"Civilní architektura" ve službách státu teoretická východiska, instituce, styl a tvůrci na Moravě 1750-1840
Abstract: During the reign of the empress Maria Theresa and in particular of her successor Joseph II, the Habsburg monarchy went through substantial changes. The state took control of parts of public life which had until then been independent. Besides arts, which started to be controlled through the...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Brno
2014
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | kostenfrei |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Zusammenfassung: | Abstract: During the reign of the empress Maria Theresa and in particular of her successor Joseph II, the Habsburg monarchy went through substantial changes. The state took control of parts of public life which had until then been independent. Besides arts, which started to be controlled through the state academy, architecture became the centre of attention. Architecture regulated by state was supposed to observe the so called architectura civilis (Bürgerliche Baukunst) the principles of which had been formulated by German and Austrian theoreticians and mathematicians in the second half of the 18th century. The main features typical for the architectura civilis were simplicity, practicality and economy, which suited the enlightened state. Architects and engineers with profound theoretical knowledge who were able to respond to a wide spectrum of assignments became important for the intentions of the state. Designers who did not make part of the guild structure and who had such wide competences that they could design architecture normally designed by engineers – fortifications, roads, and bridges were considered as ideal. As a result, the state started to interfere in the way architects of the new type were educated. As the architectura civilis was taught at engineering academies only as a supplement to fortress construction, the new needs led to the reform of the academy. Consequently, in the year 1786 a class of practical construction, where the architectura civilis was taught, was established. Engineering academies and the Viennese academy of fine arts had a monopoly on such architecture supported by the state until the first Austrian polytechnic schools were established at the beginning of the 19th century. Owing to a sufficient number of educated architects and engineers, the state could establish institutions of power – offices which supervised the principles of the architectura civilis. In the 16th century, the first centrally controlled state institution responsible for buildings was the court building office. Its powers were divided during the reign of the emperor Joseph II between the Provincial Building Directorates (Provinzial Baudirekzion), which were seated in each crown land. These offices were staffed by engineers who had previously worked as geometricians or road designers in the service of Moravian estates. This work focuses on the development of the building directorate in Brno, which was responsible for the building production in Moravia and Silesia from 1788. The posts of the architects of the directorate were occupied by Gottlieb Nigelli and Josef Dewez who came to Brno from Vienna. Both architects, who were linked with the Hofbauamt and with the academy in Moravia, pursued the norms prescribed at the court. Such norms included for example three types of churches or a prescribed appearance of schools and parsonages. The building office, which ceased to exist only after 1848, promoted economical and utilitarian buildings throughout the first half of the 19th century. Many of these buildings were designed by architects working for the office, such as the adaptations of old monastery buildings, new churches, the land prison in Brno or the city theatre in Opava; Josef Dewez designed among others for example the statue of Joseph II near Slavíkovice. The last chapter of the work focuses on the bibliography of significant engineers and architects working in the service of the estates and the state in Moravia at the turn of the 19th century, such as Johann Anton Krzoupal von Grünnenberg, Josef Anneis, Josef Finkoir, Johann Karl Hromadko, Thomas Widlák, Gottlieb Nigelli, Karl Jacobi von Eckholm and Josef Dewez |
|---|---|
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (242 Seiten) |