Foreign policies of the CIS states a comprehensive reference
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Boulder ; London
Lynne Rienner Publishers
2019
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Foreign policies of the CIS states |b a comprehensive reference |c edited by Denis Degterev ; Konstantin Kurylev |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boulder ; London |b Lynne Rienner Publishers |c 2019 | |
| 300 | |a ix, 515 Seiten |b Karte, Diagramme | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Preface vii 1 Integration Processes in the Commonwealth of Independent States 1 2 Republic of Armenia 43 3 Republic of Azerbaijan 81 4 Republic of Belarus 105 5 Republic of Kazakhstan 141 6 Kyrgyz Republic 193 7 Republic of Moldova 227 8 Russian Federation 259 9 Republic of Tajikistan 297 10 Turkmenistan 333 11 369 Ukraine 12 Republic of Uzbekistan 411 Appendixes 1 Basic Documents of the Commonwealth of Independent States 456 2 Basic Documents of the Collective Security Treaty Organization 460 3 Basic Documents of the Eurasian Economic Commission, Customs Union, Eurasian Economic Space, and Eurasian Economic Union 463 v
vi Contents 4 Participants of the CIS Network University 466 5 Agreements on Joint Education on Postgraduate (Master’s) Programs in the CIS Network University 467 6 Doctrinal Documents of the CIS Countries 469 7 Membership in International Organizations (Defense, Security, Politics) 471 8 Membership in International Organizations (Economy, Religion, Culture) 471 9 The Closeness of Positions of CIS Member States in Terms of Roll-Call Voting in the UN General Assembly (47th-70th Sessions) to the Positions of Other CIS States and G20 States 472 10 Statements by Representatives of CIS Member States on the General Debate of the 64th-71st Sessions of the UN General Assembly 474 11 Network of Diplomatic Missions of CIS Member States Abroad 475 12 Bilateral Cooperation of CIS Countries and Neighboring Countries: Basic Agreements 478 13 Trade and Economic Relations of CIS States in 2016 479 The Contributors Index About the Book 481 489 517
Index Aga Khan, Karim IV, 330 Aga Khan Development Network, 330; Foundation, 330 Agreement concerning disposition of highly enriched uranium extracted from nuclear weapons, 275 Agreement on cooperation in physical culture and sports of CIS, 37 Agreement on Customs Union, 8, 463 Agreement on establishment of CIS: signing, 1 ; Moldova ratified, 234; Russian clauses in, 261; Ukraine and, 385 Agreement on peacekeeping activities of CSTO, 461 Agreement on “small-scale cross-border movement,” 125 agriculture: Russia-Kazakhstan cooperation in, 19; in Armenia, 45, 59; in Azerbaijan, 83, 96; in Belarus, 109, 122, 129, 131; in Kazakhstan, 143, 159; in Moldova, 232, 248, 255; in Russia, 284; in Tajikistan, 299, 317, 328-330; in Turkmenistan, 333, 336338, 357-358; in Uzbekistan, 413, 440,446,451-453 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 285 Ahmadzai, Hashmat Ghani, 364 Airbus Defense and Space, 340 air-cushioned landing ships (Landing Craft Air Cushion, LCAC), 407 Akayev, Askar: Silk Road Diplomacy, 201; resign, 203; delimitation of Kyrgyz-Chinese border, 207; visits to Tajikistan, 320 Aktobemunaigas, 163, 177 Albright, Madeleine, 94 Abai, 178 Abdyldayev, Erlan, 474 Abkhazia: Armenian neutrality on, 75; Russian military presence in, 261; independence of, 277 Academy of Armed Forces of Uzbekistan, 415 Academy of Management under president of Belarus, 119 academy of sciences: of USSR, 34; of Tajikistan, 34; National (Belarus), 111 ; Moldova’s, 242; Russian, 262, 270; of Uzbekistan, 444 Active Endeavor operation, 373, 398 Afghanistan (conflict): Armenian peacekeepers in, 48, 69; Azerbaijan peacekeepers
in, 98; drug trafficking from, 154; Kazakhstan in defending borders, 170-171; Kazakhstan in peacebuilding, 184-185, 188-189; Kyrgyzstan in transit of goods for anti-terrorist coalition, 204,211 ; Kyrgyzstan in negotiations on, 216; historical error, 263; helping Northern alliance, 277; US-Russia cooperation in, 278; Tajik border with, 297; Tajikistan in peacebuilding, 302; Taliban movement in, 312; Russia in defending borders, 314; EU-Tajikistan cooperation in, 319; Turkmenistan border with, 334; Turkmenistan in negotiations on, 350; political risks in, 364; Ukrainian peacekeepers in, 373; Uzbekistan border with, 411 ; Uzbekistan in negotiations on, 419420, 424-425, 428^130, 441^142, 444—445 489
490 Index Aleinik, Sergei, 474 Alexander the Good Military Academy, 233 Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 189 Aliyev, Heydar, 88 Aliyev, Ilham: Nagorno-Karabakh, 88; decree of, 91; UN General Debate, 474 Alma-Ata Declaration, 2 Alma-Ata Protocol, 248-249,456 Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Combine, 413 al-Qaeda, 153 Alrosa, 288 aluminum: in Armenia, 61; in Azerbaijan, 82; in Tajikistan, 300, 319, 323, 327; in Uzbekistan, 414 Amerada Hess (Hess Corporation), 101 American Armenians, 58 American University of Central Asia (former American University of Kyrgyzstan), 211 Amkodor, 136 Amoco, 100 Analytical Center under presidential administration of Belarus, 119 Ansari, Mohammad, 364 anti-ballistic missile systems, 276-278 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 1972,276 Anti-Corruption National Center, 242 antidumping: Armenia in EAEU, 62; Tajikistan and WTO, 331 ; EU legislation on, 391; agreement on, 465 anti-Russian: geopolitical concept, 271; rhetoric, 380; political line, 403 Anti-Terrorism Center of Kazakhstan, 153 Anzob mining and milling plant, 300 Arab Spring, 283 Arab-Israeli conflict, 283-284 Aral Sea problem: Kazakhstan and, 146159; Uzbekistan and, 419,424, 441—442 Aram Khachaturian International Competition, 37 Ararat: plain, 44; trademark, 73 Arctic: resources in, 260; Russian State Policy in, 269; oil and gas production in, 291 Armani, 232 Armėnai, 61 Armenian Apostolic Church, 44 Armenian National Movement (ANM), 50 ArmenTel, 62 ArmRosgazprom, 61 Arystanbekova, Akmaral, 180-181 ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations): and EAEU, 19-20; and Belarus, 134; and
Kyrgyzstan, 213; and Uzbekistan, 445 Ashuluk shooting range, 302 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC): Belarus and, 133; Russia and, 270, 280, 286 Asia Pacific Roundtable (APR), 143 Asian Cooperation Dialogue, 306 Asian Development Bank (ADB): Kazakhstan and, 144, 160-161; Kyrgyzstan and, 215, 222-223; Moldova and, 257; Tajikistan and, 323, 329; Turkmenistan and, 363-364, 367; Uzbekistan and, 426, 453; membership in, 471 Asian Development Fund, 454 Asian Forum of Parliamentarians for Population and Development, 149 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB): Kazakhstan and, 160-161; membership in, 471 Asian Parliamentary Assembly, 149 Asian Sugar, 210 Aslov, Sirodjidin, 317 Assad, Bashar, 284 Association for Study of Art and History of Timurid Age, 433 Association of Caribbean States (ACS, AEC), 286 Association of National Information Agencies (ANIA), 33 Ataeva, Aksoltan, 474 Atambayev, Almazbek: national sustainable development strategy, 205; visit to Moscow, 208; visit to Kazakhstan, 210; meeting with I. Karimov, 210; visit to Turkmenistan, 211; visit to EU, 212; meeting with L. Zannier, 212; visits to China, Japan and South Korea, 213; meeting with N. Modi, 214; meeting with N. Sharif, 214; visit to Iran, 214; cooperation with Muslim world, 215; meeting with E. Rahmon, 320 Atasu-Alashankou pipeline, 163, 177 ATF Bank, 170 Atomstroyexport: in Belarus, 110; in Iran, 284 Atyrau-Samara pipeline, 19, 162 Austin, Lloyd, III, 318 Australian Agency for International Development (AUSAID), 325
Index Austria-Hungary, 369 Avicenna-France Association, 433 Azarov, Mykolą, 393 Aznavour, Charles, 73 Azov Sea: Russian borders, 259; access to, 369; borders in, 380 Azovstal, 370 Badawi, Ahmad, 437 Bagratyan, Hrant, 51 Baikonur Antiterror-2007 exercises, 154 Baikonur complex, 167 Baiterek space launch complex, 19, 167 Baker, James: visits to Tajikistan, 303, 317 Bakiyev, Kurmanbek, 320 Baku Slavic University: in Baku, 90; in CIS NU, 466 Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline: Azerbaijan and Georgia, 91 ; construction of, 101; Kazakhstan and, 163,179 Balassa, Béla, 8 Balkan velayat, 172, 335 Baltic Pipeline System, 272-273 Ban Ki-moon: visit to Kazakhstan, 182; visit to Uzbekistan, 442Barroso, José Manuel: meeting with E. Rahmon, 319; visit to Ashgabat, 363 Bashir, Omar, 138 Bashneft, 283 Bazhanov, Evgeniy, viii Beijing Foreign Studies University, 434 Belarus Democracy Act, 130 Belarusian automobile plant (Zhodzina), 109 Belarusian High-Tech Park, 131 Belarusian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information and Predictive Modeling, 119 Belarusian Music Autumn International Festival, 36 Belarusian Optic and Mechanic Association, 136 Belarusian Patriarchate, 108 Belarusian Potash Company, 136 Belamsian Soviet Socialist Republic, 111 Belarusian State University, 119-120 Belaruskali, 109 Belavezha Accords: signed, 1~2; defense issues, 20 BelAZ, 136 BelTechExport, 136 Beltransgaz, 123 Benetton, 232 491 Berdimuhamedow, Gurbanguly: visit to Bishkek, 211; visits to Tajikistan, 322; demographic statistics, 334; on foreign policy, 344; political system, 346; prime minister, 348;
continuity of foreign policy, 349; on UN role, 349; on neutral status, 350; Center for Preventive Diplomacy, 350-351; cooperation with Russia, 352; cooperation with China, 354; reforms by, 357; UN GA resolution, 359; TAPI Gas Pipeline, 364; UN General Debate, 474 Biden, Joe, 395-396 Big Eurasia, 152 Big Treaty (Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership Between Ukraine and Russia) 1997, 386 Bishkek Higher Military School, 199 Bishkek Protocol, 56, 217 Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), Organization of: cooperation of Armenia with, 70, 76-77; cooperation of Azerbaijan with, 91 ; cooperation of Belarus with, 133; cooperation with Moldova, 246, 253, 255-257; participation of Ukraine in, 379, 381; membership in, 471 Black Sea Fleet: stationed in Ukraine, 372; temporary presence of, 380; stams of, 386, 388,401; period of stationing, 403 Bokhanovsky, Leonid, 283 Bolivarian Alliance for Peoples of Our America (ALBA), 286 Bolshoi Theater: former director of, 29; in Latin America, 287 Bongo, Omar, 288 Border Troops Group of Russian Federation in Tajikistan, 314 Bouygues, Pierre, 358 BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China), 280 BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa): Kazakhstan and, 175; Russia and, 267, 270,280,286; Ukraine and, 376 British Council, 431 British Petroleum (BP): in Azerbaijan, 100-101; estimates of, 157, 336-337; share in Rosneft, 291 British Raj, 297 BTABank, 170 Burkhalter, Didier, 212 Bush, George H. W., 275 Bush, George W.: meeting with V. Putin, 276; cooperation with Ukraine, 395
