Physics and chemistry of circumstellar dust shells
Circumstellar dust, the astronomical dust that forms around a star, provides today's researchers with important clues for understanding how the Universe has evolved. This volume examines the structure, dynamics and observable consequences of the dust clouds surrounding highly evolved stars on t...
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| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2014
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| Schriftenreihe: | Cambridge astrophysics
52 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | DE-12 DE-92 URL des Erstveröffentlichers |
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Inhaltsangabe:
- Machine generated contents note pt. I Setting the Stage 1 Introduction 1.1 General Scenario and Historical Background 1.2 Diagnostic Insight into Circumstellar Dust Shells 1.3 Circumstellar Dust in the Laboratory 1.4 Circumstellar Shell Dynamics and Stellar Winds 2 Evolutionary Status of Dust-Enshrouded Objects 2.1 Evolution from the Main Sequence toward the AGB 2.2 Abundance Changes by First and Second "Dredge-Up" 2.3 The Thermally Pulsing AGB 2.4 Abundance Changes on the AGB by the Third Dredge-Up 2.5 Post-AGB Evolution 2.6 Elemental Abundances pt. II Theoretical Description of Circumstellar Dust Shells 3 Theory of Circumstellar Dust Shells 3.1 Multicomponent Medium 3.2 General Conservation Laws and Balance Equations 3.3 Multicomponent Mass Equations of Change 3.4 Momentum Equations of Change 3.5 Multicomponent Approaches 3.6 Stellar Mass Loss and Winds 4 Energy Equation for Matter 4.1 Total Energy Density and the Bulk Energy Equation 4.2 External Energy Sources: Gravity and Radiation 4.3 Multicomponent Energy Equations 4.4 Equations of Change for the Inner Energy Reservoirs 4.5 Elementary Forms of Internal Energy 4.6 Temperature Equations 4.7 Completion of the System of Transport Equations of Matter 5 Radiative Transfer 5.1 Basic Definitions 5.2 Angular Moments of the Radiation Field 5.3 Equation of Radiative Transfer 5.4 Transport Coefficients
- 5.5 Stationary Radiative Transfer Equation 5.6 Stationary Moment Equations of Radiative Transfer 5.7 Radiation Force Density and Radiative Net Energy Transfer Rate 5.8 Symmetric Situations 6 Interaction between Gas and Dust Particles 6.1 Some Basic Considerations 6.2 Collision Rate between Gas and Dust 6.3 Momentum Transfer between Gas and Dust 6.4 Specular Reflection 6.5 Particle Sticking 6.6 Thermal Accommodation 6.7 Diffuse Reflection 6.8 Particle Drift 6.9 Drag Force 7 Extinction by Dust Grains 7.1 Optical Constants 7.2 Models for the Dielectric Function 7.3 Absorption and Scattering by Grains 7.4 Optical Constants of Abundant Dust Materials 7.5 Absorption by Dust 7.6 Radiation Pressure on Dust Grains 8 Approaches to the Temperature Equations 8.1 Radiative Equilibrium 8.2 Local Thermal Equilibrium 8.3 Radiative Equilibrium Temperature with Local Thermal Equilibrium 8.4 Non-Local Thermal Equilibrium Aspects 9 Chemistry in Thermodynamic Equilibrium 9.1 The Basic Thermodynamic Relations 9.2 Equilibrium Conditions for Gases and Solids 9.3 Constraints Set by Element Abundances 9.4 Some Results of Statistical Mechanics 9.5 Thermodynamic Data 10 Gas-Phase Chemical Composition 10.1 Qualitative Considerations on Molecule Formation 10.2 Restrictions from Element Abundances and Bond Energies 10.3 Calculation of Chemical Equilibrium Compositions
- 10.4 Results for Cosmic Element Mixtures 10.5 Nonequilibrium Chemistry 11 Gas-Solid Chemical Equilibria 11.1 Equilibria in Gas-Solid Mixtures 11.2 Condensation Equilibria of Pure Phases I: O-Rich Mixture 11.3 Condensation Equilibria of Pure Phases II: C-Rich Mixture 11.4 Solid Solutions 12 Growth of Dust Grains 12.1 Theoretical Description of Growth Processes 12.2 Theoretical Description of Vaporization Processes 12.3 Calculation of Vapor Composition 12.4 Equation for Grain Growth 12.5 Equations for Some Important Dust Materials 12.6 Solid Solutions 12.7 Experimental Data for Condensation Coefficients 12.8 Core-Mantle Grains 12.9 Formation of Crystalline Dust 13 Formation of Seed Nuclei 13.1 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation 13.2 Bond Energies of Small Clusters 13.3 Kinetic Theory of Homogeneous Condensation 13.4 Cluster Densities in Thermodynamic Equilibrium 13.5 Nucleation Rate and Cluster Size Spectrum 13.6 Candidates for the Nucleation Process 13.7 Classical Nucleation Theory 14 Moment Equations 14.1 Growth of an Ensemble of Dust Grains in Stellar Outflows 14.2 Moments of the Distribution Function 14.3 Consumption of Condensible Material