Diskursi shkurtër nga toponimia, betejat e Kosovës gjatë shekujve XIV-XV dhe vendosja e atëhershme e pushtetit turk në Dardani - Kosovën e shekullit XV Pjesa e 1.
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| adam_text | 106
Diskursi shkurter nga toponimia, betejat e Kosoves gjate shekujve XIV-XV dhe
vendosja e atehershme e pushtetit turk ne Dardani- Kosoven e shekullit XV
RESUME
At the beginning we may point out that as so far, through historiography it is accepted that cities of Kosova that were invaded during 1455-1463 were heterogeneous, in particular regarding the presence of Italian, Venetian, Florentine, Genevaian traders and with regard to miners, German sass, through mine cities in Kosova and places around those cities and occasionally Israelite. With regard to sass it has been found that their activities hark back during 1243-1276 and their presence in mine activities in speaking German language that according to K. Jirecek lasted until 1610. Their presence has been found in Novo Berd- Artane, Bellasice but less in Prishtina, Macedonia as well such as in Kratove, Montenegro, Bulgaria etc.
We have a hypothesis that the above mentioned traders and especially Ragouts and the minority of above mentioned sass participated in the First Kosova Battle in 1389, in the Second Kosova Battle in 1448 and in battles for the protection of Kosova from the Turkish attacks of the year 1413; 1427; 1439-1445 and in particular in the battle in 1455 that represented the Turkish invasion of the majority parts of Kosova.
Therefore, since the presence of sass in mine cities in Kosova is not contested and that some explicative, explored, implicit and indirect facts are still (provided) conserved or kept, we think that as Ragusa’s traders as well as Italian and German sass have participated
Prof dr.ord.Muhamet Ternava
107
in the protection of those cities from the Ottoman- Turkish attacks(invasions). Nevertheless, the protection of those cities was more concentrated on the majority nation Ilirian-Thracian-Arbnesh and the minority population such as Serbian-Slavic.
Thus, in this book the Turkish invasions are described, in particular those of t 1439-1445 and the final Turkish invasions in the cities of Kosova during 1445 and 1462-1643. To undertake a combative invasive expedition, Otto man-Turkish had to be acquainted with the toponomy, urban and rural macrotoponomy, with villages and cities that belonged to those cities, as like other invaders they had to be acquitted with toponymy and little anthroponomy of cities, streets, monuments of cities, in order to undertake respective military expeditions.
Therefore, in the beginning of this book we have put the part as: The importance of toponymy as an auxiliary science of history.
Thus, if we fill it out partially it comes as follows: from these Turkish victories was obvious and quite understandable that the territory of present Kosova was in Turkish invasion plan, a territory that was of a great importance for further aims of Turkish invaders. Due to that, in June 1389, Sultan Murat the first, accompanied by his sons: Bajazit and Jakub and by commanders: Evrenosi, Sarixhi and Ballabani, decided that with a relatively large army to attack and invade. During the 1389, the above-mentioned territory was attacked and invaded. Nations of Balkan, with arms into their hands decided to fight against his attack and breakthrough, and formed a military alliance through which they temporarily abandoned all disagreements that they had between themselves. In this alliance expect the army of prince Llazar and Vlk Brank was as well the army of Vllatko Vuketic, who was at the same time the vicarious and the head of the Bosnian King Tvertko s army (1353-1391) as well as the army leaded by
108
Diskursi shkurtér nga toponimia, betejat e Kosoves gjaté shekujve XIV-XV dhe
vendosja e atéhershme e pushtetit turk né Dardani- Kosoven e shekullit XV
Ivanish Horvati who in Croatia was the representative of Napolitano party etc.
In light of the Albanian noblemen participating at the Kosova’s Battle, it is worth mentioning that there were thoughts, according to which, Skenderbeu’s grandfather-named Gjergj or Pal joined the battle. One of them is the well known Austrian historian, J. Hammer, who, in particular contributed on the historiography of Turkish empire. In his book “The history of Ottoman empire” says that the well known prince called Gjergj Kastrioti participated In Kosova’s Battle.
