Plural world interpretations the case of the South-Siberian Tyvans

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_version_ 1804176670517624832
adam_text CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS VII PREFACE IX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XI NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION XIII PROLOGUE: PROGRESS AND STABILITY, THE QUEST FOR BALANCE 1 INTRODUCTION: THE TYVANS, A TURK LANGUAGE-SPEAKING PEOPLE IN SOUTH SIBERIA 7 RESEARCH PROBLEM 16 DATA COLLECTION 18 PLATES SOCIAL LIFE: FESTIVALS AND LIFE IN THE TAIGA (1-35) 23 PART I THE THEORY OF PLURAL WORLD INTERPRETATIONS 39 FROM TRADITION AND MODERNITY TO PLURAL WORLD INTERPRETATIONS 40 MULTIPLE REALITIES 44 TRANSDIFFERENCE 47 TWO MODELS OF WORLD INTERPRETATION 48 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 53 CHANGE IN PERSPECTIVE 57 SUMMARY 58 PLATES RELIGIOUS LIFE (36-62) 61 PART II ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE TYVAN INTERACTION MODEL 77 NON-HUMAN INTERACTION PARTNERS AND RELIGIOUS FORMS OF INTERACTION 78 RESPECTFUL INTERACTION AND ITS VIOLATION 98 FORTUNE AND MISFORTUNE IN RESPONSE TO HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 103 TALENT AND GIFTS AS OBLIGATIONS IN THE INTERACTION MODEL 108 MISFORTUNE, ILLNESS, AND DEATH AS PUNISHMENT BY EVIL SPIRITS 120 VI A NETT C. O ELSCHLAEGEL THE PURSUIT OF STABILITY IN THE INTERACTION MODEL 124 WILDERNESS AND PURE GROUND 136 SUMMARY 140 PLATES LOCAL ECONOMY (63-104) 145 PART III TYVAN PLURAL WORLD INTERPRETATIONS 165 TWO MODELS OF WORLD INTERPRETATION AND THEIR PARALLEL EXISTENCE 167 THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THESE MODELS IN THEIR EXTREME FORMS 171 THE SPONTANEOUS SWITCH AND ITS MOST COMMON TRAJECTORY 176 THE SPONTANEOUS SWITCH TO THE INTERACTION MODEL AND ITS CONSEQUENCES 182 SITUATIONAL AND CONTEXTUAL COMPLEMENTATION AND SUBSTITUTION 184 CONTEXT, PLACE, TIME, AND COUNTERPART AS REASONS FOR SWITCHING 189 HARDSHIP RESULTING FROM THE SPONTANEOUS SWITCH TO THE INTERACTION MODEL 198 THE STRATEGIC SWITCH BETWEEN THE MODELS BY LAYPERSONS 201 THE PROFESSIONAL SWITCH AS A TOOL FOR SHAMANS 203 DEALING WITH CHANGE IN THE INTERACTION MODEL 211 SUMMARY 214 EPILOGUE: PLURAL WORLD INTERPRETATIONS, A DIVERSITY OF VIEWS 217 APPENDICES 227 KPAXKOE CO^EPACAHHE 227 NOTES ON THE AUTHOR 240 BIBLIOGRAPHY 241 INDEX 255 Bibliography Alekseev, N. 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Index action; as interaction 103, 124, 140; follow-up a 215; in the dom- inance model 48-9, 165-216 passim; in the interaction model 17, 20, 39-43, 77-144 passim, 182, 203, 209-10; patterns of 43, 49, 54; purposeful 56, 141, 188, 194, 198, 206, see also behaviour actor; as subject 50; human ix, 39-40, 42, 49, 50, 54-8, 77, 100, 124, 140, 209; individual (Tyvan) ix, 39, 54-8, 77, 224; non-human 49- 50, 77, 124, 140 actor network theory (ANT) 39, 56, 77, see also Latour Adyg Eeren (Bear Spirit; shamanic clinic) 20, 180, 204; see also Diingür; Kenin-Lopsan; Tos Deer agency, see human agency Ak Bashtyg Mountain 82, 101 ak chem (food made from milk) 41, 83, see also white food Ak-Oj River 87, 92, 118, 121, 184 albys (evil spirit) 17, 90-1, 118, 121- 3, 176 albystaar (madness) 91, 109, 111, see also shaman illness alcohol 14, 83, 84, 92, 176-7, see also araka; khoitpak; milk brandy, vodka alcoholism 11, 14, 176, 199, see also drunkenness Alekseev, N. A. 5In, 78n, 90n, 109n, 241 algysh (invocation) 17, 81-2, 113, 246, see also blessing Altai, Republic 82 Altai-Dyva 7-8, 20, 114, see also Taube, E. Altai-Tyvans 115, 187 ancestor 1, 87-8, 95, 109-10, 129, 137-8 animate 97, 100, 117, see also soul(s); spirit(s) animism 18, 52, 56-8, 78, 110, 165, 212, 215, 240; or shamanism 56, see also traditional worldview animistic-shamanistic worldview 58, 77, 172-3, see also interaction model, specific Tyvan anthropology xi, 3, 217, 240; anthropological quest 168; an- thropological research 217 araka (milk brandy, distilled khoitpak) 92, 128n, see also white food artefact 41, 45, 53, 87 artysh (juniper) 83, see juniper aryg (pure, clean) 17, 136, see also purity arzhaan (healing spring) 41, 138 asbestos 10, 98n, 165 atheism 18; atheist 174, 195, 201-2 axis mundi 81 aza (evil spirit) 17, 90-2, 96, 109n, 121-4, 174-6 