Chest imaging
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Philadelphia, Pa.
Elsevier
2015
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| Schriftenreihe: | Clinics in chest medicine
36,2 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Chest imaging |c ed. David A. Lynch ... |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Chest / Imaging | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chest / Tomography | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Chest imaging
Autor: Lynch, David A
Jahr: 2015
Chest Imaging
Contents
Preface
xv
David A. Lynch and Jonathan H. Chung
Erratum
XVII
Approach to Chest Computed Tomography
127
Brent P. Little
Computed tomography (CT) is central to the detection and diagnosis of a wide va-
riety of pulmonary, cardiovascular, and other diseases of the chest. Successful inter-
pretation of thoracic CT requires both an appreciation of the spectrum of normal
appearances of the chest and a systematic approach to the characterization of
thoracic pathology. This article provides an introduction to basic CT techniques
and protocols, a review of normal CT anatomy, and an overview of commonly
encountered abnormalities.
Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening for Lung Cancer 147
Jared D. Christensen and Caroline Chiles
Low-dose computed tomographic (LDCT) screening is now moving from clinical tri-
als to clinical practice, following the report from the National Lung Screening Trial
that LDCT screening for lung cancer can reduce the number of deaths from lung
cancer by 20% in current and former smokers, ages 55 to 74 years, with a 30
pack-year smoking history. This article reviews the current evidence for screening,
key elements of a successful lung cancer screening clinic, and reporting and man-
agement guidelines for LDCT screening findings.
Imaging the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule 161
Jeffrey B. Alpert, Conor M. Lowry, and Jane P. Ko
The development of widespread lung cancer screening programs has the potential
to dramatically increase the number of thoracic computed tomography (CT) exam-
inations performed annually in the United States, resulting in a greater number of
newly detected, indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). Additional imag-
ing studies, such as fluorodeoxyglucose F 18 (FDG)-positron emission tomography
(PET), have been shown to provide valuable information in the assessment of inde-
terminate SPNs. Newer technologies, such as contrast-enhanced dual-energy chest
CT and FDG-PET/CT, also have the potential to facilitate diagnosis of potentially ma-
lignant SPNs.
Staging of Lung Cancer 179
Patricia M. de Groot, Brett W. Carter, Sonia L. Betancourt Cuellar, and Jeremy J. Erasmus
Primary lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Thorough
clinical staging of patients with lung cancer is important, because therapeutic op-
tions and management are to a considerable degree dependent on stage at
Contents
presentation. Radiologic imaging is an essential component of clinical staging,
including chest radiography in some cases, computed tomography, MRI, and
PET. Multiplanar imaging modalities allow assessment of features that are important
for surgical, oncologic, and radiation therapy planning, including size of the primary
tumor, location and relationship to normal anatomic structures in the thorax, and ex-
istence of nodal and/or metastatic disease.
Imaging Infection 197
Loren Ketai, Kirk Jordan, and Katrina H. Busby
Thoracic imaging is widely used to detect lower respiratory tract infections, identify
their complications, and aid in differentiating infectious from noninfectious thoracic
disease. Less commonly, the combination of imaging findings and a clinical setting
can favor infection with a specific organism. This confluence can occur in cases of
bronchiectatic nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in immune-competent
hosts, invasive fungal disease among neutropenic patients, Pneumocystis jiroveci
pneumonia in patients with AIDS, and in cytomegalovirus infections in patients
with recent hematopoietic cell transplantation. These specific diagnoses often
depend on computed tomography scanning rather than chest radiography alone.
Intensive Care Unit Imaging 219
Matthew R. Bentz and Steven L. Primack
Chest radiography serves a crucial role in imaging of the critically ill. It is essential in
ensuring the proper positioning of support and monitoring equipment, and in evalu-
ating for potential complications of this equipment. The radiograph is useful in diag-
nosing and evaluating the progression of atelectasis, aspiration, pulmonary edema,
pneumonia, and pleural fluid collections. Computed tomography can be useful when
the clinical and radiologic presentations are discrepant, the patient is not responding
to therapy, or in further defining the pattern and distribution of a radiographic
abnormality.
Pulmonary Vascular Diseases 235
Kristopher W. Cummings and Sanjeev Bhalla
Pulmonary vascular diseases encompass a large and diverse group of underlying
pathologies ranging from venous thromboembolism to congenital malformations
to inflammatory vasculitides. As a result, patients can present either acutely with
dyspnea and chest pain or chronically with dyspnea on exertion, hypoxia, and right
heart failure. Imaging, particularly with multidetector CT, plays a key role in the eval-
uation and management of patients with suspected pulmonary vascular disease
and, given the widespread routine use of high-quality CT pulmonary angiography,
it is imperative that radiologists be familiar these pathologies.
Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease 249
Danielle M. Seaman, Cristopher A. Meyer, and Jeffrey P. Kanne
Occupational and environmental lung disease remains a major cause of respiratory
impairment worldwide. Despite regulations, increasing rates of coal worker s pneu-
moconiosis and progressive massive fibrosis are being reported in the United
States. Dust exposures are occurring in new industries, for instance, silica in hydrau-
lic tracking. Nonoccupational environmental lung disease contributes to major
Contents ix
respiratory disease, asthma, and COPD. Knowledge of the imaging patterns of
occupational and environmental lung disease is critical in diagnosing patients with
occult exposures and managing patients with suspected or known exposures.
Radiologic Evaluation of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias 269
Tilman L. Koelsch, Jonathan H. Chung, and David A. Lynch
The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are a group of inflammatory and fibrosing pul-
monary conditions that share many clinical, radiologic, and histologic similarities.