492 Index Bushehr nuclear power plant, 284 Byblos, 232 Cahors, 232 Calik, Ahmet, 358 Calvin Klein, 232 Camp David Declaration on US-Russia relations, 275 Canada Eurasia Russia Business Association (CERBA), 430 Capital of Islamic Culture, 98 Capitals of Culture project, 35-36 CARICOM (Caribbean Community), 286 Carpathian Euroregion, 379 Carpineni, 232 Caspian Antiterror-2005 exercises, 154 Caspian Five (Iran, Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan), 158, 172 Caspian Pipeline Consortium, 19, 162 Caspian Sea: Russo-Kazakhstan joint oil production, 19; Armenia and, 76; Azerbaijan and, 81, 100; status of (position of Azerbaijan), 88-89; Kazakhstan on stability pact on, 144; Kazakhstan and, 146, 163, 172, 177, 179, 188; status of (position of Kazakhstan), 156-158; Moldova and, 256; and Russia, 259; and Turkmenistan, 333-336, 340-341, 345, 352-353, 363 Caspian Summit: Kazakhstan at, 158; Russia at, 285 Cekuta, Robert, 95 census: in Azerbaijan, 82; in Belarus, 107-108; in Moldova, 228; in Turkmenistan, 334; in Ukraine, 371 Center of Foreign Policy and Security Studies, 120 Center of Strategic and Foreign Policy Studies, 120 Central American Integration System, 286 Central Asia plus US (C5 + 1): Kazakhstan in, 180; Tajikistan in, 317 Central Asia Trade and Investment Framework Agreement, 318 Central Asia-Center gas pipeline: history, 360; Kazakhstan and, 162, 173; Turkmenistan and, 359-362; explosion on, 361 Central Asia-China (Trans-Asian, Turkmenistan-China) gas pipeline: Tajik section of, 316; construction of, 354, 362, 364-365 Central Asian Bank of Reconstruction and
Development, 168 Central Asian Common Market (CACM), 445 Central Asian Development Bank, 160 Central Asian Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone (CANWFZ), 216,441 Central Asia-South Asia power project (CASA-1000), 325 Central Bank: of Armenia, 61; of Uzbekistan, 452 Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA): 249, 253 Central European Initiative (CEI): Belarus in, 117; Moldova in, 237; Ukraine in, 379, 381 Centrasbat-97 exercises, 182 Chamber of Commerce and Industry: of Kyrgyzstan, 222; of Moldova, 253 Champagne, 232 Charter of Paris for a New Europe 1990 (Paris Charter), 200 Charter of Ukrainian-American Partnership, Friendship, and Cooperation 1994, 394 Charter on Democratic Partnership Between Kazakhstan and US 1994, 179 Chasnouski, Myechyslaw, 105-106 Chavez, Hugo, 137 Chebarkul firing range, 25 checkpoint: Armenia-Turkey, 76; Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan, 169; ChinaKazakhstan-Turkmenistan-Iran, 173; China-Kazakhstan, 175; ChinaTajikistan, 316; Uzbekistan-Tajikistan, 321 Chernobyl, 108, 112, 132 Chernomyrdin, Victor: Armenia-Russia relations, 51; gas negotiations, 402 Chevrolet, 414 Chevron, 163 China National Complete Engineering Corporation (former China Machinery Complete Equipment Engineering Corporation), 407 China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC): in Kazakhstan, 163, 177; contract with Gazprom, 281; in Turkmenistan, 353-354, 364-365; in Uzbekistan, 412 China-Belarus Industrial Park (Great Stone), 135 Chinese East-West gas pipeline, 281 Chinese Research Center of Uzbekistan, 434 Chinese State Nuclear Corporation, 177 Chirac, Jacques: 57
Index Chirag-1 platform, 101 Chirchiq Higher Tank Command and Engineering School, 415 Chudinov, Igor, 474 Chumachenko, Kateryna, 374 Churkin, Vitaly, 474 Chuy Valley, 154 CICA (Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia): establishment of, 141, 181, 185-186; Kazakhstan in, 143-144, 153; Russian support of, 166; fourth summit of, 175; Tajikistan in, 306; membership in, 371 CICA Catalogue of Confidence-Building Measures, 185-186 CICA Charter (Almaty Act), 185 CICA Rules of Procedure, 185 CICA Secretariat, 186 CICA summit in Istanbul (2010), 186 CICA summit in Almaty (2002, 2006), 185-186 CICA summit in Shanghai (2014), 186 CINADCO (Center for International Agricultural Development Cooperation), 440 CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States): institutionalization process, 1, 3; reform of, 4-5, 263; decision making mechanism of, 3-6; summit of heads of states of, 5-6; documents adopted, 6, 457-459; development prospects, 6-7; economic integration, 7-9; integration failures of, 9; improvement of, 15; military administration bodies of, 21;; militaryindustrial cooperation of, 26-27; bodies of sector-specific cooperation of, 27-28; thematic humanitarian years of, 28; cooperation in education, 29-30; common informational space of, 32-33; cooperation in science, 3334; cooperation in culture, 34-37; cooperation in sports, 37-38; youth cooperation, 39; Armenia in, 44-45, 47,49, 53-54; 59-61, 64; Azerbaijan in, 90-91; 100, 102; Belarus in, 105107, 116, 134; Kazakhstan in, 143, 151, 154, 159, 162, 164, 166, 169, 171, 180, 183, 183; Kyrgyzstan in, 196,
201,202,203,207-210, 215, 218-221, 224; Moldova in, 227-228, 234, 236, 238, 246-252; Russia’s cooperation with, 262, 265, 270-271, 293-294; Tajikistan in, 302, 304, 306, 312-313,320, 322-325; 330; 493 Turkmenistan in, 334, 342, 345, 348, 351, 352; Ukraine in, 369, 378-379, 385-390, 393-394,405; Uzbekistan in, 412, 426-428,445,449 CIS Air Defense Integrated System: Armenia in, 47, 52, 65-66; Tajikistan in, 302 CIS Anti-Terrorism Center: cooperation with, 153; exercises of, 154; branch of, 202 CIS Charter: adopted, viii, 2; amending, 3; article 23 of, 5; ratification of, 234, 248; according to, 249; signing of, 456 CIS Common, educational space of, 29 CIS Conference of Education Ministers of, 29 CIS Congress of Teachers and Educators of, 30 CIS Coordination and Consultative Committee, 4 CIS Council of Defense Ministers: powers, 4; establishment, 20 CIS Council of Heads of Governments: powers, 3-4; meetings of, 6; adopted by, 7; resolution of, 26, 32, 33; concluded an agreement, 30; list of principal events by, 35; approval by, 38; set up, 249; decisions of, 457 CIS Council of Heads of States: meeting of, vii; adopted by, 2; powers, 3; meetings of, 4, 6; meeting in Bishkek, 7; meeting in Chisinau, 7; resolution by, 20, 26; decisions of, 23; declares, 30; set up, 249, 261; decisions of, 457 CIS Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, 3-5 CIS Council on Cooperation in Area of Education of, 30-31 CIS Declaration on Humanitarian Cooperation of, 27 CIS Dushanbe summit of, 6 CIS Economic Council, 3-5 CIS Economic Court, 3-4 CIS Executive Committee: acknowledgement to, viii; powers,
3, 5; department of, 28 CIS Executive Secretariat, 6 CIS Further Development Concept, 6 CIS gas and oil market: discounts for Belarus, 123; Russia in 290,291 CIS Headquarters for Coordination of Military Cooperation, 20 CIS Information Technology Coordination Council of, 32
494 Index CIS Interparliamentary Assembly: powers, 3-4; resolution of, 30; model law on culture, 35; Kazakhstan’s Senate members in, 149; Kyrgyzstan’s participation in, 209; Moldova’s participation in, 249 CIS interparliamentary relations, 117, 149 CIS International Innovation Nanotechnology Center in Dubna, 34 CIS Interstate Economic Committee, 4 CIS Interstate Information Pool of, 33 CIS Joint Armed Forces: High Command of, 20-21; commander-in-chief of, 56 CIS Memorandum on Principal Vectors of Integration Development of, 21 CIS MFA Department for: in Armenia, 54; in Belarus, 118; in Ukraine, 385; in Uzbekistan, 423; in Russia (Federal Agency), 268 CIS model law: on cross-border education, 30; on culture, 35 CIS Network University (CIS NU): creation, vii, 30; acknowledgement to, viii; activities, 31 ; Coordination council of, 31; participants of, 466468 CIS Prospective Plan of Integration Development of, 21 CIS Strategy of Economic Development through to 2020, 7 civil war: in Yugoslavia, 1 ; in Tajikistan, 171, 217, 301, 303-304, 312, 318; in Ukraine, 267; in Syria, 278 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), 451^152 Clinton, Bill: visit to Belarus, 130; visit to Ukraine, 394—395; visit to Uzbekistan, 429 Clinton, Hillary: visit to Armenia, 69; US-Belarus relations, 131; meeting with S. Lavrov, 278; visit to Tajikistan, 317 Coca-Cola, 131 Cognac, 232 cold war, 262, 275 Collective Rapid Deployment Forces of the Central Asian region, 24,461 Collective Security Treaty (CST, Tashkent Treaty): signing, 21-22; Minsk session, 23; active cooperation, 24; extraordinary meeting, 24;
Armenia and, 64; Tajikistan and, 312; basic documents, 460-462 Collective Security Treaty Council for Collective Security, 22,23 Collective Security Treaty summit in Moscow 2002,24 color-coded revolutions: Kazakhstan and, 180; Russia and, 270-271 Commission for National Reconciliation, 304 Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE or Helsinki commission): Kazakhstan and, 141, 181; Tajikistan and, 303 Committee for Water Resources under Ministry of Environmental Protection of Kazakhstan, 159 Commonwealth Cup, 38 Communist Party: of Ukraine, 374; AllUnion, 377 complementarism (complementarity approach), 52-54 Concept for Prevention and Settlement of Conflicts in the Territory, 23 Concept of Building Common Information Space of CIS, 32 Concept of Military Cooperation of Member Nations of CIS, 4 Concept of Protecting CIS Borders with Non-Commonwealth Countries, 23 Confhcius Institute: in Kazakhstan, 178; in Tajikistan, 317; in Uzbekistan, 434 Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions, 166 ConocoPhillips, 101 consensus of interested parties, 5 Consortium for Operation of Hydropower Resources of Naryn River, 210 constitution: of Union State, 10; of Armenia, 49, 51; of Azerbaijan, 84֊ 86; of Belams, 114-116; of Kazakhstan, 147-149; of Kyrgyzstan, 199-200,206-207,222; of Moldova, 232-235, 238-240,244, 247; of Russia, 267-268; of Tajikistan, 308309; moral, 335; of Turkmenistan, 341-343, 346, 348; of Ukraine, 378, 382-383, 385; of Uzbekistan, 415417,421 Conté, Lansana, 288 Contract of Century (Azerbaijan): US and, 94, history of, 100-101 Convention on
environmental impact assessment in transboundary context 1991,230 Convention on legal status of Caspian Sea 2018: Azerbaijan and, 89; Kazakhstan and, 157-158 cooperation circles, 203
Index Cooperative Threat Reduction Program, 179 copper: in Armenia, 45, 60; in Azerbaijan, 82; in Kyrgyzstan, 197; in Moldova, 230; in Uzbekistan, 413—414 cotton: in Azerbaijan, 83; and Kazakhstan, 168, 171, 176; in Kyrgyzstan, 217-218; in Tajikistan, 300, 319, 323, 327; in Turkmenistan, 338, 357; in Uzbekistan, 414-415, 449 Council of Baltic Sea States (CBSS): Belarus and, 133; Ukraine and, 379 Council of Europe: Armenia in, 70-72; Azerbaijan in, 88,98; Belarus in, 117, 123, 127, 129; Moldova in, 237, 253; Ukraine in, 379, 381; membership in, 471 Council of Exporters, 400 Council of Foreign Investors, 148 Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON), 446 Council on Foreign and Defense Policy, 270 Council with People, 234 coup d’état in Ukraine: and Russia, 267, 271; MFA of Ukraine after, 385; new prime minister after, 394 Crimea: situation on Ukraine, 267; speech of Putin on, 267; Poroshenko on, 376; meeting in, 401 CSTO (Collective Security Treaty Organization): establishment, 20, 2126, 66; Armenia’s participation in, 48, 52-54, 66-67; Belarus in, 116; Kazakhstan in, 143, 149, 152-154, 166, 199; Kyrgyzstan in, 202-205; Russia in, 265; Tajikistan in, 302, 306, 312-314, 320; Turkmenistan and, 345, 350; basic documents, 460-462; membership in, 471 CSTO Allied Forces of Central Asian Region CSTO Caucasian Allied Forces, 24 CSTO Charter and Agreement on, 24 CSTO Collective Rapid Reaction Forces (CRRF, former Collective Rapid Deployment Force, CRDF): composition, 24; creation, 25; exercises, 25; participation of Armenia, 48; in Kyrgyzstan, 202; and Tajikistan, 302, 312 CSTO
