Flow measurement handbook industrial designs, operating principles, performance, and applications
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Cambridge, United Kingdom
Cambridge University Press
2016
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| 020 | |a 9781107045866 |9 978-1-107-04586-6 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Baker, Roger Clive |d 1947- |0 (DE-588)1099468345 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Flow measurement handbook |b industrial designs, operating principles, performance, and applications |c Roger C. Baker |
| 250 | |a Second edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge, United Kingdom |b Cambridge University Press |c 2016 | |
| 300 | |a xlvi, 745 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturverzeichnis Seite 643-733 | ||
| 505 | 8 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | |
| 505 | 8 | |a Fluid mechanics essentials -- Specification, selection and audit -- Calibration -- Orifice plate meters -- Venturi meter and standard nozzles -- Critical flow Venturi nozzle -- Other momentum-sensing meters -- Positive displacement flowmeters -- Turbine and related flowmeters -- Vortex shedding, swirl and fluidic flowmeters -- Electromagnetic flowmeters -- Magnetic resonance flowmeters -- Ultrasonic flowmeters -- Acoustic and sonar flow methods -- Mass flow measurement using multiple sensors for single-phase flows 6,044 -- Multiphase flowmeters -- Thermal flowmeters -- Angular momentum devices -- Coriolis flowmeters -- Probes for local velocity measurement in liquids and gases -- Verification and in situ methods for checking calibration -- Remote data access systems -- Final considerations | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Flow meters / Handbooks, manuals, etc | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Flow meters / Design and construction / Handbooks, manuals, etc | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fluid dynamic measurements / Handbooks, manuals, etc | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Flow meters |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Flow meters / Design and construction |2 fast | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Fluid dynamic measurements |2 fast | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Strömungsmechanik |0 (DE-588)4077970-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Strömungsmesstechnik |0 (DE-588)4129610-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Durchflussmessung |0 (DE-588)4013344-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Strömungsmesstechnik |0 (DE-588)4129610-2 |D s |
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| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Strömungsmechanik |0 (DE-588)4077970-1 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 2 | 0 | |a Durchflussmessung |0 (DE-588)4013344-8 |D s |
| 689 | 2 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028766741&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028766741 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819613312337313792 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Flow measurement handbook
Autor: Baker, Roger Clive
Jahr: 2016
Contents
Preface page xxiii
Acknowledgements xxv
Nomenclature xxvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Initial Considerations 1
1.2 Do We Need a Flowmeter? 2
1.3 How Accurate? 4
1.4 A Brief Review of the Evaluation of Standard Uncertainty 8
1.5 Note on Monte Carlo Methods 10
1.6 Sensitivity Coefficients 10
1.7 What Is a Flowmeter? 11
1.8 Chapter Conclusions (for those who Plan to Skip the
Mathematics!) 14
1.9 Mathematical Postscript 15
LA Statistics of Flow Measurement 17
l.A.l Introduction 17
1.A.2 The Normal Distribution 17
