Pharmacologic therapy
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| Weitere Verfasser: | , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Elsevier
[2016]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Medical clinics of North America
volume 100, number 4 (July 2016) |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pharmacologic therapy |c editors Kim M. O'Connor, Douglas S. Paauw |
| 264 | 1 | |a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |b Elsevier |c [2016] | |
| 300 | |a xviii Seiten, Seite 647-969 |b Illustrationen | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Paauw, Douglas S. |d 1958- |0 (DE-588)1038545110 |4 edt | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819766912723189760 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Pharmacologic therapy
Autor: O Connor, Kim M
Jahr: 2016
Pharmacologic Therapy
Contents
Foreword: Pharmacologic Therapy xv
Edward R. Bollard
Preface: Pharmacologic Therapies: Updates and Clinical Pearls xvii
Kim M. O Connor and Douglas S. Paauw
Pharmacologic Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes 647
Jennifer J. Wright and Tracy S. Tylee
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a common condition. Treatment of diabetes and
related complications can be complex. In addition to lifestyle changes,
medications play an important role in controlling patients blood glucose
levels and preventing complications. From an individual and societal
standpoint, it is also an expensive disease. Medical spending attributed
to diabetes per individual is significant. With appropriate therapy, patients
can lead full, healthy lives with the disease, so making informed decisions
regarding pharmacotherapy for T2DM is clearly of great importance.
Update in Hypertension Therapy 665
Leonard A. Mankin
Hypertension Is the leading cause of early mortality in the world, and
reduction of blood pressure can help to reduce that burden. There is
an enormous and ever-expanding body of literature on hypertension,
with a 2016 Medline search for hypertension retrieving more than
113,000 publications. Recent guidelines from major societies have been
published, and often present conflicting recommendations based on
the same data. Using a question-and-answer format, this article reviews
some of the recent developments and opinions on management of blood
pressure and provides practical suggestions for management in the
clinical arena.
Pharmacologic Therapies in Anticoagulation 695
Joana Lima Ferreira and Joyce E. Wipf
Anticoagulants are beneficial for prevention and treatment of venous
thromboembolism and stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. The
development of target-specific oral anticoagulants is changing the
landscape of anticoagulation therapy and increasing interest on this
subject. Understanding the pharmacology of different anticoagulants
is the first step to adequately treat patients with best available
therapy while avoiding serious bleeding complications. This article re-
views the pharmacology of the main anticoagulant classes (vitamin K
antagonists, direct oral anticoagulants, and heparins) and their clinical
indications based on evidence-based data currently available in the
literature.
xii Contents
Pharmacologic Therapies for Rheumatologie and Autoimmune Conditions 719
Alison M. Bays and Gregory Gardner
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are commonly pre-
scribed by rheumatologists to reduce disease activity and induce remis-
sion in autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus
and rheumatoid arthritis. Steroids are sometimes used in combination
with DMARD therapy and should be used at the lowest effective dose
for the least amount of time. There are many biologic agents available
for use for inflammatory arthritis and other autoimmune conditions. Care
should be taken when prescribing and managing DMARDS, steroids,
and biologic agents medications with a careful eye towards screening
for infectious disease, vaccination, bone heath, and lab monitoring.
Movement Disorders: A Brief Guide in Medication Management 733
Anthony Julius and Katelan Longfellow
Movement disorders can be challenging to manage and often use a
specific set of medications. Because it is a complex and broad field within
neurology, many providers are unfamiliar with the classes of medications.
This article details medications used for specific conditions, explains why
these medications are helpful, and shares pearls and pitfalls related to
each agent, focusing on parameters such as dose titration, side effect pro-
files, and specific drug-drug interactions and challenges. We focus on the
most commonly encountered movement disorders, including essential
tremor, Parkinson s disease, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder,
and restless leg syndrome.
Pharmacologic Therapies in Women s Health: Contraception and Menopause
Treatment 763
Caitlin Allen, Ginger Evans, and Eliza L. Sutton
Female hormones play a significant role in the etiology and treatment
of many women s health conditions. This article focuses on the common
uses of hormonal therapy. When prescribing estrogen-containing regimens
throughout the span of a woman s life, the risks are similar (ie, cardio-
vascular risk and venous thromboembolism), but the degree of risk varies
significantly depending on a woman s particular set of risk factors and the
details of the hormone regimen. In addition to estrogens and progestogens,
this article also touches on the use of selective steroid receptor modulators
in emergency contraception and in treatment of menopause symptoms.
Pharmacologic Therapy in Men s Health: Hypogonadism, Erectile Dysfunction,
and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 791
Kathryn E. Berkseth, Arthi Thirumalai, and John K. Amory
This article reviews current pharmacologic treatment options for 3 common
men s health concerns: hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction (ED), and
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Specific topics addressed include:
management of male hypogonadism using testosterone replacement ther-
apy, use of oral phosphodiesterase inhibitors as first-line therapy for men
with ED and the utility of intraurethral and intrapenile alprostadil injections
for patients who do not respond to oral medications, and the role of
Contents xiii
alphal-adrenergic antagonists, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, anticholin-
ergic agents, and herbal therapies in the management of BPH.
