Legal writing and analysis in a nutshell
"This book provides a ten-step guide to clear, precise, and effective legal writing and analysis for both law students and experienced lawyers. It gives the keys to writing legal memoranda and briefs, organizing analysis, crafting clear and concise sentences, using legal language accurately, us...
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
St. Paul, Minn.
West Academic Publishing
[2017]
|
| Ausgabe: | Fifth edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | Nutshell series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | West Academic Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV044531532 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20180416 | ||
| 007 | t| | ||
| 008 | 171010s2017 xx a||| b||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9781634602815 |9 978-1-63460-281-5 | ||
| 020 | |a 1634602811 |9 1634602811 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV044531532 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-M382 | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Bahrych, Lynn |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)174020228 |4 aut | |
| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Legal writing in a nutshell |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Legal writing and analysis in a nutshell |c Lynn Bahrych (J.D. Ph.D., attorney at law), Jeanne Merino (lecturer in residence, director, first-year legal research and writing, Stanford Law School), Beth McLellan (lecturer in residence, Stanford Law School) |
| 250 | |a Fifth edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a St. Paul, Minn. |b West Academic Publishing |c [2017] | |
| 300 | |a XXVI, 400 Seiten |b Illustrationen | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Nutshell series | |
| 505 | 8 | |a Basic steps to legal writing and analysis -- Legal analysis -- Large-scale organization -- Small-scale organization -- Language in the legal setting -- Advisory writing -- Advocacy writing -- Sentence design -- Punctuation and grammar -- Final steps : editing, proofreading, formatting citations and quotations -- Appendix A. Sample legal materials and documents -- Appendix B. Individual writing analysis and microgrammar -- Appendix C. Glossary of words commonly misused in legal writing -- Appendix D. Selected sources | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "This book provides a ten-step guide to clear, precise, and effective legal writing and analysis for both law students and experienced lawyers. It gives the keys to writing legal memoranda and briefs, organizing analysis, crafting clear and concise sentences, using legal language accurately, using grammar and punctuation properly, writing persuasively using classical rhetorical techniques. The book describes a method for analyzing and improving individual writing style includes a sample analysis. It also includes new material on using plain English and new legal documents to illustrate effective writing techniques."-- | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Recht | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Schriftsatz |0 (DE-588)4053305-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Recht |0 (DE-588)4048737-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a USA | |
| 651 | 7 | |a USA |0 (DE-588)4078704-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Legal composition | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Law / United States / Language | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Law / Language | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Legal composition | |
| 653 | 2 | |a United States | |
