Infernul roman: simboluri, imagistică, realitate
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Timişoara
Editura Universităţii de Vest
2018
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| adam_text | Cuprins Prefaţă. Infernul roman şi plăcerea perfecţiunii (Dan Negrescu).........................7 Argument.................................................................................................... ........11 1. Terminologie infernală latină.......................................................................... 19 2. Concepţia romană despre infern. Ideatică şi imagine.....................................57 2.1. Credinţa generală. Posibile izvoare ale concepţiei religioase despre infern................................................... 57 2.1.1. Funeraliile imperiale romane. Apoteoza imperatorilor.................. 78 2.2. Influenţa civilizaţiei etrusce.................................................................. 101 2.3. Influenţa civilizaţiei greceşti................................................................ 133 3. Vergilius şi infernul suprem........................................................................... 147 3.1. Realitatea infernală............................................................................... 147 3.1.1. Ideologia augustană....................................................................... 150 3.1.2. Caracterul augural şi întoarcerea la origini...................................158 3.1.3. Profeţia Iui Anchise şi scutul lui Aeneas ca reflecţii asupra istoriei manipulate........................................... 162 3.1.4. Reformarea Romei ca intenţie epopeică de factură augustană. Arta în slujba imperialismului...................................................... 193 3.2.
Imagistică............................................................................................. 202 3.2.1. Topografia infernală...................................................................... 211 3.2.2. Pătrunderea în infern..................................................................... 213 3.2.3. Infernul...........................................................................................216 3.2.4. Prima secţiune a infernului. Campi lugentes............................... 241 3.2.5. Tartarul...........................................................................................261 3.2.6. Câmpiile Elysee............................................................................ 275 3.3. Simboluri...............................................................................................278 4. Apocolocyntosis. Infernul şi răzbunarea literară............................................ 311 4.1. Imago vitae. Imago mortis.................................................................... 312 4.2. Exilul şi clemenţa. Consolatio ad Polybium........................................313 4.3. Quinquennium aureum......................................................................... 320 4.4. Ludus de morte Claudii. Apocolocyntosis............................................ 345 4.5. Infernul.................................................................................................. 382 5. Concluzii......................................................................................................... 399 6. Bibliografie
.................................................................................................... 403 5
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Concluzii Moartea şi lumea de apoi s-au dovedit a fi originea şi centrul cultural al lu mii antice, asteli încât autorii vremii au apelat la cele două concepte aferente: moartea şi infernul. Prin urmare, studiul de faţă a încercat reliefarea concep telor şi conceptelor conexe, aşa cum sunt ele conturate şi definite în Antichi tatea romană, precum şi în spaţiul cultural de limbă latină. Raportându-ne cu precădere la epopeea vergiliană, Eneida, deopotrivă şi la sursele care au stat la baza formării sale, de la cele culturale, la cele religioase sau politice. ín com pletarea imaginii politice şi propagandistice a infernului vergilian, se adaugă abordarea critică, incisivă, a lui Seneca din satira manipee, Apocolocyntosis. Una din principalele mize ale studiului de faţă a fost să urmărească mani era în care religia, politica şi istoria au manipulat percepţia literară, precum şi conexiunile ce se creează între istorie, religie şi literatură. Perspectiva socială, proprie păturii mijlocii, a fost conturată cu ajutorul elementelor arhitecturale, artistice, dar, în principal de obiectele fUnerare. Lanţul influenţelor religioase, pornind de la strămoşii etrusci, continuând cu vecinii greci şi terminând cu popoarele Orientului, a demonstrat că procesul de realizare a practicilor Ame rare şi raportul individual cu lumea de apoi este conturat din multiple versiuni şi variante mai mult sau mai puţin asemănătoare. Cultele ce nu au putut fi eliminate au fost asimilate, iar cultele pofiadé au pălit în faţa celor htoniene, a căror importanţă am subliniat-o în studiul imaginarului