Evaluation and Treatment of Osteoporosis 807
Kim M. O Connor
As the population ages, the rates of osteoporotic fractures will increase,
with postmenopausal women incurring most of these fractures. Diagnosis
and treatment of osteoporosis are extremely important. Dual-energy x-ray
absorptiometry scan screening is recommended in all women more than
65 years of age or in women aged 50 to 64 years with certain risk factors.
Treatment should be considered if osteoporosis is present, there is a history
of fragility fracture, or in the setting of osteopenia plus high risk for fracture.
Pharmacologic Therapies in Gastrointestinal Diseases 827
Rena K. Fox and Thiruvengadam Muniraj
Several key areas in gastroenterology pharmacotherapy are rapidly evolving,
including the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV), irritable bowel syndrome,
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and peptic ulcer disease. HCV
treatment has radically changed in the past 2 years and now most patients
are treatment candidates and have a high likelihood of permanent cure. Phar-
macotherapy is now first-line treatment for patients with moderate to severe
symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the
mainstay of therapy in gastric and duodenal ulcers and GERD, although long-
term use carries the risk of several side effects that should be considered.
Pharmacologic Therapies in Pulmonology and Allergy 851
Andrew G. Ayars and Matthew C. Altman
Conditions such as chronic rhinitis, urticaria, angioedema, and asthma are
frequently seen in clinics and hospitals, and there are a core group of med-
ications that are often used to treat these conditions. Knowing the indica-
tions, optimal dosing, and side-effect profile of these medications can
improve outcomes. Chronic rhinitis due to various causes is one of the
most common reasons for primary care physician visits. Knowing the indi-
cations for use, forms of administration, and side-effect profiles of these
medications can help improve patient outcomes in these common condi-
tions. This article focuses on the medications used to treat these conditions.
Pharmacologic Therapies in Musculoskeletal Conditions 869
Melinda S. Loveless and Adrielle L. Fry
Musculoskeletal conditions are common, and there are many options for
pharmacologic therapy. Unfortunately, there is not strong evidence for
the use of many of these medications. Acetaminophen and nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are generally first-line medications for
most musculoskeletal pain, but there is more evidence these medications
are not as safe as once thought. Other analgesic and antispasmodic med-
ications can be effective for acute pain but generally are not as effective for
chronic pain. Antidepressants and anticonvulsants can be more effective
xiv Contents
for chronic or neuropathic pain. Topical formulations of NSAIDs can be
effective for pain with fewer side effects.
Pharmacotherapy for Substance Use Disorders 891
Jared Wilson Klein
This article reviews the current pharmacotherapy options available for the
treatment of patients with substance use disorders. In the United States
there are medications available to treat tobacco use disorders (nicotine
replacement, bupropion, and varenicline), alcohol use disorders (naltrexone
and acamprosate), and opioid use disorders (methadone and buprenor-
phine). These medications are likely underused and physicians should
more readily prescribe for eligible patients.
New Approaches to Antibiotic Use and Review of Recently Approved
Antimicrobial Agents 911
Andrew W. Hahn, Rupali Jain, and David H. Spach
Antimicrobial drug-resistance continues to force adaptation in our clinical
practice. We explore new evidence regarding adjunctive antibiotic therapy
for skin and soft tissue abscesses as well as duration of therapy for
intra-abdominal abscesses. As new evidence refines optimal practice, it
is essential to support clinicians in adopting practice patterns concordant
with evidence-based guidelines. We review a simple approach that can
nudge clinicians towards concordant practices. Finally, the use of novel
antimicrobials will play an increasingly important role in contemporary
therapy. We review five new antimicrobials recently FDA-approved for
use in drug-resistant infections: dalbavancin, oritavancin, ceftaroline,
ceftolozane-tazobactam, and ceftazidime-avibactam.
Antiretroviral Therapy for Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 927
Aley G. Kalapila and Jeanne Marrazzo
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is considered a chronic
medical condition. Several new drugs are available, including fixed-dose
combination tablets, that have greatly simplified combination antiretroviral
therapy (ART) regimens to treat HIV, while increasing the life-expectancy of
infected individuals. In the last decade, multiple well-regarded studies
have established the benefits of using ART in high-risk, HIV-negative
persons to prevent HIV acquisition. The primary care provider must not
only understand commonly encountered issues pertaining to ART, such
as toxicities and drug interactions, but also needs to be aware of using
ART for HIV prevention.
Index
951
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| title_fullStr | Pharmacologic therapy editors Kim M. O'Connor, Douglas S. Paauw |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pharmacologic therapy editors Kim M. O'Connor, Douglas S. Paauw |
| title_short | Pharmacologic therapy |
| title_sort | pharmacologic therapy |
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