Fossil fuels current status and future directions
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fossil fuels |b current status and future directions |c editor Gerard M Crawley |
| 264 | 1 | |a New Jersey |b World Scientific |c [2016] | |
| 300 | |a xix, 349 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a World Scientific series in current energy issues |v volume 1 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Petroleum engineering | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Coal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Natural gas | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fossil fuels | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kraftstoff |0 (DE-588)4073754-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804176531452329984 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
A
Foreword to the World Scientific Series on Current Energy Issues xiii
Introduction to Fossil Fuels xvii
1. Coal Resources, Production, and Use Worldwide 1
Thomas Sarkus and William Ellis
1 Coal Basics............................................... 1
2 Coal Rank................................................. 2
3 Coal Analysis............................................. 2
4 World Coal Resources, Reserves, and Production Levels . 6
5 World Coal Usage ........................................ 10
5.1 Overview............................................. 11
5.2 OECD coal consumption................................ 11
5.3 Non-OECD coal consumption............................ 16
6 Conclusions and Outlook.................................. 21
References................................................... 21
2. Coal Gasification and Advances in Clean
Coal Technology 23
Thomas Sarkus and Adrian Radziwon
1 Gasification............................................. 23
2 Fixed/Moving Bed Gasifiers............................... 26
3 Entrained-Flow Gasifiers................................. 27
4 Fluidized-Bed Gasifiers.................................. 27
5 Advanced Gasifiers....................................... 28
6 Support Systems ......................................... 29
7 Syngas Processing/Cleanup................................ 30
V
vi Contents
8 Gasification Applications................................... 36
9 Coal Combustion............................................. 38
10 Pulverized Coal (or Pulverized Fuel) Boilers................ 39
11 Fluidized-Bed Combustion.................................... 40
12 Flue Gas Cleanup............................................ 43
13 Development Work — Oxy combustion........................... 45
14 Liquefaction................................................ 46
15 Conclusions and Outlook..................................... 47
References...................................................... 47
3. Geologic Carbon Storage 49
Thomas Sarkus, Michael Tennyson and Derek Vikara
1 Introduction................................................ 49
2 Geologic Storage of Carbon Dioxide.......................... 51
2.1 Storage formations .................................... 53
2.1.1 Oil and gas-bearing formations.................. 54
2.1.2 Saline formations............................... 56
2.1.3 Unmine able coal seams.......................... 58
2.1.4 Organic-rich shale basins....................... 60
2.1.5 Basalt.......................................... 61
3 Carbon Storage Transportation Infrastructure................ 62
4 CO2 Injection Operations ................................... 63
4.1 C02 Storage regulations in the US ..................... 64
4.2 Saline storage operations.............................. 65
4.3 EOR operations......................................... 66
4.4 Offshore storage operations............................ 66
5 Site Characterization and Selection......................... 67
6 Reservoir Modeling and Simulation........................... 69
7 Monitoring, Verification, Accounting (MVA) and
Assessment.................................................. 70
8 Major Carbon Storage Projects............................... 71
8.1 Sleipner project....................................... 72
8.2 In Salah project....................................... 72
8.3 Weyburn-Midale project................................. 73
8.4 Illinois industrial carbon capture and storage project
(ICCS)................................................. 73
8.5 Shenhua Ningxia coal to liquids project................ 74
Contents vii
8.6 Air products and Chemicals, Inc. CO2 capture and
storage project....................................... 74
8.7 DOE regional carbon sequestration partnerships
(RCSPs)............................................... 75
9 US DOE’s Efforts to Assess CCS Resources.................. 77
10 Cost of Carbon Storage.................................... 78
References.................................................... 79
4. Environmental Impacts of Coal Production 81
Thomas Sarkus and William Ellis
1 Overview.................................................. 81
2 Aesthetics................................................ 83
3 Air Quality.............................................. 84
4 Human Health and Safety................................... 85
5 Land Use.................................................. 86