aza-buk (evil spirit) 121, 123 aza-chetker (evil spirit) 91, 121, 123 Baj Taiga (administrative region) 168 baj yjash (rich tree) 85-6, 107, 132, 138 balance 1-4, 99, 124-5, 138-9, 141, 143, 197; balanced interactions 136; human quest for 1-4; un- balanced energy 139, unbalanced interactions 141, 143, see also human quest for balance Bargatzky, Th. 48, 241 baza (cooperative centre) 12, 135 behaviour 17, 20, 39-43; correct (or proper) 49, 53, 110, 134, 141-2, 175; incorrect 83-4, 90, 110, 115, 121, 141, 167, 178, 216, 219; modified 193, 206, 215, see also action; misbehaviour 256 Index belief 2, 3, 18, 20, 98, 103, 123, 201, 208, 212, 218-20, see also soul(s); spirit(s) Belliger and Krieger 39, 56, 77 Berger and Luckmann 44, 51, 54-5, 218-9, 224, 230, 241 Bij Khem (river) 213 birth 45, 106, 132, see also rebirth blessing 11, 17, 19, 21, 78, 81-2, 101, 114, 124, 128, 132-6, 175, 195, see also algysh; offering Breinig and Losch 47-8, 175, 241 Buddhism 18, 52, 58, 194, 201, 212 Budegechi, T. 20n, 42n, 5In, 78n, 79n, 241 buk (evil spirit) 121, 123 burkhan (Tyv. god) 78 Buryatia 7, 1 In butter; clarified 102, 117, 132 Callon, M. 39, see also actor-network theory (ANT) Cartesian dualism 48, see also Descartes; res cogitans; res extensa castration 186-8 category 40, 48, 220 cattle 8, 80, 94, 106, 114, 122, see also stockbreeders celebration 19, 82-4, 109, 120, 127, 195, 199, 209 chalama (sacrificial ribbon) 81,86 change; of behaviour 177, 181, 183, 190, 193, 200; between models of world interpretation 52, 59, 172, 177, 182-3, 190, 193-4, 196, 198, 201, 206; in perspective 57-8, 167, 224; in the (interaction) model 41, 50, 59, 204, 206, 211-6, see also shift; switch charlatan 211,214; charlatanry 211 chetker (evil spirit) 17, 90, 91, 94, 121,123,176 childlessness 85, 182, see also fertility, infertility children 11-4, 80-6, 92, 106, 111, 121, 127-8; fear for 123-4 Christian 52, 212, 221-3; Christianity 221 class 11, 201, 217 clinic, see shaman association/ clinic codified (norm) 43n, 167, 217, 221 collectivisation 9, 11-2 communication 43, 80, 83-4, 104, 117, 172, 186, 192 communist 171-3, 201-3, see also dominance model, Soviet compromise xv, 3, 143, 197 conflict; between models of world interpretation 1, 171-2, 221; between people and spirits 93, 130, 141; internal 172; social 85, 102,170,172, 182 consecration 81-6, 99, 132, 190-3, 196; consecrate 17, 99, 101-2, 108, 135, 137 construction; economic 87; human 55; of meaning 47; social 54-5, 218, 222 contemporary legends xi, 1, 16-7, 19, 21, 98-9, 109, 113, 125, 132, 140- 1, 172, 178, 197, 240, see also ‘true occurrences’ content and structure of models of world interpretation 39-40, 51-5, 58-9, 167, 240 content; of models of world in- terpretation 29, 39, 51-5, 58-9, 83, 167, 195, 208, 211-2, 214, 216, 218-9; of Tyvan animism 18, 83, 126; of Tyvan dominance model 211; of Tyvan interaction model 53, 58-9, 195, 211-2, 214, see also definition, of models of world interpretation; interaction model, specific Tyvan; structure of models of world interpretation continuum ix, 52-3; between extreme points 53, 166, 182, 214; between models of world interpretation ix, Index 257 52-3, 58-9, 166, 175; of trans- difference 52, 59, 166, 175 cooperative 11-2, 198; Toolajlyg 88, 135, 191 cosmos 85-6, 95, 129, 138, 196; cosmic energies 85 countergift 205 creation 1-2, 114, see also construction crime 11, 14 damage 1, 91, 124, 131, 142, 174-5, 178, 180-4, 194, 200 death 3, 79, 88, 93, 96-9, 109-13, 117, 120, 126, 129, 130, 142, 171n, 177, 182, 189-90, 199-200, 205-6, 208; deceased 93-5, 113, 125-30, 177-8, 189-90, 206-10 definition; of contemporary legends 17n; of models of world in- terpretation 39-40, 43, 48-55, see also structure of models of world interpretation deities 78, 79, 95; as protectors 78, see also god(s); spirit(s) Descartes, R. 48, see Cartesian dualism; res cogitans; res externa development 2, 3, 9-11, 15-6, 44, 51, 58, 193, 201-2, 211-3, 217, 219, 224, see also progress diireng (evil spirit) 17, 90, 94-5, 176 Dioszegi, v. 20n, 4In, 109n, 241 divination 1, 19, 110-1, 125-6, 139, 141, 169-70, 189; diviner 198, 240, see also khuvaanak divine 1, 170 dominance model/ model of human dominance ix, 39, 44, 48-59, 98, 165-216 passim; human dom- inance over the