Válečný chirurg František Burian a zrození české plastické chirurgie

Válečný chirurg František Burian a zrození české plastické chirurgie

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser: Smrčka, Václav 1951- (VerfasserIn), Mádlová, Vlasta 1977- (VerfasserIn)
Format: Buch
Sprache:Czech
Veröffentlicht: Praha Univerzita Karlova, nakladatelství Karolinum 2015
Ausgabe:1. vyd.
Schlagworte:
Burian, František > 1881-1965
Geschichte 1900-1918
Chirurgie
Böhmische Länder
Briefsammlung
Biografie
Online-Zugang:Inhaltsverzeichnis
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text OBSAH Predmluva is Podekování 17 Cást I. Zivot Frantiska Buriana do roku 1915 19 1. Pfedválecná léta 21 Mládí na Kampe 21 Malostranské gymnázium 23 Zivot studenta na konci 19. století 24 Porucha sluchu 31 Plastické operace na Kukulovë klinice 32 Pocátky plastickÿch operací v ceské literature 38 2. 19x2-1913: Balkánské války 40 První válecné zkusenosti 40 Tobiáskova mise do Bëlehradu 49 Ranení nejsou neprátelé 52 Pracovní den v Bëlehradu 53 Prineezna Jelena v nemocnici 55 Evakuace ranënÿch v balkánské válce 56 Str elná pusková poranení 59 Vedoucím ceské chirurgické skupiny v Sofii 66 Zemetfesení v Bulharsku a návrat domú 75 3. 1914-1915: První roky války v Praze 85 Soukromá praxe v Praze 85 Vídeñ 1914 86 Polní nemocnice 90 Zálozní nemocnice c. 2 v Praze 92 Zivot v zázemí a ohlasy fronty 1914-1915 94 * 4 Cást n. Vojenskym lékarem v Temesváru (1916-1918) 101 4. Rok 1916 102 Kvëten 1916 102 Vychodní fronta: Brusilovova ofenziva 103 Transporty z Bukoviny a védecká práce za války ios Práce v posádkové nemocnici 106 Odborná schúze lio Starosti s personálem 111 Temesvár za války 114 Konzilium v Buriási 118 Boj proti sténicím, blechám a necistoté 122 Nároky na vlastní práci 124 Financní starosti 126 Rozsírení oddélení a pracovní den 127 Nestéstí Zeppelinu 129 Zostrení cenzury 130 „Nová válka na balkánské fronte 131 Zamítnuté jmenování 132 Ceská spolecnost v Temesváru 135 Psychoterapie 137 Zásilky domu a oslava svátku za války 138 Vecere u vojenského úcetního rady 139 Nemocny kurát a dalsí Zeppelin 140 Posílení svalstva pred operací kyly 143 Vse se chystá na znicení Rumunska 144 Ve Vídní prohlízejí domácnosti 146 Neohláseny vlak 147 Srázka vlakü iso Smutné je nase povolání 151 Dárky od détí 151 Déti, modlete se 154 Sentimentální myslenky 155 Prípravy na dovolenou 156 Vídeñ 1916 158 Zivot v zázemí v roce 1916 16O Rekvizice íói 5 5. Rok 1917 165 Návrat po dovolené 165 Sebeposkozenci 165 Vyména muzského personálu za osetrovatelky 169 Nynéjsí doba je neskutecná 171 Pf ednáska o plastickych operacích na lebce a krytí amputacních pahylú 174 Konziliárním chirurgem 175 Nejsou pomyje pro nemocnicní prasata 176 Omezení zeleznicní dopravy 176 177 Sebevrazda Osetr ovatelky v nemocnici 179 Milion némeckych rekrutu má prijít do Uher 182 Jako jedu je treba varovat se tlous y 182 Podvody pri odvodech a série sebevrazd düstojníku 183 Trh v Temesváru a místní poméry 184 Starosti dústojníkú 185 Spolecnost v kasinu 185 Déti doma 186 Sen jara 186 Touha po domové 187 Povolení nosení bulharskych rádu 188 Hlad po zánétu zaludku 189 Abscesy po injekcích oleje 189 Opét na veceri u úcetního rady 190 Uniforma 191 Zármutek pro spatnou diagnózu 193 Mrhání materiálem 195 Nové spousty operativních prípadú 195 Rehabilitacní cvicení a masáze u pacientü 196 Predpisy 197 Jízdy na koni 198 Novy nos 199 Záruka zdraví 202 Vzpomínky na svatební dny 204 P? ednáska o nádorech mozku 206 Návstéva v Bilbedu 206 Komise ministerstva války 207 Ceská spolecnost a zensky personál v nemocnici 211 Reakce na prednásku o tumorech 212 Stávka zeleznicních délníku 212 Návrat z dovolené 214 Pracovní den s cekáním na mír 216 Názor na spisovatele 217 Oslava svátku Anny 219 Vztah k Cechüm v Temesváru 220 Letní vedra 221 Horko a zápach ran 222 Smrt po mimodélozním tehotenství 223 Ucení se fecem 224 Osudovy dopis 225 Péce o telo a dusi 226 Oddélení pro nevylécitelné pfípady 227 Je cím dále tím nebezpecnéji 228 Transport za transportem 231 Veliky dopis 233 Díte se záskrtem 234 Kdyz rádí smrt 235 Boj proti umírání 236 Proviant z Temesváru 236 Princip zivota v nynéjsí tezké dobé 239 Co zlepsit v péci o sepse 240 Rozkaz k vyprázdnéní nemocnice 240 Ráno v sedle 241 Züstávají jen rozedfené ruce na práci 242 Konec malych balícku 243 Operacní program 244 Pozdní babí léto v Temesváru 244 Dalsí prednáska ve spolku 245 Bitva u Caporetta 246 S nástroji se nedá operovat 247 Brzo nebude obvazovy materiál 249 Akutní zánet kostí u sedmileté holcicky 250 Nadéje na mir 251 Systematické cvicení u tortikolis 252 Zivot v zázemí ve druhé poloviné roku 1917 254 Nové rekvizice 255 Fronta na chleba 255 Ceské srdce 256 Nepokoje 257 6 6. Rok 1918 - poslední rok války a cekání na mir 258 Leden 258 Nemocnicní zápach 258 Zivot v Praze 259 Presila práce v garnizonní nemocnici 260 Koñsky transport na západní frontu 260 Z italské fronty vozí zmrzacené a mladí se chtéjí bavít 261 Uz musí byt brzo mir 263 Nepokoje a stávky v Plzni a Kladné 263 Obava o rodinu v Praze 265 Manifestacní prüvod na Václavském náméstí 266 Generální stávka v Temesváru 266 Dávky j sou j en ctvrt kila mouky na tyden 267 Shluky lidí v Praze vytloukají krámy 268 Usetrit se zklamání 269 Koncert 269 V zasnézenych kopcích byly díry od granátú 7.70 Bazar a kabaret v Temesváru 271 Sluzky a jejich platy za války 272 Únor 273 Nouze o maso 273 Strach se vznásí ve vzduchu 273 Deklarace propusténa cenzurou 275 Chodí stále nové a ostrejsí rozkazy 275 Prazské vsední dny za války 277 Uoperovaná do znicení 278 Starosti bézné v prazské domácnosti 279 Problémy s nástroji 281 Cekání na