Srpsko slobodno zidarstvo 1764 - 1914 ilustrovani pregled istorije slobodnog zidarstva kod Srba ; Prilozi i građa
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Beograd
Zoran D. Nenezić
2012
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Posebno izdanje
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV041858752 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20151124 | ||
| 007 | t| | ||
| 008 | 140521s2012 xx ab|| |||| 00||| srp d | ||
| 020 | |a 9788690206766 |9 978-86-902067-6-6 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)930992873 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV041858752 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a srp | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
| 084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Nenezić, Zoran D. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Srpsko slobodno zidarstvo 1764 - 1914 |b ilustrovani pregled istorije slobodnog zidarstva kod Srba ; Prilozi i građa |c Zoran D. Nenezić |
| 264 | 1 | |a Beograd |b Zoran D. Nenezić |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a 293 S. |b zahlr. Ill., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Posebno izdanje | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Serbian freemasonry (1764 - 1914) | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1764-1914 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Freimaurerei |0 (DE-588)4018348-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Serbien |0 (DE-588)4054598-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Serbien |0 (DE-588)4054598-2 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Freimaurerei |0 (DE-588)4018348-8 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Geschichte 1764-1914 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027303031&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027303031&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 200.9 |e 22/bsb |f 0903 |g 4971 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 200.9 |e 22/bsb |f 09041 |g 4971 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 306.09 |e 22/bsb |f 0903 |g 4971 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 306.09 |e 22/bsb |f 09041 |g 4971 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 001.09 |e 22/bsb |f 0903 |g 4971 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 001.09 |e 22/bsb |f 09041 |g 4971 |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027303031 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819736727942594560 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SERBIAN FREEMASONRY (1764-1914)
(XVIII-XIX CENTURY)
In the Habsburg Monarchy, Serbian Members in Masonic Lodges until they were
banned in 1795, included priest Djordje Milivojin; the Austrian army commander of Ser-
bian origin Pavle Davidovič; the teacher and writer Stefan Vujanovski; the church sec-
retary and publisher of Serbian books Stefan Novakovič; the bishop Šakabent Jovanovič
from Novi Sad; the archimandrite of the monastery Krušedol and later metropolitan Stefan
Stratimorovič, and the bishop Petar Petrovič, one of the most liberal and educated Serbs of
the XVIII century.
Dositej Obradovič, who had a crucial influence on Serbian culture in the end of the
XVIII and at the beginning of the XIX century, introducing it to rationalism and englight-
enment, is by many sources believed to have been a Freemason. Although it is not known
for sure to which Lodge he had belonged, by all evidence offered in his work during his life,
it is believed that he entered the Masonic Lodge at Leipzig.
Numerous authors make the connection betweens Dositej s Masonic activities and
his return to the rebellious Serbia under the leader Karadorde, where he became the minis-
ter of education and founder of schools.
It is believed that in the years prior to the First Serbian Uprising, there existed a Free-
mason Lodge whose founder was the enlightened vizier Mustapha-pasha. The Members of
the Lodge were, among others Petar Ičko, Janko Katie and Pavle Popovič Čardaklija. The
connection between Karadorde and the Lodge, still a possibility, is a trifle daring and still
unconfirmed hypothesis.
The proof of the existence of this Lodge, with íčko and Katie at the head, can be seen
in the events during and after the uprisings against Turkish governors in which Mustapha-
pasha was killed. In the long lasting influence of the Freemasons, duke Adam Chartoriski,
Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs, was noted for his proposal to form councils, and for
his attempt to win support from Napoleon through his emissary Marmont in Ljubljana and
Paris.
After the rebellion was crushed, its leaders fled to Bessarabia. New contacts were
made with the Greek heterists, whose head was the duke Ipsilanti, a Freemason. Their
attempts to raise a Christian rebellion together in Turkey, failed. With the murder of
Karadorde, their collaboration with the heterist Masons came to an end, particularly be-
cause duke Miloš Obrenovič was against their anti-Turkish orientation.
In 1804, after finding out about the Serbian uprising movement, Sava Tekelija, although not
a Freemason, sent a letter to Napoleon, explaining the general European situation, and the
need for French intervention because
„it is in the European interest to support this rebellion, so that this nation could stand
on firm ground, and in the future, prevent and protect other European countries from Rus-
sian expansion on this side”. He also saild:
„If the French revolution united Catholics, Calvanists, Lutherans, Jansenists with the
same enthusiasm can unite Srbs, and weaken the religious fanaticism, discarding among
them all questions of religion and inspiring them to think of only their nation and their
161
homeland... Different provinces under military control, had acquired different customs.
The Serbs regard Bosnians a different nation; the Croats call all members of eastern reli-
gions Valachs, and even if they are Croats themselves, they do not wish to be called Serbs in
general terms,but according to their provinces: Croats, Dalmatians, Bosnians and so forth.
In this way by naming themselves differently it is as if they are forming different nationali-
ties. Looking at the problem in this fashion, one can see the difficulties in uniting them in
a country with a name they would all accept... Culdrit an Illyrian Republic or Monarchy be
declared in the same way?”
The great Serbian men of the XIX century, Sima Milutinović Sarajlija, Petar Petrović
Njegoš and Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, each in his own way had certain connections with
Masonry.
For Sarajlija, it is known for certain that he was a Member of the Lodge in Leipzig.
Some authors give him credit for having a great influence on Rade Tomov, who was later a
bishop, and on the statesman and poet Njegoš. They claim that this influence was directly
responsible for Njegoš s entring the Lodges with revolutionary and liberal aspirations.
As for as Vuk Karadžić is concerned, his connection with Freemasonry were of a bit
different nature, his reforming work received great support from known European Masons
at the time. Knowing the reputation of Goethe, Grimm brothers and few others, we can
conclude that this support was quiete significant.
The period of the Constitutionalists in Serbia, especially their coming to power after
the Vučić rebellion in 1842, was in a significant way determined by the Freemasons. In
Belgrade, since before 1847 and up to 1862, there existed the „Ali-koc” Lodge. Among
its members were Toma Vučić Perišić, Franjo Zah, and several other politically influential
people of the time. The Freemasons’ influence on the future events in Serbia can be seen
through the work of the political agents of the Polish emigration, their head was the duke
Adam Chartoriski. From the Hotel Lambert in Paris, he directed an extensive network of
Polish emigrants all over Europe, and especially in the Balkans.
Vučić joined Masonry in Constantinople, during his second exile. He was taken in by
the writer Tchaikovsky, Chartoriski s representative. Chartoriski and Franjo Zah, had with
their written proposals, greatly affected the direction of the forming of the national Serbian
program summarized in Garašanin’s „Načertanija”. While Chartoriski s anti-Russian orien-
tation, backed by English and French Masons was totally accepted by Garadanin, its echo
hada long influence on the solving of the acute Eastern question, whose goal was to weaken
the influence of orthodox Russia primarily among Serbs in the Balkans.
After the Turkish attack on Belgrade in 1862, knowledgeable Serbian Masons, un-
der instructions from duke Mihailo Obrenović, reyuested support and understanding from
English Freemasons. They were Filip Hristić and Vladimir Jovanović. Rather cautiously,
some Freemason writers point out that during duke Mihailo’s forced exile from Serbia,
he could have become a Freemason. There is no certain evidence to this, but it is known
that while attempting a Christian uprising in the Blkans, in which duke Mihailo played a
significant role, the Freemasons, mainly through Garibaldi, Mazzini and the Hungarian
emigrants of the revolution of 1848 with Lajos Kossuth at their head, left a memorable
mark. Once again the Masonic Lodges of England and France were involved. With clever
162
maneuvers, they were to achieve complete dominance in the Balkans, at the expense of the
total elimination of orthodox Russia on the heterodox Serbia. Garibaldi, on the other hand,
had his own interests in expanding his influence on the other coast of the Adriatic Sea.
On the other side, the birth and evolution of the Yugoslav idea in Croatia had a twofold role.
In some rare and short lived nations, the ideas of uniting Southern Slavs were seen even
before. But it is not till then that the ideas began to take shape. Chartoriski was involved in
this as well, while his emissaries constantly travelled between Belgrade, Constantinople,
Zagreb and Paris. It is not by chance that the first man to use the term Yugoslavia in 1845
was Matija Ban, a Mason, from Dubrovnik by his origin, who had close contacts with
Garibaldi’s followers.
In the formulation of the Yugoslav program, as can be found in the ideas of the Dja-
kovo biskop Štrosmajer, certain traces of Masonic influence can be seen. This on the first
glance appears in opposition to Štrosmajer’s general stand as that of a Catholic towards
Masonry. Štrosmajer’s final idea of Yugoslavia in his 1874 document shows to a certain
extent that he changed the main issue of the agreement he achieved with Garašanin in 1867.
The final goal of Serbs, Croats, Slovenians and Bulgarians he defined as their unification
into an „Independent and free national state of Yugoslavia”. He proclaimed eyuality among
the South Slavs, the inviolability of their independence and eligious beliefs and their mutual
stand in regard to other countries. This is a clear and visible part of his Yugoslav policy,
which was somewhat changed in other documents, including the letters he sent to dignitar-
ies of the Catholic church in Vienna and Rome. According to Štrosmajer,
„it is God s providence that our empire (Austro-Hungary), is predestined for a diffe-
icult task... to be truly Christian and Catholic in between two non-Catholic empires, and to
win the hearts of the South Slavs; that is to execute its constant and permanent determina-
tion inclining towards the eastern part of South Europe”.