environment/ nature ix, 4, 44, 168, 187; Soviet/ communist dominance model 168, 172-3, 202-3, 215, see also change; interaction model; model(s) of world interpretation; shift; switch Donahoe, B. xi, 9, 20n, 4In, 242-3 drunkenness 14, 177; as a pact with evil spirits 176; drunk 105, 111, 128, 176, see also alcoholism dualism, see Cartesian dualism Diingur (Drum, shamans’ association or clinic) 19-20, 95, 191, 204, see also Adyg Eeren; Kenin-Lopsan; shaman clinic; Tos Deer Dyva, see Altai-Dyva; Altai-Tyvans D’yakonova, V. P. 20n, 42n, 5 In, 78n, 79n, 90n, 11 On, 243 economy; market 212, 221; planned 9- 10; subsistence 13, 41; Tyvan 10- 2, 145-64 education 59, 79, 202, 211; political 10, 18; professional 13, 59 ee (pi. eeler) (spirit master) 17, 79n, 81, 87, 96, 100, 104, 113, 135, 169, 184-5, see also spirit master emic, see method Enlightenment 2; enlightened 43 environment 1-4, 14, 16, 43-4, 49, 53, 56, 97, 102-3, 121, 138, 141, 169- 70, 185, 187, 198, 217, 221; environmentalism 97, 102, 103, 121, 138, 141; overexploitation 98n esoteric movement 15-6, 19-20, 52, 59, 212, see also neo-shamanism; New Age etic, see method Evans-Pritchard, E. 3-4, 244 everyday reality 51, 54-5, 58, 219-20 evil spirits, see spirits, evil exchange xi, 13, 15, 16, 125, 205 externalisation 54, see also Berger and Luckmann; internalisation; objectification 258 Index factual state 43, 52, 167-8, see also ideal state fairy tales 21, 114-7, see also legend father sky 78, 120, see also mother earth fear; for punishment 1, 49, 92-3, 112; of shamans 111-2, 172, 208; of spirits 49, 92-3, 112, 121, 123, 129; spirits having fear 123 feast 187, 208, see also festival fermented milk (khoitpak) 92, 105, 108, 117, 128, see also araka white food fertility 79, 85; infertility 130; lower fertility 139; of the flock 187-8, see also childlessness festival 16, 84, 120, 128, 137, 194-5, see also Naadym festival folklore 16, 19n, 140, 171; folklorist 87, 94, 100, 110-1, 113, 120, 123, 205 fortune 2, 83, 102-8, 114, 127, 139- 41, 179, 191, see also misfortune fortune telling 19, see also divination; oracle funeral 112, 130, 177, 189-90 Funk, D. A. xi, 9, 117n, 244, 249 gifted persons, see talented or gifted persons glasnost 10 god (s) 1, 2, 50, 78-9, 95, 120, 221-2; god of heaven 95, 120, see also burkhan; deities; spirit(s); theology Goffman, E. 224, 244 Griinwedel, H. 15, 19-20, 20n, 42n, 52, 109 Habeck, J. O. xi, 243 Halemba, A. 138, 243-4 Harva, U. 20, 42n, 5 In, 78n, 79n, 244 healer 80, 84, 106, 117n healing 86, 110, 113, 188, 196, 205; spring (arzhaan) 41, 84, 99, 132, 135-6, 138, 195-6 health 79, 83, 85, 99, 112, 125, 135, 139-40, 171, 173, 184, 192, 195, 199, 205, see also illness health care system 11 heaven 95, 192, 213-4; heavenly 95 herb(s) 101-2, 129, 140, 197 Hobsbawm and Ranger 41, 228, 244 Hoppäl, M. 20n, 4In, 109n, 242-3, 245 human ability ix, 55, 110, 186, 189 human agency ix, 39, 44, 48-9, 56, 98, 169, 187 human and non-human subjects, see subjects; see also interaction model; spirit(s); spirit master human behaviour, see behaviour human beings 1-3, 43, 45, 49, 53-4, 56-7, 77-8, 80, 84-5, 87, 89, 90ff.; as active subjects 49-50, 56, 175, see also subjects human dominance, see dominance model human quest for balance 1 -3 human subjects, see subjects Humphrey, C. 1 In, 20n, 4In, 245 hunter 8, 9, 13, 50, 89-91, 95, 97, 101, 104-5, 108, 110-3, 118-20, 137, 178, 198-9 husbandry 185-6 Husserl, E. 54, 230, 245, see also life-world; phenomenology; Schütz and Luckmann ideal state 43n, 52-3, 167-8, 175, 177, see also factual state illness 84, 90, 91, 102, 109, 111, 120- 1, 127-9, 141-2, 176, 184, 205, see also shaman’s illness (alhystaar); health Ingold, T. 77, 245 instinct (‘self-will’) 49, 186-7 Index 259 interaction model 4, 16-20, 39, 44, 48-53, 55-9, 77-144 passim, 165- 94 passim, 196-8, 200-3, 206, 208-16; contravention against rules and norms of 78, 115, 130; counteraction against rules and norms of 183, 185; disrespectful interaction 84, 104, 112; narratively idealised pure form 51-2, 58-9, 167, 172-5, 185, 216; respectful interaction 19, 45, 49, 83, 87, 90, 98-104, 125, 129-31, 141-3, 165, 181, 183, 186, 192, 215, 225; rules and norms of 41, 43, 49, 53, 78, 98, 100, 105, 107, 130, 134-5, 141-2, 167, 169, 176, 183, 194, 