The same thing is mentioned by the well known writer and polyglot Fan. S. Noli along with the well known Albanian nobleman of the XVI century Andrea Engjelli who as well supports the respective standpoint. Andrea into his genealogy pointed out that Skenderbeu’s grandfather was called Gjergj Kastrioti, and the grand-grand father Konstandin. However, today’s historiography acknowledges findings of the Albanian nobleman Gjon Muzaka, who claimed that Skenderbeu’s grandfather was called Pal Kastrioti. It is reasonable to admit that Gjon Muzaka’s finding is more accurate and true than the one of Andrea Engjelli, due to the fact that Gjon Muzaka was the co fighter of Skenderbeu and had family relationship with a lot of Albanian noblemen of the XV century. Thus, given that, that Skdnderbeu’s grandfather was called Pal and not Gjergj, then, the claim that the Albanian nobleman named Gjergj Kastrioti took part in Kosova’s battle, is not a standing argue. On the other hand, the Austrian historian Hammer, most likely mixed the name of Gjergj Kastrioti with the name of Gjergj Balsha,- who as precisely known,
Prof dr.ord.Muhamet Ternava
109
was late for Kosova’s battle. Hence, from Kastriots family, Pali was the one who took part into the battle of Kosova in 1389.
There are a lot of valuable Turkish records from the XV century on Albanian participation in the battle of Kosova. Albanian participation a bit early was mentioned by the so-called Ahmedija along with others such as: Shukrullahu- who apart from Albanians mentioned Czechs, Bulgarians and Franks; Uruxhi who apart from Albanians and Serbs mentioned Hungarians, Czechs, Bulgarians and Franks; Sadedin who in particular mentioned participation of Gjergj Balsha despite the fact that he could not reach the battle field; Neshrija who reported on Albanian mercenars into other military forces of the anti-turk coalition. We think that approximately 50% of them were Illyrian- Thracian-Arbnesh fighters.
According to these sources, it is to be admitted that Turkish invasion into Balkans was not a concern only for one population per se, but it was a unique problem for all Balkans’ people. The sole problem of Balkans’ people was on how to protect their respective independences. This was the reason why on the eve of the battle of Kosova, the anti-turk coalition made of Christian forces of Balkan’s population, and according to Turkish chronics, even of Christian forces of Eastern Europe was established. Such data were admitted by the science of history- contested or not contested.
Despite the fact that almost entire Balkans took part into the battle of Kosova, respectively the coalition of Balkan, yet the Yugoslav historiography, in particular the Serbian one, through its historians tried to turn down the role of other Balkan’s nations in the war on protection of this peninsula, in particular in the concrete case in relation to the role of their partaking in the Battle of Kosova in 1389. Through those efforts they tried to enlighten that only the medieval Serbian state and the Serbian population were those who fought to
Prof dr.ord.Muhamet Ternava
111
Veshtrim pakez me analitik rreth Betejave te Kosoves (1389,
1448)
Beteja e Pare e Kosoves (1389)
Gjer ne kete vit (2007) te shekullit XXI, jane publikuar qindra trajtesa neper periodikin perkatesor, neper librat e historise, neper magjistratura, neper doktoratura, neper pjese te tyre, neper gazetari —
M.T., neper fejtone dhe artikuj te saj, dhe ecurite narrative-axplikative (shpjegimitore), perafersisht te njejta ose se paku te ngjashme, ngase ashtu ose ngjashem ndodhe gjate mbareshkrimeve historike te ngjarjeve qe konsideroheshin sadopak, thene kushtimisht kthesa, ngjarje historike. Dhe, sa i perket Kosoves dhe Betejes se Kosoves se viteve 1389, 1448, me teper kane zenS vend te