| 653 | 6 | |a Study guides | |
| 653 | 6 | |a Study guides | |
| 653 | 6 | |a Electronic books | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Schriftsatz |0 (DE-588)4053305-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Recht |0 (DE-588)4048737-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a USA |0 (DE-588)4078704-7 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | |8 1\p |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Merino, Jeanne |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a McLellan, Beth |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 775 | 0 | 8 | |i Revision of |a Bahrych, Lynn |t Legal writing in a nutshell |b Fourth edition |z 9780314906915 |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Print version |a Bahrych, Lynn |s Legal writing in a nutshell |t Legal writing and analysis in a nutshell |b Fifth edition |d St. Paul, MN : West Academic Publishing, [2017] |z 9781634602815 |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 1634602811 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://subscription.westacademic.com/Book/Detail/25181 |3 West Academic |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m SWB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029930811&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029930811 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819687889140711424 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | OUTLINE
PREFACE V
INTRODUCTION VII
CHAPTER 1. BASIC STEPS TO LEGAL WRITING AND
ANALYSIS 1
§ 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
§ 1.2 FIRST STEP: IDENTIFY YOUR GOAL 1
§ 1.3 SECOND STEP: GATHER FACTS AND ANALYZE
LAW 3
§ 1.4 THIRD STEP: DRAFT PRELIMINARY OUTLINE 5
§ 1.5 FOURTH STEP: DRAFT DETAILED OUTLINE 6
§ 1.6 FIFTH STEP: WRITE FIRST DRAFT 7
§ 1.7 SIXTH STEP: LET YOUR DRAFT REST, THEN
REVISE 7
§ 1.8 SEVENTH STEP: CHECK CITATIONS, QUOTATIONS,
AND FORMAT 8
CHAPTER 2. LEGAL ANALYSIS 13
§ 2.1 INTRODUCTION 13
§ 2.2 HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITIES AND CHANGING
LAW 16
A. STARE DECISIS 16
B. COURT SYSTEMS AND HIERARCHY OF
AUTHORITIES 19
C. STATE AND FEDERAL COURT SYSTEMS 20
1. MANDATORY AUTHORITY 22
2. PERSUASIVE AUTHORITY 23
§ 2.3 READING AND UNDERSTANDING LEGAL
AUTHORITIES 25
XI
XII OUTLINE
A. UNDERSTANDING STATUTES 30
1. IDENTIFY WHAT THE STATUTE
DOES 30
2. READ THE STATUTE IN CONTEXT 31
3. USE INTERPRETIVE AIDS TO
CONSTRUE THE STATUTE 32
A. WHERE TO FIND THE PLAIN
MEANING OF A STATUTE 33
B. WHERE TO FIND THE
LEGISLATURE S INTENT 34
C. CANONS OF CONSTRUCTION 34
B. UNDERSTANDING CASES 35
C. HOW TO READ A CASE 38
1. STATEMENT OF FACTS 38
2. PROCEDURAL POSTURE AND
STANDARDS OF REVIEW 39
3. LEGAL TEST 40
A. IDENTIFY THE LEGAL TEST THAT
THE COURT USES TO DECIDE THE
CASE 40
B. TYPICAL STRUCTURE OF LEGAL
TESTS 41
4. THE HOLDING 43
5. DICTA 44
D. ANALYZING MULTIPLE AUTHORITIES 45
1. REASON IN LAYERS 45
2. IDENTIFY CORE SUBSTANTIVE RULE
AND ANCILLARY RULES 45
§ 2.4 APPLYING LEGAL RULES TO A FACTUAL
SITUATION 46
§ 2.5 REACHING A CONCLUSION 48
OUTLINE XIII
CHAPTER 3. LARGE-SCALE ORGANIZATION 51
§ 3.1 INTRODUCTION 51
§ 3.2 ORGANIZING ADVISORY AND ADVOCACY
WRITING 51
§ 3.3 ORGANIZING A DISCUSSION OR ARGUMENT
SECTION 53
A. USE AN EFFECTIVE STRUCTURE 53
B. CHOOSE A LOGICAL ORDER 54
1. LEGAL RULES OR TESTS 54
2. INTERDEPENDENT ISSUES 55
3. CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER 56
C. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 57
§ 3.4 ORGANIZING INDIVIDUAL ISSUES AND
SUB-ISSUES 59
§ 3.5 OUTLINING 61
CHAPTER 4. SMALL-SCALE ORGANIZATION 65
§ 4.1 INTRODUCTION 65
§ 4.2 DESIGNING PARAGRAPHS 65
A. WHY TO PARAGRAPH 65
B. UNIFY EACH PARAGRAPH 66
C. BEGIN WITH A TOPIC OR THESIS