1.A.3 The Student t Distribution 20
1.A.4 Practical Application of Confidence Level 21
1.A.5 Types of Error 22
1.A.6 Combination of Uncertainties 23
1.A.7 Uncertainty Range Bars, Transfer Standards and
Youden Analysis 24
2 Fluid Mechanics Essentials 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Essential Property Values 27
2.3 Flow in a Circular Cross-Section Pipe 27
2.4 Flow Straighteners and Conditioners 31
2.5 Essential Equations 34
VII
viii Contents
2.6 Unsteady Flow and Pulsation 36
2.7 Compressible Flow 38
2.8 Multiphase Flow 40
2.9 Cavitation, Humidity, Droplets and Particles 42
2.10 Gas Entrapment 43
2.11 Steam 45
2.12 Chapter Conclusions 45
2.A Further Aspects of Flow Behaviour, Flow Conditioning
and Flow Modelling 46
2.A.1 Further Flow Profile Equations 46
2.A.2 Non-Newtonian Flows 47
2.A.3 Flow Conditioning 47
2.A.4 Other Installation Considerations 50
2.A.5 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 50
3 Specification, Selection and Audit 52
3.1 Introduction 52
3.2 Specifying the Application 52
3.3 Notes on the Specification Form 53
3.4 Flowmeter Selection Summary Table 56
3.5 Draft Questionnaire for Flowmeter Audit 62
3.6 Final Comments 62
3.A Specification and Audit Questionnaires 63
3.A.1 Specification Questionnaire 63
3.A.2 Supplementary Audit Questionnaire 65
4 Calibration 67
4.1 Introduction 67
4.1.1 Calibration Considerations 67
4.1.2 Typical Calibration Laboratory Facilities 70
4.1.3 Calibration from the Manufacturer s Viewpoint 71
4.2 Approaches to Calibration 72
4.3 Liquid Calibration Facilities 75
4.3.1 Flying Start and Stop 75
4.3.2 Standing Start and Stop 77
4.3.3 Large Pipe Provers 80
4.3.4 Compact Provers 80
4.4 Gas Calibration Facilities 85
4.4.1 Volumetric Measurement 85
4.4.2 Mass Measurement 86
4.4.3 Gas/Liquid Displacement 86
4.4.4 pvT Method 87
4.4.5 Critical Nozzles 87
4.4.6 Soap Film Burette Method 88
Contents ix
4.5 Transfer Standards and Master Meters 88
4.6 In Situ Calibration 91
4.6.1 Provers 92
4.7 Calibration Uncertainty 98
4.8 Traceability and Accuracy of Calibration Facilities 100
4.9 Chapter Conclusions 101
4.A Calibration and Flow Measurement Facilities 101
4.A.1 Introduction 101
4.A.2 Flow Metrology Developments 102
4.A.3 Multiphase Calibration Facilities 105
4.A.4 Gas Calibration Facilities 105
4.A.5 Gas Properties 108
4. A. 6 Case Study of a Water Flow Calibration Facility Which
Might Be Used in a Manufacturing Plant or a Research
Laboratory from the Author s Experience 108
4.A.7 Example of a Recent Large Water
Calibration Facility 113
5 Orifice Plate Meters 116
5.1 Introduction 116
5.2 Essential Background Equations 118
5.3 Design Details 121
5.4 Installation Constraints 124
5.5 Other Orifice Plates 128
5.6 Deflection of Orifice Plate at High Pressure 129
5.7 Effect of Pulsation 131
5.8 Effects of More than One Flow Component 136
5.9 Accuracy Under Normal Operation 139
5.10 Industrially Constructed Designs 141
5.11 Pressure Connections 142
5.12 Pressure Measurement 144
5.13 Temperature and Density Measurement 147
5.14 Flow Computers 148
5.15 Detailed Studies of Flow through the Orifice Plate, Both
Experimental and Computational 148
5.16 Application, Advantages and Disadvantages 150
5.17 Chapter Conclusions 151
5.A Orifice Discharge Coefficient Equation 152
5.A.1 Stolz Orifice Discharge Coefficient Equation as Given
in ISO 5167:1981 152
5.A.2 Orifice Discharge Coefficient Equation as set out
by Gallagher (1990) 153
5.A.3 Orifice Discharge Coefficient Equation as Given
in ISO 5167-2: 2003 154
Contents
5.B Review of Recent Published Research on Orifice Plates 156
5.B.1 Installation Effects on Orifice Plates 156
5.B.2 Pulsation 157
5.B.3 Contamination 157
5.B.4 Drain Holes 158
5.B.5 Flow Conditioning for Orifice Meters 158
5.B.6 Plate Thickness for Small-Diameter Orifice Plates 160