Collective Security Strategy through 2025, 26 495 CSTO Coordinating Council of Heads of Competent Bodies for Countering Drug Trafficking, 155 CSTO Council for collective security, 2526 CSTO Crisis Response Center, 26 CSTO East-European Allied Forces, 24 CSTO Interstate Commission on MilitaryEconomic Cooperation, 26-27 CSTO Parliamentary Assembly, 149 CSTO peacekeeping forces, 67 CSTO Secretariat, 25 CSTO summit in Sochi (2006), 24; Cujba, Alexandru, 474 Culligan, 131 Cupolas of Commonwealth project, 37 customs borders: between Belarus and Russia, 122; between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, 122 Customs Union (Eurasian, EACU): establishment, 12-14, 152, 271, 463465; Supreme Eurasian Economic Council, 13; Eurasian Economic Commission, 13-14; Commission Collegium, 13; Armenia in, 51, 60, 71; Kyrgyzstan in, 205, 209; Ukraine and, 388, 393, 406 Daewoo, 414 Dagomys meeting, 386 Danube Commission, 379 Danube forces, 233 Dauletabad-Sarakhs-Khangiran gas pipeline, 363-363 death-penalty moratorium, 342 Declaration of State Sovereignty (Independence): of Armenia, 51-52; of Belarus, 111; of Kyrgyzstan, 200; of Ukraine, 378 Declaration on Allied Cooperation Between Russian Federation and Republic of Armenia in XXI Century, 65 default, 405 Defense Council (Kyrgyzstan, 20112017), 199 Defense Ministry: of Russia, 20; of Kazakhstan, 188; of Kyrgyzstan, 198199; of Moldova, 239, 241,246; of Tajikistan, 302; of Turkmenistan, 339-340; of Ukraine, 386, 397; of Uzbekistan, 415 Delta, 100 demarcation of borders: of Armenia, 44, 75; Belarus with Lithuania and Latvia,
496 Index 125; of Caspian Sea, 157; Kazakhstan-Turkménistan, 172; Kazakhstan-China, 176; of Kyrgyzstan, 193-194, TajikistanChina, 316; Tajikistan-Kyrgyzstan, 320; of Ukraine, 380, 387; of Uzbekistan, 419 Demirei, Suleyman, 77 Department for International Development (DFID), 325 Dialogue of Civilizations concept, 216 diamonds, 59 Diaspora, Armenian: cooperation with, 49; positions in MFA, 51; network centric nation, 54; MFA Department for, 55; recognition of genocide, 57; in USA, 58; foreign capital, 61; cooperation with, 64; relations with USA, 68; EU-Armenia, 70; in France, 73 Diaspora, Azerbaijani, 102-103 Diaspora, German, 143 Diaspora, Kazakh: in Russia, 166; in CIS, 169; in Turkmenistan, 172; in China, 174 Diaspora, Kyrgyz, 217 Diaspora, Moldovan, 236 Diaspora, Ukrainian, 372, 396, 408^109 Dima Yakovlev Law, 279 Dipkhorizhkhizmat diplomatic service, 423 Diplomacy Institute of Academy of Public Administration under president of Kazakhstan, 150 Diplomacy of Tajikistan newsletter, 311 discount on Russian gas, 388-389,403 Divin, 232 Dnieper Metallurgical Combine, 370 Dniester Pumped Storage Power Station, 230 Dodon, Igor: election of, 250; meeting with V. Putin, 251 Doing Business, 231 Donbass, 376, 389 Donetsk: industrial district, 370; lobby, 374; referendum in, 376; selfproclaimed republic, 389; National University, 466-468 Donor Coordination Council (DCC) of Tajikistan, 329 drip-irrigation system, 357 drug trafficking: CSTO against, 25, 155, 313; GUAM against, 98; Kazakhstan against, 154-155, 170, 186; Kyrgyzstan against, 199, 212; Russia against, 273, 278, 286, 287;
Tajikistan against, 313, 319; Uzbekistan against, 424,428,442,444 dual citizenship: Tajikistan and Russia, 313; Russian-Turkmen agreement on, 352; in Ukrainian legislation, 409 Dung, Nguyen Tan, 436 E-95 route, 227 earthquake: in Armenia, 43, 46, 64, 73; in Tajikistan, 298 Eastern Partnership: Armenia in, 71-72; Azerbaijan in, 93; Belarus in, 127, 129-130; Moldova in, 250; Russia towards, 271; Ukraine in, 392 Eastern Siberia-Pacific Ocean (ESPO) oil pipeline, 292 East-West center, 119 East-West gas pipeline, 361 Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO): Kyrgyzstan in, 203, 210; 214֊ 215; Tajikistan in, 306; membership in, 471 economic diplomacy: of Armenia, 59-63; of Azerbaijan, 99-103; of Belarus: 133-139; of Kazakhstan, 160-163; of Kyrgyzstan, 217-224; of Moldova, 251-257; of Russia, 289-294; of Tajikistan, 326-331; of Turkmenistan, 357-367; of Ukraine, 400-407; of Uzbekistan, 446-454 Elbegdoij, Tsakhiagiin, 213 Electric Networks of Armenia, 62 Emba test site, 167 Emercom, 288 emigration from Ukraine, 371-372 Eni, 101 EPAM Systems, 131 equitable (equal) partnership (relations): in CIS, 2; in Union State, 10; with Belarus, 114; with Turkic states, 164; with Kyrgyzstan, 201; US-Russia, 262; NATO-Russia, 265; ChinaRussia, 279, 281 ; Russian-African relations, 287; with Turkmenistan, 343, 347-349, 359; with Uzbekistan, 416,426; Uzbekistan- Kyrgyzstan, 424 Erasmus Mundus: analogue of, 30-31; Russian students in, 274 ethnic minority: Yazidi in Armenia, 44; Russians in Turkmenistan, 335; Hungarians in Ukraine, 370 EU-Armenia Cooperation Council, 71 EU-Azerbaijan Cooperation
Council, 93 Eurasian Development Bank (EDB): observer in EurAsEC, 11 ; activity of,
Index 17; Kazakhstan in, 144; aid to Kyrgyzstan, 223; membership in, 471 Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC): establishment, 9-13; Belarus in, 116; Kazakhstan in, 143, 152,166; Moldova in, 249, 251; Tajikistan in, 314, 320; agreements on,463-464 Eurasian Economic Community Economic Forum of, 11 Eurasian Economic Community Integration Comity of, 11-12 Eurasian Economic Community Interparliamentary Assembly of, 12 Eurasian Economic Community Interstate Councilor, 11,320 Eurasian Economic Community Observers in, 11, 249 Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU): establishment, 9, 12,14-20; EAEUVietnam, 15, 136; speech ofN. Nazarbaev, 15; principal bodies of, 13, 16-17; 17; negotiations with ASEAN, 19-20; linkage with Silk Road, 19-20; Armenia’s accession to, 50-51, 60, 62-63, 7); Belarus in, 133-134, 136; Kazakhstan in, 152, 166, 190; Kyrgyzstan in, 193,205, 207-209, 215,217-220, 224; Russia in, 265, 270, 288, 289; basic documents of 463^465; membership in, 471 Eurasian Economic Union Commission, Collegium of, 16,18 Eurasian Economic Union Court, 16 Eurasian Economic Union Intergovernmental Council, 16 Eurasian Economic Union Key Vectors of Economic Development through 2030, 17 Eurasian Economic Union Supreme Eurasian Economic Council, 13,17 Eurasian Economic Union Treaty, 14—16 Eurasian Fund for Stabilization and Development (EFSD): activity of, 17 Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation (ENRC), 177 Euraz Holding, 288 Euro-Atlantic Center in Baku, 98 Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC, formerly North Atlantic Cooperation Council, NACC): Armenia in, 68; Belarus in, 132-133;
Kazakhstan in, 187-188; Moldova in, 238; Uzbekistan in, 445 Euromaidan: tensions, 389; Western politicians in, 393; seized power, 403 497 European Atomic Energy Community: Belarus and, 126; Kazakhstan and, 190 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD): Kazakhstan in, 144, 160; Kyrgyzstan in, 215, 223; Moldova in, 253, 257; Tajikistan in, 303, 325, 329; Turkmenistan in, 367; Uzbekistan in, 452; membership in, 471 European choice, 379, 390 European Commission: Armenia and, 71; Azerbaijan and, 93; Belarus and, 127֊ 129; Kazakhstan and, 189; Kyrgyzstan and, 211; Moldova and, 235, 245, 257; Russia and, 272; Tajikistan and, 319; Turkmenistan and, 363; Ukraine and, 404,406 European Council Common Strategy on Ukraine 1999, 391 European Defense Agency: example of, 26 European Energy Charter: cooperation with, 161; sign, 163; chaired, 359; base efforts on, 399 European Games, 99 European market formula, 402 European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), 273 European Neighborhood Policy: Armenia and, 71-73; commissioner for, 72; Azerbaijan and, 94; Belarus and, 126130; Moldova and, 235, 245, 247; Ukraine and, 391; membership in, 471 European Parliament: resolution on Caucasus region, 71; on cooperation with Belarus, 127; member of, 242; on Ukraine, 406 European Research Area, 110 European Union (EU): experience of, 8, 31, 36; depth of integration, 15; in Kontinental Hockey League, 38; cooperation of Armenia with, 46, 5051, 54, 59-61, 63, 69-73; cooperation of Azerbaijan with, 88, 92-94, 100; cooperation of Belarus with, 105, 112, 126-130, 133-134, 136;
cooperation of Kazakhstan with, 143-145, 152, 156, 160, 163, 174, 176, 189-190; cooperation of Kyrgyzstan with, 203, 206,211-212,223; cooperation of Moldova with, 230, 234-235, 237֊ 238,240-242,244-245,247-248, 251-257; cooperation of Russia with, 264, 267,271, 272-274, 276, 284, 290; cooperation of Tajikistan with,
498 Index 306, 318-319, 330; cooperation of Turkmenistan with, 347, 363, 366; cooperation of Ukraine with, 372, 375-377, 379-381, 385, 387-394, 399,404-406, cooperation of Uzbekistan with, 430; association, neighborhood policy, 471 European Union association agreement: Armenia and, 51, 71-72; Azerbaijan and, 93; Belams and, 127; Moldova and, 230, 242, 245, 247,253; Ukraine and, 389, 391-394,405,406; signed, 471 European Union Border Assistance Mission (EUBAM), 245 European Union Border Management Program in Central Asia (BOMCA), 190 European Union Central Asia Dmg Action Program (CADAP), 190 European Union Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), 237 European Union Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), 237 European Union Council: on Azerbaijan, 93; on Belams, 126-129; on Ukraine, 406 European Union Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (EPCA), 190 European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy: and Azerbaijan, 93-94; and Belams, 128-129; and Russia, 272 European Union Partnership and Cooperation Agreement: with Armenia, 78; with Azerbaijan, 92, 94; with Belams, 126-127; with Kazakhstan, 189-190; with Moldova, 234, 247; with Russia, 272; with Tajikistan, 318; with Ukraine, 390391; with Uzbekistan, 430 European Union Third Energy Package, 272 European Union Water Framework Directive, 230 Europol (European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation), 272 Eurovision Song Contest, 99 Exadel, 131 EXIAR (Export Insurance Agency of Russia), 294 expatriates: Kyrgyz, 217; Ukrainian, 372 EXPO-2015,254 EXPO-2017, 146, 162 Export-Import Bank
of China: in Tajikistan, 329; in Ukraine, 407 Exxon, 100 FDI (foreign direct investments): to Armenia, 60-61; to Kyrgyzstan, 219 Fearless Guardian 2015 mission, 396 Fergana Valley: and Kyrgyzstan, 193195; and Uzbekistan, 411, 416, 435 Ferrerò-Waldner, Benita, 128-129 FIFA World Cup 2010, 77 56th Separate Helicopter Unit of UN mission in Liberia, 373 Filip, Pavel, 474 Filippov, Vladimir: CIS Network University, vii, 31 Fischer, Heinz, 212 food embargo, 406 football diplomacy, 77 Foreign Policy and Diplomacy of Turkmenistan journal, 347 Foreign Policy Center (FPC), 148 Foreign Policy Council, 308 Framework Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance between Russia and Armenia, 64 free economic zones in Tajikistan, 328 French University in Armenia, 73 Fried, Daniel, 69 Friendship pipeline, 106 frozen conflict: Kazakhstan on, 185; in Transnistria, 243; Ukraine on, 380 Fulbright program, 429 Fule, Stephan, 72 Gagauzia (former Gagauz Republic): 239, 243 Gamsakhurdia, Zviad, 48 Ganci Air Base, 204 Ganiyev, Elyor, 474 Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF), 283 gas: reserves in EAEU, 15; consultative committee on, 18; product market, 18, 291; CIS NU, 31; in Armenia, 46, 56, 61, 63, 75-76; in Azerbaijan, 82, 89, 92, 100-101; in Belams, 106, 109, 112, 122-123, 138; in Kazakhstan, 157-158, 162-163, 168, 173, 177; in Kyrgyzstan, 196, 217, 220; in Moldova, 228, 230, 247, 250; in Russia, 260,272,280-281, 283-284, 286,288, 290-292; in Tajikistan, 298, 316, 321; in Turkmenistan, 334, 336338, 351-366; in Ukraine, 370-371,