dopis a vyhlízení jara 282 Koncert za války 283 Bezpríkladná námaha dochází uznání 283 Válecná farma proviantíáka Emila Porse 284 Úctování domácnosti v Praze za rok 1917 288 I v Temesváru jsou Burianové 289 Dobry dojem müze mylit 290 To není zádny mír a nebude 291 Generál na komisi v Segedíné mluvil s uznáním o Frantiskovi 292 Zákaz zvysování nájemného do 2000 korun 293 Misto mouky oves 294 Studeny vítr 295 Dustojnická schúze 296 Za láhev mléka sméní staré saty 298 Oslava Romanovych ctvrtych narozenin 299 Problémy vzdáleného dopisování za války 301 Zádali o uhlí, ale odkázali je na chlebovou komisi 301 Za pul kila másla saty, za saty slámu 301 Sedlák vojákem 303 Jídlo na tyden jako korení 304 Bíezen 305 Hrozné - jíst oves jako koné 305 Déti si hrají i za války 307 V Praze se vydává 10 dkg masa na osobu, oves misto mouky a kukuricny chléb 307 Do Temesváru príslo jaro 308 Prípravy na kongres v Berlíné 309 Zlost nad vykradenym kufrem 310 Spatné nástroje 313 Pokracování príprav na kongres v Berlíné 314 Jen dr. Burian v Temesváru muze nemocného zachránit 316 Mimodélozní téhotenství 316 Komentár k mimodéloznímu téhotenství 318 Ñeco veselého je treba vyhledávat v teto dobé 319 Vykrádání zásilek 320 Odejdou stareckové a my budeme litovat 321 Ofenziva na západé 322 Duben 323 Manzelská potycka 323 Nebudeme uz o tom mluvit 325 Styskání 325 Strázníci na koních bránili shromázdéní na Václavském náméstí 326 Zmény v Temesváru a generální stávka v celych Uhrách 328 Plastika kolena a starosti s personálem v nemocnici 330 Rakousko-uherská továrna na vojáky 332 Slecna je zlodéjka 343 Belsan tvrdil, ze Burian je jeho perla 344 Zádost nové slecny 346 Oslava vyrocí svatebního dne 347 Kvéten 348 Oslava prvního máje 348 Posty mají zakázáno od vojákü prijímat balíky 350 Chystá se ostrá perzekuce 350 Cerny kasel 352 Slavnostní dny zacaly 354 Tragédie ztráty sluchu, kterou denné prozívám 357 Odloucenému clovéku jsou dopisy vsím 357 Konec procesu 358 Národní listy byly zastaveny 359 Vylet za Prahu za války 361 Ve spízi proviantu ubyvá 362 Mamicka je smutná, od tatícka neprislo tri dny psaní 364 Herkulovy lázné 365 Divadlo za války 369 Praha za války 370 Nebudes-li studovat, klesnes na pouhou porodní bábu 371 Zprávy z Kyjeva a od Azovskáho mofe 372 Doba je málo vhodná k oslavám 373 Cerven 374 Zruseny obéd 374 Varí mizernë, mám strevní obtíze 375 S nemocnym jede proviant 376 Den plastickÿch operací 377 Tëzké dny 378 Dovolená na válecnou pujcku 379 Pila bod po bodu trhá cas 379 Rakouská ofenziva na Piavë 382 Transporty près íooo ranënÿch 382 Utisení po velkÿch transportech 385 Samé granátové rány a sepse v transportech 386 Na fronte 386 Cekání na dopis je ve válce psychózou 390 Cervenec 391 Rumuni a Srbové si stríkají pod kûzi moc a vodu z hnojnice 391 Stále plavu v hnisu 392 Pozehnaná nedele 394 Kdo je vlastizrádce? 394 Zdvojenÿ lalok na defekt brady 395 Transport z posledních bojú na Piavë 397 Operace se musí skládat bod za bodem 398 Na Ukrajinë je mor 399 Lidé tu trpí, cásti tëla se jim v ohavné hnilobë zaziva rozpadají 399 Zrízenci potravní danë provedli loupez 40i Vyprázdnit nemocnici je Sisyfova práce 402 Problémy s mozkovymi abscesy 404 Srpen 404 Rozsírení krkavice jako holubí vejce 404 Zárí 406 Sedím u smutného stolu a ve smutné svëtnici 406 Podvody pri vÿvozu potravin 407 Mouka z Ukrajiny 408 Zhroucení balkánské fronty 408 Ríjen 411 Odjezd Madarû z Prahy 411 Pneumonie v zajateckém tábore 412 Ne j is to ta 413 Mrazivé konzilium v Új Pécsi 414 Rozsírení pneumonie v zajateckém tábore v Temesváru 419 Epidemie spanëlské chfipky v Praze 419 V kocáre s ohnivymí orí 421 V Praze nestací pohrbívat 422 Spanelská chfipka v Temesváru 423 424 Epidemie nebere konce Generâlni stâvka a vojsko v Praze. Obel: svého povolani 425 Bosenské vojsko prÿ odjizdi 427 „Malé pfipady“ zenské lékarky za vâlky 428 Na Wilsonovë odpovëdi Rakousku zavisi nas osud 429 Zâkaz dovolenÿch a sluzebnich cest do Cech 430 Zenskÿ telocvik za valky v Praze 431 Epidemie se zmensuje 432 Cekani na transport v Temesvâru 433 Prst prisity u ditete dr. Lankasovou-Burianovou v Praze 433 Ocekâvâ se vÿmëna vojska Cechü za Mad ary 436 Lide stale v Praze umiraji na chfipku 437 Na Vâclavském nâmësti se zpivâ, f ecni, na monarchy se dëlaji kruté vtipy 438 Vlaky jezdi nalozené nejdivocejsimi vëcmi 440 Prazskÿ prevrat 441 Den velikÿch slavnosti - Praha 28.10.1918 442 Krvavé demonstrace v Uhrâch 443 Praha 29.-30. fijna 445 Tvorba nârodnich rad v Temesvâru 447 Skupiny ozbrojenÿch dezertérû loupi v okoll Temesvâru 448 Listopad 449 Ceskÿ vÿbor pripravuje transport do Cech 449 Konec vâlky a rozklad monarchii stredni a vÿchodni Evropy 450 * 7 8 9 Cást III. Poválecné rekonstrukce vâlecnÿch veterânû (1918-1924) 453 7. Stanice plastické chirurgie ve vojenské zálozní nemocnici c. 8 v Praze na Hradcanech 454 8. Propustení z armády a pochod pacientu do parlamentu 458 9. Ohlédnuti za prvni svëtovou válkou a za válkami vûbec 460 Rakousko-uherskâ armâda 460 Cestí vojàci v prvni svëtové vâlce 460 Zdokonaleni zbrani 461 Lécebnâ cinnost v prûbëhu 1. svëtové vâlky 461 Transport ranënÿch 463 Typy traumat 465 Lékari a zdravotnickÿ materiál v roce 1918 466 Vÿziva armâdy 1918 466 Stanice plastické chirurgie 467 Burianova pravidla osetrování válecnych poranéní 469 Postizení populace v dlouhodobé válce 473 Summary 475 Bibliografie 485 Literatura 503 Seznam vyobrazení 508 Prüoha I: Zivotopis Frantiska Buriana v datech 511 Prüoha II: Burianovy chorobopisy z balkánskych válek a první svétová války 513 Prüoha III: Slovnícek lékar skych pojmú 587 Prüoha IV: Obrazová prüoha 593 Jmenny rejstrüc 599 JMENNY REJSTRÍK Albert, Bohuslav 