A few more observations are necessary about Štrosmajer s and other nationalists
Yugoslav policy. Namely, the policy of bishop Štrosmajer and duke Mihailo clearly shows
that the Yugoslav idea, accepted by narrow Serbian and Croatian national interests was
very easily pushed back and even abendoned. The ink on the joint document between the
Serbian government and the National Party wasn t even dry yet, when Štrosmajer offered
collaboration to the Polish emigration (Chartoriski), wishing to achieve French intervention
in doing away with dualism and building a federative Austria in which Croatia would have
its place. A promise from Andrasy that Hungary will assist Serbia in acquiring Bosnia in a
peaceful manner, was enough for duke Mihailo to give up his agreed collaboration with the
Nacional Party.
Štrosmajer, in all four phases of his Yugoslav policy (till 1866, 1867, 1879 and till
1873), accepted
„collaboration with Serbia, and together with her and under her leadership wishing
to solve the South and Eastern Slavs question, when they were in a hopeless position, and
after all their plans for supremaca among the South Slavs in a federally ordered monarchy,
had failed”.
And so, while Štrosmajer wrote this, explaining his motives in a letter of congratula-
tions to the Russians on the occasion of their conversion to Christianity, Hungarian Masons,
163
whose leader in Serbia was Svetomir Nikolajevič, skillfully used this specific situation to
stir away the national and independent aspirations of Serbia, away from Bosni-Herzegovi-
na, towards what was then called South Serbia.
Before the Berlin Congress in 1878, Bosnia-Herzegovina, as an area of liberation
activity, and even more so as an obstacle between the Serbian and Croatian independent ac-
tions, was in the center of attention to Masons in the European Community. This was done
by Garibaldi s followers in whose background were clearly the interests of France. It is not
strange therefore, that some of our people were to be found in Garibaldi s service, and that
some even received Italian citizenship by entering Masonry. One of them was Jovan Zega.
On the Italian initiative, duke Mica Ljubibratič, the secretary of the Herzegovinian duke
Luka Vukalovič, joined the Masons as well.
It would be impossible in this brief summary of the development of the Masonic
movement in our areas, to include detailed description of many complicated manuvers. We
should mention the arrival of prince Petar Karadordevič among Bosnian rebels (1876), as
a disguised Mason with the name of Petar Mrkonjič, and a simultaneous Masonic activity
in Belgrade which was formally organized that year under the direct influence of Italian
volunteers in the Serbo-Turkish wars (1876-78) and the Italian consul in Belgrade, Joanin. It
is also difficult in such a limited space to say more about Masonic amneuvers at the Berlin
Congress in 1878 and the forming of an imposed reality that would burdern life in these
parts in many future actions.
Several years before the forming of the first Serbian Lodge, a Lodge in Sisak was
founded in 1872, which moved to Zagreb thirty years later in 1903, and was able to achieve
a lot in everyday life. Its Members, more or less of foreign origin, were preparing grounds
for the founding of the „Hrvatska Vila” („Croatian Fairy”) Lodge in 1892 in Zagreb, which
during its ten year long existence achieved, on the Masonic plan, the bringing together of
their Brethren from Belgrade, from the Lodge „Pobratim” („Brother”) founded in 1890-91.
Both Lodges were under the powerful protectorate of the Grand Lodge of Hungary.
THE FIRST SERBIAN LODGE
The first Serbian Lodge in Belgrade, which bore the Italian name „Luce di Balkan”
(„The Light of the Balkan”) included, as the more prominent Members Svetomir Nikolajevič,
Božidar Bodi, Haim Davičo, Komel Draškoci, Jovan Djaja, Emilijan Josimovič, Manojlo
Klidis, Mica Ljubibratič, Josif Majzner, Horde Milovanovič, Borde Miličevič, Dragiša S.
Milutinovič, Marko Polak, Stevan R. Popovič, Mihajlo Valtrovič, Jovan Zega, Šari Aren
and Petar Ubavkič. After that one, new Lodges „Srpska zadruga” („The Serbian Coopera-
tive”) (1881), and „Sloga, Rad i Postojanstvo” („Harmony, Work and Fortitude”) (1883),
were formed. Among their Members were Laza Paču, Mihajlo Vujič, Tasa Bankovič, Miloš
Cvetic, Jovan and Nikola Antula, Jevrem Božovič and others mentioned in the first Bel-
grade Lodge.
Allthe three Lodges worked under the „protection” of the Italian Masonry, while the
method of organization, their emplementation of ideas, and their mutual collaboration was
constant throughout their actions. During the Herzegovinian uprisings and wars with the
164
Turks, the Belgrade Masons were persistent in their humanitarian plan, which is only one of
the aspects of the Masonic fields of action. At that time, Serbian Masons were thefounders
of several humanitarian organizations, from the Red Cross to the St. Sava Society.
On the political plan, several important Freemasons, Jovan Djaja, Tasa Bankovič and
Svetomir Nikolajevič above all, were involved in the forming of the first real political party
in Serbia, The Radical Party in 1883. Among later date Radicals there were many Masons:
Laza Paču, Marko Velizarič, Kosta Stojanovič, Jovan Dokič, Pavle Mihajlovič... Masonic
influence was felt in the appeal for self-government as well. Among the carriers of the red
banner from Kragujevac s „Autonomy”, there were those who later became eminent Free-
masons like Sreten Stojkovič.
Svetomir Nikolajevic’s departure from the main council of the Radical party, soon
after its formation, showed the disagreement of his hungarophil ideas, unconditionally sup-
ported by Obrenovič, and the political orientation of the Radical Board. Besides, there is
evidence that Serbian Masons interceded with Milan Obrenovič and were able to provide
a somewhat more lenient treatment for the convicted participants of the Timok rebellion in
1883.
The Timok rebellion had for a short time contributed to the stopping of further Ma-
sonic development. But, with the founding of the Lodge „Pobratim”, Masonry had finally
established deeper roots. Its founders were the unavoidable Svetomir Nikolajevič, Borde
Vajfert, Andra Dordevič, Sreten Stojkovič, Maksa Antonijevič, Tihomir Markovič, Stevan
Mokranjac... This Lodge was closely connected with the Hungarian Masonry, which result-
ed in their numerous conflicts with the radical newspapers attacking them for being ,,far-
masons” that is ad vocates of Austrian, pro-Catholic progression towards the south. This did
not prevent the Masons to participate in clashes, such as one with Pera Todorovič, who used
different methods from those described in the Masonic Constitution.
As can be seen from some of the following names, Masons in Serbia were ministers:
Paču, Nikolajevič, Popovič and Dordevič, Prime-Ministers under the absolutist regime of
the last Obrenovič: Nikolajevič and Vlada Dordevič; merchants and industrialists Vajfert
and Antonijevič; public personalities and professors Josimovič, Milutinovič (the son of
Sima Milutinovič Sarajlija), Varlovič, Šari Aren, Ljubomir Stojanovič, Ubavkič, Mokran-
jac, Binički and Stevan Sremac. In short, Masonry united the heterogenous interests of the
young Serbian bourgeoisie and intelligentsia of the end of the XIX century. Their influence
was felt in the political, economic and cultural aspects of life.
MASONRY IN SERBIA (BEFORE 1914)
Due to historical circumstances, the year 1903 played a decisive role in the develop-
ment of Masonry in Serbia as well as in Croatia.
With the May coup and the murder of the last Obrenovič, the Karadordevič dynasty,
with King Petar I had, aside from ascending the throne, announced a change in the Serbian
foreign policy. After these changes, several Serbian Masons were publicly attacked because
of their longstanding pro-Hungarian ideeas. On the other hand, Božan Simič, a Freemason,
participated in the conspiracy of a group of officers, which resulted in the overthrew of the
165
previous ruler. It is also known that the industrialist and mine owner Djordje Vajfert, whose
fortune grew day by day, financially backed the officers conspiracy and that „after the coup
d etat he assisted the conspirators families”. He was one of the founders of the Lodge „Po-
bratim”, and its orientation towards the Hungarian Masonry. It is known that the Belgrade
merchant Nikola Hadži-Toma, who was one of the wealthiest men in Serbia, undertook the
mission of winning prince Petar Karadordevič symathies and acquainting him with the
conspiracy to overthrow Aleksandar Obrenovič. It was not known till then that he and his
brother Svetozar Hadži-Toma were Members of the Lodge „Pobratim”. Relations with the
Hungarian Masonry were further imperilled after the year 1900 as Serbian Masons began
to turn themselves more toward the Frenchh Masonry. This coincided with a greater pen-
etration of French capital in Serbia.
Through their Freemason emissary in Belgrade, Leon Decaux, the French had in-
sight into the conditions of the Serbian Masonry. Also, through several Members of the
Lodge „Pobratim” such as Vladan Djordjevic and Vasa U. Jovanovic, who was financially
and politically close to Nikola Pašič, they attempted to impose Franch influence. After the
annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, in 1909, a new Lodge „Union” was founded under the
direct supervision of the Grand Orient Lodge from Paris.
The policy of French imperialism and the place of native Masonry in it, was getting
revealing in many ways. The Balkans, as a zone of great powers competing interests was
their battlefield. Masonry was in the background of different aspirations since the second
half of the XIX century. The French Masonry directly, and the British indirectly, by using
the Polish emigration, tried to lessen Russian influence in Serbia, and Austrian influence
in the Croatian part of the Dual Monarchy. After the revolution of 1848, the Hungarian
national movements and their echo in our regions, together with the tries toward solution of
the Eastern question and with the rising share of the Italian Masonry with clear anti-Papal
orientation, as well as the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, led to the radicalization of the
Masonic activities in the Balkans.