Index 388-389,401—404; in Uzbekistan, 412,414,424,447,451-452 gas transit: irom Caspian Sea to Europe, 76; from Russia to Europe via Ukraine, 371, 401—402 Gazprom: Iran-Armenia gas pipeline, 46; ArmRosgazprom, 61; Gazprombank, 62; Beltransgaz, 123; “Gazprom clause,” 272; “Power of Siberia” gas pipeline, 281; projects in Iraq, 283; investments in Africa, 288; international expansion, 292; Gazpromneft in Tajikistan, 314; Turkmenistan gas reserves, 336-337; transit of gas from Turkmenistan, 352, 360; Pre-Caspian gas Pipeline, 360; Central Asia-Center pipeline, 361; expiration of contract in 2019, 371; Ukrainian gas diplomacy, 401—404; foreign gas corporations in Uzbekistan, 412 Gazpromexport, 360 Gazpromneft: in Iraq, 283; in Tajikistan, 314 General Agreement on Peace and National Consent in Tajikistan, 301, 304 General Motors (GM), 414 Generalized System of Preferences: Armenia and, 59-60; Belarus and, 131; Uzbekistan and, 429 Geneva Center for Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 133 genocide of Armenians (Armenian genocide, Meds Yeghem): strategic task, 50; Declaration of State Sovereignty, 51-52; international recognition of, 57-58; MuseumInstitute of, 57; OSCE on, 58; Russia recognizes, 65; EU position on, 71; Armenian diaspora of France, 73; relations with Turkey, 76; Genocide Prevention Resolution, 58 Geun-hye, Park: visit of A. Atambayev, 213; visit to Uzbekistan, 435 Gherman, Natalia, 474 Giurgiulesti port, 227, 252-253 Glencore, 291 Global Competitiveness Index, 231 Global Counter-Terrorism Cooperation Contract, 153 Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism
(CICNT), 156 Global Mountain Summit, 216 globalization model (Kazakhstan), 142 499 GLONASS, 27 gold: in Armenia, 45; in Azerbaijan, 82; in Kyrgyzstan, 196-197,217-218; in Tajikistan, 298, 300, 317; in Uzbekistan, 413—414, 448 Golden Apricot festival, 36 good governance, 392 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 276 Gore, Albert, 395 Gore-Kuchma commission, 395 Grachev, Pavel, 56 Graham, Thomas, 277-278 Grand Duchy of Lithuania: and Belarus, 125; and Ukraine, 369 Great Northern War, 106 Great Patriotic War: victory in, 27; veterans of, 28; battlefields of, 39 Great Silk Road: Kyrgyzstan and, 201; Turkmenistan and, 355; Uzbekistan and, 412 Grodno Azot, 109 G7 (Group of Seven), 82 G20 (Group of Twenty): Azerbaijan and, 98; Russia and, 280, 286; Ukraine and, 376; UN GA Voting, 472^73 GUAM (Organization for Democracy and Economic Development; Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova): Consultative Forum, 22; exit of Uzbekistan, 22; Azerbaijan in, 96, 98, 100; Moldova in, 250,254; Ukraine in, 381, 399; membership in, 471 Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas: NU CIS, 31,466-468; branch in Uzbekistan, 427 Gul, Abdullah: Turkish-Armenian Reconciliation, 77; visit to Kyrgyzstan, 215 Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), 283 Gulf of Aden, 278 Gutierrez, Carlos, 318 Hairatan Bridge, 426 Hairatan-Mazori Sharif railway, 426 Halyk Bank, 170 Hanafi madhab: in Tajikistan, 299; in Turkmenistan, 335; in Uzbekistan, 412 Harutyunyan, Gagik, 51 Helsinki Final Act (Final Act on Security and Cooperation in Europe) 1975, Azerbaijan signed, 97; Tajikistan signed, 303 Heritage Institute, 35 Herzog, Roman, 431
500 Index Hisor military airfield, 326 Horgos International Center of Boundary Cooperation, 175 Hovannisian, Raffi, 68 HP (Hewlett-Packard), 131 Hryb, Myechyslaw, 113-114 Huawei, 135 Hu Jintao: contacts with Nazarbaev, 174175; visit to Ukraine, 407 Ialoveni, 232 Idrisov, Erlan: foreign policy concept, 142; new foreign policy concept, 146; UN General Debate, 474 Iksanov, Anatoly, 29 Imanaliyev, Muratbek, viii-ix Information and Security Service (Moldova), 242 Inha University, 435 INOGATE (Interstate Oil and Gas Transportation to Europe), 163 INPEX, 101 Institute for US and Canadian Studies RAS, 262 Institute ofAfrica RAS, 262 Institute of Europe RAS, 262 Institute of Far Eastern Studies RAS, 262 Institute of Latin America RAS, 262 Institute of Oriental Studies of Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, 444 Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, 262 Institute of Social and Political Studies, 119 Institute of Statecraft under Supreme Council of Belarus, 119 Institute of World Economy and International Relations RAS, 262 integration at different speeds, 263,270 integration of integrations, 133-134 Inter RAO, 292 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): Kazakhstan in, 155; Kyrgyzstan in, 215; Ukrainian membership in, 377. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD): Kyrgyzstan in, 215; Moldova in, 236, 253; Turkmenistan in, 367; Uzbekistan in, 452-453 International Center for Combating Terrorism, 441 International Development Association: and Tajikistan, 329; and Uzbekistan, 452—453 International Finance Corporation, 452 International Forum on Assistance to
Afghanistan, 350 International Foundation for Humanitarian Cooperation (IFHC): activities, 28-29; CIS NU, 30; Capitals of culture project, 36; CIS Literature Classics, 37; youth cooperation, 39 International Humanitarian Forum, 98 International Institute for Central Asian Studies (IICAS), 443 International Institute of Political Studies, 120 International Labour Office, 231 International Labour Organization (ILO): Azerbaijan in, 96; Kazakhstan in, 183; Kyrgyzstan in, 215; Ukrainian membership in, 377; Uzbekistan in, 441 International Monetary Fund (IMF): Kazakhstan and, 160, 183; Kyrgyzstan and, 215,222-223; Moldova and, 236, 253; Tajikistan and, 303, 329; Turkmenistan and, 367; Ukraine and, 404-405; Uzbekistan and, 452 International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), 285 International Organization of Francophonie (OIF): Armenia in, 73; Moldova in, 236; membership in, 471 International Organization of Vine and Wine, 232 International Ukrainian School, 409 Inter-Parliamentary Union: Belarus in, 117; Kazakhstan in, 149 Interstate Commission for Water Management, 159 Inter-Tajik Negotiations: and Kyrgyzstan, 217; eight rounds of, 304; Turkmenistan and, 350 Investment Promotion and Protection Agency of Kyrgyz Republic, 224 Iranian cultural center, 326 Iranian Gas company, 362 ISAF (International Security Assistance Force): Ukraine in, 373; transit of cargo for, 445 Islamic Development Bank (IDB): Kazakhstan and, 161; Kyrgyzstan and, 215-216, 223; Moldova and, 257; Tajikistan and, 325, 329; membership in, 471 Islamic Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
(ISESCO), 283 Islamic Institute, 299
Index Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan: prohibited in Kazakhstan, 153; threat to Turkmenistan, 344 Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan, 326 Islamic Revolution 1979,284 Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS, Daesh), 273, 284 Ismaili: population, 298; Aga Khan and, 330 Issyk-Kul Forums, 39 Issyk-Kul Sport Games, 38 Isuzu, 414 Itera, 352 Itochu, 100-101 Jackson-Vanik Amendment; for Armenia, 69; for Russia, 279 Jahon information agency, 423 Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), 438 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), 438 Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Information Technologies, 439 Jeenbekov, Asylbek, 474 Jiang Zemin: contacts with Nazarbaev, 174-175; problem of transboundary rivers, 176; Aktobemunaigas joint venture, 177; visit to Moscow, 279; Chinese-Russian treaty, 280; talks with S. Niyazov, 353 Jizzak special industrial zone, 434 Jizzakh Higher Military Aviation School, 415 Joint Sea 2014 exercises, 281 Kambarata Dam, 196,198, 208 Kamilov, Abdulaziz: visit to Dushanbe, 322; UN General Debate, 474 Kamran military base, 277 Kanaker Aluminum Smelter, 61 Kant military airfield, 202 Karakalpakstan, 414,422 Karimov, Islam: meeting with A. Atambayev, 210; relations with Tajikistan, 322; geopolitics of Uzbekistan, 411; on democratization, 419; visit to Ashgabat, 425; visit to UK, 430 Kashmir conflict, 156 Kazakbaev, Ruslan, 474 Kazatomprom, 177 KAZBAT (Kazakh Peacekeeping Battalion): foundation of, 182; NATOcompatible, 187, 188; in CSTO, 312 501 Kazimírov, Vladimir, 56 Kazkommertsbank, 170 KazMunayGas, 360 Kebich, Vyacheslav, 121 Keqiang, Li, 433—434 Kerch Strait:
border in, 374, 380; treaty on, 387; joint actions in, 389 Kerkorian, Kirk, 64 Kerry, John: USA-Armenia relations, 70; Central Asia + US (C5+1), 180; visit to Tajikistan, 317; visit to Ukraine, 396 KFOR (Kosovo Force), 373 Kharkiv accords, 403 Khatami, Mohammad, 284 Khojaly events, 95 Khovar (National Information Agency of Tajikistan), 33, 311 Kino Shock festival, 36 Kiriyenko, Sergey, 66 Klimkin, Pavlo, 396 Kocharyan, Robert: foreign policy mechanism, 49; on Armenian genocide, 57; visit to Brussels, 71 Kohl, Helmut, 143 Koizumi, Junichiro, 438 Koknar operation, 154 Kontinental Hockey League, 38 Korea National Oil Corporation (KNOC), 412 Korean Education Center, 435 Komiychuk, Oleksandr, 377 Korpeje-Kordkuy pipeline, 361-362 Kouchner, Bernard, 128-129 Kozyrev, Andrei, 263 Kravchenko, Piotr, 112-113 Kravchuk, Leonid: nuclear weapon, 372; political process, 374; Black See Fleet, 386, 401; visits to US, 394; Partnership for Peace, 397 Krunk unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), 47 Kryvorizhstal, 370 K-Telecom, 62 Kuchma, Leonid: political process, 374; negotiations with Russia, 386; address to Verkhovna Rada, 391; GoreKuchma commission, 395; gas negotiations, 401 Kuhistani Badakhshan (GornoBadakhshan) Autonomous Region: Kazakh battalion in, 171; population of, 298; checkpoint in, 316; free economic zone in, 228; Aga Khan in, 330 Kulma-Karasu checkpoint, 316
502 Index Kumtor gold deposit, 196-197 Kura-Tegerek copper deposit, 197 Kuwait Fund For Arab Economic Development (KFAED): in Tajikistan, 329; in Uzbekistan, 439 Kuzbassrazrezugol, 292 Kyoto Protocol: and Tajikistan, 324; and Uzbekistan, 451 Kyrgyz Mountain Battalion, 312 Kyrgyz State National Military Lyceum, 199 Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, 208 Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, 215 Kyumyushtak silver deposit, 196 Lake Sevan, 45 landlocked state: Armenia as, 53; Belarus as, 106; Kazakhstan as, 164, 181, 184; Uzbekistan as, 447 Lanzhou University, 434 Latin American Association of Peacekeeping Training Centers, 286 Latin American Confederation of Russian (Soviet) University Alumni, 287 Latin American Integration Association (LAIA, ALADI), 286 Latin Union, 236 Lavrov, Sergei: meeting with H. Clinton, 278; UN General Debate, 474 League of Arab States, 185 Leancă, lurie, 474 Lezgins, 82 Lieberman, Avigdor, 357 Likhachev, Dmitry, 35 Li Peng: contacts with Nazarbaev, 174175; energy strategy aimed at Kazakhstan, 177 liquefied natural gas (LNG): GECF and, 283; from Russia, 291; to China, 365 Lisbon Agreement for Protection of Appellations of Origin and Their International Registration, 232 Lisbon Protocol 1992: Kazakhstan and, 155; Russia and, 275 Listapad festival, 36 Lomonosov Moscow State University: speech of Nazarbaev at, 15, 151; branch in Baku, 90; branch in Tajikistan, 315; branch in Uzbekistan, 427 London Court of International Arbitration, 407 Lourdes military base, 277 Luceafar, 232 Lugansk: referendum in, 376; selfproclaimed republic, 389 Lukashenko, Alexander:
establishment of Customs Union, 12; CSTO, 25; on geopolitical position of Belarus, 107; foreign policy timeline, 112; conceptualization of foreign policy, 113; Belarusian-Russian association, 121-122; EU-Belarus cooperation, 129; visit to US, 130; Belarus-NATO cooperation, 132-133; “integration of integrations” concept, 133-134; cooperation with Latin America, 137; visits to African countries, 138; Common Free Market Zone, 152; visits to Dushanbe, 324; UN General Debate, 474 Lukoil: in Azerbaijan, 100; Caspian Sea, 157; in Iraq, 283; in Egypt, 288; in Africa, 288; international expansion, 292; in Uzbekistan, 412 Madeira, 232 Madrid Principles, 56 Magnitsky Act (Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act), 279 Maidan, 375 Maiman, Yossi, 358 Makei, Vladimir, 474 Malaysian Technical Cooperation Program, 437 Mammadyarov, Elmar, 474 MAN company, 414 Management Development Institute of Singapore, 437 Manas Airport, 204, 211 Manas Epic, 216 Manuilsky, Dmytro, 377 Marculesti airport, 252 Marsala, 232 Martisor international music festival, 37 Martynov, Sergei: EU-Belarus cooperation, 128-129; US-Belarus relations, 131; UN General Debate, 474 MASHAV (Israel’s Agency for International Development Cooperation), 440 Max Company, 232 May decrees (2012), 266 Mbeki, Thabo, 288 McDermott, 100 McDonald’s, 131 Mechel, 292 Medvedev, Dmitry: establishment of Customs Union, 12; visit to Tajikistan, 34; Armenian genocide: 57; Armenian-Russian relations, 65, 67;
Index Common Free Market Zone, 152; foreign policy, 265-266; World Policy Conference, 277; visits to Latin America, 285; visits to Dushanbe, 314; visit to Kyiv, 388; gas negotiations, 403; visits to Uzbekistan, 427; UN General Debate, 474 Mercosur (Southern Common Market): Belarus and, 134; Russia and, 286 mercury: in Azerbaijan, 82; in Kyrgyzstan, 217; in Tajikistan, 298, 300 Meredov, Raşit: diplomatic network, 347; biography, 348; UN General Debate, 474 Merrem, Gerd, 304 Metropol, 288 Metsamor (Armenian) nuclear power plant: construction, 45-46; US and, 69; EU and 71; France and, 73 MGIMO (Moscow State Institute of International Relations): in CIS NU, 31,467^168; graduates in Kyrgyzstan, 200; graduates in MFA of Russia, 262; European Studies Institute in, 274 Microsoft, 131 Military Institute of Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan, 340 Millennium Challenge Corporation, 69 Mingarelli, Hugues, 129 Minisfty of Foreign Affairs: of Armenia, 54-55; of Azerbaijan, 87; of Belarus, 117-119; of Kazakhstan, 149-151; of Moldova, 240-241; of Russia, 268270; of Tajikistan, 309-312; of Turkmenistan, 347-348; of Ukraine, 384-385; of Uzbekistan, 422-423 Minsk Accords, 390 Minsk automobile plant, 109 Minsk format negotiations, 389 Mir Group, 32 Mir-Caravane festival, 274 Mireasma Codrului, 232 Mirziyoyev, Shavkat: relations with Tajikistan, 322; cooperation with South Korea, 414 Mitterrand, François, 432 Modi, Narendra: visit to Kyrgyzstan, 214; visit to Tajikistan, 326 Mohamad, Mohathir, 437 Moinak hydro power plant, 177 Moldovan Investment and Export Promotion Organization (MIEPO),
253,255 503 molybdenum: in Armenia, 45; in Azerbaijan, 82; outside Russia, 289; in Tajikistan, 298; in Uzbekistan, 413 money (cash) transfers: to Armenia, 60; to Moldova, 247 Moscow Meets Friends international festival, 37 Moscow memorandum on normalization of relations between Moldova and Transnistria 1997,244 Mozyr Oil Refinery, 109 Mstislav Rostropovich International Festival, 36 multifaceted (multivector) policy: of Armenia, 52-53; of Belarus, 112-113, 133-134, 138; of Kazakhstan, 152, 162-165, 167; of Kyrgyzstan, 201, 203, 209; of Moldova, 234,253; of Russia, 263-264; of Tajikistan, 306; of Ukraine, 374, 388; of Uzbekistan, 426,428,431 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, 452 multilevel and multispeed integration: at CIS, 9; at Customs Union, 14 multipolar world (multipolarity): CIS and, 27; and Moldova, 250; and Y. Primakov, 263; and V. Putin, 264; and D. Medvedev, 266; Russo-Chinese relations and, 279 Museveni, Yoweri, 138 Nabiyev, Rahmon: first Tajikistan embassies, 303; first foreign visits, 303 Nabucco pipeline project: Azerbaijan and, 92; Turkmenistan and, 352, 362-363 Naftan, 109 Naftogaz, 401^104 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: challenges to Armenia, 43; border delimitation, 44; settlement of, 55-57; US in, 69; OSCE in, 72; France in, 73; position of Georgia, 75; Iran in, 76; Turkey in, 77; Azerbaijan’s goals, 84; Azerbaijan’s military doctrine, 85; challenges to national security, 85; Nagorno-Karabakh issue, 88; Turkey in, 92; USA in, 94; Israel in, 96; Arab countries in, 96; international organizations in, 96; Kazakhstan mediation in, 156; meeting in in
Bishkek, 217 Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR): common border with, 44; Armenia’s affiliation with, 55; proclamation of
504 Index independence of, 56; armed forces of 76 Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, 81 Nalbandyan, Edward: foreign policy mechanism, 49; Armenian-Russian relations, 67; Armenian-USA relations, 70; UN General Debate, 474 Naryn-Syrdarya reservoir cascade, 159 Nasriddinov, Salohiddin, 330 National Assembly of France, 58 National Committee for BRICS Research, 270 National Institute of Strategic Studies, 383 National Security and Defense Council (Ukraine): secretary of 376; resolution of 380-381, 389; public authorities, 382-384; meeting of 403 National Welfare Fund, 389 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): aggression against, 22; cooperation with Armenia, 47-48, 5253, 55, 68-70, 77; cooperation with Azerbaijan, 84, 88, 96-98; cooperation with Belarus, 132-133, 136; cooperation with Kazakhstan, 141, 149, 186-189; cooperation with Kyrgyzstan, 199; cooperation with Moldova, 235, 237-238,245-246, 248, 251; Russia and, 263, 265, 267, 276-278; cooperation with Ukraine, 373, 375, 379, 381, 395, 397-399; cooperation with Uzbekistan, 423, 445; agreement with CSTO, 460; membership in, 471 NATO Depository Library, 189 NATO Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP): for Armenia, 52; for Azerbaijan, 98; for Kazakhstan, 187; for Moldova, 235, 238, 245 NATO Information and Documentation Center, 235 NATO liaison office for Central Asia, 445 NATO Operation Allied Force, 276 NATO Parliamentary Assembly (former North Atlantic Assembly, NAA): Azerbaijan in, 98; Belarus in, 132; Kazakhstan in, 149; Moldova in, 238; Ukraine in, 379 NATO Partnership for Peace Program (PfP): Armenia in, 68;
Azerbaijan in, 97; Belarus in, 132-133; Kazakhstan in, 141, 187; Kyrgyzstan in, 199; Moldova in, 238, 245; Ukraine in, 397; Uzbekistan in, 445 NATO Planning and Review Process (PARP): Armenia and, 52; Belarus and, 133; Kazakhstan and, 187 NATO Resource and Information Center in Central Asia, 189 NATO-Russia Council, 265,277 NATO Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Programme: Kazakhstan in, 188; Moldova in, 235 NATO Security Forum in Astana (2009), 188 NATO summit in Bucharest (1998), 445 NATO summit in Chicago (2012), 98 NATO summit in Istanbul (2004), 187 NATO summit in Wales (2014), 98, 373, 398 NATO summit in Washington (1999, 50th anniversary), 179 Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine, 413 Navruz festival, 36 Nazarbayev, Nursultan: Eurasian integration, 11, 15, 151, 152; establishment of Customs Union, 12; “globalization model,” 142; meeting with H. Kohl, 143; addresses to nation, 144; on foreign policy, 145; presidential role in foreign policy, 147; on role of MFA, 150; on CIS, 151; Common Free Market Zone, 152; Big Eurasia, 152; mediation of Syrian conflict, 156; multivector principle, 164-165; Istanbul summit of Turkic states, 164; strategic partnership with Russia, 166; visit to Uzbekistan, 169; visit to Dushanbe, 171; visit to Ashgabat, 172; visit to Urumqi, 175; problem of transboundary rivers, 176; Aktobemunaigas joint venture, 177; visit to US, 179-180; admission to UN, 180-181; first speech at UN, 181; OSCE 1994 summit, 181; 70th session of UNGA, 182-183; OSCE chairmanship, 184; OSCE 2010 summit, 185; initiative on CICA, 185; visit to Kyrgyzstan, 210; UN
General Debate, 474 Nazrizoda, Saidrahmon, 318 Negrescu, Victor, 242 neutrality (neutral status, nonalignment): mutual, 75; of Belarus, 111-112, 114115; benevolent, 172, 316; Moldovan policy of, 233-235,237-238, 247, 250-251; Turkmenistan’s policy of 339, 341-346, 348,350; Ukrainian
Index policy of, 378-381 Nicaragua Grand Interoceanic Canal, 287 958 Bison project, 407 Niyazov, Saparmurat: visit to Almaty, 172; public data, 334; Rukhnama, 335; resign, 347; specifics of policy, 348; talks with J. Zemin, 353; visit to China, 353, 364; business groups, 358 Non-Aligned Movement (NAM): Azerbaijan and, 96, 98; Belarus and, 136-138; Turkmenistan and, 342, 351; membership in, 471 nonproliferation: of nuclear weapon, 3, 131, 179,181; of weapons of mass destruction, 53, 148, 153, 203, 237238, 273,441 Nord Stream gas pipeline, 272 Nordic Council, 379 Norilsk Nickel, 283 Normandy format negotiations: and Belarus, 126; and Ukraine, 390 Norov, Vladimir, 474 North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC): Belarus in, 132; Kazakhstan in, 186; Ukraine in, 379, 397 North Atlantic Treaty: article 5 of, 22, 66 North Bukovina, 370 North Route, 189 Northern Alliance, 277 Northern Corridor, 178 Northern Dimension, 127 Northern Sea Route, 291 North-South Center, 98 Novatek, 288 nuclear energy: in CIS, 7; in Kazakhstan, 19, 162, 177-178; in Armenia, 45,46, 62, 66, 69, 71, 73; in Belarus, 109110; in Russia, 281, 284, 288-289, 290, 292; in Ukraine, 370, 373 program of Iran, 156 nuclear Security Summit: participation of Azerbaijan in, 95, 98; participation of Kazakhstan in, 175, 179 nuclear triad, 260, 275 nuclear weapon: USSR heritage, 3,2021, 155, 182,275, 372; Strategic Nuclear Forces Command, 20; Azerbaijan and non-proliferation of, 95, 98; Belarus and non-proliferation of, 111-114, 131-132; Kazakhstan and non-proliferation of, 149,155156, 169, 175, 179, 181,190; Kyrgyzstan and
non-proliferation of, 216; Moldova and non-proliferation of, 234; Russian arsenal, 260,269, 505 275-278; Turkmenistan and non proliferation of, 343; Ukraine and non-proliferation of, 372-373, 378; Uzbekistan and non-proliferation of, 420,441 Nuri, Sayid, 304 Nurly Zhol program, 175, 177 Obama, Barack: Armenian genocide: 58; American-Armenian summit, 69; USA-Azerbaijan relations, 95; USBelarus relations, 131; “reset” of relations with Russia, 271; accession to power, 277; meeting with V. Yanukovych, 395-396; meeting with R Poroshenko, 396; Ukraine Freedom Support Act 396 Obasanjo, Olusegun, 288 Ocean Shield naval operation, 373, 398 Oghuz, 334 Ohryzko, Volodymyr, 395 oil: reserves inEAEU, 15; consultative committee on, 18; product market, 18, 291; transit,19; CIS NU, 31; in Armenia, 56, 69, 76; in Azerbaijan, 82, 89, 92, 96, 100-101; in Belarus, 106,108-109, 138; in Kazakhstan, 157, 162-163, 168, 170-171, 176֊ 177; in Kyrgyzstan, 196, 217-219; in Moldova, 230; in Russia, 260, 272֊ 273,280-281, 283-286, 288-292; in Tajikistan, 298, 314; in Turkmenistan, 333, 336-337, 352-359, 363; in Ukraine, 370; in Uzbekistan, 412, 447, 451-452 Okno space surveillance station in Nurek, 314 102nd Russian Military Base, 47, 66 173rd Airborne Brigade of US Army, 396 Opal gas pipeline, 272 open-door policy: by Tajikistan, 305, 321, 328; by Turkmenistan, 359 Operalia festival, 36 opposition: in Belams, 125, 128; Syrian, 156; in Kyrgyzstan, 207; in Moldova, 242, 244; in Ukraine, 271, 375, 387, 393-394, 403; in Tajikistan, 304 Orange company (France), 73 Orange revolution: and Russia, 271;