46,48 Bach, Vaclav 49 von Below, Otto 246 Benda, Jaroslav 23 Benes, Josef 303 Bezruc, Petr 163 Boucek, Bohuslav 47 Brusilov, Alexej 103 Breskÿ, Edvard 61 Bukovsky, Stanislav 61 Cisaï, Karel 23 Convers, Marquis 482, 510 Cernickÿ, Ladislav 44 Cernÿ, Vratislav 42,46,77 Dieffenbach, Johann F. 38 Divis, Jiri 90,91 Dyk, Viktor 163 d’Espéry, Franchet 408 Evzen (arcivévoda) 86-87 Filatov, Vladimir P. 457,469, 472 Frantisek Josef L 97,160 Gillies, Harold 471-472,482, 484 Haering, Vladimir 46,48, 481, 510 Heveroch, Antonín 345 von Hindenburg, Paul 88 Hlava, Jaroslav 29,144, 293, 475 Honl, Ivan 29,473,510 Honzâk, Bedrich 44 Hrdlicka, Karel 44-45, 53 Hruby, Josef 67 von Huntier, Oskar 246 Janosik, Jan 28-29 Janu, Milan 49, 51, 54,360 Jedlicka, Rudolf 30,40,46, 48-49, 53,90, 292, 330, 481 Jesensky, Jan 38,319,468 Jirásek, Alois 180,356 Jirásek, Arnold 32,61, 65-66, 76,90 Kacer, Otakar 23 Kafka, Václav 44 Karfík, Václav 468,511 Kasogledov 66 Klika, Cenék 61,308,314 Klofác, Václav 46,425 Kose, Otakar 46, 53, 55 Kostecka, Frantisek 470 Kostlivy, Stanislav 89, 90 Kramár, Karel 98,164, 265, 356 Krejci, Karel 23 Kuffner, Karel 30 Kukula, Otakar 30-35,43,76, 133,302,347,348,350,369, 475,476, 510 von Laudon, Ernst Gideon 443 Levit, Jan 472 von Lisingen, Alexander 103 Machar, Josef Svatopluk 163 Masaryk, Tomás Garrigue 48 Maydl, Karel 34-35,45,475 Merhaut, Kvétoslav 63, 68 Méstecky, Jan 44 Mikenda, Vojtéch 43-44 Morävek, Antonín 40-41, 47, 90,302 Myslivecek, Zdenek 73 Niederle, Bohuslav 44, 90 Nikita (cernohorsky kral) 191 Noväk, Josef Vratislav 47, 82 Pawlik, Karel 44 Pazdernik, Josef 90,158 Peskovä, Helena 31 Petfivalsky, Julius 32,34-37, 90,344-345, 353, 355, 3^4 Pilät, R. 164 Podhajsky, Vincenc 39 Podrabsky, Karel 98 Polak, Otto 53, 57 Pors, Emil 285-287 Potiorek, Oskar 87 Preiss, Jaroslav 164 Pfecechtel, Antonín 44, 61 Putnik, Radomir 42, 87 Rambousek, Josef 57 Rasin, Alois 164 Reverden, Jacques Louis 34 Rohäc, Cenek 44 Rohon, Josef Viktor 28-29 Rubeska, Vaclav 44-45,292 Rychlik, Emanuel 40-41,47, 57,61, 64, 68, 82, 90,360 Schloffer, Hermann 35 Schneider, Josef 42 Schrutz, Ondfej 29 Slavinger, Frantisek 66-67, 76 Spilka, Antonín 73 Svobodovä, Rüzena 137, 256 Samberger, Frantisek 292, 310,327,381 SUMMARY In the Czech Republic, plastic surgery is inseparably related to the name of its initiator and founder, Frantisek (Francis) Burian, who not only laid the foundations of this branch in Czechoslovakia, but also influenced many con- temporary plastic surgeons. Burian spent six years as a military surgeon in the Balkan wars and in World War I. Up until World War I, only separate plas- tic operations by excellent surgeons were mentioned. The experience gained from the First World War led to an undreamed - of development in plastic surgery and to the need for specialisation. It was during the First World War that European plastic surgery was formed as a special branch. Burian probab- ly opened the first department of plastic surgery in the world at the Jedlic- ka Institute in 1927. In 1932, after operating for five years, the department of plastic surgery at the Jedlicka Institute was granted the status of a separate clinic. Frantisek Burian was born on September 17, 1881 in the Lesser Town, Prague, in the family of Frantisek Burian, who was a butler for the Nos- tics family. After finishing his grammar-school studies in 1900, he enrolled in the Medical faculty of Prague University. From thefourth year he start- ed working as a demonstrator for the Institute of Medical Pathologic Anat- omy with pathologist and pioneer of Czech bacteriology, Prof. Jaroslav Hla- va (1855-1924), in the bacteriological laboratory of assistant professor, later associate professor, Ivan Honl (1866-1936). Burian continued his demonstra- tor work at the Hlava Institute for a short time after his graduation until Octo- ber 1,1906, when he became an instructor. In this function he was especially engaged in experimental pathology. At the medical faculty he also made the acquaintance of fellow student Ann Lankash, one of the first women doctors graduated at Prague University. They were married in 1910. In 1908, Burian transferred to the 1st surgical clinic of professor Otakar Kukula (1867-1925), one of the founders of Czech surgery and a specialist in urology and abdominal surgery. At the surgical clinic he initially worked in the function of demonstrator and, later on, as an instructor without salary. As he wrote in the introduction of his book Plastic Surgery, it was precisely at this clinic where he met plastic operations for the first time.661 661 F. Burian: Letters from abroad. Information of Czech doctors from the battlefields in the Balkans. Letter No. II. Belgrade October 2,1912 (November 5,1912). Magazine of Czech Doctors 51, p. 1409-1410. 476 SUMMARY The first Balkan war broke out in 1912. Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Greece on one side were fighting against Turkey on the other side. From the initiative of the Slavonic Club, the Czechs began organizing fund-rais- ing drives aimed at financing humanitarian relief for Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro in the form of medical expeditions. More than 120 Czech doc- tors took part in this humanitarian project. Five medical expeditions with 13 carriages of medical material were carried out in total.662 The Czech relief action was headed by Prof. Otakar Kukula. Kukula was a disciple of doctor Charles Maydl (1853-1903), who was founder of Czech surgery, a pioneer of new directions in anaesthesiology, and was a military surgeon during the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878) and during the Serbia-Bulgaria wars (1885-1886), had experience with military health service. Burian left for the Balkan war on October 28,1912 as an assistant of the expedition of assistant professor Stanislav Tobiasek (1874-1931), founder of Czech orthopaedics. Tobiasek established a large hospital in Belgrade within the rooms of the Military Academy. At the same time, he had at his disposal a brand new private surgical sanatorium adjacent to the Academy. Burian described his experience from the first week in Belgrade, printed by the Maga- zine of Czech Doctors, as follows: “I arrived with the expedition of assistant professor Tobiasek on the night of October 29. However, how surprised we were the next day when we took over our hospital. It was a military hospital in the emptly military academy with about 400 wounded soldiers in large wards. It’s true that the sanatorium situated on the other side of the street is nice and modern but there are minor instruments in it... A large majority, probably 90 percent, of our wounded soldiers have injuries. Bullet wounds caused by small-calibre rifles penetrating through the soft tissues. Their healing is ideal, thanks to the excellent treatment given to the wounded soldiers in the battlefield. The area around the wound is always shaved and the wound itself covered with an aseptic dressing. Only in a few cases there was suppuration and phlegmons needing operative treatment. Though prohibited, many wounded soldiers show their wounds to their rela- tives who were visiting. The wounds inflicted by Arnaut rifles of large calibre, whose projectiles made of soft lead get deformed and tear the tissue exten- sively, have a much more serious character. Especially in the place where the bullet leaves the body, a whole mass is torn out so that the outlet has forms a wide crater. A finger, completely torn away by such a bullet, is common. Many of these injuries occur on the elbow of the left hand. The wounded explain this by saying that the injury occurred during shooting in a covered position when only the left-hand elbow remained uncovered and became 662 M. Paulovä: Balkan Wars 1912-1913 and the Czech people. Publishing house of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Discussions of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Prague 1963. SUMMARY 477 a target of the excellently shooting Arnauts. Wounds caused by shrapnel and handgrenades occur less since their victims mostly die on the spot or shortly after the injury.”663 The Serbian army had a relatively well-organised first aid system. Ihe battlefield was more than 500 km from Belgrade, hence the difficult transport of the wounded was problem. After getting first-aid dressing, the wounded were put on small carts pulled to oxen and then they were transported for two or three days to the nearest railway station. There, the wounded were trans- ferred to railway carriages, which were sometimes adapted, but sometimes not, to the needs of the wounded. An ambulance train had as many as 30 car- riages and was accompanied by one doctor and 30 ambulance soldiers. One carriage served as an emergency room for re-bandaging, if need be. In the train the stretchers were suspended in a longitudinal direction in passenger carriages with the seats removed, always three stretchers one over the other, into iron stands through springs (the Linxweiler system, used also during the Russia-Japan war). Eighteen seriously wounded soldiers were placed in one carriage. After arrival at the railway station the train was divided into several parts. The wounded were taken through the exit in the front part of the carriage. In Belgrade, requisitioned Red Cross vehicles, and tramway car- riages went inside the railway station for the lightly wounded.664 In January 1913, Burian was delegated by the Czech Auxiliary Corps as the director of the Czech surgeons to the Bulgarian army in Sofia. Burian thought that he would remain in Bulgaria only for a short time since it was supposed that the armistice signed with the Turks would turn into a final peace. However he remained in Sofia until the end of September 1913, i.e. until the end of the Second Balkan War. He was managing a large mili- tary hospital situated in a beautiful part of the military academy on an ele- vation outside the town. The Czech mission was well supplied by the Prague Auxiliary Corps with dressing material, instruments, medicaments, linen for patients, as well as foodstuffs. After Burian s arrival, the Prague Auxiliary Corps also sent a large X-ray apparatus and, simultaneously, replenished the surgical equipment.665 In Bulgaria, Burians wife, dr. Lankash-Burian, who accompanied him to the Balkans, helped him for several months. Burian also had at his disposal three other doctors and several Bulgarian medical students. The patients were placed in the wards of the Czech missions. The number of wounded depended on the military activities, dr. Lankash-Burian wrote 663 F. Burian: Letters from abroad. Information of Czech doctors from the battlefields in the Balkans. Letter No. II. Belgrade October 2,1912 (November 5,1912). Magazine of Czech Doctors 51, p. 1409-1410. 664 E. Rychlik: In Montenegro and in Serbia. Military-surgical experience from the Balkan war 1912-1913: Czech Graphical Co. of the Union. Prague 1914, p. 303. 665 F. Burian: Role of plastic surgery in war. Overview of Czechoslovak surgery 15,1936, p. 138-139. 