6 Soils and Geologic Resources.............................. 87
7 Noise................................................. . 88
8 Transportation ........................................... 89
9 Ecological Resources...................................... 89
10 Hazardous Materials and Waste Management.................. 90
11 Paleontological Resources ................................ 91
12 Water Resources........................................... 92
13 Methane from Coal Mines................................... 93
14 Socioeconomic............................................. 94
15 Cultural Resources........................................ 95
16 Environmental Justice..................................... 96
17 Conclusions............................................... 96
References.................................................... 97
5. Petroleum Liquids 99
William L. Fisher and Christopher G. St. C. Kendall
1 Introduction............................................. 100
2 Production and Consumption............................... 100
3 Reserves and Resources................................... 103
3.1 Reserves............................................ 105
3.2 Resources........................................... 107
4 Future production........................................ 112
viii Contents
5 Oil Production Costs...................................... 113
References.................................................... 115
6. Unconventional Petroleum Liquids:
Tar Sands and Shale Oil 119
Velio A. Kuuskraa
1 Introduction to Chapter................................... 119
2 Oil Sands, Extra-Heavy Oil, and Tar Sands ............. 120
2.1 Overview............................................. 120
2.2 In-place and technically recoverable resources .... 121
2.3 Advances in recovery technologies.................... 122
2.4 Venezuela’s Orinoco Oil Belt......................... 123
2.4.1 Overview....................................... 123
2.4.2 In-place and recoverable extra-heavy oil
resources...................................... 123
2.4.3 Development of the Orinoco Oil Belt......... 124
2.4.4 Production practices and technology............ 127
2.4.5 Costs and economics............................ 127
2.5 Canada’s oil sands................................... 128
2.5.1 Overview....................................... 128
2.5.2 In-place and recoverable oil sand resources . . 128
2.5.3 Oil sands recovery technology.................. 129
2.5.4 Costs and Economics............................ 131
2.5.5 Other topics................................... 133
2.6 U.S. tar sands....................................... 134
2.6.1 Overview....................................... 134
2.6.2 In-place and recoverable resources............. 134
2.6.3 Key U.S. tar sands deposits ................... 135
3 Shale and Tight Oil....................................... 139
3.1 Overview............................................. 139
3.2 In-place and technically recoverable resources .... 139
3.3 Resource assessment methodology...................... 141
3.4 Major shale and tight oil countries.................. 144
3.4.1 Russia ........................................ 144
3.4.2 China.......................................... 145
3.4.3 Argentina ..................................... 146
3.4.4 United States ................................. 146
3.5 Shale and tight oil development...................... 147
Contents
IX
3.5.1 United States ................................ 147
3.5.2 Canada........................................ 153
3.5.3 Other countries............................... 153
3.6 Shale and tight oil technology and development ... 153
3.7 Cost and economics.................................. 153
References................................................ 155
Oil Spills: Causes, Consequences, Prevention,
and Countermeasures 159
Jacqueline Michel and Merv Fingas
1 Oil Spill Sources and Spill Rates........................ 159
1.1 Oil spill statistics................................ 160
1.2 Cost of spill cleanup and prevention............... 165
1.3 Oil inputs into the sea............................. 165
1.4 Review of the top worldwide spills.................. 167
1.5 Summary of Sources.................................. 167
2 Consequences............................................ 167
2.1 Consequences of spills on land...................... 167
2.2 Consequences of spills on biological resources and
habitats ........................................... 170
2.2.1 Oil toxicity and exposure..................... 170
2.2.2 Aquatic environments.......................... 172
2.2.3 Fish.......................................... 172
2.2.4 Plankton...................................... 173
2.2.5 Benthic invertebrates......................... 174
2.2.6 Birds......................................... 175
2.2.7 Marine mammals................................ 176
2.2.8 Intertidal fauna.............................. 178
2.2.9 Marine plants................................. 179
2.2.10 Marshes ..................................... 180
2.2.11 Mangroves.................................... 182
2.2.12 Coral reefs.................................. 183
2.3 Damage assessment and restoration................... 184