SENTENCE 67
D. CONTROL PARAGRAPH LENGTH 67
E. TAKE ADVANTAGE OF LOCATION 68
§ 4.3 DESIGNING PARAGRAPH BLOCKS 69
A. ARRANGE PARAGRAPH BLOCKS IN
MEANINGFUL PATTERNS 69
B. USE EXPECTED PATTERNS LIKE CRAC 70
§ 4.4 USING TRANSITIONS 73
A. WHY TO TRANSITION 73
B. TRANSITIONAL PARAGRAPHS 73
C. TRANSITIONAL SENTENCES 74
XIV OUTLINE
D. SUBSTANTIVE TRANSITIONS BETWEEN
SENTENCES 76
E. TRANSITIONAL WORDS 77
1. CHOOSE PRECISE TRANSITIONAL
WORDS 77
2. PREFER SUBSTANTIVE TRANSITIONAL
WORDS 79
3. VARY TRANSITIONAL WORDS 79
§ 4.5 MORE ABOUT OUTLINING 80
CHAPTER 5. LANGUAGE IN THE LEGAL SETTING 83
§ 5.1 INTRODUCTION 83
§5.2 PRINCIPLES FOR MAKING WORD CHOICES 86
A. USE WORDS IN THEIR LITERAL SENSE 86
B. OMIT ARCHAIC LEGALISMS 87
C. USE THE SAME WORD TO REFER TO THE
SAME THING; USE DIFFERENT WORDS TO
REFER TO DIFFERENT THINGS 88
D. USE SIMPLE, FAMILIAR WORDS 89
E. USE CONCRETE RATHER THAN ABSTRACT
WORDS 90
F. USE WORDS THAT CREATE AN
APPROPRIATE TONE 91
G. AVOID EQUIVOCATIONS 91
H. USE UNQUALIFIED NOUNS, ADJECTIVES,
AND VERBS 92
I. USE FEW LITERARY DEVICES 93
J. AVOID JARGON FROM OTHER FIELDS 94
§ 5.3 A FEW BRIEF WORDS: REDUNDANCY IN LEGAL
WRITING 94
CHAPTER 6. ADVISORY WRITING 99
§ 6.1 INTRODUCTION 99
§6.2 LEGAL MEMORANDA 99
OUTLINE XV
A. PURPOSES OF LEGAL MEMORANDA 99
B. FORMAT 100
C. HEADING 101
D. INTRODUCTION 102
E. QUESTIONS PRESENTED 102
1. DRAFT THE ULTIMATE QUESTION 102
2. ORGANIZE AND FORMAT SPECIFIC
QUESTIONS 103
3. USE SUBQUESTIONS EFFECTIVELY 106
4. REVISE AND EDIT 106
F. BRIEF ANSWERS 106
G. STATEMENT OF FACTS 107
1. USE EFFECTIVE STYLE 108
2. ORGANIZE FOR CLARITY 108
3. REVISE AND EDIT 109
H. DISCUSSION ILL
1. WRITE OBJECTIVELY ILL
2. WRITE WITH YOUR READER IN
MIND 112
3. ORGANIZE YOUR ANALYSIS 113
A. LARGE-SCALE 113
B. SMALL-SCALE 114
4. EXPLAIN THE PERTINENT LAW 115
5. INCLUDE COMPLETE ARGUMENTS
AND COUNTER-ARGUMENTS 117
6. USE CONSERVATIVE STYLE AND
TONE 117
7. USE QUOTATIONS SELECTIVELY 118
I. CONCLUSION 118
§ 6.3 CLIENT LETTERS 119
§ 6.4 EMAIL 123
XVI OUTLINE
A. PERILS AND ETIQUETTE OF
COMMUNICATING VIA EMAIL AND
OTHER ELECTRONIC MEDIA 124
B. EMAIL ETIQUETTE: TEN SIMPLE
RULES 126
§ 6.5 REVISING, EDITING, AND PROOFREADING 129
CHAPTER 7. ADVOCACY WRITING 133
§ 7.1 INTRODUCTION 133
§ 7.2 LEGAL BRIEFS 133
A. PURPOSE OF A LEGAL BRIEF 133
B. PREPARATION FOR WRITING 134
1. KNOW THE RULES 134
2. SELECT YOUR ARGUMENTS 134
3. CONSIDER YOUR THEORY OF THE
CASE 135
C. COMPONENTS OF A LEGAL BRIEF 137
1. TABLE OF CONTENTS AND POINT
HEADINGS 137
A. EXAMPLE OF TABLE OF
CONTENTS 137
B. FORMATTING POINT
HEADINGS 138
C. DRAFTING POINT HEADINGS .... 138
D. EXAMPLE OF POINT HEADINGS
FROM OPPOSING BRIEFS 140
2. TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 142
3. QUESTIONS PRESENTED AND
INTRODUCTIONS 142
A. QUESTIONS PRESENTED 144
B. INTRODUCTIONS 146
C. SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT 147
4. THE STATEMENT OF THE FACTS 148
5. THE ARGUMENT 153
OUTLINE XVII
A. GENERAL WRITING GOALS 153
B. ORGANIZING THE ARGUMENT
SECTION OF YOUR BRIEF 153
C. CRAFTING A PERSUASIVE
RULE... 156
D. APPLYING THE LAW TO THE
FACTS OF YOUR CASE 158
E. COUNTER-ARGUMENT 158
6. THE CONCLUSION 159
§ 7.3 WRITING TO PERSUADE 159
A. WRITING STYLE 159
B. CONTROLLING TONE 160
C. CONSIDER THE PURPOSE OF YOUR
DOCUMENT AND YOUR AUDIENCE 164
D. USING RHETORICAL DEVICES FOR
PERSUASION 164
1. ACHIEVING EMPHASIS WITH
SENTENCE STRUCTURES 164
2. ACHIEVING EMPHASIS WITH
PARAGRAPHING 168
3. ACHIEVING EMPHASIS WITH
LANGUAGE 170
4. USING CLASSICAL DEVICES FOR
PERSUASION 173
5. AVOIDING INEFFECTIVE
EMPHASIS 175
§ 7.4 WRITING ADVOCACY LETTERS 175
CHAPTER 8. SENTENCE DESIGN 179
§ 8.1 INTRODUCTION 179
§ 8.2 PRINCIPLES OF SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION 179