MASONRY IN SERBIA AND NATIONAL PROGRAM
Masons belonged to various organizations of the time. They could be found in national
organizations such as the „Slovenski jug”, „Narodna odbrana”, „Društvo Sveti Sava” („The
South Slavs”, „National Defense”, „St. Sava Society”), among eminent cultural and political
personalities and in Radical and other parties. They were Milován Milovanovič, Momcilo
Ninčič, Jovan Jovanovic, Vladimir Čorovič, Kosta Stojanovič, Vladimir Djordjevic, Mi-
hajlo Gavrilovič and some Serbs who came from Bosnia-Herzegovina. To name them all
(since there were over 250 Serbian Members by 1912 in Serbian and foreign Lodges) would
be a long list. By changing their last name, Jews attempted to lessen resistance to their ac-
ceptance into Serbian Lodges.
One can see that Serbian Masonry was heterogenous in regard to the political at-
titudes of its Members. This was of course, in accord with the Masonic spirit. What was
specific about the Serbian Lodges was that they accepted Croats as honorary Members:
Spiridon Brusina, Ante Tresič-Pavičič, Hinko Hinkovic and others.
166
The pro-Austrian fierce attacks on the Serbian national policy, specially regarding Bosnia,
with the help of the Catholic church including their attempt to blame the Serbian Masonry
as being responsible for the events that caused World War I, cannot be prooved. The author
of these lines is in possession of new documents that enlighten the entire situation.
In his report to the Lodge „Pobratim” on December 7th 1911, about his travels to Zagreb,
London, Paris and Berlin, Dr. Stanoje Mihajlovič said the following:
Zagreb: Due to the very poor development of Masonry there are but a few Breth-
ren among journalists. For now there is only Brother Milan Marjanovič, an excellent jour-
nalist and soon Toni Siegel, a first rate journalist and man of public influence will become
a Member. I was acquainted with several Members who are politicians, Pribičevič, Dr.
Markovič and most importantly Dr. Dušan Popovič. They made themselves available to us,
so that many newspapers from Zagreb will be open to us.”
Also connected with Masonry and its secret and conspiratiorial activity toward
the ruin of Austro-Hungary was the organization „Ujedinjenje ili Smrt” („Unification of
Death”), better known as the „Black Hand”. It gathered a number of the 1903 Conspirators
who were responsible for the assassination of the last Obrenovič and other important per-
sons. They were dissatisfied with radical public important persons. They ere dissatisfied
with radical public leadership of the national policy. A decisive role in the organization was
held by the Freemason Ljuba Jovanovič Šupa. This is all unconfirmed, because the official
Serbian Masonry was following a different direction, as can be seen from authentic Ma-
sonic sources.
In their letter dated May 2nd 1912 to Jovan Aleksijevič, one of the most active Free-
masons in Serbia at the time, the Head of the national „Triangle” from Skopje Dr. Nikola
Nastič and its administrator Jovan Aleksič wrote that beating, arrests and other police-like
actions towards students from the „Old Serbia” in Belgrade were inadmissible.
They asked the Masons in Belgrade to protect themselves in the future and wrote that
„Brethren will probably find it important to know that a good number of the officers and
people who had been attacking them are active members of the Black Hand ”.
Sometime before that, on March 28,1991, all present Members of the Lodges „Pobra-
tim”, „šumadija” and „Ujedinjenje” listened with „approval” to Jova Aleksijevic s lecture
on their national activities, and about those parts of Serbia which were not yet liberated. He
said:
„... abandon iron and steel weapons, return the embittered soldiers to their villages, to
their beloved, choose different weapons from those used by Albania, Old Serbia and other
nationalities. Let s bring them culture and civilization, ennoble their hearts, build schools
and hospitals, fix their roads and build railroads so that their communication with other
cultural people could improve, but above att let us teach them to be men and to love thy
neighbor. Let us not begin our campaign with thundering cannons but with literacy.”
Damjan Brankovic s letter to Jova Aleksijevič further confirms activities among Ser-
bian, Freemasons who without doubt were supported. On August 6th 1911 he wrote:
„Instability in everything and anything seems to be the basic element of our national
character. It shows a spiritual weakness in which people are thrilled by the past and afraid
for the future... No doubt that without compromise there can be no unity, and neglecting
167
one s own convictions and unreasonable leniency takes away theelements which should
give one s activities their true meaning. Let us leave our veterans to rest on their laurels,
giving them all credit they deserved but let us also strive together from our new forces to
create true followers of one idea, which will lead us through difficult moral and political
temptations. People who will understand this will do everything in their power to lead us to
defent our heritage and our future.”
Although not of a crucial importance, but not without its effect either, is the fact that
king Petar I Karadjordjevič and prince Aleksandar, the future regent and king were Masons.
By 1913, prince Aleksandar was candidate to become the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge
of Serbia which was supposed to unite the Lodges „Pobratim”, „Šumadija”, „Sloga, Rad i
Postojanstvo” and „Ujedinjenje” under the same system. This denies the hypothesis that he
did not join Masonry until the end of World War I. Because of limited space, there can be
shown only some of the relations of political life in Serbia up to World War I, where Ma-
sonry had its very definite role, such as the relation of Nikola Pasic, who according to up to
date research was not a Freemason, to other radical Masons (Laza Paču, Kosta Stojanovič,
Milovan Milovanovič,...) and his relation toward other political figures who were Freema-
sons. In that light Serbian relation to Russia and France is of interest. (French emissary in
Belgrade Decaux was a Member of the Lodge „Ujedinjenje” as was the American Consul
Berault). Preparations fot the Balkan Wars were also connected to Masonry and their work
in creating alliances.
Serbian Masons had asked the Great Orient of Turkey to intervene in the Turkish op-
pression against Serbs in the „Old Serbia”. They answered that „they would, on their part,
make an inquiry and forward this complaint to a humanitarian board interceding with the
government so that this request could be granted”.
When speaking of the Masons humanitarian activities during the wars, the freeing
of Turskih officers and soldiers who were Masons should not be left unmentioned. At the
same time, help for the victims of the war, primarily „the children of fallen Brethren” ar-
rived from Zagreb. They also expressed their enthusiasm for the „glorious victories of the
proud Serbian army”.
Shortly before the Balkan Wars, the cultural links between the Serbian and Croatian
people, in which Freemasons played a significant role, the Yugoslav idea was expressed
through several manifestations.
Masons and non-Masons were involved in two consecutive Almanacs of Serbian
and Croatian Literature (1910 1911) that were published consecutively in Zagreb and
Belgrade by Milan Čurčin. In another collection, Stojan Novakovič wrote a futuristic story
„Nakon sto godina” („A Hundred Years Later”), in which he gave a vision, interesting even
today.
„A May morning in the year of Our Lord 2001, full sunshine domed over Belgrade.
On the surrounding hills of the city, summer houses and aportments with gardens full of
flowers. In the air, airplanes, like butterflies, carry mail to Ljubljana, Zagreb, Zadar, Sa-
rajevo, Skadar, Ohrid, Prizren, Skopje, Niš... Just upon arriving by train from Zagreb we
settle down in our lodgings and go to search for Dositej s home. In the evening there will
be a lecture and discussion on the historic cultural condition of the Serbian and Croatian
168
people. The lectures have been planned to evaluate a new idea of incorporating Bulgarian
literature into the Serbo-Croatian, with which Slovenian literature (aside from the purely
commercial) had been united for a long time. In this way we mean to create Bulgarian
literature. For all three Slavic tribes, the Serbs and Croats, Slovenians and Bulgarians,
one general and large literature would be organized. Some suggested that it should be put
together under the name Yugoslav... Because of these future tasks there were lectures of
particular interest on separate status of the Serbian and Croatian people, which had long
ceased to exist and transformed into a compact whole.”
A monument, to Dositej Obradovič was raised also in this year. On Skerlic s initia-
tive, the Srbian Literary magazine took a poll on literary language, in which a number of
Freemasons, Serbs, Croats and Slovenians were involved. On the 35th anniversary of the
restored Freemasons Lodge in Belgrade on May 13th and 14th 1912, the published program
of the ceremony referred to the language as to „Serbo-Croatian” or „Croat-Serbian”.
Slavoljub Bulvan, the Grand Master of the Lodge from Zagreb „Ljubav Bližnjega”,
upon informing Jova Aleksijevič that he was chosen as a representative of this Lodge to the
Belgrade Lodge „Pobratim”, wrote in a letter dated February 11th 1906, that when
„the bond of our two Lodges imbued such a representative, we are confident that it
will produce a concrete form as well, showing us the way to the real light and truth”.
A temporary calm on the development of Masonic relations between Belgrade and
Zagreb followed after Serbia s separation from the Hungarian Masonry. With the admit-
tance of several younger Members, and the re-activating of senior members who believed
in Yugoslav ideas, these relations took heart once again. In 1913, with the forming of the
Lodge „Maksimilijan Vrhovac”, the Brethren in Zagreb were almost completely divided.
The Brethren who represented the interest of national unification and worked on the pro-
gram created by the educator and Freemason Davorin Trstenjak, had moved toward a more
decisive action.
A trip of 156 Croatian, Serbian and Slovenian students from the University of Zagreb
to Belgrade in April 1912, where they were very well accepted by members of all Lodges,
improved these relations once again.