infernal. Modalitatea de îngropare, incinerare sau înhumare a reprezentat una dintre problematicile puse în atenţie în vederea descifrării însemnaţii ritului funerar roman, în condi ţiile în care prevalenta uneia reflectă concepţia despre lumea de apoi a celui în cauză sau a familiei sale. Cremarea arată, pe lângă igiena caracteristică, credinţa în faptul că trapul este o închisoare a trapului, iar arderea acestuia va face posibilă eliberarea completă. ín lipsa unui trap material, cel mort nu se va mai putea întoarce pe a-і bântui pe cei vii. Pe de altă parte, locul de veci al trapului sau al rămăşiţelor acestuia va reprezenta garantul accesului în lumea de apoi, credinţă cu care se confruntă şi Aeneas înaintea catabasei. Călătoria în infern a lui Aeneas demonstrează necesitatea unui parcurs spiri tual şi gnoseologic ce se transformă în pretext al revelării istorice şi a realităţii 399
civilizate. Rolul etic şi moral al coborârii în straturile pământului reflectă percepţia religioasă contemporană, în condiţiile în care infernul reprezintă o continuitate a mundanului. Materia îşi pierde substanţa, iar lumea de apoi se compune din simulacre şi umbre al căror sistem de idei se bazează pe filosofia stoică şi epicureică. Multiplele faţete ale hiperrealităţii infernale au demon strat că epopeea vergiliană exprimă o ierarhie a răului ce trebuie prevenită şi combătută prin urmarea politicii augustane, ale cărei principale expresii sunt pax romana şi pietas. Ultimul capitol al studiului de faţă a fost dedicat operei senecane, în al cărei conţinut am căutat şi exemplificat raportul şi concepţia auctorială cu privire la moarte şi infern. Preocupat îndelung de cele două problematici, lucrările lui Seneca relevă diferite aspecte asupra aceluiaşi subiect, cea mai mare deo sebire producându-se între modul de abordare identificat în tragedii şi cel din satira manipee, Apocolocyntosis. Interesul nostru a fost să notăm fondul mito logic şi cultic comun la care scriitorul face apel în toate lucrările sale, pentru a reliefa, în această manieră, gândirea comună romanilor. Adstratul a fost con stituit din analiza elementelor gnomice, ca parte a influenţei exercitate asupra culturii romane şi din percepţia personală conturată de miza politică. Urmărind din punct de vedere literar şi istoric cele două lucrări, s-a obser vat şi demonstrat printr-o modalitate comparativă că perspectiva auctorială este puternic influenţată de contextul socio-politic şi de aportul personal pus
în relaţie şi în raport cu structurala politică. Vergilius urmează conturarea şi con struirea unei istorii romane ce să conveargă cu principiile trasate de Octavian Augustus în vederea manipulării timpurilor. O problemă ce s-a ridicat a fost cea a triplei apartenenţe: de trecut, de prezentul socio-politic şi de viitor, în condiţiile în care Vergilius face o istorie pro domo sua. Nedumeririle istorice au fost clarificate cu ajutorul scrierilor antice, cu precădere cele ale lui Tacitus, Suetonius şi Dio Cassius, din cuprinsul cărora am încercat să eliminăm nota de subiectivism şi aservire politică. Expunerea datelor istorice a fost nece sară pentru a permite o înţelegere cât mai clară a intenţiei textuale. Asemeni precum întreaga epopee vergiliană evocă fondarea imperiului roman, aşa se conturează şi întreaga istorie în interiorul infernului. La nivel micro, infernul este un spaţiu ce are menirea de a reflecta societatea contemporană şi aştep tările acesteia. Geoficţiunea descrie, în această manieră, un spaţiu imaginar şi ipotetic. Fiecare categorie a păcătoşilor, fiecare meditaţie asupra factorilor socio-politici devine un prilej de reflecţie. Vergilius se foloseşte de conceptul de infern pentru a lumina comportamente şi universuri politice, iar Seneca se îndreaptă în aceeaşi direcţie, însă, într-o modalitate distinctă, mult mai incisivă. 400
