Stanisław Staszic - organizator nauki i gospodarki
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Stowarzyszenie Wychowanków Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej im. Stanisława Staszica
1999
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| 100 | 1 | |a Wójcik, Zbigniew |d 1922-2014 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1033725145 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Stanisław Staszic - organizator nauki i gospodarki |c Zbigniew Wójcik |
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| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Staszic, Stanisław / (1755-1826) |2 jhpk |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Staszic, Stanisław / (1755-1826) / bibliografia |2 jhpk |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804176013724221440 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SUMMARY
Stanislaw Staszic - an outline of biography
Stanislaw Wawrzynicc Staszic (bom on November 1755 in Pifa, Greater
Poland - died in Warsaw on January 20, 1826), son of Wawrzyniec, mayor of
Pita and Katarzyna ne M^dlicka. Till 1778 he was attending a District School
in Poznan, having since 1774 inferior priest consecration. In 1779 he publis-
hed in Warsaw his translation of Z. Racine’s treatise “Religion” and Voltai-
re’s philosophical transactions entitled “Poem on the fall of Lisbona etc.”.
In 1779 Staszic probably visited the universities of Leipzig and Gttingen
and during following two years studied natural sciences at the College de Fran-
ce in Paris, being particularly interested in Buffon’s work “Les epoques de la
nature”(1778). He decided to translate it into Polish. Therefore, when going
back to Poland through Alps and Appennines he visited Vesuvius and was car-
rying out geological observations, continuing them in Polish territories.
Since 1781 Staszic was employed as a home teacher by prince Andrzej
Zamoyski, first in Warsaw, afterwards in Biezun (northern Masovia) and, till
1782, in Zamosc. In this year he obtained at the Zamoyski Academy the doc-
torate in laws and, subsequently, was teaching French language in this higher
school till its liquidation in 1784. Simultaneously, he was translating Buf-
fon’s work which was published in Warsaw in 1786 with his comments on
the significance of social education. Besides, Staszic has published in War-
saw his translations of two books devoted to moral problems: “Numa Pom-
pilius, second king of Rome” (1788) and “Glorification of Marc Aurelius” by
Thomas (1789).
Critical state of the Polish-Lithuanian Republic inclined Staszic to pre-
sent his proposals of social-economics reforms. They were published in ano-
nymous book entitled “Remarks on the life of Jan Zamoyski, chancellor and
hetman, adapted to the present state of Polish Republic” (1787). This book
has stimulated vivid discussion on Staszic’s postulates concerning populari-
zation of education and, first of all, the problem of promotion of underprivi-
leged paesant and middle classes. Another debated point was an increase of
funds to strengthen the military power of the country by nationalization of ec-
clesiastic properties. Some of Staszic’s postulates were accepted by parlia-
ment in 1789 and subsequent years. In 1790 he has commented insufficient
realization of reforms in a book “Admonissions to Poland” resulting from ac-
tual political relations in Europe and natural laws. He has emphasized that the
crisis in Poland can be overpassed only by promotion of lower classes and
elimination of feudal system.
In 1790 Staszic — as teacher of Zamoyski’s children - was sent by this
noble family to Austria and Italy. He was staying there till the end of 1791,
202
being interested, first of all, in the system of education and industry. When re-
turning from Naples he was paying attention to geological problems what, in
coming years, was the main subject of his studies. He was also interested in
natural philosophy (after BufFon) and in utilization of mineral raw materials.
In the years 1792-1794 Staszic was still Zamoyski’s children teacher
and their clerk for special affairs. During his travels across Poland he was
carrying out geological field works. In the second half of 1794 he moved with
Zamoyski family to Vienna, where he was staying — with a short interval in
1795 — till June 1797. Apart from Zamoyski’s affairs, Staszic was carrying
out geological field studies in Austria, being also interested in the works of
mines and metallurgical factories.
In 1798 Staszic finished his cooperation with A. Zamoyski’s family but
was still joined with its relatives - namely with Aleksander Sapieha, son in
law of Andrzej i Konstancja Zamoyski, being treated as family member.
Thanks to his economic activities their goods were saved from total degrada-
tion. Staszic was a rich man, increasing his fortune by successful financial
operations. In 1797 he decided to locate his money in buying Sapieha’s esta-
te in Wisznice (Podlasie region) and in 1801 — larger properties in Hrubic-
szow region. After taking them in 1811 in possession, Staszic has liberated
peasants from soccage and in 1816 divided its whole territory between them.