5.B.7 Variants on the Orifice Plate 160
5.B.8 Impulse Lines 160
5.B.9 Lagging Pipes 160
5.B.10 Gas Conditions 160
5.B.11 Emissions Testing Uncertainty 161
5.B.12 CFD Related to Orifice Plates 161
Venturi Meter and Standard Nozzles 163
6.1 Introduction 163
6.2 Essential Background Equations 165
6.3 Design Details 167
6.4 Commercially Available Devices 168
6.5 Installation Effects 168
6.6 Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages 170
6.7 Chapter Conclusions 171
6.A Research Update 172
6.A.1 Design and Installation 172
6.A.2 Meters in Nuclear Core Flows 173
6.A.3 Special Conditions 173
Critical Flow Venturi Nozzle 177
7.1 Introduction 177
7.2 Design Details of a Practical Flowmeter Installation 178
7.3 Practical Equations 181
7.4 Discharge Coefficient C 183
7.5 Critical Flow Function C, 185
7.6 Design Considerations 185
7.7 Measurement Uncertainty 187
7.8 Notes on the Calculation Procedure 188
7.9 Industrial and Other Experience 189
7.10 Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications 190
7.11 Chapter Conclusions 190
7. A Critical Flow Venturi Nozzle-Recent Published Work 190
Other Momentum-Sensing Meters 195
8.1 Introduction 195
8.2 Variable Area Meter 196
Contents xi
8.2.1 Operating Principle and Background 196
8.2.2 Design Variations 196
8.2.3 Remote Readout Methods 198
8.2.4 Design Features 199
8.2.5 Calibration and Sources of Error 200
8.2.6 Installation 201
8.2.7 Unsteady and Pulsating Flows 201
8.2.8 Industrial Types, Ranges and Performance 201
8.2.9 Manufacturing Variation 202
8.2.10 Computational Analysis of the Variable Area Flowmeter 203
8.2.11 Applications 203
8.3 Spring-Loaded Diaphragm (Variable Area) Meters 204
8.4 Target (Drag Plate) Meter 208
8.5 Integral Orifice Meters 209
8.6 Dall Tubes and Devices that Approximate to Venturis and Nozzles 209
8.7 Wedge Meter 212
8.8 V-Cone Meter (Cone Meter) 213
8.9 Differential Devices with a Flow Measurement Mechanism
in the Bypass 216
8.10 Slotted Orifice Plate 216
8.11 Pipework Features - Inlets and Pipe Lengths 217
8.12 Pipework Features - Bend or Elbow used as a Meter 218
8.13 Averaging Pitot 220
8.14 Laminar or Viscous Flowmeters 223
8.15 Chapter Conclusions 227
8.A History, Equations and Maximum Permissible Error
Limits for the VA Meter 228
8.A.1 Some History 228
8.A.2 Equations 229
8.A.3 Maximum Permissible Error Limits 232
9 Positive Displacement Flowmeters 234
9.1 Introduction 234
9.1.1 Background 234
9.1.2 Qualitative Description of Operation 235
9.2 Principal Designs of Liquid Meters 236
9.2.1 Nutating Disc Meter 236
9.2.2 Oscillating Circular Piston (Also Known as
Rotary Piston) Meter 237
9.2.3 Multirotor Meters 237
9.2.4 Oval Gear Meter 238
9.2.5 Sliding Vane Meters 240
9.2.6 Helical Rotor Meter 242
9.2.7 Reciprocating Piston Meters 243
rii Contents
9.2.8 Precision Gear (Spur Gear) Flowmeters 244
9.3 Calibration, Environmental Compensation and Other Factors
Relating to the Accuracy of Liquid Flowmeters 245
9.3.1 Calibration Systems 246
9.3.2 Clearances 249
9.3.3 Leakage Through the Clearance Gap Between Vane
and Wall 249
9.3.4 Slippage Tests 251
9.3.5 The Effects of Temperature and Pressure Changes 252
9.3.6 The Effects of Gas in Solution 252
9.4 Accuracy and Calibration 253
9.5 Principal Designs of Gas Meters 254
9.5.1 Wet Gas Meter 255
9.5.2 Diaphragm Meter 256
9.5.3 Rotary Positive Displacement Gas Meter 257
9.6 Positive Displacement Meters for Multiphase Flows 258
9.7 Meter Using Liquid Plugs to Measure Low Flows 261
9.8 Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages 261
9.9 Chapter Conclusions 262
9. A Basic Analysis and Recent Research 263
9.A.1 Theory for a Sliding Vane Meter 263
9. A. 1.1 Flowmeter Equation 264
9.A. 1.2 Expansion of the Flowmeter Due to Temperature 265