presidential elections in Ukraine, 375; protests during, 387; EU mediation during, 391; US and, 395 Orange Team, 375,402 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 160-161
506 Index Organization of American States (OAS), 286 Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC, formerly Organization of Islamic Conference): Iran in, 76, 214; Azerbaijan, 88, 95-97, 99-100; Kazakhstan in, 145, 149; Kyrgyzstan in, 203, 210, 215-216; Russia as observer in, 283; Tajikistan in, 306; Turkmenistan in, 351; membership in, 471 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC): Kazakhstan and, 161; Tajikistan and Fund of, 329 Orthodox Church: in Belams, 108; in Kyrgyzstan, 195; in Turkmenistan, 335 OSCE (Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe): Armenia in, 52, 55-58, 70-73, 77; Azerbaijan in, 88, 96-97, 101; Belams in, 117, 123, 127-128, Kazakhstan in, 141, 144, 149, 154, 166-167, 179, 183-185; Kyrgyzstan in, 200, 202-203, 211212, 215-216; Moldova in, 237, 238, 244, 246; Tajikistan in, 306; Turkmenistan in, 351 ; Ukraine in, 373, 379, 381, 389; Uzbekistan, 417, 441,445-446; membership in, 471 OSCE Astana Declaration, 185 OSCE Charter for European Security 1999, 446 OSCE center in Astana (formerly in Almaty), 183 OSCE High Commissioner on National Authorities (HCNM), 215-216 OSCE liaison office for Central Asia, 446 OSCE Lisbon Declaration 1996, 446 OSCE Ministerial Council, 58 OSCE Minsk Group: international community, 55; foundation of, 56; format of, 72; France in, 73 OSCE Minsk Format, 389 OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR): in Armenia, 72; in Azerbaijan, 97-98; in Belams, 128; in Kazakhstan, 183; in Kyrgyzstan, 215 OSCE Parliamentary Assembly: Azerbaijan in, 97; Kazakhstan in, 149, 184; OSCE Permanent Council:
Azerbaijan and, 97; Uzbekistan and, 446 OSCE Project Coordinator in Uzbekistan, 446 OSCE summit in Astana (2010), 184 OSCE summit in Budapest (1994): Kazakhstan and, 179, 181; Ukraine and, 373 OSCE summit in Istanbul (1999): Azerbaijan in, 101; Uzbekistan in, 441,446 OSCE-OIC Forum, 216 Oskanyan, Vardan: foreign policy mechanism, 49; author of complementarism concept, 52-53 Otunbaeva, Roza: meeting with E. Rahmon, 320; UN General Debate, 474 Pacific Alliance, 250 Palestinian: state and Russia, 283; Ukrainian delegation in UN, 377 Pamir-Chacaltaya scientific research center in Tajikistan, 34 Panama Canal, 287 pan-European security system, 388, 398 Pan-European Transport Conference, 106 pan-European transport corridor: Belams and, 106: Moldova and, 253 Panj River, 318 Panorama festival, 36 Papazyan, Vahan, 51 Parliament: of Armenia (National Assembly), 49; of Azerbaijan (Milli Majlis), 86; of Belams (Supreme Council, 1991-1994; National Assembly, since 1996), 116-117; of Kazakhstan (Senate and Majilis), 148149; of Kyrgyzstan (Jogorku Kenesh), 206; of Moldova, 239-240; of Russia (Federation Council and State Duma), 269; of Tajikistan (Majlisi Namoyandagon and Majlisi Oli), 308309; of Turkmenistan (Majlis), 346; of Ukraine (Verkhovna Rada), 382; of Uzbekistan (Senate and Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis), 418-419 Parliamentarians for Nuclear NonProliferation and Disarmament, 149 Parliamentary Assembly of TurkicSpeaking Countries: Kazakhstan in, 149; observer in CICA, 185 parliamentary-presidential form of governance: in Kyrgyzstan, 207; in Ukraine, 382; Party of Regions,
375-376 Patil, Pratibha, 326 Patriotic War of 1812, 106 Patrushev, Nikolai, 67 Peace Corps, 179 Peace Mission 2014 exercises, 281
Index peacekeeping: Regulations on Collective Peacekeeping Forces of CIS, 21-23; Armenian armed forces participation in, 47-48, 52, 55; OSCE resolution, 57; CSTO, 67; Azerbaijan participation in NATO, 98; Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the CIS, 170; UN fiind, 181-182; Kazakh Peacekeeping Battalion (KazBat), 182, 187, 312; NATO operations, 188; Kyrgyzstan in UN and NATO operations, 199, 203; Moldova’s law on national defense, 233; draft foreign policy concept, 236; Supreme Security Council, 241; Transnistria operation, 244, 246; cooperation with Latin America, 286; operations in Africa, 288; Tajikistan’s position, 307; collective forces, 312; efforts in Central Asia, 350; Ukraine in international operations, 373; prohibition to participate in operations, 421 Penny Black, 232 Pennzoil, 100 People’s Bank of Kazakhstan, 176 Peoples’ Friendship park in Dushanbe, 171 Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University): rector of, vii; CIS NU, 30-31,467-468 Perestroika, 111 Pernod Ricard, 73 PetroKazakhstan, 163 petroleum: product market, 18, 291; in Azerbaijan, 82, 96; supplies to Kyrgyzstan, 218; Russian exports, 290-292; exports from Turkmenistan, 358-359; price of, 402 Petronas, 412 Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 427 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: and Belarus, 125; and Ukraine, 369 Polytechnic University of Turin, 432 Pope John Paul II, 57 Poroshenko, Petro: political process, 376; abandonment of nonalignment policy, 380; National Security and Defense Council, 383; doctrinal documents, 389; association with EU, 394,406; inaugural ceremony, 396; visit to
US, 396; UN General Debate, 474 Porto, 232 Powell, Colin, 429 507 Power of Siberia (Eastern Route), 281, 291,365 Power of Siberia 2 (Altai or Western Route), 281 pragmatism in foreign policy: of Armenia, 67; of Belams, 112; of Kazakhstan, 145-146; of Kyrgyzstan, 203; of Moldova, 247; of Russia, 264,280, 287 Pre-Caspian gas pipeline, 359-361 presidential elections: in Kazakhstan, 164, 180; in Ukraine, 374-376,401 presidential form of governance: Armenian transition to, 49; in Kazakhstan, 147 presidential-parliamentary republic, 382 Primakov, Yevgeny: foreign policy doctrine, 263-264; cooperation with Middle East, 283; visits to Latin America, 285 privatization: in Armenia, 60; in Kyrgyzstan, 197; in Turkmenistan, 367; in Uzbekistan, 413,450 Proliferation Security Initiative (Cracow Initiative), 156 Prometeu, 232 Pro-Russian: I. Dodon as, 250; L. Kuchma as, 374 Pro-Western: Russia towards, 271; L. Kuchma as, 374; V, Yushchenko as, 375 Putin, Vladimir: Eurasian integration, 15, 19-20; Armenian genocide: 57-58; Armenian-Russian relations, 65; visit to Erevan, 66-67; integration in the Post-Soviet space, 134; allied relations with Kazakhstan, 166; visit to Kyrgyzstan, 208; Transnistria negotiations, 244; meeting with I. Dodon, 251; foreign policy in 20002008,264-265; foreign policy in 2012-2016,266-267; meeting with George W. Bush, 276; Munich security conference, 277; interview for Chinese media, 280; Russian-Chinese treaty, 280; meetings with Xi Jinping, 280; meeting with M. Ahmadinejad, 285; visits to Latin America, 285; meeting with T. Mbeki, 288; visit to South Africa, 288;
visit to Cairo, 288; visits to Dushanbe, 314, 329; gas negotiations, 401-402; visits to Uzbekistan, 427; UN General Debate, 474 Qaddafi, Muammar, 138
508 Index Qasimi, Lubna Khaliđ, 440 Qatar Investment Authority, 291 Radio Ukraine, 409 Rahimzoda, Sharif, 330 Rahmon, Emomali: visit to Kyrgyzstan, 210; peace process, 301; plan of defense, 302; foreign policy concept, 304, 305; inter-Tajik negotiations, 304; international initiatives, 307; meeting with diplomats, 308; visits to Russia, 314; visit to Belgium, 318; visits to Bishkek, 320; meeting with R. Otumbaeva, 320; meeting with A. Atambayev, 320; relations with Uzbekistan, 321; visits to Turkmenistan, 322; visit to Azerbaijan, 323; cooperation with Iran, 325; visit to Saudi Arabia, 326; visits to India, 326 rare-earth: in Tajikistan, 327; in Uzbekistan, 413 Ravon, 414 Red Crescent, 303 Red Cross: and Russia, 288; in Tajikistan, 303 referendum: on independence of Armenia, 43; on independence of NagornoKarabakh Republic, 56; on constitution of Belarus, 114, 116, 128; on prolongation of presidential mandate in Kazakhstan, 179; on independence of Transnistria, 243; on independence of Turkmenistan, 348; in Donetsk and Lugansk, 376; in Crimea, 389 Remco, 100 renewable energy: in Azerbaijan, 93; in Tajikistan, 299; and Ukraine, 401; academic program on, 468 Renova, 288 Research Institute of Development and Security, 120 reset of US-Russia relations, 271, 278 Revolution of Dignity: Russia and, 271; US and, 396 RIC (Russia, India, China), 280 Ricard, Pemot, 73 Rice, Condoleezza: visit to Tajikistan, 317; charter on strategic partnership, 395 Rio Group, 286 Rogun Dam, 300, 321 Roman Catholics, 108 Rosatom: in Armenia, 66; in Iran, 284; in Egypt, 288; international expansion, 292
Rose Revolution, 270-271 Rosneft: in Africa, 288; exchange of assets, 291; international expansion, 292 Rossotrudnichestvo, 268 RosUkrEnergo, 402 Rouháni, Hassan: meeting with A. Atambayev, 214; inauguration, 325 ruble: zone, 121; Russian ruble, 281; Soviet, Tajik, 315 Rukhnama, 335 Rumsfeld, Donald, 429 Rusal: in Armenia, 61; in Africa, 288; in Tajikistan, 300 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 262, 270 Russian APEC Study Center, 270 Russian Export Center (REC), 294 Russian Export-Import Bank (Eximbank of Russia), 293-294 Russian Export-Import Insurance Company (REISO), 293 Russian Institute for Strategic Studies, 270 Russian International Affairs Council, 270 Russian Railways, 62 Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), 1 Russian television channels, 389 Russian Kyrgyz Development Fund, 208 Russian Tajik Slavonic University, 315, 466 Russian-speaking: in Azerbaijan, 90; in Kyrgyzstan, 195; in Tajikistan, 299 Rybakov, Valentin, 474 Saakashvili, Mikheil: color-coded revolution, 271 ; war in August 2008, 277; GUAM, 399 Samarkand Higher Auto-Artillery School, 415 Samarkand Institute of Economics and Services, 436 Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, 435—436 Samruk-Kazyna, 178 sanctions: against Russia, 123, 267, 279, 294, 389,406; against Belarus, 131; against terrorists, 183; against Iran, 256; against US, 279
Index Sangtuda hydroelectric power plant: on Vakhsh river, 300-301; Russia and, 314; Iran and, 325; Sargsyan, Serzh: foreign policy mechanism, 49; accession to EAEU, 51; visit to Moscow, 66; AmericanArmenian summit, 69; EU-Armenia cooperation, 71; Armenian-TurkishReconciliation, 77; UN General Debate, 474 Sary Shagan test site, 167 Saudabayev, Kanat, 474 Saudi Fund for Development: in Tajikistan, 329-330; in Uzbekistan, 440 Schroeder, Gerhard, 431 Schwarzenberg, Karel, 129 SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation): partnership, 20; establishment, 25; observers, 25; dialogue partners, 25; Belarus and, 133, 324; Kazakhstan in, 143,152153, 163, 166, 174-175, 180; Kyrgyzstan in, 199, 203-204, 210, 215; Moldova and, 251; Russia in, 267, 280; Tajikistan in, 306, 312-314, 316, 324; Turkmenistan and, 345, 350; Uzbekistan in, 423,425,433^134, 444-445; membership in, 471 SCO Energy Club, 163 SCO Public Diplomacy Institute at Shanghai University, 434 SCO Regional Antiterrorist Structure (RATS), 25, 153 SCO secretary-general of, 313 SCO summit in Bishkek (2013), 210 SCO summit in Ufa (2015), 175, 313, SCO summits in Dushanbe (2000,2008, 2014), 175,313 SCO summits in Tashkent (2004, 2010), 444-445 Scorpion 25th Special Operations Brigade, 198 Security council: CST committee of secretaries of, 22-24; of Azerbaijan, 86; ofBelarus, 113, 116-117; of Kazakhstan, 143, 148; of Kyrgyzstan, 199,201; of Russia, 67, 268; of Tajikistan, 308-309 semi-enclave, 259 Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, 155, 182 Sevastopol: situation in Ukraine, 267; Black Sea Fleet in, 388,401,403 Shanghai University, 434
