Yugoslavia and Macedonia before Tito between repression and integration
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| adam_text | YUGOSLAVIA AND
MACEDONIA
BEFORE TITO
Between Repression and Integration
NADABOSKOVSKA
IBTAURIS
LONDON · NEWYORK
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations xi
List of Maps xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Introduction 1
Names and Terms 2
On the Establishment of Yugoslavia 10
The Current State of Research 13
Aims of this Study 17
Regarding Sources 21
1 The Politics of the 1920s 23
A Difficult Start for the New State 23
The Macedonian Party 38
Uprising in Vardar Macedonia? 45
Relaxation of the Tension 1924-5 48
1927: Intensified Terror and Counter-Terror 51
2 Political Developments in the 1930s 69
Hopes in a Dictatorship 69
1931: Coerced Constitution and Sham Parliamentarism 74
The Stojadinovic Era, 1935-9 : Economic Recovery,
Political Revival 78
Movement among the Macedonian Intelligentsia 84
The Lucists 88
Even the last shepherd became an official here, if only he was
from Serbia and a Serb 92
The 25th Anniversary of South Serbia s Liberation 94
VIII YUGOSLAVIA ANDMACEDONIA BEFORE TITO
The Macedonian Parliamentarians 100
Contacts between the Macedonian Movement and the
United Opposition 102
In Expectation of Changes 105
The Understanding with the Croats 112
Skopje as Seat of the Serbian Lands 116
Macedonia and the War 118
Measures against Autonomism and Separatism 122
3· Economy and Finances 129
The Yugoslav Economy 129
Vardar Macedonia: Passive Region or Garden of Eden? 131
Industry 136
Crafts and Trade 140
Finances 142
The 100-Million-Dinar Loan 149
Investments and Development? 153
Skopje as a Model City 160
4 Agriculture 162
Agricultural Reform and Colonisation 162
Crops and Agricultural Problems 172
The Loan System 180
Animal Breeding 181
The Agricultural Policy of the Stojadinovic Government 186
The Most Crying Grievance : The Tobacco Monopoly 187
Opium: The Demise of a Lucrative Industry 200
5 The Educational System 209
The Elementary Schools 209
Secondary School Education 223
Nationalisation and Assimilation through the Schools? 232
University Education 236
6 Transport and Communications 248
The Road Network 248
The Railway 252
The Media 257
Language 264
CONTENTS IX
Conclusion 270
The Classical or the Primitive South? 270
Officials, Teachers and Gendarmes 272
The Economy 275
Modest Investments 277
The Failure of Yugoslav Integration 278
The Unsuccessful Serbianisation of Macedonia 281
Macedonia for the Macedonians 284
The Elites in a Dilemma 287
Macedonia as a Special Case within Yugoslavia? 288
Notes 293
B tbliography 339
Index 351
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INDEX
Ačimovič, Jordan, 81, 100, 158
Ačimovič, Viktor, 111, 262
agriculture
animal breeding, 181
barriers to modernisation, 172
colonisation policy, see colonisation policy
cotton growing, 179
crisis in, 173
critiques of policy, 179
fertile land, 164
as government priority, 130
Great Depression, 174, 176
land reform, 162
loan system, 180
opium industry, 177, 200
reform, 162
silkworm cultivation, 177
slaughterhouse in Skopje, project for, 182
Stojadinovic government policy, 130,
186, 198
tobacco policy, 187
Yugoslavia as agricultural country, 129
Albania
Albanian minority in Yugoslavia, 2, 10,
23, 100, 119, 168, 222, 264
establishment of, 132
illiteracy, 209
IMRO activities, 47, 53, 66, 275
Italy and, 59, 132
Macedonian students in, 226, 242
relations with, 13, 77
trade with, 132, 133, 139, 253, 255
Aleksandrov, Todor, 25, 47
Alexander I, King
assassination 1934, 77
constitution of 1931, 74
dictatorship 1929-34, 68, 69
interest in Macedonia, 71, 254
Macedonia visit 1924, 44
statue of, 94
Yugoslavianism policy, 74
Allied (Entente) Powers, establishment of
Yugoslavia, 11
Altiparmakovic, Jovan, 94, 124, 149, 220,
288
Anastasijevic, Gligor, 39, 40-3
Andonov-Cento, Metodija, 15, 127
animal breeding, see agriculture
Arsic, Borisav, 91, 285
Arsic, Strahinja, 97
Austria
Anschluss with Germany, 113, 285
trade with, 133
