the Second World War |
| title_full | Poland's struggle before, during and after the Second World War Andrew Rawson |
| title_fullStr | Poland's struggle before, during and after the Second World War Andrew Rawson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Poland's struggle before, during and after the Second World War Andrew Rawson |
| title_short | Poland's struggle |
| title_sort | poland s struggle before during and after the second world war |
| title_sub | before, during and after the Second World War |
| topic_facet | Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031281218&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031281218&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031281218&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rawsonandrew polandsstrugglebeforeduringandafterthesecondworldwar |