Although it may seem from the presentation so far that Masonry operated in an
organized, manner only in Belgrade and Zagreb, this is not the case. Masons from other
cities as well played important roles in political events. Before World War I, the following
Lodges were in existence: „Pobratim”, „Sloga, Rad i Postojanstvo”, „Ujedinjenje” in Bel-
grade, „Kosovo” since 1910 in Skopje, „budučnost” („The Future”) since 1886 in Sombor,
„Alkotas” („Stvaranje”) since 1909 in Subotica, „Libertas” in Novi Sad, „Aurora” since
1905 in Vršac, „Stella Orientalis” in Pančevo, „Budnost” („Awareness”) in Osijek since
1912, „Sirius” in Rijeka, and two Lodges in Bitola and one in Skopje under the Italian Ma-
sonry.
Since the declaration of the indépendance of The Serbian Masonry, all Serbian Lodg-
es, except the Lodge „Ujedinjenje” were under the protectorate of the Grand Cuuncil of
Serbia.
These were only some of the abundant Masonic activities, until the beginning of the
war, that started with the assassination of the arch-duke and heir to the throne Francis Fer-
169
dinand and his wife Sophia. They were shot on St. Vitus Day in 1914, by the Young Bosnian
Gavrilo Princip. Since Ferdinand was well known for his „intolerance for all who followed
the politics of opposition to Rome, Freemasons and all non-Catholics”, it was logical to ex-
pect that France, together with the Serbian Masonry, would be accused of engaging „Young
Bosnia” in organizing the assassination.
The first public accusation of the Masonry was made by the London paper „John
Bull” on July 11th 1914. It claimed that, before the assassination, Princip had stayed in
Paris, where he received money to carry out the assassination. This accusation was also
made in two books on the Sarajevo assassination, published in London in 1924 and 1925.
During the trial, the question of Masonic involvement was brought up by the lawyer Kosta
Fremužič, on October 12th, 13th, 17th and 18th 1914. The accused Čabrinovič and Princip,
in certain contexts, did speak of the Masonic activities of Vojislav Tankosič, Milan Ciganič
and Radovan Kazimirovic, who were all in one way of another involved in the organizatin
of the assossination.
The accusation that Freemasons were the organizers of the assassination came up
during the war as well, in the Austro-Hungarian press. The Hungarian Freemasons pa-
per the „Vilag”, on July 21th 1916, published without comment a report from the Catholic
„Kepes Hirlap” according to which
„... the lives of the heir to the throne and his wife were violated because of the Free-
masons aims. The murderers were almost all Freemasons. Freemasonry gave them the
knife, advice, stimulus and education... Finally, we can say that our misfortune today is not
caused by English, pride, Slav aspirations, Serbian impudence, nor Grey, Nikolajevič or
Pasic, but the spirit, ruling and wishes of the Freemasons”.
Attacks on the Freemasons were publicly continued in 1918, with the Puntinganov s
stenographed version of the trial in Sarajevo edited by Jozef Koler. Although not proven,
it was once again asserted that Tankosič received money and weapons to carry out the
assassination. The Jesuit Hermann Gruber, and two Austrian ex-professional armu-men,
Sarkotič and Ludendorf were among the many who attacked Freemasonry at the time. The
two latter, in their books published in 1928 and 1934, claimed that the well known member
of the organization „Ujedinjenje ili Smrt”, intelligence officer of the Serbian army and
Freemason, Dragutin Dimitrijevič Apis, was one of the conspirators in 1903. They made
themselves famous by writing that the assassin Gavrilo Princip was a Freemason as well.
Ludendorf went on, in his many accusations, to portray the role of Svetomir Nikolajevič
within the connections between Serbian and foreign (especially French) Lodges.
The list of others who had made similar accusations of the Freemasons would of
course be too long. Even Nazi Germany, in its revengeful anti-Jewish and anti-Masonic
fight, could not avodi the subject of the Sarajevo assassination, and the Masonic involve-
ment in it. The only differance being as they claimed that along with Tankosič, who was for
certain a Mason and an organizer, were Čabrinovič and probably Trifko Grabež.
The usefulness of accusing Masonry fot the assassination was best seen when France
capitulated in 1940. Then, Freemasons were no longer those who ordered the assassination,
but were responsible for moving to England, and being on the opposite side of Germany,
once again, in the World War that was taking place.
170
The other side, that had denied Masonic influence on the organization of the assas-
sination, did not keep quiet. During the public disputes, many Freemasons and even histori-
ans answered as individuals, that they were involved in certain ways in the preparations of
the assassination, or that they were members of various national and revolutionary organi-
zations before the assassination. The Grand Lodge „Yugoslavia” had on severan occasions,
in the same time between the two wars, given its official stand.
In the writings of one of these authors, who claimed that Tankosić and Tartalja were
Freemasons, a large omission was made. Namely, fourteen years after the assassination,
that is in 1928, Tartalja claimed that Vojislav Tankosić and Ljuba Jovanović told him that
they were Masons in a Lodge in Belgrade before the forming of „Ujedinjenje ili Smrt” orga-
nization in 1911. Tartalja claimed to be himself a Member of the „Ujedinjenje ili Smrt” or-
ganization. According to authentic sources that the writer of these lines was able to acquire,
Tartalja is mentioned as a Freemason for the first time in the Zagreb Lodge „Maksimilijan
Vrhovac” in 1918, until his expulsion in 1928. So, if Tankosić and Ljuba Jovanović were
Masons (the latter was for certain), then they could not discuss their Membership with the
profane (non-Member) Tartalja because they were bound to this by the Masonic Constitu-
tion. On the other hand, Tartalja had publicly declared himself a Freemason, something that
he could have done under certain circumstances, but never revealing fellow Brethren. Since
the official stand of the Grand Lodge regarding the Sarajevo assassination was known (de-
nying all involvement), the question that arises is: on whose behalf Tartalja had at that time
chosen to be a Member of Lodges that separated themselves from the „Unitarian” Grand
Lodge „Yugoslavia”. As one document shows, they represented the „Croatian state rights”.
Because it would not be possible to mention here all the involvement of Masonry in
the Sarajevo assassination, and since such claims would require substantial proof and docu-
mentation, we will mention only a few.
Serbian Masonry, after the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908, was not con-
nected with the French Masonry by Svetomir Nikolajević, as Ludendorf had incorrectly
claimed, but by the French consul in Belgrade Leon Decaux. Vasa U. Jovanović, and sev-
eral other Members of the Lodge „Ujedinjenje” and later of the „Ujedinjenje ili Smrt” or-
ganization, were the Serbian Members who played the most important role in this. Sreten
Stojković, a mathematics professor and Freemason writer, had sponsored Vasa U. Jovanović
entry to the Lodge „Pobratim”. At that time, he had been a secretary in the Ministry of
Trade. Vasa U. Jovanović according to Masonic documentation, was born on December
29th 1867. He was announced for acceptance to Masonry on March 13th 1900 and his ad-
mission was decided on March 26th, the same day he was ritually initiated. He rose to the
second degree on October 19th 1901 and to the third on October 20th 1902. He received
regular leave order to transfer to a French Lodge.
Vasa U. Jovanović, along with Milorad Đorđević, Luka Ćelović, Nikola Spasić, Ljuba
Kovačević and Žika Rafajlović was, since the end of 1902, and till the end of 1904 a part
of the chetnik leadership. After this the „managing of chetnik activities was taken over by
government and other public institutions, as shown by the archives of the Serbian govern-
ment. First there was the Central Board, made up of political men, and then the Main Board,
which was in fact a consular section of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs”.
171
Vasa U. Jovanovič formally returned to the „Pobratim” Lodge in 1908. In 1909, he became
Master of the Lodge „Ujedinjenje”, that had set as its goal „to develop Serbian nationalism
by spreading French ideas and cultural and business ties” and „on the national level, to
unite with the Croatian Masonry that had also at that time wished to separate itself from
the Hungarian”. Members of the Lodge „Ujedinjenje” included: the „individualist” Ljuba
Stojanovič, the „radical” Kosta Stojanovič, Belgian and Frenchmen Decaux, Dubidoux,
Pichard, De la Motte, Mayet-Bicers, Vaillot, Ricailleux... some of these „became active
Members of our Lodge, while others, because of their very distinguished position in Bel-
grade, powerful adversaries.”
The journalist Ljubomir S. Jovanovič - Čupa, was born in 1887. He read law in
Belgrade. As a young man he was very combative and active. As a chetnik he went to
Macedonia to fight. After graduating, he went abroad and spent a lot of time there, mainly
in Brussels. In agreement with other people, with whom he had been preparing a secret
organization „for the freeing of Yugoslavia”, he was admitted to Masonry. Although he
had nothing in common with Masonic ideas, he joined them in order to study their orga-
nizational techniques and methods of conspiratorial work. Especially in France and Italy,
Jovanovič was acquainted with secret associations. Upon his return to Serbia, he took part
in the forming of the secret organization „Ujedinjenje ili Smrt” anc became the chief editor
of the „Piemont” newspaper.
Borivoj Neškovič made further remarks while writing to Ljuba Jovanovič, about the
forming of groups inside „Ujedinjenje ili Smrt” and the admittance of members who were
Freemasons.
A system in the forming of groups in the organization „Ujedinjenje ili Smrt” is evi-
dent. With regards to the membership of Branko Božovič, Milivoje A. Jovanovič, Bogoljub
Vučičevič and Dimitrije Mijalkovič to both the Belgrade Lodges „Ujedinjenje” or „Pobra-
tim” and to different branches of the „Ujedinjenje ili Smrt”, we can conclude that these
branches were at the same time Masonic.