Ambele lucrări puse sub analiză în studiul întreprins acoperă secolul de aur augustan, de la începturi şi până aproape de colapsul său, al cărui sfârşit iminent se resimte în timpul guvernării neroniene. Istoria devine, în acest punct, experienţă personală şi modalitate de manipulare. Tipul acesta de lite ratură implică deopotrivă cazuistica şi priza la real, aspecte ce vin să contu reze caracterul fictional şi propagandistic. Tehnica vergiliană de compunere a mesajului ţinteşte spre expansiunea realului şi înspre dimensiunea ideatică, ce vine, cu precădere, dinspre filosofia stoică, cea epicureică şi cea pitagoreică. Studiul nostru scoate în evidenţă realitatea religioasă şi politică din spa tele conceptelor de moarte şi infern. în consecinţă, opera lui Vergilius şi cea lui Seneca, precum şi concepţia generală a romanilor despre lumea de apoi, stau drept piatră de temelie în conturarea a ceea ce avea să se definească prin conceptul de infern literar european, aspect dovedit de nenumăratele referinţe şi reinterpretări ulterioare. Ceea ce am încercat să facem a fost să privim, por nind dinspre general înspre particular, concepţia romană asupra morţii şi lumii de apoi în aşa-numitul secol de aur augustan, cu speranţa că o nouă privire proaspătă asupra acestui subiect ne va conduce spre noi perspective. 401
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| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Lazarescu, Roxana ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_GND | (DE-588)118300768X |
| author_facet | Lazarescu, Roxana ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Lazarescu, Roxana ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_variant | r l rl |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045550112 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1096347114 (DE-599)BVBBV045550112 |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| spelling | Lazarescu, Roxana ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)118300768X aut Infernul roman: simboluri, imagistică, realitate Roxana Lazarescu Infernul roman Timişoara Editura Universităţii de Vest 2018 428 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Colecţia Biblioteca de cercetare. Seria Filologie Dissertation Universitatea de Vest din Timişoara, Facultatea de Litere, Istorie şi Teologie 2016 Wahrnehmung (DE-588)4064317-7 gnd rswk-swf Symbol (DE-588)4058716-2 gnd rswk-swf Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 gnd rswk-swf Wirklichkeit (DE-588)4066380-2 gnd rswk-swf Hölle Motiv (DE-588)4134393-1 gnd rswk-swf Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 gnd rswk-swf Römisches Reich (DE-588)4076778-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift 2016 gnd-content Jenseitsvorstellung, römisch (DE-2581)TH000006590 gbd Römisches Reich (DE-588)4076778-4 g Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 s Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 s Hölle Motiv (DE-588)4134393-1 s Symbol (DE-588)4058716-2 s Wahrnehmung (DE-588)4064317-7 s Wirklichkeit (DE-588)4066380-2 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030934106&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030934106&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030934106&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Lazarescu, Roxana ca. 20./21. Jh Infernul roman: simboluri, imagistică, realitate Wahrnehmung (DE-588)4064317-7 gnd Symbol (DE-588)4058716-2 gnd Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 gnd Wirklichkeit (DE-588)4066380-2 gnd Hölle Motiv (DE-588)4134393-1 gnd Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 gnd |
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| title | Infernul roman: simboluri, imagistică, realitate |
| title_alt | Infernul roman |
| title_auth | Infernul roman: simboluri, imagistică, realitate |
| title_exact_search | Infernul roman: simboluri, imagistică, realitate |
| title_full | Infernul roman: simboluri, imagistică, realitate Roxana Lazarescu |
| title_fullStr | Infernul roman: simboluri, imagistică, realitate Roxana Lazarescu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infernul roman: simboluri, imagistică, realitate Roxana Lazarescu |
| title_short | Infernul roman: simboluri, imagistică, realitate |
| title_sort | infernul roman simboluri imagistica realitate |
| topic | Wahrnehmung (DE-588)4064317-7 gnd Symbol (DE-588)4058716-2 gnd Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 gnd Wirklichkeit (DE-588)4066380-2 gnd Hölle Motiv (DE-588)4134393-1 gnd Literatur (DE-588)4035964-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Wahrnehmung Symbol Gesellschaft Wirklichkeit Hölle Motiv Literatur Römisches Reich Hochschulschrift 2016 |
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