478 SUMMARY the following: “The wounded that arrive aremostly wrapped in enormous, kilos-heavy plaster bandages. Those who arrived a week ago had been kept in some Turkish djamia, which was wet and full of mice. We found one mouse dead under the bandage. The bandages are saturated with pus after a several- -day-long journey.”666 How to provide first aid in the battlefield was the problem of the Bulgar- ian military health service. Burian, who took part in both the Balkan Wars as a doctor, first in Serbia and then in Bulgaria, saw the differences in treat- ing the wounded soldiers and their results. In Serbia, any washing, probing, tamponment of the wounds, removing of blood and bone splinters from the wounds, as well as touching the wound with fingers was forbidden. Every Serbian soldier had a first-aid kit on him with aseptic dressing. The kit could only be opened in such a way that contamination was excluded. To this fact Burian also contributed the lowpercentage of the occurrence of early in- fection in the Serbian battlefield.667 In Bulgaria, on the contrary, tamponment and probing of the wounds was performed. In the battlefield the wounds were dressed with goat hair, which later led to maceration and infection of the skin.668 Later, the Bulgarian tzarina pro- hibited this procedure and the situation gradually improved669 Burians stay in Bulgaria lasted until the end of August, when he passed his wounded soldiers over to his Bulgarian colleagues. At the command of the Prague Auxiliary Corps, he handed over all of the equipment, including the X-ray apparatus, to the hospital management. Burian had already performed the first plastic operations during the corrective treatment of the war patients. He was awarded the Serbian order of St. Sava and the Bulgarian order for Civil Merit (Gra^danska zasluga) of the IVth class. Before his departure he was given an audience with Tzar Ferdinand, Tzarina and Prince Royal. After returning from the Balkan wars, Burian opened a private practice as a surgi- cal specialist. However, less than a year later, the First World War broke out and Burian was called up. On the First World War there were enormous increase in artillery injuries (80% compared with 25% in the Balkan wars) and an increase in the number of skull and face injuries. These were caused mostly by the splinters of gren- ades and mines. There was still a lack of experience in the treatment of these cases at that time, thus, most of these wounded soldiers died within several 666 A. Lankasova-Burianova - personal archives of F. Burians granddaughter, Viktorie Kosnarova, letter of Anna Lankasova-Burianova to her parents. 667 F. Burian: Letters from abroad. Information of Czech doctors from the battlefields in the Balkans. Letter No. II. Belgrade October 2,1912 (Novembers, 1912). In: Magazine of Czech Doctors 51, p. 1437. 668 K. Trosev: Czech doctors in Bulgaria during the Balkan wars (1912-1913). Charles University. Prague 1984, p. 62 (in Czech and Bulgarian). 669 0. Polak: Letters from abroad. Information of Czech doctors from the battlefields in the Balkans. Letter from Kragujevac. Magazine of Czech Doctors 52,1913,1936, p. 818. SUMMARY 479 days from secondary bleeding, aspiratory pneumonia and sepsis. The state of the seriously wounded soldiers was due to shock in the beginning, and later lack of nourishment, because the majority of cases could not eat food in a normal way and were entirely dependent upon gastric tube nourishment. Those who lived through the first fatal days got into the hands of surgeons lacking experience in treating these injuries. Therefore, centres for face and jaw surgery, and later for plastic surgery in general, were established after the first two years of war. Guidelines for the initial treatment of jaw frac- tures, tongue movement and nourishment during transport were drawn up. Gradually the need for plastic surgery was extended to other parts of the body, especially to the hands, and to injuries of the lower extremities, ampu- tation stumps and frost-bite.670 In August 1914, Burian was enlisted the army. For one and a half years he worked as chief-surgeon in the stand-by hospital No. 2 in Prague at Rudolphi- num. He directed the surgical department until the end of 1915. Even here he did not stop experimenting and devising new methods of treatment. In his paper on bullet fractures of the radius published in 1916, he suggested an extension apparatus which provided support by a tensile spiral made of steel wire.671 In May of the same year, he was transferred as chief-doctor of the sur- gical department in the garrison hospital No. 11 in Timisoara, in Hungary, he remained there until the end of the War with the Vllth army corps. On June 18,1916 he wrote home the following: I am very busy these days and the work fully absorbs me. In our hospital we do the screening, where the more seriously wounded soldiers remain, and the lighter wounded are sent farther. We had expand our ward at the expense of other wards - three doctors and one medical student. Today, on Sunday, I was working from 4 o clock till 7 o clock in the evening with a two-hour break at noon.... They are quickly making all the gadgets for me so I ll be able to perform my treatment. There will still be much work with the personnel. It is obvious that they even haven t seen a surgeon before. My colleagues are willing, therefore all will function well.”672 In Timisoara Burian continued performing his method of treatment of fractures by means of extension apparatus that were made for him in the local cabinet-making workshop. He described his daily programme in his let- ters to his wife as follows: “In the morning I usually operate until 10-11 o clock, then re-bandaging, inspections, on average 40 a day. New patients, 10 a day on 670 F. Burian: Hole of plastic surgery in war. Overview of Czechoslovak surgery 15,1936, p. 38-39. 