The newspaper „Piemont” was under the editorialship of Ljuba Jovanovič. It is not
surprising though, that most of the advertisements on the last page were paid for by Mem-
bers of the Lodges „Pobratim” and „Šumadija”.
From these facts one can see the almost unbelievable coincidence that the Members
of two organizations, the Freemasons Lodge „Ujedinjenje” (est. 1911) and the secret orga-
nization „Ujedinjenje ili Smrt” (est. 1911) had the same name.
Even before the French emissary Decaux tried to establish contacts with Freemasons
in Croatia through the Lodge „Ujedinjenje”, there were many such failed attempts by Hun-
garian Masonry during 1906 and 1907.
Smarter for the previous experience, Decaux asked for extreme caution in establishing
contacts with the Members of the „Ljubav Bližnjeg” Lodge. Emil Demetrovic’s letter, sent on
the 9th of May 1906 from Zagreb to Jova Aleksijevič tells of these and other failed attempts.
„... Our primary concern and only worry now is to pull our strength together. This
itself is the cause of many misfortunes and the reason why we do not choose our Members
as strictly as we should. That is how we accepted the Jew Rudolf Mozinger, who is a good
and honorable man but is not for us. Regarding that, I hear that you have also made a mis-
172
take accepting the Jew Hozović, by which you took a good weapon from my hand. I can no
longer point to you as to the God who saved us from the Jewish invasion. Now everything
has gone beyond the point of return. Soon, you shall also drop to our level, unable to defend
yourselves, and speak up of what is troubling all of us South Slavs, afraid of treason...”
It is interesting to note the Demetrovic’s letter was typed and signed in cyrillic, A note on
the back of the letter says that it was „read on May 15th 1906 and acknowledged; that is
Brother Aleksijević had answered it as he was expected to”.
There is evidence of the disagreement between the Lodges „Pobratim”, „Ujedin-
jenje” and „Šumadija”, the latter established in 1910 under the protection of the Symbolic
Habsburg Lodge. Nevertheless, the Master of the Lodge „Ujedinjenje”, Vasa U. Jovanović,
was at the same time a Member of the „Patriotic board” of the Lodge „Pobratim” together
with Masons from the other two Lodges.
Further evidence that a large number of Masons were in the organization „Ujedin-
jenje ili Smrt” and that they were secretly tied with some foreign Masonry, is given in the
31st edition of the „Piemont” in 1913. It included a letter from a Belgian Mason:
„Do not indulge yourself into sweet illusion. I am aware that it is a large task; but if man
is not allowed to celebrate too early, he can at least with trustworthiness look up to the
future. On the one hand with trustworthiness look up to the future. On the one hand are
your triumphs; but at the same time, on the other is the disgusting bondage that grows more
unbearable every day, and will do more for the liberation of Slav provinces that find them-
selves under... government, then ten years of propaganda. I will speak no more of this, since
the details are well known today”.
The secret Tsarist Russia police and the Russian ambassador in Belgrade Hartvig,
Artamonov and Standman, were also accused of being involved in the Sarajevo assassina-
tion. There is no proof that any of these three men were Masons.
In Nikola Hartvig’s family though, one hundred years before his stay in Belgrade,
there were several Masons among which Jovan Hartvig, Member of the Lodge „Pierre a la
Verite” (1818-19) and Ferdinand J. Hartvig, Member of the same Lodge. It is evident that the
tradition that sons of Freemasons became Masons themselves, was a regular occurrence.
Otto von Standman, whose descendant was Vasilije N. Standman, was also a Member of
the Lodge „Pierre a la Verite”.
„Until 1904, Ohrana section for the Balkans was in Vienna. In that year it was
discovered that its chief, Aleksandar Vajsman was a foreign agent. The Balkan Agency, as
Ohrana s branch for the Balkans was called, was disbanded. In its files Jovan Djaja, resident
of Belgrade and one of the leading radicals is listed as an agent...” Jovan Djaja was a Free-
mason in close contact with Vasa V Jovanović.
To write about these and other Masonic connections with the organization „Ujedin-
jenje ili Smrt”, about the preparations for the assassination, the question of Nikola Pašić s
relationship with the Serbian government, the „Black Hand” and Masons, Hungarians and
Bulgarians in Serbian Lodges etc., a lot more space would be necessary. In short, it most be
pointed out that Freemasons were not only collaborators in the preparation of the Sarajevo
assassination, but that the French Masonry was the backbone of these preparations. They
were not the only ones though...
173
SERBIAN FREEMASONS IN WORLD WAR I (1914-1918)
Among the many political and other factors that influenced the unification and the
forming of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians, Freemasonry had its definite and
meaningful role. It took many different shapes, while its international dimension was the
most important one.
The Serbian Freemasons, who found themselves outside the borders after the suf-
fering of the Serbian army and people during their retreat through Albania, came into
contact with the Freemasons of Greece and France. These connections provided them
with necessary French press coverate, that published their motives and reasons for the
need of the liberation and unification of Slavs in the Balkans. It also provided them with
the beneficial Masonic influence on French policy, which could only ease Serbia s posi-
tion, after the triumph of the Entente forces, which Serbian Masons believed in. Serbian
Freemasons gave several lectures in Freemasons Lodges in France, England, Switzer-
land, United States and Italy.
The Grand Master of the Grand Council of Serbia
„organized a grand Council in Marseille... He gathered Brethren, and sent them to the
struggle for our national rights. Brother Miša Cuknič to London, Dušan Miličevič to Paris,
Damjan Brankovič, Jova Aleksijevič and Perą Arandelovič to Geneva, Milan Antonovič to
Zurich, Hinko Hinkovič and later Milan Marjanovič to the United States. Manojlo Klidis,
Miša Jankovič and as secretary of the grand council, you, Brother Šreplovič Petar are to
stay in Marseille”.
Even before the retreat of the Serbian army, Freemasons showed that even war ene-
mies and conditions did not pose boundaries to their activities. Over the tiem somewhat for-
gotten, but well known, was the persecution „of Yugoslavs by the Austro-Hungarian army
and civil authorities throughout the Monarchy”. Especially affected by this were Serbians
in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Indirectly, through german Freemasons, Serbian Masons were able
to soften a little these drastic measures.
As one of those who had felt these methods of Austro-Hungarian persecution in
Bosnia-Herzegovina during the war, Dr. Srdjan Budisavljevic wrote:
„... the most awful and massive persecutions took place. Just before the war, and after
Austria s ultimatum to Serbia, several thousand Serbs in cities and villages were arrested...
Without any reason many people were taken hostages and murdered. Thousands and thou-
sands of people from Bosnia-Herzegovina were interned at the beginning of the war... and
were taken to Arad... At first in a day, two, three people died but soon the number grew to
over fifty... Out of the four hundred children that were brought to the camp with their moth-
ers some forty survived... Many were given hasty army trials. The proceedings were very
short. Almost all verdicts were the death penalty...” Budisavljevic notes that „from Novem-
ber 1915 till April 1916 in Banja Luka Vasa Gratic and 156 other people were put to trial for
grand treason. Out of the number of accused, 16 were given death penalties (which were not
carried out) and 105 were senteced to prison terms of up to twenty years”.
Bogoljub Vučičevič, Member of the Lodge „Ujedinjenje” wrote of Masonic influence
in preventing the carrying out of the death penalty:
174
„The verdict in Banja Luka was written in blood... All attempts with the authorities
to pardon these man were unsuccessful”. What can be done? There is but one way left to
try to save the convicted: through our Masonic organizations. Our Legation from Paris
confided in you, Brother Vašo M. Jovanovič, as the Master of the Lodge „Ujedinjenje” to
tackle this matter. And it was not mistaken. With your established connections and your
work in the Grand Orient in Paris, You have for this holy mission already won over Brother
Debier, the doyen of the Medical University in Lille and senator of the northern department
who is already at this time occupied by Germans. For this purpose, under the presidency
of Brother Debier and your vice-presidency Brother Vaso, a magnificent manifestation has
been organized in the Grand Orient, for the accused. An appeal has been made to all Lodg-
es, especially through the Swiss to the German Masons, to help pardon the accused from
Banja Luka. As is known, they were successful. Vasilj Gratić, Dr. Voja Besarović, kosta
Krajšumanović, Voja Panic and so many others, convicted in the proceedings, alive today,
are the most obvious evidence of our successful manifestation”.
On the sad occasion of the lifetime Honorary Grand Master of The Grand Lodge
„Yugoslavia” Djordje Vajferfs death, a Freemason Antonije Šokorac on March 26, 1937
noted
„that while our brave army was winning victory after victory... substantial financial
support of the Masonry in Belgrade, enabled during the entire winter, every day in this
Lodge, free bread for poor and unemployed folks, helpless elders and little children. Over
60,000 loafs of bread were given out to the poor when this was most needed.” Šokorac also
spoke of „Vajferfs role as the head of the Grand Council of Serbia, along with other Breth-
ren, in developing an untiring and lively activity among the emigrants. This action was
twofold. On the one hand it was centered on collecting contributions around the world for
helping the enslaved people in Serbia, who were living through very difficult time”.
Another Freemason of the 33rd degree and member of the Grand Council Mi-
lan Antonović „had even opened and financed a hospital with some 15 beds in his own
house”.
As far as Masonry activities go, the situation in Croatia was somewhat different.