197, 202, 215, 221; specific Tyvan 16, 44, 50, 53, 56, 78; taboo in the 98, 105, 138, 194, 203, 221, see also animistic- shamanistic worldview; change; dominance model; ideal state; model(s) of world interpretation; shift; switch ‘interactive work’ 39, 56, 186-7, see also Spittler internalisation 54, see also Berger and Luckmann; externalisation, objectification ‘internalized’ insight 51, see Berger and Luckmann intersubjectivity 43n, 45-7, 50-5, 218 Islam 220-1 James, W. 3, 39, 45, 52, 57, 245, see also multiple realities; paramount reality; sub-universa; Schütz Johansen, U. 19, 20n, 42n, 52, 11 On, 245-6 juniper (artysh) 83, 126; and milk 187-8, 208; offering of 83-4, 102, 117, 132, 207; purifying smoke 117, 123; ritual cleanser 174-5 Kaa Khem (river) 195, 213 Kaziev, B. 117, 246 Keitel and Allolio-Näcke 47-8, 246 Kenin-Lopsan, M. 19, 20n, 42n, 78n, 79n, 191-2, 246, see also Düngür kham 85-7, see shaman, shamaness kham yjash (shaman tree) 85-6 Khandagajty (village) 111, 171 kharagan (shrub) 94, 123 khoitpak (fermented milk) 92, 105, 108, 117, 128, see also araka; white food khuvaanak (oracle) 139, see also divination Kierkegaard, S. 46, 57 kinship 13-4, 220 kolkhoz 9, 1 In, 12 Kyzyl (capital) 8-9, 13, 15-6, 20, 85- 8, 90, 94-5, lOOff Kyzyl Taiga 104, 106, 111,118 Lake Baikal 7 lama (kheling) 10, 83, 92, 101, 106, 127n, 178, 185, 190 landscape 18, 41, 50, 80, 85, 87, 133, 140, 166 Latour, B. 39, 77, see also actor- network theory (ANT) Law, J. 39, see also actor-network theory (ANT); Law and Hasard Law and Hasard 39, 247 laws of nature 56; natural law 221; Russian law 10 laypeople 15-6, 18-9, 83, 94, 113, 173, 178, 196, 201-7, 210-2, 214 Leenhardt, M. 3-4, 247 legend, see contemporary legends; ‘true occurrences’ libation 85, 88, 100, 102, 136, 165, see also offering; sacrifice life-world 54, 230, see also Husserl, Schütz and Luckmann Lösch, K. 47-8, 175, 241, 248, see also Breinig and Lösch 260 Index Luckmann, T., see Berger and Luck- mann; Schütz, and Luckmann madness (albystaar) 45, 122, see also shaman, illness Mänchen-Helfen, O. 20, 79n, 109n, 114, 248 magic 3, 18, 201, see also superstition; witchcraft Marx, K. lln, 173,245 ‘masters of knowledge’ 115, see Taube, E. media 15,59, 125,211,218 mediate 203, 211 medicine 120, 127, 184 medium 40, 195-6 medpunkt (medical care) 12 method 16, 20; comparative 42; emic 40, 53, 59, 77, 140, 167, 175, 182, 185-6, 192-3, 207, 212; empirical 42, 53, 167, 175, 221; empiricism 2, 221-2; etic 48, 167, 170; native 19, 123-4, 140, 222; qualitative 53, 57-8 milk 8, 80, 187-8; brandy {araka) 83, 92, 105, 108, 117, 128n; breast 127-8; fermented {khoitpak) 92, 105, 108, 117, 128; and juniper 187-8, 208; milking 80, 184; products {ak chem) 11-2, 41, 83, 86, 139; spirits 95; tea 79, 83, 88, 102, 108, 132, 165; white food 41, 83, 128, 136, see also ak chem. araka; juniper; khoitpak misbehaviour 90, 121, 178 misfortune 2, 23, 99, 103-8, 112, 120-4, 130-1, 141, 175, 183, see also fortune model(s); of world interpretation 17- 20, 39, 40, 43, 44, 47-59, 77-8, 166-8, 171-2, 174-5, 181-2, 184, 186, 188-9, 194, 196, 198, 201, 206, 210, 214-6; co-existence of ix, 3, 44, 218, 224, 244; com- plementing 40, 166, 175, 186,210, 214, 223-4; contradicting ix, 2, 39-44, 48, 53-4, 56-9, 141, 165- 70, 173, 182, 189, 203,216, 221- 3; dominance 39, 44, 48, 50-2, 55-9, 98, 166-70, 172-6, 178-9, 181-7, 189, 193, 197-8, 201-4, 206, 208-16; flexible use of 4, 17- 8, 44, 54-6, 58-9, 166, 184, 214, 224; global 51-2, 58, 211; interaction 4, 16-20, 39, 44, 48-52, 55-9, 98, 99, 107, 108, 110-3, 116, 118, 120, 124-5, 130-2, 134-5, 137, 140-3, 165-94 passim, 196-8, 200-3, 206, 208-16; substituting 4, 177, 184-9, see also change; parallel realities; shift; switch, model of human dominance, see model(s), dominance model of interaction, see model(s), interaction modem 7, 15, 39-44, 51, 204, 212; influences 58, 175; models 48; worldview 56, 58, 168 modernity ix, 40-4, 50, 52, 59, 77-8, 167, 211, 217, see also progress; tradition Möngün Taiga (Silver Taiga) 82, 88, 101, 121, 123, 168, 178,203 Moscow 11, 13, 101, 126, 132, 178, 203 mother earth 78, 98, 120, 165, see also father sky mountain, see Ak Bashtyg Mountain; Möngün Taiga Mugur AJcsy (village and centre of Möngün Taiga district) 79-84, 89- 95, 