A. BEGIN SENTENCES WITH THE SUBJECT OR
WITH OTHER SIGNIFICANT WORDS OR
PHRASES 179
XVIII OUTLINE
1. OPEN A SENTENCE WITH ITS
SUBJECT 179
2. PLACE TRANSITIONAL WORDS NEAR
THE SUBJECT 180
3. DO NOT ROUTINELY OPEN
SENTENCES WITH FULL CITATIONS.... 181
B. KEEP SUBJECT AND VERB CLOSE
TOGETHER 183
C. USE SUBJECT-VERB-OBJECT PATTERN 185
D. KEEP RELATED PARTS OF THE SENTENCE
TOGETHER 186
1. KEEP MODIFIERS NEXT TO THE
WORDS THEY MODIFY 186
2. AVOID MISPLACED MODIFIERS AT
THE BEGINNING OF A SENTENCE 188
3. AVOID MISPLACED MODIFIERS IN
THE MIDDLE OF A SENTENCE 188
4. AVOID SPLIT INFINITIVES WHEN
POSSIBLE 189
5. AVOID AMBIGUOUS MODIFIERS AT
THE END OF A SENTENCE 190
E. END SENTENCES SWIFTLY AND
EFFECTIVELY 191
1. PUT SIGNIFICANT WORDS OR
PHRASES IN THE FINAL POSITION 192
2. AVOID PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES IN
THE FINAL POSITION 193
§ 8.3 SENTENCE REVISION 193
A. A SIMPLE METHOD FOR REVISING
TROUBLESOME SENTENCES 193
1. FIRST, LIFT MAIN SUBJECT, VERB,
AND OBJECT FROM THE SENTENCE.... 193
OUTLINE XIX
2. SECOND, REMOVE IMPRECISE
SUBJECT-VERB COMBINATIONS 194
3. THIRD, REVISE FOR SUBJECT-VERB-
OBJECT ORDER 195
B. SIMPLE TECHNIQUES FOR SHORTENING
SENTENCES 196
1. DECONSTRUCT LONG SENTENCES 196
2. ELIMINATE UNNECESSARY WORDS... 196
3. CONVERT LONG COMPOUND
SENTENCES TO SHORTER
SENTENCES 198
4. TRANSFER INTERNAL CLAUSES OR
PARENTHETICAL EXPRESSIONS TO
ANOTHER SENTENCE 199
§ 8.4 TECHNIQUES TO ENHANCE READABILITY 199
A. USE SHORT AND MEDIUM-LENGTH
SENTENCES 199
B. MAKE ONE POINT PER SENTENCE 200
C. WHEN POSSIBLE, MAKE SENTENCES
AFFIRMATIVE, NOT NEGATIVE 201
D. USE PARALLELISM AND BALANCE IN
SENTENCE STRUCTURES 202
E. PROVIDE EXTRA STRUCTURAL CLUES 204
1. INCLUDE ESSENTIAL THAT 204
2. REPEAT SOME STRUCTURAL WORDS
TO IMPROVE READABILITY 205
§ 8.5 USEFUL SENTENCE PATTERNS FOR LEGAL
WRITING 206
A. BASIC SENTENCE TYPES 206
B. USEFUL PATTERNS: IF. . . THEN 209
C. USEFUL PATTERNS: STATING A RULE AND
EXCEPTION 210
XX OUTLINE
D. USEFUL PATTERNS: REVERSAL OF DIRECT
OBJECT AND PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES 211
E. USEFUL PATTERNS: PERIODIC
SENTENCE 211
§ 8.6 PRINCIPLES FOR AVOIDING AMBIGUOUS OR
CONFUSING SENTENCES 212
A. AVOID THE NOT. .. BECAUSE SENTENCE
PATTERN 212
B. AVOID AMBIGUOUS PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASES 213
1. INTRODUCTION 213
2. PLACE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
NEXT TO WHAT THEY MODIFY 214
3. AVOID STRINGS OF PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASES 214
4. BEWARE OF ADJACENT
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES 214
5. BEWARE OF WITH AND WITHOUT
PHRASES IN FINAL POSITION 215
C. AVOID SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH
RELATIVE PRONOUNS 215
CHAPTER 9. PUNCTUATION AND GRAMMAR 219
§ 9.1 INTRODUCTION 219
§ 9.2 PUNCTUATION 219
A. INTRODUCTION 219
B. USE OF THE COMMA 220
1. USE A COMPOUND SENTENCE
COMMA FOR CLARITY 220
2. DO NOT USE A COMMA WITH
COMPOUND SUBJECTS, VERBS, AND
OBJECTS 220
3. USE TWO COMMAS TO SET OFF
INTERRUPTIONS 221
OUTLINE XXI
4. USE COMMAS FOR NONRESTRICTIVE
PHRASES OR CLAUSES 222
5. USE A COMMA WITH WHICH BUT
NOT WITH THAT 222
6. DO NOT USE A COMMA TO
SEPARATE A LONG OR COMPOUND
SUBJECT FROM ITS VERB 223
7. USE AN INTRODUCTORY COMMA TO
SET OFF INTRODUCTORY WORDS,
PHRASES, OR CLAUSES 224
8. USE A SERIES COMMA 224
9. USE A CONTRASTING COMMA FOR
EMPHASIS 226
10. USE A COMMA TO SEPARATE
DEPENDENT FROM INDEPENDENT
CLAUSES 226
11. DO NOT USE A COMMA BEFORE