3 Oil Spill Prevention and Countermeasures................. 185
3.1 Prevention.......................................... 185
3.2 Countermeasures..................................... 190
3.2.1 Containment on water ......................... 190
3.2.2 Oil recovery on water......................... 192
X
Contents
3.2.3 Shoreline cleanup.............................. 196
3.2.4 Cleanup of oil spills on land.................. 198
4 Conclusions and Outlook................................... 199
References.................................................... 199
8. Natural Gas 203
John B. Curtis
1 Introduction.............................................. 203
2 Why Is Natural Gas Important?............................. 204
3 How Natural Gas Forms..................................... 206
4 Exploration............................................... 207
5 Development............................................... 208
6 Production................................................ 209
6.1 Gas fields........................................... 209
6.2 Stranded gas......................................... 210
6.3 Producing wells...................................... 211
6.4 Marketed production.................................. 211
7 Shale Gas................................................. 212
8 Delivering Natural Gas from Producing Region
to Market................................................. 212
8.1 Processing........................................... 212
8.2 Transportation....................................... 213
8.3 Delivery ............................................ 213
8.4 Storage.............................................. 214
9 Commerce.................................................. 215
10 The Integrated Delivery System............................ 215
11 LNG....................................................... 216
11.1 How natural gas is used.............................. 218
11.2 Power generation..................................... 218
12 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Generation.................. 219
12.1 Transportation....................................... 220
13 The Role of Reserves and Potential Resources ....... 222
Acknowledgments............................................... 226
References.................................................... 226
9. Hydraulic Fracturing 229
Randy F. LaFollette and Robert Samuel Hurt
1 Introduction.............................................. 229
Contents
xi
2 Hydraulic Fracturing: A Critical Technology in the Modern
World ................................................... 231
3 Reservoir Rock/Hydrocarbon Spectrum Review............... 231
4 Goals of Hydraulic Fracturing............................ 233
5 Description of the Fracturing Process.................... 235
6 Fracturing Equipment .................................... 237
6.1 Fracturing pump...................................... 240
6.2 Blender.............................................. 241
6.3 Hydration unit....................................... 243
6.4 Chemical additive trailer............................ 243
6.5 Proppant storage unit................................ 243
6.6 Stimulation treating van............................. 243
7 Rock Mechanics........................................... 244
8 Fluid Diversion.......................................... 248
9 Fracturing Rate and Pressure Calculations................ 253
10 Functions of the Fracturing Fluid........................ 258
11 Fracturing Fluid Materials............................... 259
12 Fracturing Fluid Selection Considerations ............... 263
13 Function of Fracturing Proppants......................... 264
14 Fracturing Proppant Types ............................... 265
15 Proppant Pack Damage Mechanisms.......................... 269
16 Proppant Selection Considerations ....................... 270
17 Fracture Modeling and Stimulation Design................. 271
18 Hydraulic Fracturing Safety Culture ..................... 275
19 Hydraulic Fracturing and the Environment................. 276
20 Advancement of Hydraulic Fracturing...................... 283
Acknowledgments.............................................. 284
References................................................... 284
10. Methane Hydrates 289
Yoshihiro Masuda, Tsutornu Uchida, Sadao Nagakubo
and Mikio Satoh
1 Structure and Phase Equilibria........................... 290
1.1 Methane hydrates..................................... 290
1.2 Crystal structures and guest molecules............... 290
1.3 Phase equilibria..................................... 293
2 Natural Occurrence ; Origin of Methane Hydrates .... 295
2.1 Global distribution of methane hydrates.............. 295
Xll
Contents
2.2 Sources of methane and the formation process
of methane hydrate deposits......................... 297
2.3 Exploration for methane hydrate deposits............ 299
2.4 Potential of methane hydrate reservoirs as natural gas
resources........................................... 301
2.5 Estimation of methane hydrate deposits as natural gas
resources........................................... 303
3 Development of Methane Hydrates......................... 306
3.1 Production methods for methane hydrates............. 306
3.2 Issues with methane hydrate development ............ 307