Austria-Hungary, see Hapsburg Empire
Balkan Federation, 12, 16, 24, 25, 57, 288
Balkan War 1912, 5
Bombolovic, Jovan Kosta, 192
Bosnia-Herzegovina
ethnic violence 1918—19, 23
parliamentary representation, 43
political reform demands, 76
Brailsford, Henry N., 106
Britain, see United Kingdom
Brown, Edward, 3, 105
budget, see economy
Bulgaria
and Balkan Pact 1934, 77
chronological scope of current study, 20
historical research on Macedonia, 16
352
Yugoslavia and Macedonia Before Tito
IMRO and, 77
influence in Macedonia, 35, 36
Macedonia annexation 1941, 128
Macedonia claims, 5, 19, 175
Macedonia occupation 1915, 52
Macedonian migrants in, 24
Macedonians support for, 118, 119
prevention of Macedonia uprising 1924, 47
radio propaganda to Macedonia, 96
Serbian—Bulgarian Treaty 1912, 52
Tripartite Pact, 128
United Kingdom and, 65
Yugoslavia invasion, 128
Chamberlain, Austin, 71
chemical industry cartel, 202
Christoph, Gerhard, 8
Ciano, Count Galeazzo, 114
civil service, see government policy in
Macedonia
colonisation policy
agriculture investment and modernis-
ation, lack of, 171
critique of, 163, 166
economic aims, 170
impact on Bulgaria border area, 165
implementation of, 165
land made available for, 164, 170
local responses to, 168, 172
nationalisation aims of, 163, 170
success of, 168
communications, see language; media;
transport
Communists
Bulgarian historical perspective, 16
and Croatian (Republican) Peasants’
Party, 49
electoral success, 32
historical perspective on Macedonia, 14
in Macedonia, see politics in Macedonia
suppression of, 33
and United Opposition, 78, 105
young intelligentsia, 85, 86, 111
constitution, see politics in Yugoslavia
Corfe, A.C., 7
crafts, see economy
Croatia
autonomy, 84, 113, 115, 155, 279, 287
Croat question, 83
establishment of Yugoslavia, 11
government compromise with, 112
Italian annexation of Dalmatia, 12
Italian support for, 114
opposition to government, 67
political reform demands, 75
Croatian (Republican) Peasants’ Party
1935 election protests, 78
banning of, 49
boycott of Parliament, 287
constitutional revision demands, 75
Croatian autonomy, 113, 115, 155,
279, 287
Croatian support for, 79, 289
electoral success, 33
establishment of Yugoslavia, 12
idealised view of peasantry, 175
inclusion in government, 49
leadership, see Radié, Stjepan
and Macedonian autonomists, 103
Macedonian support for, 107
and Opium Convention 1925, 203
opposition to Yugoslavianism, 75
Republican removed from name, 49
withdrawal from government, 51
culture
education, see education
language, 264
media, 257
theatre, 266
Cvetkovič, Aleksandar, 22, 88, 90, 110, 114,
117, 124, 151, 185, 247, 256, 261
Dalmatia, Italian annexation of, 12
Democrats
constitutional policy, 30
Democratic Club, 27, 39, 41
Democratic Peasants Dissident Club, 30
electoral success, 30, 32, 54
in Macedonia, see politics in Macedonia
support for, 48
development of infrastructure,
see infrastructure development
Dilev-Dilevic, Spira, 106
Dobrowolski, M.E., 26—7
Dodd, Charles, 66
draining of malarial marshes, 155
economy
agriculture, see agriculture
barriers to development, 132
Index
353
budget allocation, 143
crafts, 140
economic policy assessed, 275
establishment of Yugoslavia, 129
finance, 142
Great Depression, 135, 174, 176
industry, see industry
infrastructure development, see
infrastructure development
loans
agricultural loans system, 180
public works and regional development,
131, 149
Macedonia policy assessment, 97
Macedonian views on, 134
regional development loans, 149
Skopje, development of, 160
Stojadinovic government, 276
success, 131
tax revenue, 142
transport, see transport
urbanisation, 277
Vardar Macedonia, 131
World War I damage, 132
Yugoslav economy, 129
education
elementary education, 209
illiteracy rates, 233
nationalisation task of, 212, 232
peoples desire for, 219
schools
building of, 155
numbers of, 224
secondary education
citizens’ schools, 231
high school closures, 48, 223
high school numbers, 227
university education
Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje,