Moreover, he has founded the Hrubicszow Agricultural Society with its own
administration, schools, bank etc.
Since 1795 Poland has lost its independence and its whole territory was
divided between Russia, Prussia and Austria. The occupants initiated inten-
sive russification and germanization policy. Therefore, the most important
cultural-patriotic problem was preservation of Polish language. Staszic was
one of initiators of formation of the Society of Friends of Sciences in War-
saw (under Prussian occupation), being from 1808 to 1826 its president and
benefactor. In 1806 he offered to the Society a house and, subsequently, erec-
ted a special edifice, actually called Staszic Palace. His activity in the Socie-
ty was very fruitful. Staszic was paying particular attention to the studies on
Polish language (eg. protecting the preparation of the “Dictionary of Polish
language by S.B.Linde) and, especially, on the history of Poland. He was
postulating and realizing close relation of theoretical studies with practical
needs of the country7, particularly in chemistry, technology and natural scien-
ces. Since 1805 he was presenting the results of his geological studies. Their
final effect was the publication of a detailed monograph “On geognosy of
Carpathians and other mountains and lowlands of Poland with an atlas con-
taining geological map of central Europe (Warsaw. 1815). This book is dea-
ling mainly with the results of Staszie s observations on stratigraphy (five
gcochronologic epochs) and on the occurrence of mineral raw materials. His
opinion is based on stratigraphic principles of French geologist of Enlighten-
203
ment period whilst the origin of rocks - on Werner’s neptunistic ideas and,
only marginally, relating with volcanic activity. Staszic’s monograph was no-
ticed by specialists abroad. Thanks to interesting descriptions of his tra-
vels and literary talent of the Autor, it was a widely read book, contributing
to popularization of romantic philosophy of life.
At least since 1804 Staszic was carrying out geological field observa-
tion, eg. France, Austria and Saxony. Some results of these studies were pub-
lished in France, as eg. the paper “Sur des mlanites trouves en Pologne” (Pa-
ris, 1807).
In the Society of Friends of Sciences Staszic was presenting his transla-
tions of classical Greek literature (e.g. Homer’s “Illiada”) and its historiophi-
losophical considerations, later included into his work “Human race”. Mo-
reover, he has initiated the studies on popularization of history of Polish
Sciences, e.g. tending to remind Copernicus achievements. One of the effects
of this activity was the monument of this great astronomer, unveiled in War-
saw in 1830.
In 1807 a small part of Polish-Lithuanian Republic has gained indepen-
dence as Duchy of Warsaw, Staszic was working in several government’s
commissions, first of all in the Education Chamber. Since 1812 he was its as-
sistant minister. He was the author of certificates concerning various types of
educational systems and significantly contributed to proper financial support
for schools. Another effect of his activity was the formation of two higher
schools in Warsaw: juridical-administrational (in 1808) and medical (1809),
being, in fact, the director of the second one. When in 1809 Cracow was in-
corporated into the Duchy of Warsaw, Staszic has contributed to the moder-
nization of its ancient university by introducing the elements of mining and
metallurgy, lectured by Józef Tomaszewski educated at the Bergakademie in
Freiberg.
After the formation of Kingdom of Poland (within tsarist Russian empi-
re) in 1815, Staszic was working in the government commissions of educa-
tion and of interior affairs. In the last one he was the general director of the
Department of Industry and Trade, contributing to the modernization of mi-
ning and metallurgical works in Lesser Poland and of textile industry in the
environs of Lodz. Besides, he was leading the purification of navigable rivers
and modernization of roads as well as contributed to the formation of the
Chambers of Commerce and Handcrafts. In 1816 Staszic has organizated in
Kiclcc the Main Mining Office, lead by the Saxonian miner Jan Ullman. He
has employed in this Office mainly Saxonian specialists, A.G.Werner’s pu-
pils from Bergakademie Freiberg: Gottlieb Bloede, Johann Graff, Jonnan Ka-
den. Friedcrich Lempe. Georg Gottlieb Pusch and others. Simultaneously
Staszic has formed in Kiclcc a higher mining school called Mining Academy
which has educated excellent specialists, often supplementing their studies
204
abroad. Saxonian and Polish teachers (e.g. J.Tomaszewski, M.Krolikiewicz
and others) were lecturing in German and Polish. Bloede, Graff and, first of
all, Pusch were simultaneously carrying out large-scale geological field
works. The latter has performed several research travels to the Carpathians,
including their Hungarian part.