98, 101, 105-8, 121-3, 126-7, 133-9, 174-8, 202-3,206 multiple realities 39, 44-7, 54, 57, 250, see also James, W.; parallel realities; plurality; Schütz, A. murder 10, 14 music 16, 84, 110, 115, 118-20, 133, 220, see also New Age; singing Index 261 myth 1, 3-4, 21, 45; mythical thinking 3-4, see also rational thinking mythology 2n, 45 Naadym festival 120, 137 narration 19, 110, 115-6 narrative 1,2, 16, 17n, 19, 52-3, 58-9, 89, 104-5, 107, 109-12, 115-8, 142, 167, 175, 178, 184-5, 192, 203, 216, see also interaction model, narratively idealised pure form narrator 19, 96, 109, 191, 203 nature 17, 79-80, 100, 108, 195-8; dominance over 168; natural resources 9-10, 13, 97, 100; overexploitation of 98n, 198; and pollution 107, 121; protection of 2; relation to 110, 121, 138-9 Neolithic domestication 51 neo-shamanism 15, 19, 52, 244 network 11, 14, 39-40, 56, 77, 97, 99, 140, 142, 169, 173, 200-2, 204, 212; networking 14, 204, 215, see also actor-networking theory New Age 20, 52, 59, 212, see also esoteric movement nomad(s) 7-9, 12-5, 19, 41, 101-2, 139-42, 168-9, 186-8, 192, 197, 201 non-human beings 1, 172, 221, see also human beings; spirit(s) non-human subjects, see subjects norms of the interaction model, see interaction model objectification 54, 221, see also externalisation; internalization objects in the dominance model ix, 44-6, 48-50, 56, 77, 169-70, 187, 201, 204, 206, 216, see also human agency; subjects Oelschlagel [Oelschlaegel], A. C. ix, 8, 16, 17n, 20n, 21, 78n, 79n, 90n, 125, 140, 165, 170, 188, 235, 240 offering 79, 83-8, 99-102, 107, 117, 118, 120, 129-132, 138, 177, 183, 192, 197, 207; of oral tradition 118, 132, 136, 179; ribbon 99-102, 107, 135; smoke 83-8, 99-102, 107, 117, 135-8, 185, see also blessing; libation; ritual; sacrifice oracle 3, 95, 112, 139, 169-70, 199, 205, see also divination; khuvaanak oral tradition 20, 100, 115, 118, 133, 142, 204, 212, 240, see also contemporary legends; ‘true occurences’ ovaa (ritual site) 18, 80-4, 101, 107, 120, 129, 136-9, 177, 191-3, 212- 4; consecration of 81-3, 190-3 overtone singing (khoomej) 15-6, 110, 120 parallel realities 58 paramount reality 45, 52, 54-5, 230, see also James, W. partner spirit(s), see spirit(s) passive objects, see objects in the dominance model perestroika 10, 19, 126, 167, 172 phenomena 40, 47, 77, 172-3, 221 phenomenology 54 plural world interpretations ix, 3-4, 17-8, 39-40, 43-4, 52-4, 58-9, 141, 165, 167, 214, 217, 219, 223, 227, 240, see also content, and structure of models of world interpretation; dominance model; interaction model; model(s) of world interpretation plurality 39-40, 43-4, 57, 217-8, 224, see also James, W.; multiple realities; parallel realities; Schütz, A. 262 Index poem 17, 21; folk poetry 114; poet 81; poetry 110, 114, 120, 133-4, see also oral tradition police 13, 109, 170-3 politician 220-2 Potanin, G. N. 7n, 20, 249 Potapov, L. P. 20n, 42n, 5In, 79n, 98n, 249 poverty 11, 12-4, 85, 130, 139, 182 power; energy and 50, 78, 83-5, 117, 137, 139, 179, 199; human 1-2, 56, 92, 94; of non-human beings 1, 49, 84-6, 108, 117-8, 132, 136, 138-40, 188, 190, 195-6; power- ful places 83, 213; religious 78; shaman’s 117, 172-3, 179-80; of spirits 80, 82, 84, 88, 95, 100, 117, 124, 134, 137-40, 185,206,213 progress 1-4, 10, 173, 184, see also change; development protection 1, 2; against evil spirits 123-4, 194; of nature 2; religious 19, 102-3, 140, 185, see also deities; god(s); punishment; spirit(s) psychology 3, 45 put! puktar (evil spirit) 17, 87-8, 90, 93,109n, 121 punishment; by shamans 171; by spirits 1, 98, 105, 112-3, 120-4, 134, 141-3, 167, 171, 176, 178, 197-8, 209, 219, see also protection purity 117, 123, 138, 188; impure 47, 208; ‘pure ground’ (wilderness) 17, 136-40; pure places 108, 137; purifying 117, 123, 188; reli- giously pure 139, 188 Radloff, W. 10, 249 rational thinking 3-4, see also myth, mythical thinking rebirth 130; reborn 125-30 religion(s) 1, 19, 44-5, 137, 173, 201, 212, 220, 240; folk 140, 166, 201, 234; as ‘opium’ for the people 173; ‘realities of religion’ 52; ‘silent religion’ 202 res cogitans 48, see also Descartes res extensa 48, see also Descartes ritual 15, 19, 83-9, 108, 113, 117, 125-7, 129-33, 138-41, 142-3, 179-80, 190-3, 206-10; annual or seasonal 99, 