671 F. Burian: Treatment of fractures especially bullet - caused ones, in a stand-by hospital Magazine of Czech Doctors 55,1916, p. 1026-9. 672 Letter of Frantisek Burian to his wife on June 18,1916, personal keeping. 480 SUMMARY average, when there is no large transport in the meantime. Several officers, daily 15 men on average, for medical opinion. Work enough.”673 “I had to interrupt my last letter because suddenly there was much work for me. An unannounced train stopped here and started unloading the wounded that it brought directly from the battlefield. We were not prepared for that. The first day I was working from 8 to half past midnight and from 2 until 10 o’clock in the evening yesterday, and until eight today. My legs are just trembling. So far two soldiers have died. Today I am finished with everything.”674 In the beginning of 1917, Burian became chief surgeon of the 7th army corps. In Timisoara he established a center for fractures and also the first center for reconstructive plastic surgery. After the end of the war, this center was moved to Prague by a special train and laid the foundations of the later Institute and Clinic of Plastic Surgery; this was the foundation of Czech plastic surgery. The experience gained from the First World War led to an undreamed -of development of the speciality. In the First World War Euro- pean plastic surgery became a special branch. Soldiers were returning from the front with faces deformed by wounds, which required the new speciality of plastic surgery, and Burian was now very experienced in this. After the war, Burian was assigned chief-surgeon to the garrison hospital No. 2 in Hradcany. There he established a department of plastic surgery and in 1921, he performed the first plastic reconstruction of a defect after resect- ion of the upper jaw for a tumour. In 1923, Burian was the first to use full thickness skin as a skin graft, then was used better than the epithelial graft that had been used prior to this. Burian used this method not only on the eyelids and eye-sockets, but also for the plastic correction of the vagina.lt was during this period that Burian was the first who was employing the graft to accelerate the healing processes on the granulation surface. In 1924, the war-injuired men were passed over to welfare service thus Burian had to move out from the military hospital in Hradcany. Men who had been operated in the war were presents to show treatment stages and final results achieved at the meetings of the Czech Doctors Association and at the congresses of the Surgery - Gynaecological Society. Thus the techniques of plastic and reconstructive surgery became better known among doctors. Gradually it was also provided ordinary patients with defects and deform- ations caused by Trauma disease. 673 Letter of Frantisek Burian to his wife on August 29,1916, personal keeping. 674 Letter of Frantisek Burian to his wife on October 28,1916, personal keeping. SUMMARY 481 At the meeting of the Czech Doctors Association on May 7,1923, Burian presented a unique and complicated reconstruction of the palate and part of the face in a war invalid wounded in 1916 by a rifle. After a long treatment, he was left with a “cosmetically terrible” defect of the whole middle of the face. This resulted in snuffling, nearly unintelligible speech, and functional difficulties when eating. Burian began the plastic treatment of the patient in the year 1922. He obtained the material for reconstruction of the palate and of the internal lining of the nose by the formation of a duplicated humero- thoracic flap of skin into which a frame formed by crossed costal-cartilages. The preparation of the arm flap was performed in several stages. In the face, the nose, the palate and the upper lip were replaced. After that the indi- vidual parts were further remodelled by several operations. In general, the treatment took one and a half years, which is remarkable when we consider the primitive conditions in which Burian worked at that time. In 1921, Burian had only several beds at the Czechoslovak Red Cross Sana- torium in Zitna Street. These were given to him by its director, General dr. Vladimir Haering (1882-1942), who had taken part in both the Balkan and the First World War as a doctor. Burian, at the instigation of the noted Czech surgeon and radiologist Prof. Rudolf Jedlicka (1869-1926), suggested to the Ministry of Public Health to establish an Institute of Plastic Surgery. With the support of the Minis- try this was established on November 30,1921 at the Czechoslovak Red Cross Sanatorium in Prague and was licensed by the Provincial Political Adminis- tration on February 27,1923. Professor Jedlicka suggested that Burian’s institute should be a special treatment department and part of the Provincial Association for Treatment and Education of the Disabled in Bohemia. It became precisely the Jedlicka Institute for the disabled in Prague. The main majority of Burians patients in this period of time was mostly adults with facial defects resulting from tumours and skin tuberculosis, as well as of work and traffic accidents injuries. Patients with complications caused by war wounds also required treatment. The remained of the patients consisted of congenital face deformities, children with cleft-lip and palate defects, congenital abnormalities or hand trauma. He also solved the recon- struction of the thumb by transfer from the leg according