BECAUSE 226
12. USE A COMMA TO SEPARATE SOME
ADJECTIVES 227
13. USE A COMMA AFTER
PARENTHETICAL MATERIAL 227
14. PLACE A COMMA INSIDE
QUOTATION MARKS 227
15. USE COMMAS WITH NUMBERS 228
C. USE OF THE SEMICOLON 228
1. USE A SEMICOLON TO SEPARATE
TWO SENTENCES 228
2. USE A SEMICOLON TO SUBSTITUTE
FOR THE COMMA IN A COMPLEX
SERIES 229
3. PLACE A SEMICOLON OUTSIDE
QUOTATION MARKS 230
XXII OUTLINE
D. USE OF THE COLON 230
1. USE A COLON TO INTRODUCE A LIST
OR AN ENUMERATION 230
2. USE A COLON TO INTRODUCE AN
EXAMPLE, ILLUSTRATION, OR
ELABORATION 230
3. USE A COLON TO INTRODUCE
QUOTATIONS OR FORMAL
STATEMENTS 231
4. USE A COLON TO EMPHASIZE WHAT
FOLLOWS 231
5. PLACE A COLON OUTSIDE QUOTATION
MARKS 232
E. USE OF PARENTHESES 232
1. USE PARENTHESES TO SET OFF
POTENTIALLY AMBIGUOUS
PHRASES 232
2. USE PARENTHESES TO ENCLOSE
INTERRUPTIONS 233
3. USE CORRECT PUNCTUATION WITH
PARENTHESES 233
4. USE PARENTHESES TO ENCLOSE
NUMBERS AND LETTERS MARKING
DIVISIONS IN THE MAIN TEXT 233
F. USE OF THE HYPHEN 233
G. USE OF A DASH 234
1. USE THE DASH SPARINGLY 234
2. USE A DASH TO INDICATE A BREAK,
SHIFT, OR INTERRUPTION 235
3. USE A DASH TO EXPAND AN
IDEA 235
H. USE OF THE SLASH OR VIRGULE 236
I. USE OF QUOTATION MARKS 236
OUTLINE XXIII
J. USE OF THE APOSTROPHE 237
1. USE AN APOSTROPHE TO REFLECT
POSSESSION 237
2. USE ITS WHEN YOU NEED THE
POSSESSIVE FORM OF IT 238
3. USE AN APOSTROPHE TO INDICATE
OMISSION OF LETTERS 239
4. USE AN APOSTROPHE FOR CERTAIN
PLURALS 239
5. USE *S WITH GERUNDS BUT NOT
WITH PARTICIPLES 239
K. USE OF THE EXCLAMATION POINT 240
L. USE OF BRACKETS 241
M. USE OF ELLIPSIS POINTS 241
N. PUNCTUATION OF CITATIONS 243
O. USE OF ITALICS 243
P. USE OF NUMERALS AND SECTION
SYMBOLS 246
Q. PUNCTUATION OF STRUCTURED
ENUMERATION 247
§ 9.3 GRAMMAR 247
A. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT 248
1. BEWARE OF PHRASES BETWEEN
SUBJECT AND VERB 248
2. BEWARE OF LENGTHY SUBJECT
PHRASES OR CLAUSES 248
3. USE A PLURAL VERB WITH MOST
COMPOUND SUBJECTS 249
4. USE SINGULAR VERBS WITH MOST
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS AND
COLLECTIVE NOUNS 250
XXIV OUTLINE
5. MAKE FORMS OF TO BE AND
LINKING VERBS AGREE WITH THE
SUBJECT 251
B. USE OF WHO AND WHOM 252
C. USE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS 253
D. USE OF REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 255
E. WHICH TO USE: WHO, WHICH, OR
THAT 255
F. PRONOUN REFERENCE 256
1. AVOID PRONOUN CONFUSION BY
USING PROPER NAMES OR BY
REPEATING THE ANTECEDENT 256
2. AVOID THE INDEFINITE USE OF
IT 256
G. USE OF SEX-LINKED PRONOUNS 257
H. USE OF SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD 259
§ 9.4 POSTSCRIPT TO PUNCTUATION AND
GRAMMAR 260
CHAPTER 10. FINAL STEPS: EDITING,
PROOFREADING, FORMATTING CITATIONS AND
QUOTATIONS 261
§ 10.1 INTRODUCTION 261
§ 10.2 EDITING AND PROOFREADING 262
A. REFINE YOUR EDITING PROCESS 262
B. EDITING AND PROOFREADING TIPS 263
§ 10.3 FORMATTING CITATIONS AND QUOTATIONS 269
A. REMEMBER WHY WE CITE 269
B. MAKE CITATIONS PART OF YOUR WRITING
PROCESS 270
C. FORMAT CITATIONS CORRECTLY 270
D. USE QUOTATIONS CORRECTLY 278
1. EXCEPTION TO THE GOLDEN RULE 278
2. QUOTING DIRECTLY 279
OUTLINE XXV
3. PARAPHRASING 279
4. BLOCK QUOTATIONS 280
5. IDEAS FROM SECONDARY SOURCES ... 280
§ 10.4 A NOTE ABOUT WRITING SAMPLES 280
§ 10.5 CONCLUSION 282
APPENDIX A. SAMPLE LEGAL MATERIALS AND
DOCUMENTS 283
I. AUTHORS NOTE 283
II. WRITING A FORMAL CASE BRIEF 284
III. APPELLATE OPINION: WILSON V.