102, 120, 190, 195; assistant 83, 190; healing 196-8; purity 188, 205; reconciliation 130-1, 141-3, 180-3, 208, 215; site (ovaa) 18, 41, 80-2, 177, 208, 212-5, see also libation; offering; sacrifice rules and norms of the interaction model, see interaction model sacred (ydyktyg! ydyk) 17, 18, 41, 53, 80, 84-6, 99, 103, 107-10, 132, 136-9, 165, 186, 191-4, 202, 212- 3; fire 103; people 110; place (ydyktyg eher) 17, 53, 80, 86, 99, 107-8, 132, 136-9, 186, 192-4, 202, 212-3; power 85; spring 18, 165, 193; tree (ydyktygyjash) 17- 8, 41, 80, 84-6, 107, 193, see also healing, spring; ritual, site (ovaa); shaman, larch; tel yjash; ydyktyg/ ydyk sacrifice 79-81, 87, 107-8, 113, 115, 126, 135-8, 213; smoke/fire 81, 83, 107-8, 135, see also libation; offering; ritual Schütz [Schuetz], A. 39, 44-7, 52, 54, 57, 59, 219, 230, 250; and Luckmann 39, 46-7, 51, 54, 57, 230, 232, 250, see also James, W.; life-world; multiple realities shaman, shamaness (kham); association or clinic 15, 19-20, 95, 179-81, 191-2, 203-4, 206, 213-4, 216; dress 117, 171, 202; drum 114, 117, 128, 135, 171, 202; gift or talent 108-13, 117, Index 263 141-2; grandmother 95; illness (albystaar) 91, 109, 111; larch (ikham dyt) 85-6, 108; as mediator 82-4, 86-8, 91, 93-4, 104-5, 109- 10, 126-36, 142-3, 172, 191-2, 197; Mountain (Khamnar Tej) 87, 92, 121, 184; persecution 171, 201-2; power 92, 94, 117, 143, 171-2, 179-80; practice 114, 180, 193, 202, 204-6, 210, 212; professional 113-4, 178-89, 203- 16; and punishment 112; ‘real’ or ‘proper’ and ‘false’ 113-4, 204-6, 211, 214; and ritual/ séance 7n, 15, 82-4, 86-8, 91, 93, 102, 125-32, 135-6, 142-3, 171, 183, 191-2, 196, 202, 206-11, 253; siblings/ sisters 101, 177-9, 181, 196-7; and spirit masters 100, 102, 117, 122, 141; and switch 178-89, 203- 16; tree {kham yjash) 85-6, 98- 100, 108, 132, 138; utensils 171; Western shamans 15, 212, see also Adyg Eeren (Bear Spirit); Düngür (Drum); partner spirit(s); ritual; Tos Deer (Nine Heavens) shamanism 15, 19, 52, 56, 76, 108-10, 114, 171-2, 192, 204, 211-2, 215, 240; modelled on Tyvan 15; neo- shamanism 15, 19, 52; show 15; Western 15, 212, see also animistic-shamanistic worldview shift; between models 181, 214-5; between ‘provinces of meaning’ 57; from emic to etic 167; from interaction model to dominance model 170-1, 181, 215; of perspective 77; from rational to mythical thinking 3-4, 46, 53, 57; from shamanism to neo- shamanism 52, see also change; switch shock 14, 46, 57, 112, 178, see also Schütz, A. shulbus (evil spirit) 17, 121, 123, 176 sickness, see albystaar; madness ‘silent religion’ 202, see also Streck, B. Silver Taiga (Mongün Taiga) 8, 82, 108, 136 singing 15-6, 84, 96, 110-2, 118-20, see also overtone singing; throat singing socialisation 55, 98, 218-20, 223 socialism 9-12, 167, 172, 201, 223 soul(s); of animals and plants 95; of children 123; of humans 2, 91-3, 97, 109, 122, 125-6, 130, 189, 206-10; as puktar 93; white soul 127, see also spirit(s) Soviet 9-14, 18-20, 98-9, 166, 168, 171-2, 175, 193, 201-3, 215-6, see also dominance model Sovietisation 9, 166 specific Tyvan interaction model, see interaction model, specific Tyvan spirit(s); enjoy talents 119; evil 1, 17, 49-50, 53, 77-8, 80, 87-8, 90, 100, 109n, 118, 120-4, 136, 140-3, 165, 171-3, 176, 180-4, 204-6, 210, 215; fire 102-4, 135, 138; partner 95-6, 109, 114, 117, 122, 136, 141-3, 171n, 180-4, 189, 205-10; possession 45, 53, 79, 116, 122-3, 169; protecting 88, 90-1, 93-6, 99, 109, 112; steal human souls 122-3; ‘time of the spirits’ 177, see also albys; animism; aza; buk; diireng; drunkenness; ee; puk; shidbus; spirit master; subjects spirit master (ec, pi. eeler) [Herren- geist] 41, 79-89, 96, 99-124, 131- 43, 166, 168-70, 176, 185; of a body of water 105-7, 110, 135, 138; of a camp, a yurt, a stock, a corral 138, 184-5; of a fire {ot eezi) 87-8, 102, 135; of a flat 131; of a healing spring 135, 196; of a powerful place 137-8; as protectors 80, 87, 140; of the shaman’s homeland 179; of a shaman larch 108; of the Silver 264 Index Taiga (Möngün Taiga) 108, 136; of the taiga 97, 100, 104-5, 117, 197, 203; of talents 110-1, 115-9, see also ovaa Spittler, G. 39, 56, 77, 186-7, 250, see also ‘interactive work’ spring (season) 4, 82-3, 120, 191, 193 spring (source) 18, 80, 