Staszic has participated in the attempts to organize two important hig-
her schools: the Warsaw University and Agronomic Institute in Marymont (at
present a district of Polish capital). They both were opened in 1818. The Uni-
versity has incorporated earlier formed juridical-administrational and medi-
cal schools as its departments. Among their faculties there were different
branches of polytechnical type as: architecture, construction of roads and
bridges etc. However, several years later Staszic decided to form a separate
higher polytechnical school on Warsaw. Thanks to his efforts it was inaugu-
rated on January 4, 1826, being formally called Preparatory School for Poly-
technical Institute. This higher school was representing a high standard of te-
aching since its professors, thanks to Staszic’s activity, were supplementing
their studies abroad. Consequently, in 1826, thanks to Staszic’s energy, there
were in the Kingdom of Poland four higher schools — three in Warsaw and
one in Kielce. Besides, there were also higher artistic schools. It should be
emphasized that Staszic has also assured them financial support as well as
preparation of proper teachers and curricula, uniting theoretical and practical
aspects of sciences. More eminent students had the possibility to supplement
their education abroad. Consequently, when after the fall of November Uprai-
sal (1831) the Russian authorities have closed nearly all the Polish higher
schools in the Kingdom of Poland and eastern part of former Republic, a high
standard of intellectual culture was maintained.
In the years of Kingdom of Poland Staszic has published numerous bo-
oks. The most important were his “Works” edited in 1816-1820 in nine volu-
mes. The first six contained reprints of his earlier published treatises and
translations with some new comments. The last three volumes (1819-1820)
comprised Staszic’s great historiosophic poem “Human race”, illustrated in
Paris. The last of these works, showing distinct panslavistic tendency, was
published without censor’s permission. Therefore, by order of great prince
Constantine (tsarist governor of the Kingdom of Poland) it was confiscated.
The translations of “Illiada” and “Human race”, as well as, partly, also “On
geognosy of Carpathians...” contain numerous neologisms of folk and Rus-
sian origin. Therefore, the interest in the results of his scientific studies was,
to some degree, diminished. Nevertheless, the influence of Staszic’s ideas, re-
presenting Enlightenment period, on the development of intellectual trends of
Romantic epoch was significant. In this respect particularly interesting were
the descriptions of nature of the Tatra Mts.