3.2.1 Prerequisites for technical study............ 307
3.2.2 Drilling..................................... 308
3.2.3 Production system............................ 310
3.3 Environmental impact ............................... 312
4 Review of Global Methane Hydrate Development............ 313
4.1 Japan............................................... 313
4.2 Russia.............................................. 316
4.3 USA ................................................ 316
4.4 Canada.............................................. 317
4.5 Germany............................................. 317
4.6 Norway.............................................. 318
4.7 Korea............................................... 319
4.8 China............................................ 319
4.9 Taiwan.............................................. 320
4.10 India.............................................. 320
4.11 New Zealand........................................ 321
5 Conclusions............................................. 321
Acknowledgments............................................. 322
References.................................................. 322
Index 329
About the Contributors 339
World Scientific Series in Current Energy Issues
Volume 1
Fossil Fuels
Concerns over energy resources and the environmental impact of
energy use will continue to be part of the polical agenda across the
globe. World Scientific s unique series of books on Current Energy
Issues is intended, in part, as an expansion and update of the material
contained in the World Scientific Handbook of Energy but in part each
volume will focus on related energy resources or issues that contain a
broader range of topics plus more explanatory text than was possible
in the Handbook. The authors will also take the opportunity to update
the data presented in the Handbook since in many cases the field is
rapidly changing.
The Fossil Fuels volume focuses on the main fossil resources, viz.
coal, oil and natural gas. Coal is still an extremely important resource
especially for electricity production around the world and the book
discussed methods for making coal a cleaner resource, including
carbon sequestration. There has been a rapid change in the mix of fossil
fuels mainly because of hydraulic fracturing which enables oil and
gas to be extracted from previously inaccessible formations. The book
describes this changing situation including the precautions required to
make the production of these fuels safe and environmentally benign.
Alternative fossil fuels such as methane hydrates are also discussed.
ISBN 978-981-4699-97-6
|
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| id | DE-604.BV043731789 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:33:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789814699976 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 015035158 |
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| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | xix, 349 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | World Scientific |
| record_format | marc |
| series | World Scientific series in current energy issues |
| series2 | World Scientific series in current energy issues |
| spelling | Fossil fuels current status and future directions editor Gerard M Crawley New Jersey World Scientific [2016] xix, 349 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier World Scientific series in current energy issues volume 1 Petroleum engineering Coal Natural gas Fossil fuels Kraftstoff (DE-588)4073754-8 gnd rswk-swf Kraftstoff (DE-588)4073754-8 s DE-604 Crawley, Gerard M. (DE-588)1111790191 edt World Scientific series in current energy issues volume 1 (DE-604)BV044037154 1 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029143634&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029143634&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Fossil fuels current status and future directions World Scientific series in current energy issues Petroleum engineering Coal Natural gas Fossil fuels Kraftstoff (DE-588)4073754-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4073754-8 |
| title | Fossil fuels current status and future directions |
| title_auth | Fossil fuels current status and future directions |
| title_exact_search | Fossil fuels current status and future directions |
| title_full | Fossil fuels current status and future directions editor Gerard M Crawley |
| title_fullStr | Fossil fuels current status and future directions editor Gerard M Crawley |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fossil fuels current status and future directions editor Gerard M Crawley |
| title_short | Fossil fuels |
| title_sort | fossil fuels current status and future directions |
| title_sub | current status and future directions |
| topic | Petroleum engineering Coal Natural gas Fossil fuels Kraftstoff (DE-588)4073754-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Petroleum engineering Coal Natural gas Fossil fuels Kraftstoff |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029143634&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029143634&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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