236
Macedonian students in rest of
Yugoslavia and abroad, 240
student numbers, 241
emigrants, see migrants
Entente (Allied) Powers, establishment of
Yugoslavia, 11
Erskine, William F., 63, 64
farming, see agriculture
finance, see economy
Footman, David, 10, 43, 55, 56, 59, 64, 81,
133, 155, 190, 204, 254
France
chemical industry cartel, 202
and establishment of Yugoslavia, 12
and Macedonian autonomy, 12, 25, 119
trade with, 204
views on Yugoslavia, 52, 106
Gallop, R.A., 7
Germany
Anschluss with Austria, 113, 285
chemical industry cartel, 202
German minority in Yugoslavia,
264, 290
IMRO and, 45
and Macedonian autonomy, 118
relations with, 79, 120, 127
trade with, 98, 131, 133, 136, 174, 187,
195, 204
Tripartite Pact, 128
views on Yugoslavia, 6, 32, 141, 221
Yugoslavia invasion, 128, 153
Gocev, Dimitâr, 16
government policy in Macedonia
25 th Anniversary of liberation from
Turkish rule, 94
assessment of, 97
central government appointments, 93,
115
civil service appointments, 31, 92
civil service improvements, 61, 72
colonisation policy, 163
education, see education
political restrictions, 54
prevention of 1924 uprising, 46
repressive measures, 31, 33, 51, 86, 122
security measures, 59, 72
Serbianisation policy assessed, 281
Stojadinovic government, see Stojadinovic,
Milan
unification with Serbia, 35, 272
Great Britain, see United Kingdom
Great Depression, see economy
Greece
historical research on Macedonia, 16
local support for IMRO, 26
Macedonia claims, 5
malarial marshes, draining of, 158
trade with, 133
354
Yugoslavia and Macedonia Before Tito
Hadži Ristič, Spiro, 8i, 93, 141, 147, 180,
187, 194, 199, 204, 288
Hapsburg Empire
Macedonia administration, 2
World War I, 11
Harvey, Oliver C., 7
health policy
assessment of, 278
Hygiene Institute in Skopje, 156
malarial marshes, draining of,
155, 158
Henderson, Nevile, 10, 69, 70
Hitlery Adolf, 101, 120, 128
Hristov, Aleksandar T, 15
Hristov, Risto, 16
Hungary
Hungarian minority in Yugoslavia, 264
Tripartite Pact, 128
Yugoslavia invasion, 128
illiteracy, see education
immigrants, see migrants
IMRO
aims of, 24, 45
attacks by, 13, 23, 275
break up of, 77, 81
Bulgarian support for, 77, 81
Communists and, 33
French report on, 53
German support for, 45
internal conflicts, 66
Italian support for, 53
leadership, see Aleksandrov, Todor;
Protogerov, Aleksandar
Macedonia uprising 1924, 45
and ‘Macedonian Party’ 43
research on, 14, 15, 16, 20
small-group operations, 59
support for, 50, 59
suppression of, 25
youth organization, 56
industry
as government priority, 130
overview, 136
infrastructure development
awareness of need, 153, 156
malarial marshes, draining of, 155, 158
recommendations, 153
school buildings, 155
water supply, 156
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization, see IMRO
Italy
Albania and, 59, 132
Croatia and, 114
Dalmatia annexation, 12
hostility to Yugoslavia, 77
Italian minority in Yugoslavia,
264, 290
and Macedonian autonomy, 25, 119
relations with, 79, 120, 127
support for IMRO, 53
trade with, 133, 177
Jevtič, Bogoljub, 78, 79
Jovanovič, Milan, 96, 219, 258-9
Jovanovič, Panta, 82, 93, 102, l6l
Jovanovič, Petar M., 95
Jovanovič, Vladan, 17, 45, 82
Jovanovič-Pižon, Jovan, 103, 109
JRZ (Jugoslovenska radikalna zajednica),
see Yugoslavian Radical Union
Katardžiev, Ivan, 15
Kennard, Howard, 10, 54, 55, 63, 65, 70,
71, 72, 164, 165, 249, 254
Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes,
see Yugoslavia
Kolarov, Vasil, 24
Korošec, Anton, 19, 64, 65, 67, 68, 76,
79, 96, 101, 106, 113, 154, 220,
260, 287
Kosovo, colonisation policy, 168
Kovačevič, General Mihajlo, assassination
of, 58
Krstič, Dordo, 163, 166
land, see agriculture
language, 264
Lazič, Živojin (Žika), 35—7, 54, 61, 73, 80,
83, 96, 109, 142-3, 213, 221, 229,
231, 239, 245, 271, 272
loans, see economy
Lučist movement, 88
Macedonia
administration, 1, 2
administrative restructuring 1929, 4
agriculture, see agriculture
backwardness, perceptions of, 270
Index
355
Balkan War partition 1912, 5
Bulgaria and, see Bulgaria