HOUSTON FUNERAL HOME 287
IV. SAMPLE CASE BRIEF: WILSON V. HOUSTON
FUNERAL HOME 292
V. OUTLINE FORMAT FOR RESEARCH
MEMORANDUM S DISCUSSION SECTION 297
VI. SAMPLE DETAILED MEMORANDUM OUTLINE,
ABRAMS V. SCOTT 299
VII. SAMPLE RESEARCH MEMORANDUM, ABRAMS
V. SCOTT 305
VIII. SAMPLE TRIAL BRIEF, ABRAMS V. SCOTT 313
APPENDIX B. INDIVIDUAL WRITING ANALYSIS
AND MICROGRAMMAR 323
I. INDIVIDUAL WRITING ANALYSIS 323
II. WRITING ANALYSIS WORKSHEET 339
III. A MICROGRAMMAR 342
APPENDIX C. GLOSSARY OF WORDS COMMONLY
MISUSED IN LEGAL WRITING 349
I. COMMON TRANSITIONAL WORDS AND
PHRASES 376
XXVI OUTLINE
APPENDIX D. SELECTED SOURCES 383
INDEX 389
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Bahrych, Lynn Merino, Jeanne McLellan, Beth |
| author_GND | (DE-588)174020228 |
| author_facet | Bahrych, Lynn Merino, Jeanne McLellan, Beth |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Bahrych, Lynn |
| author_variant | l b lb j m jm b m bm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044531532 |
| contents | Basic steps to legal writing and analysis -- Legal analysis -- Large-scale organization -- Small-scale organization -- Language in the legal setting -- Advisory writing -- Advocacy writing -- Sentence design -- Punctuation and grammar -- Final steps : editing, proofreading, formatting citations and quotations -- Appendix A. Sample legal materials and documents -- Appendix B. Individual writing analysis and microgrammar -- Appendix C. Glossary of words commonly misused in legal writing -- Appendix D. Selected sources |
| ctrlnum | (DE-599)BVBBV044531532 |
| edition | Fifth edition |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>03768nam a2200613 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV044531532</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20180416 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t|</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">171010s2017 xx a||| b||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781634602815</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-63460-281-5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1634602811</subfield><subfield code="9">1634602811</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV044531532</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-M382</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Bahrych, Lynn</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)174020228</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="240" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Legal writing in a nutshell</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Legal writing and analysis in a nutshell</subfield><subfield code="c">Lynn Bahrych (J.D. Ph.D., attorney at law), Jeanne Merino (lecturer in residence, director, first-year legal research and writing, Stanford Law School), Beth McLellan (lecturer in residence, Stanford Law School)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Fifth edition</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">St. Paul, Minn.