205
Spis tresci
Przedmowa......................................................5
1. Wpisany w historiq narodu ................................9
2. Ziemie polskie w latach 1755-1826.........................14
3. Ksztaltowanie siq osobowosci mieszczanina z Pily.
Lata 1755-1781 18
3.1. Pila — miasto rodzinne ...............................18
3.2. Dom rodzinny. Lata 1755-1772 (?) ....................21
3.3. Szkola w Poznaniu. Lata 1772(?)-1778 ................26
3.4. Studia paryskie. Lata 1799-1781 .....................30
4. W epoce reform Rzeczypospolitcj ...........................34
4.1. Nauczyciel z wyboru ..................................34
4.2. W Akademii Zamojskiej ................................38
4.3. Tlumacz Epok natury Buffona...........................41
4.4. Dwie ksi^zki o sposobie naprawy Rzeczypospolitej .....45
5. W kraju i za granic^. Lata 1790-1807 .....................52
5.1. Przez AustriQ do Wloch ..............................52
5.2. U Zamoyskich - po kontrakcie.........................63
5.3. W Wiedniu i w Alpach.................................66
6. Sprawy gospodarcze i podröze badawcze.
Lata 1798-1806 71
6.1. Kapital i maj^tek zicmski.............................71
6.2. Rozpoznanie gcologii ziem polskich i obszar
w przyleglych w latach 1798-1804 ......................74
6.3. W Paryzu w 1804-1805 r................................79
6.4. Wyjazd w Tatry w 1805 r...............................81
7. Wsröd cztonköw Warszawskiego
Towarzystwa Przyjaciöl Nauk................................83
8. O wlasciwy uströj oswiaty vv Ksiqstwic Warszawskim.
Lata 1907-1815 88
8.1. Na przelomie 1806/7 r.................................88
8.2. We wladzach edukacyjnych .............................90
8.3. Prace pisarskie ......................................98
8.4. Nauka blizej spoleczeñstwa. W Towarzystwie
Przyjaciól Nauk w latach 1807-1815 .....................101
9. Nauka, szkolnictwo wyzsze, przemysl. Lata 1815-1826........107
9.1. Na granicy epok .................................... 107
9.2. Organizacja szkól wyzszych............................111
9.3. Towarzystwo Rolnicze Hrubieszowskie ..................118
9.4. Ostatnie dziesiçciolecie prezesury w Towarzystwie
Przyjaciól Nauk...................................... 121
9.5. Przemysl Królestwa Polskiego..........................131
10. Pocz^tek legendy apostóla oswiaty.........................138
11. Zakoñczenie...............................................145
12. Bibliografía podmiotowa i przedmiotowa
Stanislawa Staszica (wybór) ...............................148
12.1. Wprowadzenie ...................................... 148
12.2. Dawne i nowsze wydania prac Staszica.................150
12.3. XIX i XX-wieczne publikacje o Staszicu ..............151
12.3.1. Opracowania zbiorowe, nawi^zujXce do rocznic...151
12.3.2. Stasziciana: ksi^zki i artykuly w czasopismach.157
13. Przypisy .................................................171
14. Aneksy....................................................183
I. Doniesienie ............................................183
II. Sk^d powstaí mój maj^tek ..............................185
III. Testament ............................................187
IV. Nie s^dz. Opowiadanie o Stanislawie
Staszicu — Karol Dickens ..................................191
15. Streszczenie..............................................195
16. Summary ..................................................201
17. Spis ilustracji ..........................................206
|
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| author | Wójcik, Zbigniew 1922-2014 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1033725145 |
| author_facet | Wójcik, Zbigniew 1922-2014 |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Wójcik, Zbigniew 1922-2014 |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043420420 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)951596469 (DE-599)BVBBV043420420 |
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| genre_facet | Biografie |
| id | DE-604.BV043420420 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:25:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 8390208938 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028838383 |
| oclc_num | 951596469 |
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| physical | 220 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSearch | 1999 |
| publishDateSort | 1999 |
| publisher | Stowarzyszenie Wychowanków Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej im. Stanisława Staszica |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Wójcik, Zbigniew 1922-2014 Verfasser (DE-588)1033725145 aut Stanisław Staszic - organizator nauki i gospodarki Zbigniew Wójcik Kraków Stowarzyszenie Wychowanków Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej im. Stanisława Staszica 1999 220 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache unter dem Titel: Stanisław Staszic - an outline of biography Staszic, Stanisław / (1755-1826) jhpk Staszic, Stanisław / (1755-1826) / bibliografia jhpk Staszic, Stanisław / (1755-1826) Staszic, Stanisław 1755-1826 (DE-588)121331075 gnd rswk-swf Nauka / biografie / Polska / 18-19 w (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Staszic, Stanisław 1755-1826 (DE-588)121331075 p DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028838383&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028838383&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Wójcik, Zbigniew 1922-2014 Stanisław Staszic - organizator nauki i gospodarki Staszic, Stanisław / (1755-1826) jhpk Staszic, Stanisław / (1755-1826) / bibliografia jhpk Staszic, Stanisław / (1755-1826) Staszic, Stanisław 1755-1826 (DE-588)121331075 gnd Nauka / biografie / Polska / 18-19 w |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)121331075 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Stanisław Staszic - organizator nauki i gospodarki |
| title_auth | Stanisław Staszic - organizator nauki i gospodarki |
| title_exact_search | Stanisław Staszic - organizator nauki i gospodarki |
| title_full | Stanisław Staszic - organizator nauki i gospodarki Zbigniew Wójcik |
| title_fullStr | Stanisław Staszic - organizator nauki i gospodarki Zbigniew Wójcik |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stanisław Staszic - organizator nauki i gospodarki Zbigniew Wójcik |
| title_short | Stanisław Staszic - organizator nauki i gospodarki |
| title_sort | stanislaw staszic organizator nauki i gospodarki |
| topic | Staszic, Stanisław / (1755-1826) jhpk Staszic, Stanisław / (1755-1826) / bibliografia jhpk Staszic, Stanisław / (1755-1826) Staszic, Stanisław 1755-1826 (DE-588)121331075 gnd Nauka / biografie / Polska / 18-19 w |
| topic_facet | Staszic, Stanisław / (1755-1826) Staszic, Stanisław / (1755-1826) / bibliografia Staszic, Stanisław 1755-1826 Nauka / biografie / Polska / 18-19 w Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028838383&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028838383&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wojcikzbigniew stanisławstaszicorganizatornaukiigospodarki |