Shaposhnikov, Yevgeny, 56 509 Sharif, Nawaz: visit to Kyrgyzstan, 214; TAPI Gas Pipeline, 364 Sharq Taronalari (Melodies of the East) musical festival, 169,439 Sher Nagyly, 39 Shushkevich, Stanislau, 130 Shymkent oil-processing plant, 177 Siberian Coal Energy Company, 292 Siemens, 284 Silk Road (Economic Belt): linkage with EAEU, 19-20, 289; Azerbaijan in, 95; Belarus in, 135, Kazakhstan in, 152, 175, 177, 186; Kyrgyzstan in, 220; Russia and, 289; Tajikistan in, 297 Silk Road Diplomacy Doctrine (Kyrgyzstan), 201, 216 silver: in Armenia, 45; in Azerbaijan, 82; in Kyrgyzstan, 196; in Tajikistan, 298, 300; in Uzbekistan, 413-414 Singapore Technical Cooperation Program, 437 SINOPEC, 354 Sirajuddin, Syed Putra Jamalullai, 437 Sisi, Abdel Fattah, 288 6 + 2 contact group on Afghanistan, 442, 445 Skovorodino-Daqing oil pipeline, 280, 292 Smirnov, Igor, 243 Snake Island, 370, 375 Snegur, Mircea, 243 SOCAR, 100 Social Democratic Party of Romania, 242 Solana, Javier, 128-129 somoni, 315 Soskovets, Oleg, 51 South Antiterror-2002 exercises, 154 South Bessarabia, 370 South Caucasus Railway, 62 South Korea-Central Asia forum on cooperation, 435 South Ossetia: Armenian neutrality toward, 75; Russian military presence in, 261; independence of, 277 South-East European Cooperation Process (SEECP), 237 Southern Shield of Commonwealth exercises, 302 Soviet Union (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR): after collapse of, 1,45,51, 110, 197,211,259, 262, 270, 275, 287, 289, 299, 312, 339, 341, 379; division of armed forces, 21; Pamir-Chacaltaya project, 34; cooperation with other countries of
510 Index former, 48, 51, 74, 112, 121; made in, 47, 83; MFA of, 118, 119,200; embassy of Belarus in Moscow, 121; nuclear tests in, 155; during last years of, 175, 196, 282, 288; coal basins of, 196; Hero of, 198; former republics of, 47, 200, 334, 360,446,447; 1989 census, 228; continuation of legal personality of, 261; successor of, 262, 279; talks with head of, 276; cooperation with Arabic countries, 282; projection of 288; agreement signed by, 126, 318; rubles, 315; border of, 353, 446; pipeline system, 359; part of 369; heritage of 21, 162, 340, 370; law of 377; attributes of 386; former minister of 402 Special Working Group for Development of Convention on Legal Status of the Caspian Sea, 157 Spitak (Leninakan) earthquake, 43, 73 Spumant, 232 Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe, 246 START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty 1991); Kazakhstan and, 155; Russia and, 275, 278 START II (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty 1993), 275 START III or New (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty 2010), 278 State Committee on Investments and State Property Management of Tajikistan, 328 State Food and Grain Corporation of Ukraine, 407 State Grid Corporation of China, 178 State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR), 100-101 State Oil Fund of Republic of Azerbaijan (SOFAZ), 82 State Security Council (Turkmenistan), 346 Statoil, 100-101 Steppe Eagle exercises, 188 Stockholm International Arbitration Court, 404 Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT) 2002, 276 strategic partnership: Armenia-Russia, 64; Azerbaijan-Russia, 89; AzerbaijanEU, 93; Belarus-Russia, 124; Belarus-China, 136;
BelarusVenezuela, 137; Kazakhstan-EU, 146; Kazakhstan-US, 146, 178, 180; Kazakhstan-Russia, 166; Kazakhstan- Uzbekistan, 168; KazakhstanTajikistan, 171; Kazakhstan-China, 175; Kyrgyzstan-Russia, 209; Kyrgyzstan-Kazakhstan, 209; RussiaUS, 275; Russia-China, 279; Tajikistan-Russia, 306; TajikistanChina,306, 315; Tajikistan-Uzbekistan, 322; UkraineRussia, 376, 388; Ukraine-US, 381, 395-397; Ukraine-Chine, 407; Uzbekistan-Russia, 427; UzbekistanAzerbaijan-Russia, 427; Uzbekistan-US, 428; UzbekistanChina, 433; Uzbekistan-South Korea, 434-435; Uzbekistan-Japan, 438 Strategic Priorities journal, 383 Strelets, Valery, 474 Stroytransgaz: in Iraq, 283; in Africa, 288 Suharto, Muhammad, 436 Sultanov, Bulat, ix Sunni Islam; in Tajikistan, 299; in Turkmenistan, 335; in Uzbekistan, 412 Supreme Court; of Kazakhstan, 153; of Ukraine, 375 Supreme Security Council (Moldova), 239, 241-242 Syanko, Uladzimir, 132 Symonenko, Petro, 374 Syrian conflict: Kazakhstan’s mediation in, 156; Russian armed forces, 261; Russian air force operation in, 273, 284; in US-Russia relations, 278; information center in Baghdad, 284 Tabanja, Erol, 358 Tajik aluminum plant, 300 Tajik British Zeravshan Joint Venture, 300 Tajik Chinese Mining Company, 316-317 Tajik Senior Military College, 301 Tajikistan-Afghanistan-Turkmenistan railroad, 323 take or pay basis, 402,404 Talbott, Strobe, 68-69 Taliban: prohibited in Kazakhstan, 153; rise in Afghanistan, 312; negotiations with, 364 Talysh people, 82 TANAP (Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline), 92, 101 TAP (Trans Adriatic Pipeline), 92 TAPI (Trans-Afghan or
TurkmenistanAfghanistan-Pakistan-India) pipeline, 359, 362-364 Tarasyuk, Borys, 388
Index Tashkent Higher Combined-Arms Command School, 415 Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies, 436 Tat people, 82 Tatneft, 288 TBEA (Tebian Electric Apparatus), 316 Technical Aid to Commonwealth of Independent States (TACIS) program: Armenia in, 70-71; Kazakhstan in, 189; Kyrgyzstan in, 212; TEFI-Commonwealth, 37 Teixeira, Jose Manuel Pinto, 129 Tejen-Serakhs-Mashhad railway, 355 teke, 334 Temirbank, 170 Ter-Petrosyan, Levon: treaty between Armenia and Georgia, 48; role of president 50; visit to Iran, 75 territorial dispute: Kashmir, 156; ChinaTajikistan, 316; Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan, 363; Romania-Ukraine, 370, 375 territorial integrity: of Union State, 10; in CST, 22; in CSTO, 25; of Armenia, 46; of Turkey, 76; of Azerbaijan, 8384, 88; of Moldova, 234, 238-239, 248; of Russia, 266; of Tajikistan, 304, 308; of Turkmenistan, 339, 342, 344-345; of Ukraine, 376, 378, 380֊ 381, 383, 395, 398; of Uzbekistan, 415,421 Thales, 340 third world: among, 231; Soviet partners in, 263; Soviet trade with, 282 3 + 3 + 1 formula of regional cooperation, 50 Timofti, Nicolae, 474 Timoshenko, Yulia: political process, 376; prosecution, 396; gas negotiations, 402-403 Tokaev, Kassym-Jomart: Senate 148; biography, 149; multivector principle, 165 Toktogul Reservoir, 158 Torosyan, Tigran, 53 Total (company): and Armenia, 73; in Azerbaijan, 101 TPAO, 100-101 transboundary rivers problem: between Kazakhstan and China, 160,176; between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, 196; in Central Asia, 146,419,442 Trans-Caspian pipeline, 359,361-363 Transcaucasia: Russia and, 66; US and, 68; EU and, 50,70 511
Transcaucasian highway, 91 Transkazakhstan Trunk Railway, 173 Transnistrian Moldovan Republic: unrecognized, 229; conflict around, 241-246; business community of, 247; Ukraine on, 380 Transport Corridor Europe-CaucasusAsia (TRACECA): Azerbaijan in, 91; Kazakhstan in, 161, 163; Kyrgyzstan in, 201; Moldova in, 253,256-257 Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation between China and Russian Federation, 280 Treaty of Gülistan 1813, 92 Treaty of Turkmenchay 1828, 92 Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe: quota of Transcaucasian republics, 47; Armenia signed, 72; Belarus discussions on, 132; Kazakhstan in OSCE on, 184; Russian suspend of implementation of, 277; Ukraine in, 372 Treaty on Creation of USSR, 1 Treaty on Economic Union of CIS: signing, 8; ratification by Moldova, 234,249 Treaty on Free Trade Zone of CIS: signing, 7, 8; Moldova signed, 249; Ukraine ratified, 388; two agreements, 392,405-406; Uzbekistan signed, 426, 449 Treaty on Main Principles of Interstate Relations Between Republic of Armenia and Republic of Georgia, 48 Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1968: Kazakhstan signed, 155,181; Uzbekistan signed, 441 trilateral negotiations (EU, Russia, Ukraine), 393-394 Tsentrazelectron, 424 Tulip Revolution, Kazakhstan on, 151152; Russia on, 271 Turchynov, Oleksandr, 376 Turkic Council (Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States): Kyrgyzstan in, 210; membership in, 471 Turkic: Turkic-speaking, 145; new states, 164; whole world, 164; Istanbul summit, 164; states, 184; ancestors of Turkmens, 334-335 Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, 292
Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, 348 Turkmenbashi Tekstil Kompleksi, 338 Turkmengaz, 360-362, 364-365 Turkmenneñ, 354
512 Index Turkmenneftegaz State Trading Corporation, 360 TurkStream gas pipeline, 272,291 Tuzla Island, 374 201st Russian military base, 314 Udovenko, Hennadiy, 395 Ukraine Freedom Support Act 2014, 396 Ukraine Is Not Russia (book), 374 Ukraine support group (Ukrainian caucus), 396 Ukrainian Business Week 2011,401 Ukrainian Gas Transmission System, 401-402 Ukrainian Investment Summit, 401 Ukrainian nationalism, 370 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, 369 Ukrainian Television and Radio Broadcasting, 409 Ukrinmash, 371 Ukroboronprom (Ukrainian Defense Industry), 371 Ukroboronservice, 371 Ukrspecexport, 371 Umarov, Kairat, 474 UNEVOC (International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training), 444 Unified Energy System of Russia, 301 Union of Central Asian States, 151 Union Shield command and control exercises, 124 Union State, of Republic of Belarus and Russian Federation: establishment, 9֊ 10, 112, 122-123; principal bodies, 10; military doctrine of, 115; Belarus in, 112, 116, 122, 123; joint exercises of armed forces of, 124; Russia in, 270; Union State Border Security Committee, 123 Union State Broadcasting Organization, 123 Union State Commission for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of Pollution of the Union State Natural Environment, 123 Union State Commission for Tariff and Non-Tariff Regulation, 123 Union State Council of Ministers, 10, 122 Union State Court of, 10 Union State Customs Committees, 123 Union State Parliamentary Assembly of, 10, 122-123 Union State Permanent Committee of, 10, 123 Union State Supreme State Council of, 10, 122 unitary state:
Armenia as, 44; Kazakhstan as, 147; Ukraine as, 376 United Nations Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC), 98 United Nations (UN) Charter: principles of, 84; contradict to, 199; compliance with, 343, 344; drafting of, 377; in accordance with, 378 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF): cooperation with Azerbaijan, 97; cooperation with Kazakhstan, 183; cooperation with Kyrgyzstan, 215; cooperation with Uzbekistan, 441 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD): cooperation with Kazakhstan, 161; cooperation with Uzbekistan, 441 United Nations Convention for Suppression of Financing of Terrorism, 97 United Nations Convention on Law of Sea 1982, 157 United Nations Counter-Terrorism Committee: and Kazakhstan, 153, 182; and Uzbekistan, 441 United Nations Department of Public Information, 183 United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), 183 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): cooperation with Azerbaijan, 97; cooperation with Kazakhstan, 183; cooperation with Kyrgyzstan, 215; Human Development Report (Index) by, 107, 231; cooperation with Moldova, 236; in Uzbekistan, 443 United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP): cooperation with Kazakhstan, 161; cooperation with Uzbekistan, 445 United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): Azerbaijan in, 97; Kazakhstan in, 182; Ukrainian membership in, 377 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), 161 United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): cooperation with IFHC, 29; Armenia in, 55; Azerbaijan in, 9698; Kazakhstan in, 183;