84, 193; consecration 81-3, 120, 132, 191, 196; healing (arzhaan) 41, 84, 99, 135-8; medical 195-6; mineral 79, 80, 84; sacred 18, 165 stability 1-3, 51, 58, 124-6, 130-2, 135, 143, 216, see also balance; change; progress stockbreeders 7-13, 97, 140, 169-70, 184-8, 198-9, 204, see also nomad(s) Streck, B. xi, 202, 202n, 250, see also ‘silent religion’ structure of models of world interpretation 39-40, 51-5, 58-9, 240, see also content, of models of world interpretation; definition, of models of world interpretation subjects; human 49, 56; human and non-human ix, 19, 44, 49-50, 53 56-8, 77-144 passim,, 165, 168, 175, 188, 191, 196-7, 202-3, 205, 208, 210, 215; non-human ix, 4, 19, 44, 49-50, 53, 56-8, 77-144 passim, 172-3, 176, 182-4, 187-8, 190-1, 195, 198, 203, 210, 215, see also dominance model; human beings; interaction model; spirit(s); spirit master subsistence 9, 12, 14, 41, 102 sub-universa 3, 45, 52, see James, W. Süt Khöl (village) 87, 92, 94-5, 100, 103-4, 106, 112, 123, 184, 196-7 suicide 11,14 summer solstice 195 supernatural 45, 97, 172-3, 190 superstition 18, 174, 201, see also magic; witchcraft switch ix, 4, 17-8, 45-6, 53, 57, 166-7, 172; professional 203-11; situational and contextual 43, 166, 184-9, 224; spontaneous 176-82, 182-4, 189, 193, 198-201, 215; strategic 201-3, 215, see also change; shift taiga 8, 12, 14-5, 80-2, 91, 95, 101, 137, 139; charged with energy and power 117, 179, 199; spirit masters of the taiga 97, 100-1, 104-7, 112-3, 117-9, 136, 178-9, 186, 194, 197-8, see also Baj Taiga; Kyzyl Taiga; Mongun Taiga (Silver Taiga); Toolajlyg Taiga talented or gifted persons 88, 91-5, 100, 106, 108-20, 140-3, 198-9, 205-6, 209, see also shaman, shamaness; spirit master, of talents Taube, E. xi, 7n, 8, 20, 20n, 42n, 78n, 79n, 90n, lOln, 112, 114-6, 187, 244, 248, 250-2 Taube, J. 109n, 122n, 243, 248, 252 tel yjash (forked tree) 85-86, see also sacred, tree theft; as breach of interaction model 169; of human lives 105; of human soul 91; of stock animals 168-70, 181, 186 theology 221, 223 thieves of livestock 99, 169-70, 182, 192 throat singing (kargyraa) 16, 96, 110- 1, 120 Toolajlyg (valley and cooperative) 88-91, 101, 103-5, 118, 121, 129, 135, 191-3; Toolajlyg Taiga 89 Tos Deer (Nine Heavens, shamanic clinic) 20, 192, 204, 213-4, see also Adyg Eeren; Dungiir; shaman, association or clinic Index 265 tradition ix, 18, 40-4, 50-1, 56, 59, 167, 212, see also interaction model, specific Tyvan; modernity; oral tradition traditional; animism 18, 58; culture 15, 18, 19, 48, 77; singing 15; Tyvan interaction model/ world interpretation 19, 48-9, 140, 167, 172, 197, 211-2, see also interaction model, specific Tyvan traditional worldview 40-4, 51, 56, 173, 175, 191; based on Tyvan animism or shamanism 56-7, 172, see also animism; interaction model, specific Tyvan transdifference; concept of 39, 47-8, 52, 59, 166, 175, 223, see also Breinig and Lösch; continuum transition 46, 126, 223 tree, see baj yjash (rich tree); sacred, tree (ydyktyg yjash); shaman, larch (kham dyt); shaman, tree (kham yjash); tel yjash (forked tree) True occurrences’ (bolgan tavarylgalar) 17, 19, 98, 106, 125, 132, 142, 171, 202-3, 215, see also contemporary legends Tyva; Republic of Tuva 9; Republic of Tyva ix, 7-11, 15-16, 18ff; Tannu Tyva 9, 175, 248; Tozhu- Tyva 8-9, 8 In, 98n, 242-3; Tuvinian Autonomous Territory 9, see also Altai-Dyva; Altai-Tyvans Tyvan animism or shamanism 18, 56- 7, 172 Tyvan interaction model 53, 58-9, 77-144 passim, 165-95 passim, 211-2, 214, see also interaction model, specific Tyvan Ulug Khem (Yenisei River) 97, 106 universe 3, 142, 173; sub-universe 3, 45, 52, see also James, W.; Schütz, A.; sub-universa Vajnshtejn [Vajnstejn, Weinshtein], S. I. 8, 20n, 42n, 5In, 58n, 78n, 79n, 90n, 109n, 245,253 Vitebsky, P. 109, llOn, 253 vodka 95, 128, 129n, 165, 177, see also araka; milk, brandy water 79, 80, 84, 86, 94-5, 99, 100, 105-6, 110, 121, 128, 135, 138-9, 195-6, see also spring (source) Weinshtein, see Vajnshtejn Western scholars 16, 20 Western shamans 15, 212 Western society/ societies 52, 217 whip (red-gripped) 91-2, 121-3, 207 white food 41, 83-4, 128, 136, 205; ak chem 41, 83-4; araka 128, 128n, see also khoitpak (fermented milk); milk White Headed Mountain (Ak Bashtyg) 82n, 83, 108, 136 wilderness 17, 53, 95, 100, 102, 118, 136, 138-40, 179-81, 188, 193-5, 198, 199, 213, see also purity, pure ground witchcraft 3, 200, 201 world interpretation, see dominance model; interaction model; model(s) of world interpretation worldview 39-40, 51, 56, 58, 168, 173, 175, 191; Buddhist 58; Tyvan 51, 56 wrestling 84, 110, 120 ydyktyg/ydyk 17, 80 ydyktyg cher (sacred place) 17, 53, 80, 86, 99, 107-8, 132, 136-9, 186, 192-4, 202,212-3 ydyktyg yjash (sacred tree) 17-8, 41, 80, 84-6, 107, 136-8, 193 Yenisei River 105, 187, 195, 213-4, see Ulug Khem yurt 15, 19, 41, 80, 87ff.; camp 87, 92, 102, 105-6, 121, 197