capital city, see Skopje
current historical research, 14
current study aims, 17
economy, see economy
education, see education
establishment of Yugoslavia, 12
ethnic diversity, 4
ethnic scope of current study, 2
geographical scope of current study, 20
geographical terminology, 2
government policy in, see government
policy in Macedonia
Greece and, see Greece
historical boundaries, 3
IMRO, see IMRO
independence 1991, 2
industry, see industry
language, 264
migration, see migrants
mythologising as ‘classical South’, 271
national consciousness, 1,4, 5, 284
politics, see politics in Macedonia
positive portrayal of, 271
role within Yugoslavia, 18
Serbia and, see Serbia
Skopje, see Skopje
sources of current study, 21
‘South Serbia’, see South Serbia
as special case within Yugoslavia, 288
statistical data, 1
thematic scope of current study, 21
transport, see transport
Vardar Banovina, see Vardar Banovina
Yugoslavian integration, see government
policy in Macedonia
‘Macedonian Party’, see politics in
Macedonia
Maček, Vladimir (Vladko), 22, 68, 75,
76, 77, 78, 84, 85, 86, 89, 91,
102, 103, 105, 112, 113, 114,
118, 287
malarial marshes, draining of, 155
Manevič, Todor, 122, 126, 260, 288
Marxism, see Communists
media, 257
migrants
to Macedonia
colonisation policy, 163
Croatian, 27
Greek, 27
Montenegrin, 47
Serbian, 27, 116
Macedonian migrants in Bulgaria,
24, 38, 46
Montenegro
Balkan War 1912, 5
migrants in Macedonia, 47, 168
parliamentary representation, 43
uprising 1918—24, 23
nationalism, see politics in Macedonia
newspapers, 257
Nincic, Momcilo, 25
Nolte, Hans-Heinrich, 18
Novakovic, Marko, 87, 88, 91, 98, 106, 109,
219,258
Obradovic, Vid, 180, 182
opium, see agriculture
Ottoman Empire
Balkan War defeat 1912, 5
eclipse by Bulgaria, 36
Macedonia administration, 2, 4
Oxley, W. H., 73, 249
Panov, Anton, 267
Parliament, see politics in Yugoslavia
Palesutski, Kostadin, 16, 19, 40, 198
Pasic, Nikola, 12, 31, 44, 48, 272
Paul, Prince Regent, 77, 78, 79, 94, 102,
112, 113, 178
People’s Republic of Yugoslavia,
see Yugoslavia People’s Republic
Peter, King
coup d’etat 1941, 128
regency, 77
statue of, 94
Petrovic, Jovan, 90, 105
politics in Macedonia
25th Anniversary of liberation from
Turkish rule, 94
Alexander Is interest, 71, 256
alternative futures for Macedonia, 24
aspirations and concerns, articulation of
regional, 28, 37, 44
autonomy movement
aspirations, 24, 84, 86
and Croatian autonomy, 115
356
Yugoslavia and Macedonia Before Tito
elites’ identification with Serbia, 289
growth in confidence, 105
Lucist movement, 88
national consciousness, i, 4, 5
United Opposition links with, 102
young intelligentsia, 56, 84, 96, 98
Bulgarian influence, 35, 36
Communists
banning of, 30
electoral success, 32
and IMRO, 45
Macedonian Republic as goal, 120
measures against, 33, 84
support for, 91, 126
Democrats
electoral success, 30, 33
‘Group of Parliamentarians’ 27, 30
and ‘Macedonian Party’ 39
parliamentary representation, 27,
30, 33
early tension 1918—24, 23
fear, reduction of, 106
government policy, see government policy
in Macedonia
increased tension 1927—9, 51
local elections 1933, 76
Lucist movement, 88
‘Macedonian Party’, 38
Macedonian uprising, threat of, 45
Neutral Club, 43
opposition parties, support for, 83
parliamentary elections
1920, 33
1925,44
1927, 54
parliamentary representation, 100
political organisations, lack of
regional, 30
political violence, 34, 41, 58
Radicals
and ‘Macedonian Party’, 39
parliamentary representation, 30, 33
support for, 44
reduced tension 1924-5, 48
Skopje as capital of ‘Serbian Banovina’,
116
World War II, 118
young intelligentsia, 56, 84, 96, 98
politics in Yugoslavia
1920s, 23
1930s, 69
administrative reform, 69
Alexander Is dictatorship, 69
Balkan Pact 1934, 77
Banovinas (administrative areas),
establishment of, 70
constitution
of 1921, 67, 280
of 1931, 70, 74
constituent assembly, 27
federalism proposals, 75
new constitution, demands for, 68, 75,
113, 289
observance of, 28
question of, 30, 282
Serbian constitution of 1903, 31
early political difficulties, 23