to Nicoladoni (1922) and rearrangement amputation stumps. Patients with congenital abnormalities, especially those with cleft the lip and cleft palates, were very frequent. Initially it was older children and adults with variously significant deformities resulting from unsuccessful attempts of the first operations performed by doctors who did not have enough know- ledge in these cases. Due to the lack of space, Burian could not have all the small children into the Jedlicka Institute to have their treatment. Therefore, 482 SUMMARY sucklings and younger children were first placed in the maternity hospital of the Protection of Mothers and Children in Stvanice, and later in the hos- pital of the Protection of Mothers and Children in Krc, which Burian attended once a week. There Burian began performing primary operations of neonates with clefts. These operations initiated Burians long interest in congenital deform- ity management. In the Jedlicka Institute Burian opened one of the first institutes of plastic surgery in the world. After five years in 1932 his plastic surgery Jedlicka Institute obtained the status of an independent clinic. The clinic had four wards: 1st children, 2nd hand, 3rd burns, 4th treatment of other cases, i.e. serious skin defects, facial accidents and tumours.675 At the request of the French Society for Plastic Surgery, Burian organized two international courses, these were in 1934 and 1935, the first in the world. The participants were returned repeatedly, for example John Marquis Con- vers who considered Burian his teacher. The Plastic Surgery Institute in the Jedlicka Institute had 36 beds and it remained there until October 1937. Since the number of patients who asked for treatment was increasing, the equipment in the Jedlicka Institute could not cope. As many as 1,000 operations per year were performed. For this reason the Ministry of Health transfered the Plastic Surgery Institute to a new ward in the state hospital at Vinohrady in October 1937. During this period Burian qualified in 1929 pathology and therapy of sur- gical diseases. For his thesis he presented 22 studies in total, published from 1903 to 1928. In 1937 he was named as associate professor of aesthetic surgery. With the transfer of the private institute of plastic surgery into the state hospital, Burian became the head of this ward. In 1948 the Institute of Plastic Surgery was transformed into the Clinic of Plastic Surgery of Charles Uni- versity and Burian, who was appointed the first full professor of plastic sur- gery of Charles University, continued his work there as its head. Throughout his whole life Burian thoroughly followed the development of plastic surgery in other countries, not only in Europe. The stay of his son, Roman, also a very talented plastic surgeon, in Great Britain was a big inspir- ation for Burian. During his residency his son worked with well known Brit- ish plastic surgeons such as Professor Kilner, a personal friend of Frantisek Burian, and Professors Gillies, Me Indoe and others. Above all Roman was gathering experience on treatment of fissures of cleft lip and palate as well as burn management. It should be added that, in one of his numerous letters to his father, Frantisek Burian was an acknowledged specialist in Great Brit- 675 F. Burian: Plastic surgery in Czechoslovakia. In: Czechoslovakia i, 1946; 5, 2. Burian F. Origin and development of the Plastic Surgery Institute in Prague. Kladno 1937, p. 13. SUMMARY 483 ain: “On the whole, all here know about you and talk with great respect about you/ 676 The gradual establishment of other institutions in Brno, Bratislava, Kosice, Plzen, Trinec, and Vysoké nad Jizerou by Burian s collaborators and pupils was proof of expansion of plastic surgery in Czechoslovakia, undoubtedly the founder was Frantisek Burian and this was acknowleged world wide. In 1953 Burian established a centre for burns in Prague in the building of the former Boruvka s sanatorium in Leger Street. A year later, at his insist- ence, another centre for burns was also established in the industrial city of Ostrava. The work of these stations brought the treatment of burns in Czech- oslovakia up to world level and was highly thought of abroad. Throughout the five decades of his work, Burian was actively involved in the scientific and practical aspects of branches of plastic surgery. Clefts deformities in the face gradually became the centre of his versatile interest and activity. From 1946 he suggested the registration of congenital deform- ities, this was to become the first step towards the study of possible preven- tion of these abnormalities. Registrations was in 1956, first in the region of Hradec Krâlové and, later on, in Prague. The regional projects were continued by a voluntary countrywide registration that lasted from January 1,1961 to December 31,1964. The method of countrywide registration was worked out based on the experience from the years 1956 - i960. Children with congenital deformities were reported to the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child. A uniform print form with eight parameters was used. From 1965 the registration of congenital deformities became one of the special health statistics. The reports on the child with a congenital deformity were sent to the Ministry of Health on so-called combined punched cards. Live-born foetuses in which a selected congenital deformity was found up until the end of the seventh day of life were the subject of the reports.677 On November 17,1955 Burian was elected academician and a year later the Laboratory of Plastic Surgery was established within the Czechoslovak Acad- emy of Science, where Burian was the head until his death. Research into the use of alotransplantation of the skin in the treatment of serious burns and its responses (both immunological and clinical) in the recipients organism as well as the study of ethiology and the prevention of congenital deform- ities focused cleft palates became its two pivotal tasks. Within the research into prevention of congenital deformities Burian stressed publicity for family planning and for the protection of a pregnant woman especially in the first 676 Personal archives of F. Burians granddaughter, Viktorie Kosnarova, letter of the son Roman Burian addressed to his father from September 24,1948. 