</subfield><subfield code="b">West Academic Publishing</subfield><subfield code="c">[2017]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XXVI, 400 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Nutshell series</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Basic steps to legal writing and analysis -- Legal analysis -- Large-scale organization -- Small-scale organization -- Language in the legal setting -- Advisory writing -- Advocacy writing -- Sentence design -- Punctuation and grammar -- Final steps : editing, proofreading, formatting citations and quotations -- Appendix A. Sample legal materials and documents -- Appendix B. Individual writing analysis and microgrammar -- Appendix C. Glossary of words commonly misused in legal writing -- Appendix D. Selected sources</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"This book provides a ten-step guide to clear, precise, and effective legal writing and analysis for both law students and experienced lawyers. It gives the keys to writing legal memoranda and briefs, organizing analysis, crafting clear and concise sentences, using legal language accurately, using grammar and punctuation properly, writing persuasively using classical rhetorical techniques. The book describes a method for analyzing and improving individual writing style includes a sample analysis. It also includes new material on using plain English and new legal documents to illustrate effective writing techniques."--</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Recht</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Schriftsatz</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4053305-0</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Recht</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4048737-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">USA</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">USA</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078704-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Legal composition</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Law / United States / Language</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Law / Language</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Legal composition</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">United States</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="6"><subfield code="a">Study guides</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="6"><subfield code="a">Study guides</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="6"><subfield code="a">Electronic books</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Schriftsatz</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4053305-0</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Recht</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4048737-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">USA</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078704-7</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Merino, Jeanne</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">McLellan, Beth</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="775" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Revision of</subfield><subfield code="a">Bahrych, Lynn</subfield><subfield code="t">Legal writing in a nutshell</subfield><subfield code="b">Fourth edition</subfield><subfield code="z">9780314906915</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Print version</subfield><subfield code="a">Bahrych, Lynn</subfield><subfield code="s">Legal writing in a nutshell</subfield><subfield code="t">Legal writing and analysis in a nutshell</subfield><subfield code="b">Fifth edition</subfield><subfield code="d">St. Paul, MN : West Academic Publishing, [2017]</subfield><subfield code="z">9781634602815</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">1634602811</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://subscription.westacademic.com/Book/Detail/25181</subfield><subfield code="3">West Academic</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">SWB Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029930811&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029930811</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | USA |