The Lodges from Zagreb, especially the Lodge „Ljubav Bližnjeg”, during the war, oriented
itself to humanitarian activities particularly in helping the war-striken poor. A historian of
this Lodge, nob. Ivan Bojničić, recorded that the Lodge distributed over a hundred liters
of milk a day”. The same author wrote that this Lodge on December 23, 1916 held a „grief
meeting” to commemorate the death of our ruler His Imperial and apostolic royal Majesty
Franz Joseph II”.
Masons from Serbia and other Yugoslav parts in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy,
at first glance, operated from two different centers. One was the Grand Council of Serbia
situated since 1915 in Marseille, under which were the activities of the Lodge „Ujedinjenje”
that operated under the protectorate of the „Grand Orient of France”. The other center
of Masonic activities, that at least one surface appeared to coincide with the activities of
the Grand Council and the Lodge „Ujedinjenje” was the Yugoslav Board „whose more
prominent Members including Trumbić, were Masons”. Nikola Stojanovič, Pavle Popovič,
Veljko Petrovič, Milan Srškič, Božidar Maksimovič, Dušan Vasilijevič, Ante Mandič, Jovo
175
Banjanin, Hinko Hinkovič, Franko Potočnjak, Milan Marjanovič, Ivan Meštrović, Dinko
Trinajstič, Bogoljub Vošnjak, Niko Župani, Mihajlo Pupin... were also Masons. The com-
promise between these two streams that worked on their unification is best seen in the
Corfu Declaration.
In his essay „The Yugoslav question during World War I” (1960), Miroslav Krleža,
acknowledging the Masonic structure of the Yugoslav Board, wrote of the 1917 Corfu Dec-
laration the following:
„Pasic, along with the Holy Synod is convinced that the mixing with the Austrian
Latins, in a multiple-type union, based on self-determination can become fatal for their
reactionary scheme. All that he believes in, repeating constantly the phrase ’the humiliation
of Serbia and his discussions on hegemony and self-determination seem to be only perfidi-
ous traps in his plan. In panic, due to the appearance of Russian democracy, Protič consid-
ers Miljukov the bogeyman of republicanism. Protič fears that liberals like Miljukov will
take over the Masons and liberal advocates, connected with the Yugoslav Board...”
The Grand Council of Serbia had at the time „in accordance with His Majesty s Gov-
ernment, ideologically and politically collaborated on the forming of a unified nation of
Serbs, Croats and Slovenians. By 1915, during his stay in Thessaloniki, Vasa U. Jovanovič,
along with other Members of the Lodge Ujedinjenje , worked on the same idea.”
Of their activities Brother Bogoljub Vučičevič said the following:
„Through your established connections with Brother Le Coq, who is the head of the
mission Like in Thessaloniki, you, brother Vaso, are succeeding in employing many of our
refugees, thereby providing them with an existence... Aside from that, on behalf of your
intervention, Brother Le Coq has admitted to the Thessaloniki boarding school many of our
children, who when deprived of their homeland and its blessings found a worm welcome in
a foreign country. Trough Brother Le Coq, you came into contact with prominent persons
in Masonry and the most eminent political men of France, who were in the French oriental
army expedition. These acquaintances have proven to be very fruitful.”
The collaboration of the government and Serbian Freemasons was regulated in the
document „The Tasks of the Serbian Masonry”. Its tenth article reads: „All that needs to be
done to achieve an agreement between His Majesty s government through our delegate...”
Although not signed, the agreement was written by the hand of Jova Aleksijevic, while its
author was evidently close to Pasic, because it contains outlined tasks for Freemasons and
the profane.
The Serbian Prime Minister Nikola Pasic was well aware of the importance of
Masonry with regards to our allies. Since 1881, he was therefore in constant contact with
them through Vajfert, Jovanovič and other Freemasons. His wish was to have govern-
ment administrators, officials and diplomats to become Members primarily of the French
Lodges. Among others Miroslav Spalajkovič, Boško Čolak-Antič, Marko Trifkovič,
Vojislav Marinkovič, Živojin Balugdžič, Momčilo Ninčič and Mihajlo Gavrilovič became
Freemasons.
On the other side, „when Serbian and Croatian Freemasons decided to take up the
question of the forming of a Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian nation, with France and other
ally countries, the first meeting was held in the late Dr. Sava Petrovic s apartment. Since we
176
had previously decided on the form of unification the new nation would take, with regards
to the later date St. Vitus Day Constitution made it our task to open the gates of the French
Lodges.”
This meeting was attended by the author of preceding lines Damjan Branković, as
well as by Sava Petrović, Hinko Hinković, Miloš Cukić and Stanoje Mihajlović. After the
meeting, according to the Freemason and Member of the Yugoslav Board Frank Potocnjak,
the Grand Orient of France designated the Lodge „Fraternite des Peuples” for the discus-
sion on the possibility of forming a nation of Serbs and Croats. On May 2nd 1916, Hinko
Hinković held a lecture, after which „under the wing of the Grand Orient, a resolution in
its entirety accepted our national political problem. It was announced to all the Lodges in
France”. At the time of these meetings Edvard Beneš was also present.
It is important to note that Dr. Sava Petrović, who had been accepted to the Lodge
„Pobratim” was living in France, married to the daughter of a very eminent Freemason and
was therefore in constant contact with the Freemasons in France.
These activities inside the French Lodges particularly worried the Italian Freema-
sons because of their aspirations toward Dalmatia. This has been the subject of bargaining
with the Allies, before their joining the Entente forces. On June 6th 1914, The Grand Ori-
ent of Italy „had announced a resolution which outlines the need for intervention, under
the condition that the government and people decide when to enter the war ” When Italian
Masons realized where The Grand Orient of France’s support was, in regard to the future of
the Serbian Croatian people after the War was headed, they sprang into counteraction.
They began their counteraction in the same Lodge on August 1st 1916. Aside „from
the large campaigns they undertook through foreign allied press and diplomacy, their ac-
tivities were also present in Masonic Lodges throughout France, England and the United
States. They hoped to solve the question of Rijeka for their benefit”.
Vasa U. Jovanović had once again played an important role opposite the Italianized
Dalmatian Dudan, making several speeches, informing thoroughly and winning over the
French Masons and politicians, „men of the profane world who had regularly been present
as guests at these lectures due to their importance”.
Jovanović’s published booklet against Dudan’s „The Yugoslav Question” was adopted
and discussed in all the 480 Lodges under the Grand Orient of France.
In the archives of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, there is a letter from the
Lodge „Ujedinjenje” signed by its Master, Jovanović, addressed to all Masonic Grand
Lodges of the allied countries, explaining the goals of the forming of a united country of
Serbs, Croats and Slovenians. This letter dated November 8th 1916, had significant influ-
ence, and provided support for the unification of the Slav nations in the Balkans.
While the delegates of the Yugoslav Board and the Serbian government were nego-
tiating on Corfu, Freemasons held a Congress in Paris, in June 1917. They adopted several
resolutions that were of great importance in the peace negotiations after the war.
A big effort was made in forming these resolutions by the Grand Master of the Grand
Lodge of France, general Pennier and the Member of the Grand Council of the Grand Ori-
ent of France and the proposer of the resolution Andre Lebeil. This commission adopted the
thesis represented by the Serbian Masons Jovanović, Ilić and Milićević.
177
Since the main framework of the Masonic Congress of allied and neutral countries
was publicly known, it caused many protests among the embittered Italian Masons and the
general public. This affair resulted in the resigning of the Grand Master of the Grad Orient
of Italy, Ferrari.
The Italo-Serbian dispute about their rights ove Dalmatia continued to be quite ac-
tive in the French Lodges. The Lodge „Ujedinjenje” published again in 1917 in France and
in 1918 in Zagreb a pamphlet on the creation of a united Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian
nation. The main thesis of this document was that the „Croats and Serbs are a race very
intermingled”, and that they would know how to stand up to the false separation. As far as
the Italian plan is concerned, the following was said:
„that they wish to create an independent Croatia, thereby revealing the true plan of
the Italian imperialists... Italian imperialists evidently hoped to take advantage of the fight
between Serbia and Croatia, that would be inevitable, should Croatia become independent;
the question of who would acquire Dalmatia... because of this, the Italians want an indepen-
dent Croatia amputated by Italy at the expense of Serbia”.
The entry of the United States into the war in 1917, the February and October Revolu-
tions in Russia, the development on the fronts of allies French and English armies, marked
the last year of the war. Through the Wilson s 14 Points and particularly their amendments,
which signified the breakdown of the Monarchy, the nations under the Austro-Hungarian
rule gained their independence. Along with the English recognition of the Czechoslova-
kian National Council these were the results of Freemasonic activities, namely Brethren
Masaryk and Beneš.
The Corfu Declaration was signed in the meantime. Throughout the political discus-
sions among the emigrants, between Pasic’s concept of the Serbian government on one hand
and the Yugoslav Board on the other, Freemasons among Serbian politicians were on the
side of the Yugoslav Board. Due to the Serbian government’s dependance on the allies and
the concentric pressure of a group of eminent British politicians, Pasic was forced to seek
support among Freemasons. While the opposition tied itself to the British Masonry and
British political influence in general, Pašič, especially after Russia’s withdrawal from the
alliance, oriented himself toward French politics and the French Masonry. As it has already
been stated, a number of politicians close to Pasic, entered Lodges.