9.A.1.3 Pressure Effects 266
9.A.1.4 Meter Orientation 267
9.A.1.5 Analysis of Calibrators 268
9.A.1.6 Application of Equations to a Typical Meter 270
9.A.2 Recent Theoretical and Experimental Research 271
10 Turbine and Related Flowmeters 279
10.1 Introduction 279
10.1.1 Background 279
10.1.2 Qualitative Description of Operation 279
10.1.3 Basic Theory 280
10.2 Precision Liquid Meters 287
10.2.1 Principal Design Components 287
10.2.2 Dual Rotor Meters 288
10.2.3 Bearing Design Materials 288
10.2.4 Strainers 290
10.2.5 Materials 290
10.2.6 Size Ranges 290
10.2.7 Other Mechanical Design Features 291
10.2.8 Cavitation 291
10.2.9 Sensor Design and Performance 292
Contents xiii
10.2.10 Characteristics 293
10.2.11 Accuracy 294
10.2.12 Installation 295
10.2.13 Maintenance 297
10.2.14 Viscosity, Temperature and Pressure 298
10.2.15 Unsteady Flow 299
10.2.16 Multiphase Flow 300
10.2.17 Signal Processing 301
10.2.18 Applications 301
10.2.19 Advantages and Disadvantages 302
10.3 Precision Gas Meters 303
10.3.1 Principal Design Components 303
10.3.2 Bearing Design 303
10.3.3 Materials 303
10.3.4 Size Range 303
10.3.5 Accuracy 304
10.3.6 Installation 306
10.3.7 Sensing and Monitoring 308
10.3.8 Unsteady Flow 308
10.3.9 Applications 310
10.3.10 Advantages and Disadvantages 311
10.4 Water Meters 311
10.4.1 Principal Design Components 311
10.4.2 Bearing Design 312
10.4.3 Materials 312
10.4.4 Size Range 313
10.4.5 Sensing 313
10.4.6 Characteristics and Accuracy 313
10.4.7 Installation 313
10.4.8 Special Designs 314
10.5 Other Propeller and Turbine Meters 314
10.5.1 Quantum Dynamics Flowmeter 314
10.5.2 Pelton Wheel Flowmeters 314
10.5.3 Bearingless Flowmeter 314
10.5.4 Vane Type Flowmeters 315
10.6 Chapter Conclusions 316
10. A Turbine Flowmeter Theoretical and Experimental Research 317
10.A.1 Derivation of Turbine Flowmeter Torque Equations 317
10.A.2 Transient Analysis of Gas Turbine Flowmeter 322
10.A.3 Recent Developments 324
11 Vortex Shedding, Swirl and Fluidic Flowmeters 327
11.1 Introduction 327
11.2 Vortex Shedding 327
x,Xl Contents
11.3 Industrial Developments of Vortex-Shedding Flowmeters 329
11.3.1 Experimental Evidence of Performance 329
11.3.2 Bluff Body Shape 331
11.3.3 Standardisation of Bluff Body Shape 334
11.3.4 Sensing Options 334
11.3.5 Cross-Correlation and Signal Interrogation Methods 339
11.3.6 Other Aspects Relating to Design and Manufacture 339
11.3.7 Accuracy 340
11.3.8 Installation Effects 341
11.3.9 Effect of Pulsation and Pipeline Vibration 344
11.3.10 Two-Phase Flows 345
11.3.11 Size and Performance Ranges and Materials in
Industrial Designs 347
11.3.12 Computation of Flow Around Bluff Bodies 348
11.3.13 Applications, Advantages, and Disadvantages 349
11.3.14 Future Developments 350
11.4 Swirl Meter - Industrial Design 351
11.4.1 Design and Operation 351
11.4.2 Accuracy and Ranges 351
11.4.3 Installation Effects 352
11.4.4 Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages 352
11.5 Fluidic Flowmeter 352
11.5.1 Design 353
11.5.2 Accuracy 355
11.5.3 Installation Effects 355
11.5.4 Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages 355
11.6 Other Proposed Designs 355
11.7 Chapter Conclusions 356
1 LA Vortex Shedding Frequency 358
1 l.A.l Vortex Shedding from Cylinders 358
11.A.2 Order of Magnitude Calculation of
Shedding Frequency 358
12 Electromagnetic Flowmeters 362
12.1 Introduction 362
12.2 Operating Principle 362
12.3 Limitations of the Theory 364
12.4 Design Details 366
12.4.1 Sensor or Primary Element 366
12.4.2 Transmitter or Secondary Element 370
12.5 Calibration and Operation 373
12.6 Industrial and Other Designs 374
12.7 Installation Constraints - Environmental 377
12.7.1 Surrounding Pipe 377
12.7.2 Temperature and Pressure 378
Contents xv
12.8 Installation Constraints - Flow Profile Caused by Upstream