| id | DE-604.BV044531532 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-24T06:10:27Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781634602815 1634602811 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029930811 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M382 |
| owner_facet | DE-M382 |
| physical | XXVI, 400 Seiten Illustrationen |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | West Academic Publishing |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Nutshell series |
| spellingShingle | Bahrych, Lynn Merino, Jeanne McLellan, Beth Legal writing and analysis in a nutshell Basic steps to legal writing and analysis -- Legal analysis -- Large-scale organization -- Small-scale organization -- Language in the legal setting -- Advisory writing -- Advocacy writing -- Sentence design -- Punctuation and grammar -- Final steps : editing, proofreading, formatting citations and quotations -- Appendix A. Sample legal materials and documents -- Appendix B. Individual writing analysis and microgrammar -- Appendix C. Glossary of words commonly misused in legal writing -- Appendix D. Selected sources Recht Schriftsatz (DE-588)4053305-0 gnd Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4053305-0 (DE-588)4048737-4 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | Legal writing and analysis in a nutshell |
| title_alt | Legal writing in a nutshell |
| title_auth | Legal writing and analysis in a nutshell |
| title_exact_search | Legal writing and analysis in a nutshell |
| title_full | Legal writing and analysis in a nutshell Lynn Bahrych (J.D. Ph.D., attorney at law), Jeanne Merino (lecturer in residence, director, first-year legal research and writing, Stanford Law School), Beth McLellan (lecturer in residence, Stanford Law School) |
| title_fullStr | Legal writing and analysis in a nutshell Lynn Bahrych (J.D. Ph.D., attorney at law), Jeanne Merino (lecturer in residence, director, first-year legal research and writing, Stanford Law School), Beth McLellan (lecturer in residence, Stanford Law School) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Legal writing and analysis in a nutshell Lynn Bahrych (J.D. Ph.D., attorney at law), Jeanne Merino (lecturer in residence, director, first-year legal research and writing, Stanford Law School), Beth McLellan (lecturer in residence, Stanford Law School) |
| title_short | Legal writing and analysis in a nutshell |
| title_sort | legal writing and analysis in a nutshell |
| topic | Recht Schriftsatz (DE-588)4053305-0 gnd Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Recht Schriftsatz USA |
| url | https://subscription.westacademic.com/Book/Detail/25181 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029930811&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bahrychlynn legalwritinginanutshell AT merinojeanne legalwritinginanutshell AT mclellanbeth legalwritinginanutshell AT bahrychlynn legalwritingandanalysisinanutshell AT merinojeanne legalwritingandanalysisinanutshell AT mclellanbeth legalwritingandanalysisinanutshell |