Because of this, „in regard to unification, the French idea, backed by the Grand Orient,
overwhelmed the others.” Nikola Pasic was able to impose the solutions indicated by the Corfu
Declaration. In the conflicting interests of three political factors that worked on the unification,
the Serbian government, the Yugoslav Board and the National Council in Zagreb, Freemasons
once again, through their maneuvers, directions and instructions from abroad (that correspond-
ed to certain politicians responsible for making decisions in the name of the people, about the
unification) influenced the proclamation of the unification on December 1st 1918.
Negotiators on Corfu, on behalf of the Yugoslav Board were Ante Trumbič, Hinko
Hinkovič, Dušan Vasilijevič, Bogumil Vošnjak, Frano Potočnjak and Dinko Trinajstič. The
Serbian government was represented by Nikola Pašič as Prime Ministar, and most of the
cabinet: M. Ninčič, Lj. Davidovič, M. Djuričič, V. Marinkovič, M. Draskovic; and after
some changes in the government: V. Jovanovič, M. Trifunovič and S. Protič.
178
That the Corfu declaration was actually a compromise of the Yugoslav people’s bour-
geoisie, has long been proved by our historiography. Serbian government lost less by mutual
concessions. It did not recognize the Yugoslav Board as an equal participant in the process
of unification.
The acceptance of the idea of unification among political representatives within the
Monarchy, was achieved by the activities of the group surrounding the „Glas SHS” („The
Voice of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians”) that was since 1918 led by Masons
Rudolf Giunio, Ivo Krstelj, Gregor Žerjav, Srdjan Budisavljevič, Hinko Križman, Prvislav
Grizogono and Roko Jokovič.
Most of them were Members of the Lodges from Zagreb. Of Roko Jokovic’s influ-
ence and meaning of his Sanatorium, Ferdo Šišič wrote that
„during the war it was a center of revolutionary national propaganda. It was a meet-
ing point of Mason nationalists and politicians. Almost all activities that took place during
the war, for the liberation and unification of our people, came from the Sanatorium under
the direction of Brother Jokovič. It was a place of refuge for many people persecuted by
foreign government, and political offenders that the authorities wished to intern. Many of
the politically accused senteced to serve in the first lines on the battlefield and therefore to
certain death, were saved in the Sanatorium by deceased Brother Jokovič. Also saved were
many of those who didn t have the heart to lift their weapons against their brothers by blood
and language”.
Šišič pointed out that „contributions for leading revolutionary propaganda, arrived at
the Sanatorium. He would send people outside Austrian borders to work on the liberation
and unification of the people. Among others Milan Marjanovič and dr. Fran Bare were sent
to Switzerland. It was also a place of decision for the nationalists’ press, which was sup-
posed to prepare the people for unification. Thanks to the Sanatorium s initiative and to the
contributions gathered there, the following publications appeared: „Glas SHS” in Zagreb,
„Novo doba” („The New Age”) in Split and „Riječki novi list” („Rijeka’s New Yournal”).
A meeting of all our delegates was organized to decide about the Yugoslav representatives
would take, in the emperor’s council in Vienna on its opening on May 31st 1917. This was
the prelude to the unification.
It should be added that Masons in Zagreb were almost all the most eminent leaders
in the Serbo-Croat Coalition: Ivan Ribar, Edo Lukinič, Dušan Popovič, Svetozar Pribičevič,
Živko Petričič, Grga Andjelinovič and the president of Starcevic s Party of Rights, the dentist
Ante Pavelič. They unreservedly represented the idea of unification of Serbs, Croats and Slo-
venians. Mate Drinkovič testified in favor to this, in a speech on May 1st 1918 at an assembly
of the social-democrats in Zagreb and on behalf of the group around the „Voice of SHS”:
„We, the Yugoslav Independent Democrats, came on this festive occasion to this as-
sembly, to offer you and our entire nation the political right, and to conclude a long lasting
and firm agreement on the realization of a unified and sovereign state of Serbs, Croats and
Slovenians... Let your red flag honorably and proudly wave next to the flag of the Serbian,
Croatian and Slovenian peoples’.”
Immediately following the signing of the Corfu Declaration, which among other
things meant the acceptance of the Karadjordjevič dynasty as the ruling house by the Yu-
179
goslav Board, it was necessary to organize the propaganda and publicity of „the program
accepted by the Corfu Declaration”. With such a message from Rudolf Giunio, Ante Tresic-
Pavičič arrived from Prague in August 1917 presenting it to Srdjan Budisavljevic. In realiz-
ing the message from Prague, the most immediate actions were udertaken by Budisavljevic,
Viktor Ruži, a merchant from Rijeka and Roko Jovanovič who gathered the sum of 250,000
crowns, in the way Šišič had described. The paper „Voice of SHS” began editing on January
1st 1918. All those who accepted unification defined by this program could be found around
the paper.
In the negotiations concerning the Serbo-Croatian entry to the National Council,
Freemasons, at the suggestion of Mata Drinkovič, once again formed an intermediary
board to negotiate with the Coalition, that included Freemasons Drinkovič, Živko Petričič,
Vitomir Korač, Srdjan Budisavljevic, Leginja, Korošac and Sunarič. Večeslav Vilder and
Svetozar Pribičevič, Freemasons, and Herljanovič negotiated on behalf of the Coalition.
Their efforts proved fertile, and representatives of the Serbo-Croatian Coalition en-
tered the constituted National Council. Soon it had announced the sovereignty of the Slo-
venian, Croatian and Serbian Nation, formally breaking off with the Austro-Hungarian
Monarchy.
These political events were characterized by quick decisions and moves. The inter-
national situation forced these rushed activities, while internal circumstances did not allow
any stalling. In Geneva on October 9th 1918, Nikola Pasic as Serbian Prime Minister, Anton
Korošac as president of the National Council and Ante Trumbič as a representative of the
Yugoslav Board signed the Geneva Declaration, the act of unification.
The revolutionary events that were taking place in Russia and Hungary spread to
the former parts of the Dual Monarchy. The army rebelled, while a large number of „green
cadres” roamed the country. In such a situation, an important role was played by the del-
egates of the Serbian government in Zagreb, Momčilo Ninčič and colonel Dušan Simovič.
In agreement with Svetozar Pribičevič, they were able to turn around the future flow of
events. Chosen delegates of the National Council arrived to Belgrade, and on December 1st
1918 in the Krsmanovič palace on Terazije, Ante Pavelič, on behalf of the delegates read
the address, answered by the regent Aleksandar Karadjordjevič, in which „on behalf of
His Majesty the king Petar I” he declared the unification of Serbia „with the nations of the
independent state of Slovenians, Croats and Serbs, into a united Monarchy of Serbs, Croats
and Slovenians”.
This was the formal act of unification, founded on a unitaristic base with the
Karadjordjevič dynasty as the ruling house. Prior to this were the decisions to annex Vojvo-
dina to Serbia, and unite Montenegro with Serbia.
The fiery unraveling of events in Zagreb, and their determination for unification can-
not be completely understood without taking into consideration Freemason activities. Aside
from the national aspirations, the longstanding activities, primarily among intellectuals, on
the bringing together Serbs and Croats, the contributions of the Yugoslav oriented younger
generation, the outcome of World War I, and in many other significant factors, Freemasonry
was a link between the international Masonic circles and those inside the country. From the
many names already mentioned that worked on the unification, including a large number of
180
Freemason delegates in the National Council, one can in a symbolic way show the reality of
the historic December 1st 1918. It is a result of the effort, compromise and solutions offered
primarily by the top of the Serbo-Croatian bourgeoisie, with strong Masonic elements that
influenced the shape of events. Because of that the unification was made in the interests of
the very powerful and organized elite of the bourgeoisie.
The Freemason factor, during the lasting of the Serbs , Croats’ and Slovenians’ Mon-
archy, which accordingly became the Yugoslav Monarchy, was always in the center of po-
litical events, negotiations, opposition, dictatorship, agreements... It is not an unimportant
fact that in all the governments between the two wars, no matter what political coalition
they represented, there ware always several Masons as ministers and even Prime Ministers.
The bourgeois elite had tried through Freemasons as well to achieve the optimal solutions.
After several conferences, a formal unification of Serbian and Croatian Masons was an-
nounced on June 9th 1919 in Zagreb. The new Grand Lodge was named The Grand Lodge
of the Serbs’, Croats and Slovenians Monarchy, „Yugoslavia”. Djordje Vajfert was nomi-
nated Grand Master and Adolf Mihalić his Deputy.
Under the Grand Lodge were the Lodges „Pobratim”, „Šumadija”, „Sloga, Rad i
Postojanstvo” from Belgrade, „Kosovo” from Skopje,” Budnost” from Osijek, and „Mak-
similijan Vrhovac” and „Ivan grof Draskovic” from Zagreb. The suspension of the Lodge
„Ljubav Bližnjeg” and „Matica loža Ljubavi Bližnjeg”, allegedly out of Masonic constitu-
tion, was the cause of constant confrontations between Yugoslav and Croatian oriented
Masons.
181
UMESTO POGOVORA
Ove, 2012. godine, od marta do oktobra, navršava se sto godina od presudnih
događaja za istoriju ne samo srpskog naroda i njegove države.