foreign policy, 77, 79
instability 1928—9, 66
local elections
1920, 32
1933, 76
1936, 82
Macedonia, see politics in Macedonia
nationalist tendencies within, 79
parliament
constitution of 1931, 74
groups within, 27
parliamentary elections
1920, 32, 57
1923, 38
1925, 43, 44
1927, 25, 54
1931, 74
1935, 78, 83
1938, 20, 82, 93, 101, 104, 160
prime ministers, see Jevtič, Bogoljub;
Korošec, Anton; Pasic, Nikola;
Protič, Stojan; Stojadinovič,
Milan
Regency, 77
Stojadinovič government, see Stojadinovič,
Milan
Yugoslavianism policy, 74
press, 257
Protič, Stojan, 31
Protogerov, Aleksandar, 43, 58, 66
public health, see health policy
public works, loans for, see economy
Pulevski, Gorgi, 6
Index
357
Radič, Stjepan, 12, 33, 41, 46, 48, 49, 51,
54, 65, 67, 68, 75, 115, 154, 203, 223
Radicals
constitutional policy, 30
electoral success, 32, 54
press support for, 40
Radical Club, 30
railways, see transport
regional development, see economy
Reiss, Rudolph Archibald, 10
Riley, Ben, 75
Ristovski, Blaže, 16
roads, see transport
Romania
Romanian minority in Yugoslavia,
264, 290
Tripartite Pact, 128
Yugoslavia invasion, 128
schools, see education
Serbia
establishment of Yugoslavia, 11
historical research on Macedonia, 17
Macedonia claims, 5
and Macedonian autonomy, 25
Macedonian elites’ identification with,
289
migrants in Macedonia, 27, 116, 168
Serbian—Bulgarian Treaty 1912, 52
Serbianisation policy assessed, 281
Seton-Watson, Robert William, 11, 22, 27,
50, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79, 83, 84,
114,116
Sfetas, Spyridon, 14
silkworm cultivation, see agriculture
Skopje
as capital of‘Serbian Banovina’, 116
development as model city, 160
Faculty of Philosophy, 236
finance, 148
Hygiene Institute, 156
National Theatre, 266, 268
slaughterhouse project, 182
Slovenia
economic success, 129
political reform demands, 76
South Serbia
25th Anniversary of liberation from
Turkish rule, 94
administration of, 24
Alexander Is interest, 71
boundaries of, 2
designation, 2, 3, 4, 42
government investment in, 61
‘Group of Parliamentarians’, 27, 30
Macedonia inclusion, 3
neglect of, 40
Serbia and, 19, 31
Stojadinovic, Milan
agreement with Croats, 112
agriculture policy, 130, 186, 198
archive, 22
domestic policies, 130
economic policy, 276
election of 1938, 102, 105
and Geneva Opium Convention, 205
government of, 79, 160
Macedonia policy, 80, 87, 91,92, 98, 104,
145, 157, 159, 160, 219, 284
and Nazi Germany, 95
railway expansion plans, 255
Yugoslavian Radical Union, 79
Sundhaussen, Holm, 206
Suskalovic, Mihailo, 30, 38, 101
Tatic, S., 27
taxation, see economy
theatre, 266
Thomas, Mr (British Vice Consul in Skopje),
127
tobacco, see agriculture
Tomic, Svetozar, 227
Trajkovic, Riza, 45
transport
railways, 252 — 7
roads, 248
transport policy assessed, 111
Tripartite Pact, 128
Turkey
trade with, 133
Turkish minority in Yugoslavia,
264, 290
‘Union against the Bulgarian bandits’, 26, 28
United Kingdom
Bulgaria and, 65
chemical industry cartel, 202
diplomats in Yugoslavia, see Footman,
David; Henderson, Nevile; Kennard,
Howard
358
Yugoslavia and Macedonia Before Tito
and Macedonian autonomy, 25, 119
National Archives, 22
prevention of Macedonia uprising
1924, 47
support for Yugoslav state, 11
trade with, 133
views on Yugoslavia
agriculture, 164, 173
communications networks, 249
economy, 130, 133
Macedonian autonomy, 25, 127,
282
Macedonian identity, 7, 10
Macedonian internal situation, 63
Macedonian politics, 54
support for Yugoslav state, 11
Yugoslav government, 49» 51, 67, 68,
69, 70, 72, 78, 79, 114
Yugoslavia relations, 79
United Opposition
electoral success, 78
foundation of, 78
and Lucist movement, 88
Macedonian autonomist links with, 102
support for, 83
in Vardar Banovina, 81
universities, see education
urbanisation, 277
Vardar Banovina
establishment of, 70
local elections 1933, 76
Macedonia as part of, 4, 70
size of, 70
Stojadinovic government policy, 81
Vardar Macedonia, see Macedonia
Vojvodina
autonomy aspirations, 84
political reform demands, 76