Pipework 379
12.8.1 Introduction 379
12.8.2 Theoretical Comparison of Meter Performance
Due to Upstream Flow Distortion 379
12.8.3 Experimental Comparison of Meter Performance
Due to Upstream Flow Distortion 380
12.8.4 Conclusions on Installation Requirements 381
12.9 Installation Constraints - Fluid Effects 382
12.9.1 Slurries 382
12.9.2 Change of Fluid 383
12.9.3 Non-Uniform Conductivity 383
12.10 Multiphase How 383
12.11 Accuracy Under Normal Operation 384
12.12 New Industrial Developments 385
12.13 Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages 387
12.13.1 Applications 387
12.13.2 Advantages 388
12.13.3 Disadvantages 389
12.14 Chapter Conclusions 389
12. A Brief Review of Theory, Other Applications and Recent Research 390
12.A.1 Introduction 390
12.A.2 Electric Potential Theory 392
12. A3 Development of the Weight Vector Theory 392
12.A.4 Rectilinear Weight Function 393
12.A.5 Axisymmetric Weight Function 394
12.A.6 Performance Prediction 395
12.A.7 Further Research 396
12.A.8 Verification 398
12.A.9 Application to Non-Conducting Dielectric Fluids 400
12.A.10 Electromagnetic Flowmeters Applied to Liquid Metals 403
13 Magnetic Resonance Flowmeters 408
13.1 Introduction and Some Early References 408
13.2 Developments in the Oil and Gas Industry 409
13.3 A Brief Introduction to the Physics 409
13.4 Outline of a Flowmeter Design 414
13.5 Chapter Conclusions 417
14 Ultrasonic Flowmeters 419
14.1 Introduction 419
14.2 Essential Background to Ultrasonics 420
14.3 Transit-Time Flowmeters 423
14.3.1 Transit-Time Flowmeters - Flowmeter Equation and
the Measurement of Sound Speed 423
xvi Contents
14.3.2 Effect of Flow Profile and Use of Multiple Paths 427
14.3.3 Transducers 432
14.3.4 Size Ranges and Limitations 437
14.3.5 Clamp-on Meters 437
14.3.6 Signal Processing and Transmission Timing 439
14.3.7 Reported Accuracy 442
14.3.7.1 Reported Accuracy - Spool Piece Meters 442
14.3.7.2 A Manufacturer s Accuracy Claims 443
14.3.7.3 Clamp-on Accuracy 444
14.3.8 Installation Effects 447
14.3.8.1 Effects of Distorted Profile by Upstream Fittings 447
14.3.8.2 Pipe Roughness and Deposits 453
14.3.8.3 Unsteady and Pulsating Flows 454
14.3.8.4 Multiphase Flows 454
14.3.8.5 Flow Straighteners and Conditioners 455
14.3.9 Other Experience of Transit-Time Meters 456
14.3.10 Experience with Liquid Meters 456
14.3.11 Gas Meter Developments 457
14.3.12 Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages
of the Transit-Time and Related Designs 463
14.4 Doppler Flowmeter 466
14.4.1 Simple Explanation of Operation 466
14.4.2 Operational Information for the Doppler Flowmeter 468
14.4.3 Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages for
the Doppler Flowmeter 468
14.5 Correlation Flowmeter 469
14.5.1 Operation of the Correlation Flowmeter 469
14.5.2 Installation Effects for the Correlation Flowmeter 470
14.5.3 Other Published Work on the Correlation Flowmeter 471
14.5.4 Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages for
the Correlation Flowmeter 472
14.6 Other Ultrasonic Applications 472
14.7 Conclusions on Ultrasonic Flowmeters 473
14.A Mathematical Methods and Further Research Relating to
Ultrasonic Flowmeters 474
14.A.1 Simple Path Theory 474
14.A.2 Use of Multiple Paths to Integrate Flow Profile 477
14.A.3 Weight Vector Analysis 478
14.A.4 Development of Modelling of the Flowmeter 479
14.A.5 Doppler Theory and Developments 482
15 Acoustic and Sonar Flowmeters 484
15.1 Introduction 484
15.2 SONARtrac® Flowmeter 484
Contents xvii
15.2.1 Basic Explanation of How the Passive Sonar
Flowmeter Works 484
15.2.2 A Note on Turbulent Eddies and Transition to
Laminar Flow in the Pipe 485
15.2.3 Flow Velocity Measurement 485
15.2.4 Speed of Sound and Gas Void Fraction (Entrained
Air Bubbles) Measurement 486