Radiologic evaluation can often help to make a more confident diagnosis of these
conditions and may help in their management. Several specific radiologic findings
can suggest a single best diagnosis or can help to differentiate between similar con-
ditions. Imaging findings can also have important prognostic implications or identify
complications. This review discusses the role of radiologic findings in the setting of
the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.
Connective Tissue Disease-related Thoracic Disease 283
Yutaka Tsuchiya, Aryeh Fischer, Joshua J. Solomon, and David A. Lynch
Pulmonary involvement is a frequent manifestation of connective tissue disease
(CTD)-related thoracic disease. It is important to characterize the underlying pattern
when pulmonary involvement occurs in a patient with CTD, and to exclude other
causes. A systematic approach, evaluating each compartment of the lung (airway,
interstitium, pleura, pulmonary vasculature) may be helpful. In complex cases, a
multidisciplinary approach should be considered, potentially including the pulmo-
nologist, rheumatologist, radiologist, pathologist, and sometimes the infectious dis-
ease specialist or oncologist. New techniques, such as quantitative computed
tomography and MRI, are expected to be helpful for evaluation and management
of CTD-associated thoracic disease.
Cystic and Nodular Lung Disease 299
J. Caleb Richards, David A. Lynch, and Jonathan H. Chung
Diffuse cystic and nodular lung diseases have characteristic imaging findings. The
most common causes of cystic lung disease are lymphangioleiomyomatosis and
Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Other less common cystic lung diseases include
Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, and light chain
deposition disease. Computed tomography is used to differentiate cystic lung dis-
ease from emphysema, honeycombing, cavities, and bronchiectasis, which mimic
cystic lung disease. Diffuse nodular lung disease are categorized as centrilobular,
perilymphatic, and random types. In diffuse nodular lung disease, a specific diag-
nosis is achieved through a combination of history, physical examination, and imag-
ing findings.
Imaging of the Central Airways with Bronchoscopic Correlation: Pictorial Essay 313
Maria Shiau, Timothy J. Harkin, and David P. Naidich
A wide variety of pathologic processes, both benign and malignant, affect the central
airways. These processes may be classified into 4 distinct groups: anatomic vari-
ants, lesions that result in focal or diffuse airway narrowing, and those that result
in multinodular airway disorder. Key to the accurate assessment of the central air-
ways is meticulous imaging technique, especially the routine acquisition of
X
Contents
contiguous high-resolution, 1-mm to 1.5-mm images. These images enable high-
definition axial, coronal, and sagittal reconstructions, as well as advanced imaging
techniques, including minimum intensity projection images and virtual bronchos-
copy. Current indications most commonly include patients presenting with signs
and symptoms of possible central airway obstruction, with or without hemoptysis.
In addition to diagnosing airway abnormalities, computed tomography (CT) also
serves a critical complementary role to current bronchoscopic techniques for both
diagnosing and treating airway lesions. Advantages of CT include noninvasive visu-
alization of the extraluminal extent of lesions, as well as visualization of airways distal
to central airways obstructions. As discussed and illustrated later, thorough knowl-
edge of current bronchoscopic approaches to central airway disease is essential for
optimal correlative CT interpretation.
Imaging of Small Airways and Emphysema 335
Rachael M. Edwards, Gregory Kicska, Rodney Schmidt, and Sudhakar N.J. Pipavath
High-resolution chest computed tomography (CT) is one of the most useful tech-
niques available for imaging bronchiolitis because it shows highly specific direct
and indirect imaging signs. The distribution and combination of these various signs
can further classify bronchiolitis as either cellular/inflammatory or fibrotic/constric-
tive. Emphysema is characterized by destruction of the airspaces, and a brief dis-
cussion of imaging findings of this class of disease is also included. Typical CT
findings include destruction of airspace, attenuated vasculatures, and hyperlucent
as well as hyperinflated lungs.
Functional Imaging: Computed Tomography and MRI 349
Saeed Mirsadraee and Edwin J.R. van Beek
Standard imaging for the lungs allow excellent visualization of normal and abnormal
pulmonary patterns. Computed tomography (CT), however, has limitations. The
recognized patterns have limited specificity, do not always diagnose the pathology
at a treatable stage, and do not provide physiologic information. Advances allow
more physiologic approaches in lung imaging, namely, functional imaging. The
main functional lung imaging modalities are CT and MRI. Contrast and noncontrast
imaging approaches study pulmonary perfusion, dynamics of the flow in the pulmo-
nary artery, and motion. Noble gases allow assessment of regional pulmonary venti-
lation. We discuss the role of novel imaging techniques in the functional lung
assessment.
Index
365
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| spelling | Chest imaging ed. David A. Lynch ... Philadelphia, Pa. Elsevier 2015 XVII S., S. 127 - 372 zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Clinics in chest medicine 36,2 Clinics review articles Chest / Imaging Chest / Tomography Lungs / Cancer / Diagnosis Lynch, David A. 1956- (DE-588)1074128427 edt Clinics in chest medicine 36,2 (DE-604)BV000001084 36,2 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028144897&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Chest imaging Clinics in chest medicine Chest / Imaging Chest / Tomography Lungs / Cancer / Diagnosis |
| title | Chest imaging |
| title_auth | Chest imaging |
| title_exact_search | Chest imaging |
| title_full | Chest imaging ed. David A. Lynch ... |
| title_fullStr | Chest imaging ed. David A. Lynch ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chest imaging ed. David A. Lynch ... |
| title_short | Chest imaging |
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| topic | Chest / Imaging Chest / Tomography Lungs / Cancer / Diagnosis |
| topic_facet | Chest / Imaging Chest / Tomography Lungs / Cancer / Diagnosis |
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