Kyrgyzstan in, 201, 215-216; Moldova in, 236;
Index Russia in, 283; Tajikistan in, 307; Ukraine in, 377; Uzbekistan in, 441444 United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 96-97 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): cooperation with Azerbaijan, 88, 97; cooperation with Kazakhstan, 183 United Nations Human Rights Council, 58 United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), 161,183 United Nations International Conference on Afghanistan, 216 United Nations Joint Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 183 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 154, 183 United Nations peacekeeping fond, 181 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA): cooperation with Kazakhstan, 183; cooperation with Kyrgyzstan, 215 United Nations Regional Center for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia, 350 United Nations Security Council: resolution of, 97, 153, meeting (session) of, 113, 181-182,385; membership in, 167, 183, 261, 438; mandate from, 188; sanctions by, 256; member of, 303, 373, 377 United Nations Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, 182 United Nations Special Program for the Economies of Central Asia (SPECA), 161 United Nations Standby Arrangements System, 181 United Nations Volunteers (UNV), 183 United Tajik Opposition (UTO), 304 University of World Economy and Diplomacy, 423, 445 Unocal: in Azerbaijan, 101; in Afghanistan, 364 uranium: in Kazakhstan, 162,176-177; in Russia, 260, 275, 289-290,292; in Tajikistan, 300; in Uzbekistan, 413 Urumqi trading fair, 176 US Agency for International Development (USAID): in Armenia, 70; in Kyrgyzstan, 211 US ambassador: to Turkey, 58; to Azerbaijan, 95
513 US Armenia Joint Economic Taskforce (USATF), 69 US Central Command: and Kazakhstan, 179; and Tajikistan, 317-318 US Congress: approval in, 58; committee hearings in, 69; Armenian lobby in, 94; attitude of, 94; aid to Ukraine, 395; address of P. Poroshenko to, 396; Ukrainian lobby in, 396 US Department of State: critical position of, 56; initiative of, 77; financed by, 325; employee of, 374 US Freedom Support Act, 94 US House of Representatives, 94 US lobbyist circles, 374 US Navy, 278 US president: on Azerbaijan, 94-95; on Belarus, 131; on Kazakhstan, 180; on Russia, 276; on Ukraine, 394-395 US Trade and Development Agency (USTDA), 131 Ustyurt gas chemical complex, 414 Uzavtosanoat, 414 Uzbek Combine of Refractory and HeatResistant Metals, 413 Uzbek-British Council for Trade and Industry, 430 Uzbek-Chinese industrial high-tech park, 434 Uzbekenergo, 414 Uzbekistan Agency for Press and Information, 423 Uzbekistan National News Agency (UzA), 423 Uzbekistan State University of World Languages, 435 Uzbekistan-Turkmenistan-Iran-Oman transport corridor, 425 Uzbekneftegaz, 412 UzDaewooAuto, 414 Uzeltehsanoat association, 414 Uzkhimprom, 413 Uzselkhozmashholding, 414 Uztransgaz, 365 Valdai International Discussion Club, 270 Valiexchimp, 230 Vancouver Declaration on US-Russia relations, 275 Vermouth, 232 Versace, 232 Viking route, 399 visa regime: US-Armenia, 70; EUArmenia, 72; EU-Azerbaijan, 93; EU-Belarus, 128-130; US-Belarus, 131; Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan, 169;
514 Index Kazakhstan-China, 174; EU-Russia, 274; Tajikistan-Uzbekistan, 321; EUUkraine, 375-376, 391-392, 394; US-Ukraine, 375; China-Ukraine, 407; within CIS, 456; within EAEU, 463 Visegrad Group: Moldova and, 250; Ukraine and, 379, 381 Vnesheconombank (Bank for Development and Foreign Economie Affairs, VEB), 294 voluntary seclusion (self-isolation) policy, 348 Voronin, Vladimir, 243 Vorotan Cascade of hydroelectric power plants, 70 Vostokredmet, 300 Votel, Joseph, 318 Vozrozhdenie CJSC, 353 VTB Bank, 62 Wakhan Corridor, 297 war: Great Patriotic, 27-28, 39; on temor, 53, 180, 199, 203; WWIII, 56; against Azerbaijan, 76; with Armenia, 94; Great Northern, 106; Patriotic of 1812, 106; WWI, 106;WWII, 106; declare, 115-117, 382, 421; issue of, 148, 233-234, 267; in Tajikistan, 171, 217, 301, 303-304, 312, 318; Cold, 262,275; in Southern Caucasus, 266; in Ukraine, 267; in Syria, 278; rail, 322; party of, 376; opposes, 420 Warsaw Pact 1955, 276 Water and Energy Pact of Central Asian countries, 160 Water for Life, 307 water supply problem: in Kazakhstan, 158-160; and Kyrgyzstan, 196; in Moldova, 230-231; and Tajikistan, 307; in Turkmenistan, 336 Weimar Triangle, 381 West 2013 exercises, 124 Western Military District, 124 Westminster International University, 431 White Vezha festival, 36 Wilson Amendment, 94 World Bank (WB): cooperation with Kazakhstan, 144, 160-161, 183; donor of Kyrgyzstan, 223; Moldova and, 231, 236,257; projects in Tajikistan, 325, 329; cooperation with Turkmenistan, 367; cooperation with Uzbekistan, 452^153 World Economic Forum, 231 World Forum of Ukrainians,
408 World Forum on Intercultural Dialog: CIS cultural event, 36; Azerbaijan organized, 98 World Health Organization (WHO): cooperation with Kazakhstan, 183; cooperation with Kyrgyzstan, 215; cooperation with Moldova, 236; Ukrainian membership in, 377; cooperation with Uzbekistan, 441 World order: democratic, 84; emerging, 266; new, 279 World Policy Conference, 277 World Trade Organization (WTO): principles of, 6; Armenia in, 59, 69; Azerbaijan and, 101-102; Kazakhstan in, 144, 160, 190; Kyrgyzstan in, 207, 215, 220-221; CIS and, 249; Moldova in, 253-254; Russia in, 286; Tajikistan in, 319, 330-331; Turkmenistan and, 366-367; Ukraine in, 375, 390, 391, 406; Uzbekistan and, 449; membership in, 471 World War I, 106 World War II, 106 World Water Forum, 307 Wömer, Manfred: visit to Belarus, 132; visit to Almaty, 186 Xeres, 232 Xi Jinping: Eurasian integration, 19-20; contacts with N. Nazarbaev, 174-175; CICA 2014 summit, 186; visit to Kyrgyzstan, 213; meeting with V. Putin, 280; gas pipeline from Turkmenistan, 354; visit to Uzbekistan, 433—434 Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region: Kazakhstan and 174-176; pipeline through, 281; trade of Tajikistan with, 317 Yamal-Europe gas pipeline, 106-123 Yanukovych, Victor: Ukrainian crisis, 271; political process, 374-376; doctrinal documents, 380; multifaceted principle, 388; CIS free trade zone, 388; association with EU, 393; meeting with B. Obama, 395396; condemnation, 396; gas negotiations, 402-403; visit to China, 406-407; UN General Debate, 474 Yatsenyuk, Arseniy: association with EU, 394; visit to US, 396; debt-book diplomacy, 404; UN
General Debate, 474 Yavoriv firing range, 396
Index Yazidi community, 44 Yeltsin, Boris: CIS, 5֊6; Armenian genocide: 57; Belamsian-Russian association, 121-122; Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, 208; democrats, 262; resign, 264; visits to US, 275; visits to China, 279; Black See Fleet, 386,401; visit to Kyiv, 386 Yerevan Brandy Factory, 73 Yerevan State University: discussion of doctrinal documents, 50; formation of diplomats, 55 yomut, 334 yuan, 281 Yury Bashmet International Festival, 36 Yushchenko, Viktor: Transnistria negotiations, 243; color-coded revolution, 271; political process, 515 374-375; National Security and Defense Council, 383; political line, 387-388; visit to US, 388; association with EU, 392; GUAM, 399; gas negotiations, 402—403 ; UN General Debate, 474 Zannier Lamberto, 212 Zaporizhstal, 370 Zarubezhneft: in Africa, 288; in Turkmenistan, 352 Zenawi, Meles, 288 zero option, 261 Zhetysu Antiterror-2014 exercises, 153 zinc: in Azerbaijan, 82; in Moldova, 229; outside Russia, 289; in Tajikistan, 298, 316; in Uzbekistan, 414 Zlenko, Anatoly, 397
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Degterev, Denis Andreevich Kurylev, Konstantin Petrovič 1975- |
| author2_role | edt edt |
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| author_GND | (DE-588)1195649975 (DE-588)1176203282 |
| author_facet | Degterev, Denis Andreevich Kurylev, Konstantin Petrovič 1975- |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045681725 |
| classification_rvk | ML 6600 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1127299594 (DE-599)BVBBV045681725 |
| discipline | Politologie |
| era | Geschichte 1991- gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1991- |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:24:50Z |
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| isbn | 9781626377851 1626377855 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Foreign policies of the CIS states a comprehensive reference edited by Denis Degterev ; Konstantin Kurylev Boulder ; London Lynne Rienner Publishers 2019 ix, 515 Seiten Karte, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (DE-588)2128486-6 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1991- gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd rswk-swf Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd rswk-swf Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (DE-588)2128486-6 b Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Geschichte 1991- z DE-604 Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 s Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 s Degterev, Denis Andreevich (DE-588)1195649975 edt Kurylev, Konstantin Petrovič 1975- (DE-588)1176203282 edt Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031065191&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031065191&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Foreign policies of the CIS states a comprehensive reference Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (DE-588)2128486-6 gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)2128486-6 (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4072885-7 (DE-588)4170174-4 |
| title | Foreign policies of the CIS states a comprehensive reference |
| title_auth | Foreign policies of the CIS states a comprehensive reference |
| title_exact_search | Foreign policies of the CIS states a comprehensive reference |
| title_full | Foreign policies of the CIS states a comprehensive reference edited by Denis Degterev ; Konstantin Kurylev |
| title_fullStr | Foreign policies of the CIS states a comprehensive reference edited by Denis Degterev ; Konstantin Kurylev |
| title_full_unstemmed | Foreign policies of the CIS states a comprehensive reference edited by Denis Degterev ; Konstantin Kurylev |
| title_short | Foreign policies of the CIS states |
| title_sort | foreign policies of the cis states a comprehensive reference |
| title_sub | a comprehensive reference |
| topic | Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (DE-588)2128486-6 gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten Außenpolitik Internationale Politik Mitgliedsstaaten |
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