15.2.5 Localised Velocity Measurements 487
15.2.6 The Convective Ridge 487
15.2.7 Calibration 489
15.2.8 Sound Speed Used to Obtain Fluid Parameters 490
15.2.9 Additional Sensors 491
15.2.10 Clamp-on System 491
15.2.11 Liquid, Gas and Multicomponent Operation 492
15.2.12 Size Range and Flow Range 493
15.2.13 Signal Handling 493
15.2.14 Accuracy Claims 494
15.2.15 Installation Effects 494
15.2.16 Published Information 496
15.2.17 Applications 496
15.3 ActiveSONAR™ Flowmeter 496
15.3.1 Single and Multiphase Flows 497
15.3.2 Brief Summary of Meter Range, Size etc. 497
15.4 Other Related Methods Using Noise Emissions 498
15.5 Chapter Conclusions 500
16 Mass Flow Measurement Using Multiple Sensors for
Single-Phase Flows 501
16.1 Introduction 501
16.2 Multiple Differential Pressure Meters 502
16.2.1 Hydraulic Wheatstone Bridge Method 504
16.2.2 Theory of Operation 504
16.2.3 Industrial Experience 505
16.2.4 Applications 505
16.3 Multiple Sensor Methods 506
16.4 Chapter Conclusions 507
17 Multiphase Flowmeters 508
17.1 Introduction 508
17.2 Multiphase and Multi-Component Flows 509
17.3 Two-Phase/Component Flow Measurements 509
17.3.1 Liquid/Liquid Flows and Water-Cut Measurement 510
17.3.2 Entrained Solid in Fluid Flows 510
17.3.3 Metering Wet-Gas 511
xviii Contents
HA Multiphase Flowmeters 514
17.4.1 Categorisation of Multiphase Flowmeters 514
17.4.2 Multiphase Flowmeters (MPFMs) for Oil Production 515
17.4.3 Developments and References Since the Late 1990s 519
17.5 Accuracy 527
17.6 Chapter Conclusions 528
18 Thermal Flowmeters 530
18.1 Introduction 530
18.2 Capillary Thermal Mass Flowmeter - Gases 530
18.2.1 Description of Operation 531
18.2.2 Operating Ranges and Materials for Industrial Designs 534
18.2.3 Accuracy 535
18.2.4 Response Time 535
18.2.5 Installation 535
18.2.6 Applications 536
18.3 Calibration of Very Low Flow Rates 536
18.4 Thermal Mass Flowmeter - Liquids 537
18.4.1 Operation 537
18.4.2 Typical Operating Ranges and Materials for
Industrial Designs 538
18.4.3 Installation 538
18.4.4 Applications 538
18.5 Insertion and In-Line Thermal Mass Flowmeters 538
18.5.1 Insertion Thermal Mass Flowmeter 540
18.5.2 In-Line Thermal Mass Flowmeter 541
18.5.3 Range and Accuracy 542
18.5.4 Materials 542
18.5.5 Installation 542
18.5.6 Applications 543
18.6 Chapter Conclusions 544
18.A Mathematical Background to the Thermal Mass
Flowmeters 545
18.A.1 Dimensional Analysis Applied to Heat Transfer 545
18.A.2 Basic Theory of ITMFs 546
18.A.3 General Vector Equation 548
18.A.4 Hastings Flowmeter Theory 549
18.A.5 Weight Vector Theory for Thermal Flowmeters 551
18.A.6 Other Recently Published Work 552
19 Angular Momentum Devices 553
19.1 Introduction 553
19.2 The Fuel Flow Transmitter 554
19.2.1 Qualitative Description of Operation 554
19.2.2 Simple Theory 557
Contents xix
19.2.3 Calibration Adjustment 558
19.2.4 Meter Performance and Range 558
19.2.5 Application 559
19.3 Chapter Conclusions 559
20 Coriolis Flowmeters 560
20.1 Introduction 560
20.1.1 Background 560
20.1.2 Qualitative Description of Operation 563
20.1.3 Experimental and Theoretical Investigations 564
20.1.4 Shell-Type Coriolis Flowmeter 566
20.2 Industrial Designs 566
20.2.1 Principal Design Components 569
20.2.2 Materials 572
20.2.3 Installation Constraints 574
20.2.4 Vibration Sensitivity 576
20.2.5 Size and Flow Ranges 577
20.2.6 Density Range and Accuracy 578
20.2.7 Pressure Loss 578
20.2.8 Response Time 579
20.2.9 Zero Drift 580
20.3 Accuracy Under Normal Operation 581
20.4 Published Information on Performance 582
20.4.1 Early Industrial Experience 583
20.4.2 Gas-Liquid 583
20.4.3 Sand in Water (Dominick et al. 1987) 584
20.4.4 Pulverised Coal in Nitrogen (Baucom 1979) 584
20.4.5 Water-in-Oil Measurement 584
20.4.6 Two- and Three-Component Flows 585