677 J. Kucera: Population teratology. Avicenum. Prague 1989, p. 325. 484 SUMMARY three months of pregnancy with control of diet and with the addition of vitamins. Research into secondary features of jaw deformations played an important role in the planned treatment of congenital deformities. This is why the laboratory worked out, on the basis of its research work, their scheme. This scheme became a basis of the questionnaires that were then transferred on to punch cards. The aim was to find out the frequency of the occurrence of the indices in heredity and in the environmental influence. The questionnaire, originally worked out only for clefts, was also prepared for other congenital deformities of the extremities, auditory organs, repro- ductive organs and others. The elaborate questionnaire was time-exacting, and therefore it served only for research purposes. Specimens of the questionnaire translated into English were also sent abroad. Foreign guests at Professor Kilner s clinic, such as Gillies, Pickerell, Pick Lewin, and Hogan became part of the family. The granddaughter of Burian recalled mainly the visits of Professor Kilner, to whom she took a special liking. Burian was a member of many Czechoslovak and foreign scientific and medical institutions. He published more than 200 scientific works and four monographs. From them, Physiological operations, written in 1940, inspired many generations of surgeons in Czechoslovakia, as well as the Atlas of Plas- tic Surgery, published in English and Russian. Burian was awarded many decorations and medals for his work. Among them he was awarded the Order of the Republic, the silver plaquette of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Merits for Science, and the Mankind or Gillies Gold Medal of the Association of British Plastic Surgeons. Burians aphorisms and his endeavour to always achieve better and better results of plastic surgery operations remained in the tradition and memory of his pupils “a plastic surgeon can never be thorough enough and each par- ticular surgical technique must be completed with the highest attention and accuracy. A great surgeon is someone who can perform serious surgery as well as the smallest surgery with the same accuracy and positive result. 678 678 M. Fara, M. Tvrdek: Commemorating the 125th Anniversary of the Birth of Professor Frantisek Burian. Acta Chirurgie Plasticae 49 (3), 2007, s. 59-62.
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genre (DE-588)4146609-3 Briefsammlung gnd-content
(DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content
genre_facet Briefsammlung
Biografie
geographic Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 gnd
geographic_facet Böhmische Länder
id DE-604.BV043190812
illustrated Illustrated
indexdate 2024-12-24T04:44:36Z
institution BVB
isbn 9788024622200
language Czech
oai_aleph_id oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028614449
oclc_num 951224730
open_access_boolean
owner DE-12
owner_facet DE-12
physical 600 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts
psigel BSBWK1
publishDate 2015
publishDateSearch 2015
publishDateSort 2015
publisher Univerzita Karlova, nakladatelství Karolinum
record_format marc
spellingShingle Smrčka, Václav 1951-
Mádlová, Vlasta 1977-
Válečný chirurg František Burian a zrození české plastické chirurgie
Burian, František 1881-1965 (DE-588)1059950014 gnd
Chirurgie (DE-588)4009987-8 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)1059950014
(DE-588)4009987-8
(DE-588)4069573-6
(DE-588)4146609-3
(DE-588)4006804-3
title Válečný chirurg František Burian a zrození české plastické chirurgie
title_auth Válečný chirurg František Burian a zrození české plastické chirurgie
title_exact_search Válečný chirurg František Burian a zrození české plastické chirurgie
title_full Válečný chirurg František Burian a zrození české plastické chirurgie Václav Smrčka, Vlasta Mádlová
title_fullStr Válečný chirurg František Burian a zrození české plastické chirurgie Václav Smrčka, Vlasta Mádlová
title_full_unstemmed Válečný chirurg František Burian a zrození české plastické chirurgie Václav Smrčka, Vlasta Mádlová
title_short Válečný chirurg
title_sort valecny chirurg frantisek burian a zrozeni ceske plasticke chirurgie
title_sub František Burian a zrození české plastické chirurgie
topic Burian, František 1881-1965 (DE-588)1059950014 gnd
Chirurgie (DE-588)4009987-8 gnd
topic_facet Burian, František 1881-1965
Chirurgie
Böhmische Länder
Briefsammlung
Biografie
url http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028614449&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028614449&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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AT madlovavlasta valecnychirurgfrantisekburianazrozeniceskeplastickechirurgie

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