Vulic, Nikola, 110, 122, 124, 225, 264,
266, 285
water supply, see infrastructure
development
Waterlow, Sidney, 66, 290
Wendel, Hermann, 6, 9, 10, 24, 32, 141
World War I
destruction of railways, 252
economic damage, 132
establishment of Yugoslavia, 11
World War II
politics in Macedonia, 118
Tripartite Pact, 128
Yugoslavia invasion, 128, 153
Young, Alban, 25
Yugoslavia
administrative restructuring 1929, 4
agriculture, see agriculture
Albania and, 13
Austria and, 13
Bulgaria and, 13
Communist era, see Yugoslavia Peoples
Republic
current historical research, 13
economy, see economy
education, see education
Entente (Allied) Powers and, 11
establishment of, 10
finance, see economy
German invasion 1941, 128, 153
Greece and, 13
Hungary and, see Hungary
importance for Europe, 1
integration approach, 13, 17
integration policy assessed, 278
Italy and, see Italy
name of, 4, 11, 18
overhasty formation of, 11
politics, see politics in Yugoslavia
Romania and, 13
territorial diversity, 11
Tito era, see Yugoslavia People s Republic
transport, see transport
Tripartite Pact, 128
Turkey and, see Turkey
Yugoslavia People’s Republic, Macedonia
and,15
Yugoslavian Radical Union (JRZ)
agriculture policy, 186
Banovina Committee, 124, 151
education policy, 229
foundation of, 79
parliamentary election 1938, 104
political rights policy, 79
and Serbian Banovina proposal, 117
Slovenian membership, 289
South Serbia policy, 124
support for, 110
in Vardar Banovina, 81, 151, 229
|
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| author | Boškovska, Nada 1959- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)113746008 |
| author_facet | Boškovska, Nada 1959- |
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| bvnumber | BV044289577 |
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| era | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1918-1939 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1918-1939 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Jugoslawien Jugoslawien (DE-588)4028966-7 gnd Nordmazedonien (DE-588)1181214262 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Jugoslawien Nordmazedonien |
| id | DE-604.BV044289577 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-02-03T17:57:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781784533380 1784533386 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029693712 |
| oclc_num | 984710527 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| physical | 320 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | DHB_BSB_GNDPERS_I |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | I.B. Tauris |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Boškovska, Nada 1959- Yugoslavia and Macedonia before Tito between repression and integration Außenpolitik Geschichte |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028966-7 (DE-588)1181214262 |
| title | Yugoslavia and Macedonia before Tito between repression and integration |
| title_auth | Yugoslavia and Macedonia before Tito between repression and integration |
| title_exact_search | Yugoslavia and Macedonia before Tito between repression and integration |
| title_full | Yugoslavia and Macedonia before Tito between repression and integration Nada Boškovska |
| title_fullStr | Yugoslavia and Macedonia before Tito between repression and integration Nada Boškovska |
| title_full_unstemmed | Yugoslavia and Macedonia before Tito between repression and integration Nada Boškovska |
| title_short | Yugoslavia and Macedonia before Tito |
| title_sort | yugoslavia and macedonia before tito between repression and integration |
| title_sub | between repression and integration |
| topic | Außenpolitik Geschichte |
| topic_facet | Außenpolitik Geschichte Jugoslawien Nordmazedonien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029693712&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029693712&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029693712&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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