20.5 Calibration 585
20.6 Applications, Advantages, Disadvantages, Cost Considerations 587
20.6.1 Applications 587
20.6.2 Advantages 589
20.6.3 Disadvantages 590
20.6.4 Cost Considerations 591
20.7 Chapter Conclusions 591
20.A Notes on the Theory of Coriolis Meters 593
20. A. 1 Simple Theory 593
20.A.2 Note on Hemp s Weight Vector Theory 595
20.A.3 Theoretical Developments 597
20.A.4 Coriolis Flowmeter Reviews 601
21 Probes for Local Velocity Measurement in Liquids and Gases 603
21.1 Introduction 603
21.2 Differential Pressure Probes - Pitot Probes 604
xx Contents
21.3 Differential Pressure Probes - Pitot-Venturi Probes 607
21.4 Insertion Target Meter 608
21.5 Insertion Turbine Meter 609
21.5.1 General Description of Industrial Design 609
21.5.2 Flow-Induced Oscillation and Pulsating Flow 611
21.5.3 Applications 612
21.6 Insertion Vortex Probes 612
21.7 Insertion Electromagnetic Probes 614
21.8 Insertion Ultrasonic Probes 615
21.9 Thermal Probes 616
21.10 Chapter Conclusions 616
22 Verification and In Situ Methods for Checking Calibration 617
22.1 Introduction 617
22.2 Verification 617
22.3 Non-Invasive, Non-Intrusive and Clamp-On Flowmeter
Alternatives 620
22.3.1 Use of Existing Pipe Work 620
22.3.2 Other Effects: Neural Networks, Tracers,
Cross-Correlation 622
22.3.3 Other Flowmeter Types in Current Use 622
22.4 Probes and Tracers 623
22.5 Microwaves 624
22.6 Chapter Conclusions 624
23 Remote Data Access Systems 625
23.1 Introduction 625
23.2 Types of Device - Simple and Intelligent 626
23.3 Simple Signal Types 627
23.4 Intelligent Signals 629
23.5 Selection of Signal Type 630
23.6 Communication Systems 630
23.7 Remote Access 630
23.8 Future Implications 631
24 Final Considerations 633
24.1 Is there an Opportunity to Develop New Designs in
Collaboration with the Science Base? 633
24.2 Is Manufacture of High Enough Quality? 633
24.3 Does the Company s Business Fall within ISO 9000 and/or
ISO 17025? 636
24.4 What are the New Flow Measurement Challenges? 637
24.5 What Developments Should We Expect in
Micro-Engineering Devices? 638
Contents xxi
24.6 Which Techniques for Existing and New Flow Metering
Concepts Should Aid Developments? 639
24.7 Closing Remarks 641
References 643
Main Index 735
Flowmeter Index 739
Flowmeter Application Index 743
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Baker, Roger Clive 1947- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1099468345 |
| author_facet | Baker, Roger Clive 1947- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043347169 |
| classification_rvk | UF 4000 ZQ 3750 ZQ 3760 |
| contents | Includes bibliographical references and index Fluid mechanics essentials -- Specification, selection and audit -- Calibration -- Orifice plate meters -- Venturi meter and standard nozzles -- Critical flow Venturi nozzle -- Other momentum-sensing meters -- Positive displacement flowmeters -- Turbine and related flowmeters -- Vortex shedding, swirl and fluidic flowmeters -- Electromagnetic flowmeters -- Magnetic resonance flowmeters -- Ultrasonic flowmeters -- Acoustic and sonar flow methods -- Mass flow measurement using multiple sensors for single-phase flows 6,044 -- Multiphase flowmeters -- Thermal flowmeters -- Angular momentum devices -- Coriolis flowmeters -- Probes for local velocity measurement in liquids and gases -- Verification and in situ methods for checking calibration -- Remote data access systems -- Final considerations |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)957729162 (DE-599)BVBBV043347169 |
| discipline | Physik Mess-/Steuerungs-/Regelungs-/Automatisierungstechnik / Mechatronik |
| edition | Second edition |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV043347169 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-24T04:52:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781107045866 110704586X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028766741 |