any_adam_object 1
author Oelschlägel, Anett C.
author_GND (DE-588)1053667787
author_facet Oelschlägel, Anett C.
author_role aut
author_sort Oelschlägel, Anett C.
author_variant a c o ac aco
building Verbundindex
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classification_rvk LC 50326
ctrlnum (OCoLC)964500796
(DE-599)GBV866807551
discipline Sozial-/Kulturanthropologie / Empirische Kulturwissenschaft
format Book
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Russian
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series2 Halle studies in the anthropology of Eurasia
spelling Oelschlägel, Anett C. Verfasser (DE-588)1053667787 aut
Plural world interpretations the case of the South-Siberian Tyvans Anett C. Oelschlaegel
Berlin ; Zürich LIT [2016]
x, 265 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten
txt rdacontent
n rdamedia
nc rdacarrier
Halle studies in the anthropology of Eurasia Volume 32
Zusammenfassung in Russisch
Teilweise in kyrillischer Schrift
Welt (DE-588)4065341-9 gnd rswk-swf
Weltbild (DE-588)4065352-3 gnd rswk-swf
Interpretation (DE-588)4072905-9 gnd rswk-swf
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Sibirien Süd (DE-588)4058458-6 gnd rswk-swf
Sibirien Süd (DE-588)4058458-6 g
Tuwinen (DE-588)4119756-2 s
Weltbild (DE-588)4065352-3 s
Flexibilität (DE-588)4125037-0 s
DE-604
Interaktionssystem (DE-588)4161977-8 s
Welt (DE-588)4065341-9 s
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Halle studies in the anthropology of Eurasia Volume 32 (DE-604)BV017471614 32
DE-101 pdf/application http://d-nb.info/1113035366/04 Inhaltsverzeichnis
DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029228462&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029228462&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis
Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029228462&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register
spellingShingle Oelschlägel, Anett C.
Plural world interpretations the case of the South-Siberian Tyvans
Halle studies in the anthropology of Eurasia
Welt (DE-588)4065341-9 gnd
Weltbild (DE-588)4065352-3 gnd
Interpretation (DE-588)4072905-9 gnd
Flexibilität (DE-588)4125037-0 gnd
Interaktionssystem (DE-588)4161977-8 gnd
Tuwinen (DE-588)4119756-2 gnd
Feldforschung (DE-588)4016674-0 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4065341-9
(DE-588)4065352-3
(DE-588)4072905-9
(DE-588)4125037-0
(DE-588)4161977-8
(DE-588)4119756-2
(DE-588)4016674-0
(DE-588)4058458-6
title Plural world interpretations the case of the South-Siberian Tyvans
title_auth Plural world interpretations the case of the South-Siberian Tyvans
title_exact_search Plural world interpretations the case of the South-Siberian Tyvans
title_full Plural world interpretations the case of the South-Siberian Tyvans Anett C. Oelschlaegel
title_fullStr Plural world interpretations the case of the South-Siberian Tyvans Anett C. Oelschlaegel
title_full_unstemmed Plural world interpretations the case of the South-Siberian Tyvans Anett C. Oelschlaegel
title_short Plural world interpretations
title_sort plural world interpretations the case of the south siberian tyvans
title_sub the case of the South-Siberian Tyvans
topic Welt (DE-588)4065341-9 gnd
Weltbild (DE-588)4065352-3 gnd
Interpretation (DE-588)4072905-9 gnd
Flexibilität (DE-588)4125037-0 gnd
Interaktionssystem (DE-588)4161977-8 gnd
Tuwinen (DE-588)4119756-2 gnd
Feldforschung (DE-588)4016674-0 gnd
topic_facet Welt
Weltbild
Interpretation
Flexibilität
Interaktionssystem
Tuwinen
Feldforschung
Sibirien Süd
url http://d-nb.info/1113035366/04
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