permendurit e Betejave te Kosoves se sa vete Kosova ne te cilen qene zhvilluar. Dhe, ashtu, diqysh, betejat e Kosoves, e afirmuan Kosoven, e futen neper periodikin, neper enciklopedite, neper librat e historise, Kosoven me teper se sa qe Kosova i futi neper ato enciklopedi, libra historik dhe neper periodik, ose explikuar kondicionalisht, Kosova dhe Betajat e Kosoves, 1389, 1448, jane aq tg nderlidhura, sa s’mund te flitet per betejat e Kosoves, 1389, 1448, dhe te mos flitet per Kosoven, ose kur flitet per Kosoven, njerezve qe kane mesuar sadopak te mos mendojne per betejat e Kosoves. Tillshem edhe ngase ne Betejen e Pare te Kosoves, qene mbytur 5 burra shteteror dhe nje femi i rritur, burre shteteror. Pra, qene mbytur : l).Sulltan Murati i Pare, emir dhe sulltan i Turqise nga viti 1362 gjer ne vitin 1389;
2).Qe mbytur femiu i rritur i tij, Jakubi; 3).Princ Llazari, princ ne Sever, ne veri te Kosoves nga viti 1361 gjer ne vitin 1389; 4)Arbneshi-shqiptar Teodor Muzaka, princ ne Shqiperine e Jugut,
4
Diskurs! shkurter nga toponimia, betejat e Kosoves gjate shekujve XIV-XV dhe
vendosja e atehershme e pushtetit turk ne Dardani- Kosoven e shekullit XV
Permbajtja
Rendesfa c toponomastikes si shkence ndihmese e historise.....5-44
Ngjarjes qe i paraprine Betejes se Pare te Kosoves se vitit 1389 dhe
ndikimet e tyre ndaj Betejes se Pare te Kosoves (1389)........45-54
Beteja e Dyte e Kosoves, 1448 (Lutje-Falenderime).............55-61
Karakteristikat e te se permendurit te betejave te Kosoves....61-62
Bashkekohasit e betejave te Kosoves (1389,1448)...............62-66
(^fare ishte gjendja e krijuar e Kosoves ose ne Kosove gjate gjysmes se
dyte te shekullit XV..........................................66-71
Vazhdini ndaj betejes se Kosoves:.............................71-76
Vendosja e pushtetit turk 1455-1462-63........................76-98
Kumtesa rreth islamizimit te shqiptareve......................98-105
Perfundinii (perkthehet sikur rezyme ne gjuhen angleze)....105-109
Rezymeja anglisht-........................................ 110-114
Veshtrim pakez ma analitik rreth betejave te Kosoves........115-117
Biografia e M. Ternaves................................... 117-127
S
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek j München j
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| spellingShingle | Tërnava, Muhamet 1947- Diskursi shkurtër nga toponimia, betejat e Kosovës gjatë shekujve XIV-XV dhe vendosja e atëhershme e pushtetit turk në Dardani - Kosovën e shekullit XV |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Diskursi shkurtër nga toponimia, betejat e Kosovës gjatë shekujve XIV-XV dhe vendosja e atëhershme e pushtetit turk në Dardani - Kosovën e shekullit XV |
| title_auth | Diskursi shkurtër nga toponimia, betejat e Kosovës gjatë shekujve XIV-XV dhe vendosja e atëhershme e pushtetit turk në Dardani - Kosovën e shekullit XV |
| title_exact_search | Diskursi shkurtër nga toponimia, betejat e Kosovës gjatë shekujve XIV-XV dhe vendosja e atëhershme e pushtetit turk në Dardani - Kosovën e shekullit XV |
| title_full | Diskursi shkurtër nga toponimia, betejat e Kosovës gjatë shekujve XIV-XV dhe vendosja e atëhershme e pushtetit turk në Dardani - Kosovën e shekullit XV Pjesa e 1. Prof.dr.ord. Muhamet Tërnava |
| title_fullStr | Diskursi shkurtër nga toponimia, betejat e Kosovës gjatë shekujve XIV-XV dhe vendosja e atëhershme e pushtetit turk në Dardani - Kosovën e shekullit XV Pjesa e 1. Prof.dr.ord. Muhamet Tërnava |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diskursi shkurtër nga toponimia, betejat e Kosovës gjatë shekujve XIV-XV dhe vendosja e atëhershme e pushtetit turk në Dardani - Kosovën e shekullit XV Pjesa e 1. Prof.dr.ord. Muhamet Tërnava |
| title_short | Diskursi shkurtër nga toponimia, betejat e Kosovës gjatë shekujve XIV-XV dhe vendosja e atëhershme e pushtetit turk në Dardani - Kosovën e shekullit XV |
| title_sort | diskursi shkurter nga toponimia betejat e kosoves gjate shekujve xiv xv dhe vendosja e atehershme e pushtetit turk ne dardani kosoven e shekullit xv |
| topic_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
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