| oclc_num | 957729162 |
| open_access_boolean | |
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| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-29T DE-573 DE-1050 DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-83 |
| physical | xlvi, 745 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Baker, Roger Clive 1947- Flow measurement handbook industrial designs, operating principles, performance, and applications Includes bibliographical references and index Fluid mechanics essentials -- Specification, selection and audit -- Calibration -- Orifice plate meters -- Venturi meter and standard nozzles -- Critical flow Venturi nozzle -- Other momentum-sensing meters -- Positive displacement flowmeters -- Turbine and related flowmeters -- Vortex shedding, swirl and fluidic flowmeters -- Electromagnetic flowmeters -- Magnetic resonance flowmeters -- Ultrasonic flowmeters -- Acoustic and sonar flow methods -- Mass flow measurement using multiple sensors for single-phase flows 6,044 -- Multiphase flowmeters -- Thermal flowmeters -- Angular momentum devices -- Coriolis flowmeters -- Probes for local velocity measurement in liquids and gases -- Verification and in situ methods for checking calibration -- Remote data access systems -- Final considerations Flow meters / Handbooks, manuals, etc Flow meters / Design and construction / Handbooks, manuals, etc Fluid dynamic measurements / Handbooks, manuals, etc Flow meters fast Flow meters / Design and construction fast Fluid dynamic measurements fast Strömungsmechanik (DE-588)4077970-1 gnd Strömungsmesstechnik (DE-588)4129610-2 gnd Durchflussmessung (DE-588)4013344-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4077970-1 (DE-588)4129610-2 (DE-588)4013344-8 |
| title | Flow measurement handbook industrial designs, operating principles, performance, and applications |
| title_auth | Flow measurement handbook industrial designs, operating principles, performance, and applications |
| title_exact_search | Flow measurement handbook industrial designs, operating principles, performance, and applications |
| title_full | Flow measurement handbook industrial designs, operating principles, performance, and applications Roger C. Baker |
| title_fullStr | Flow measurement handbook industrial designs, operating principles, performance, and applications Roger C. Baker |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flow measurement handbook industrial designs, operating principles, performance, and applications Roger C. Baker |
| title_short | Flow measurement handbook |
| title_sort | flow measurement handbook industrial designs operating principles performance and applications |
| title_sub | industrial designs, operating principles, performance, and applications |
| topic | Flow meters / Handbooks, manuals, etc Flow meters / Design and construction / Handbooks, manuals, etc Fluid dynamic measurements / Handbooks, manuals, etc Flow meters fast Flow meters / Design and construction fast Fluid dynamic measurements fast Strömungsmechanik (DE-588)4077970-1 gnd Strömungsmesstechnik (DE-588)4129610-2 gnd Durchflussmessung (DE-588)4013344-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Flow meters / Handbooks, manuals, etc Flow meters / Design and construction / Handbooks, manuals, etc Fluid dynamic measurements / Handbooks, manuals, etc Flow meters Flow meters / Design and construction Fluid dynamic measurements Strömungsmechanik Strömungsmesstechnik Durchflussmessung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028766741&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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