Na političko-vojnom planu 1912. godine, od potpisivanja srpsko-bugarskog saveza
(13. marta), bugarsko-grčkog saveza (29. maja), srpsko-crnogorske vojne i političke kon-
vencije (27. septembra), preko objave rata Crne Gore Turskoj (8. oktobra), objave rata Srbije
i Bugarske istom neprijatelju (17. oktobra) i, konačno, objave rata Grčke Turskoj (19. okto-
bra), čime je započeo kratkotrajni ali značajan po rezultatima Prvi balkanski rat, istorijski
procesi oslobađanja srpskog naroda i zaokruživanja njegove teritorijalne celovitosti, koji
su započeti još 1804. godine, završena je jedna duga faza odricanja i borbi na društvenom,
političkom, diplomatskom i vojnom planu.
Svi ti procesi, događaji, ratovi, njihovi brojni učesnici i ogromne ljudske žrtve bili
su uvod u novo državno, političko i vojno prekomponovanje političke karte Evrope koja
je ispisana Berlinskim kongresom (1878) i granicama tada iscrtanim na način kako su i
tada, kao i danas, oni koji jesu, velike sile smatrale potrebnim i mogućim u međusobnim
nadgornjavanjima i kompromisima.
Srpska istorijska, društvena, politička i duhovna vertikala nije ni tada, niti to može
biti i danas, u geo-političkom i Straškom smislu, usmerena samo ka jugu, ali su sve nave-
dene stogodišnjice procesa, događaja i aktera deo tog pravca zaokruživanja srpskog pitanja,
koje je i posle relativno uspešno završenoga Prvog Balkanskog rata i za Srbiju, kroz čitav
naredni vek, do naših dana, srpsko pitanje vratile u „začarani“ krug granica iscrtanih na
Berlinskom kongresu 1878. godine.Voljom onih koji jesu, ili misle da su, velike sile i njihovi
interesi.
Još dva datuma, kao slike za tren zaustavljenih procesa, ove godine navršavaju svoje
stogodišnjice. 10. maja 1912. godine formirana je po prvi put samostalna, u slobodnozi-
darskom smislu, Velika Loža Srbije, a 18. juna, te iste 1912. prestavio se Bogu i Milovan
Milovanovič, jedan od upornih i veštih srpskih nacionalnih radnika, političara i diplomata,
čiji je udeo u pripremama saveza balkanskih hrišćanskih naroda i država bio nezaobilazan
i značajan. I Milovanovič je bio slobodni zidar, kao i niz drugih, istorijskih ličnosti iz srp-
skog nacionalnog korpusa, koji su čitav vek pre njega bili u istoj nacionalno-oslobodičako-
prosvetiteljskoj misiji.
Ova knjiga je pokušaj predstavljanja samo delića za još uvek nezavršeni mozaik
aktivnog učešća i nezaobilaznog doprinosa srpskih slobodnih zidara u vekovnoj borbi za
emancipaciju sopstvenog, srpskog naroda, za njegovo društveno, socijalno, građansko i
humanističko oslobođenje i prosvećivanje, što i jesu principi slobodnog zidarstva.
Odužujući se na skroman način brojnim srpskim slobodnim zidarima za njihova is-
trajna delanja i Velikoj Loži Srbije, osnovanoj 1912. godine, a povodom njene stogodišnjice,
autor to čini u svoje ime, ali i u ime Velike Lože starih i prihvaćenih slobodnih zidara Srbije,
koja je stvarni i jedini masonski, i svaki drugi, sledbenik reaktivirane Velike Lože „Jugo-
slavija“ (1990), a koja je, opet, sledbenik i nastavljač iste te Velike Lože samouspavane av-
gusta 1940. godine, koje ne bi ni bilo da nije Velika Loža Srbije u novoj državi (Kraljevini
SHS) u tu novu organizaciju 1919. godine unela svoj masonski identitet, članstvo i delanje.
183
Tim i takvim naporima bio je podstaknut i ovaj autor, dajući svoj skromni doprinos
razumevanju onoga stoje bilo, a bilo je i veličanstvenih stremljenja i ostvarenja, a onda se
ciklično, usled volje interesa drugih i naših nacionalnih lutanja i nerazumevanja, dolazilo
do bespuća, besmisla i kolektivne apatije i beznadežnosti. A to nam se to događa već neko-
liko decenija.
U naizgled smutnim i beznadežnim vremenima, preispitivanje sopstvene prošlosti u
zamršenim istorijskim tokovima i okolnostima i razumevanje procesa koji su u toku, samo
su deo mogućnosti, ali i obaveza svakoga koji sebe smatra mislećom osobom, svesnom
sopstvenih ograničenja da, ne samo svešću, već i delima opravda svoje gostovanje na zem-
lji. Istorijsko-duhovne vertikale, kada su prepoznate, neminovno iziskuju organizováno i
planirano delanje i odricanje, ali i veru u ishode koji će i budućim generacijama stvoriti
uslove za njihovo puno ostvarenje.
Iza svakoga ostaju dela, a ne želje i misli.
U Beogradu, 21. aprila 2012. godine
(Napomena - Osim dela koja su neposredno navedena u testu ove knjige, autor je
koristio i druga dela, kao i materijale pohranjene u raznim arhivama. Iscrpna bibliografija
izvora i literature štampani su u delu istog autora - Masoni 1717-2010, tom I - II, Beograd,
2010.; tom II, odeljak: Izvori i literatura, s. 559 -608).
184
SADRŽAJ
1. MASONI KOD SRBA U 18. VEKU...................................3
2. PRVI SRPSKI USTANAK I SLOBODNI ZIDARI........................14
3. LOŽA „ALI KOČ“ (BEOGRAD), USTAVOBRANITELJI I „NAČERTANIJE“...25
4. KNEZ MIHAILO OBRENOVIĆ I SLOBODNI ZIDARI.....................36
5. LOŽA „SVETLOST BALKANA”, BEOGRAD (1876-1882).................45
6. LOŽA „SRPSKA ZADRUGA”, BEOGRAD (1881-1882)...................50
7. LOŽA „SLOGA, RAD I POSTOJANSTVO”
BEOGRAD (1883-1940)......................................51
8. LOŽA „POBRATIM”, BEOGRAD (1890-1940).........................52
9. LOŽA „NEMANJA“, NIŠ (1892)..................................63
10. MAJSKI PREVRAT 1903.1 SLOBODNI ZIDARI......................64
11. BUĐENJE LOŽE „POBRATIM”, BEOGRAD (1904)....................76
12. LOŽA „UJEDINJENJE”, BEOGRAD (1909).........................77
13. LOŽA „ŠUMADIJA”, BEOGRAD (1910)............................83
14. LOŽA „SLOGA, RAD I POSTOJANSTVO”, BEOGRAD (1912)...........86
15. ANEKSIJA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE 1908..........................87
16. PITANJE STARE I JUŽNE SRBIJE, BALKANSKI RATOVI I
SLOBODNI ZIDARI...........................................103
17. SAMOSTALNOST SRPSKOG SLOBODNOG ZIDARSTVA I OBRAZOVANJE
VELIKE LOŽE I VRHOVNOG SAVETA SRBIJE (1912)...............114
18. NACIONALNI RAD, NARODNA ODBRANA, ORGANIZACIJA „UJEDINJENJE
ILI SMRT“, SARAJEVSKI ATENTAT I SLOBODNI ZIDARI...........121
19. SRPSKI SLOBODNI ZIDARI U RADU NA FORMULISANJU
CILJEVA PRVOG SVETSKOG RATA...............................148
SERBIAN FREEMASONRY (1764-1914)................................ 160
UMESTO POGOVORA.................................................183
FAKSIMILI.....................................................185
FOTOGRAFIJE...................................................203
REGISTAR IMENA..................................................283
293
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Nenezić, Zoran D. |
| author_facet | Nenezić, Zoran D. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Nenezić, Zoran D. |
| author_variant | z d n zd zdn |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV041858752 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)930992873 (DE-599)BVBBV041858752 |
| era | Geschichte 1764-1914 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1764-1914 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>02117nam a2200481 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV041858752</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20151124 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t|</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">140521s2012 xx ab|| |||| 00||| srp d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9788690206766</subfield><subfield code="9">978-86-902067-6-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)930992873</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV041858752</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">srp</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7,41</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Nenezić, Zoran D.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Srpsko slobodno zidarstvo 1764 - 1914</subfield><subfield code="b">ilustrovani pregled istorije slobodnog zidarstva kod Srba ; Prilozi i građa</subfield><subfield code="c">Zoran D. Nenezić</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Beograd</subfield><subfield code="b">Zoran D. Nenezić</subfield><subfield code="c">2012</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">293 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">zahlr. Ill., Kt.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Posebno izdanje</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Serbian freemasonry (1764 - 1914)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1764-1914</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Freimaurerei</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4018348-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Serbien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4054598-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Serbien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4054598-2</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Freimaurerei</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4018348-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1764-1914</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027303031&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027303031&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">200.9</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0903</subfield><subfield code="g">4971</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">200.9</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09041</subfield><subfield code="g">4971</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">306.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0903</subfield><subfield code="g">4971</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">306.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09041</subfield><subfield code="g">4971</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">001.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0903</subfield><subfield code="g">4971</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">001.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09041</subfield><subfield code="g">4971</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027303031</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Serbien (DE-588)4054598-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Serbien |
| id | DE-604.BV041858752 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-24T04:07:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788690206766 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027303031 |
| oclc_num | 930992873 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 293 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Zoran D. Nenezić |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Posebno izdanje |
| spellingShingle | Nenezić, Zoran D. Srpsko slobodno zidarstvo 1764 - 1914 ilustrovani pregled istorije slobodnog zidarstva kod Srba ; Prilozi i građa Freimaurerei (DE-588)4018348-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4018348-8 (DE-588)4054598-2 |
| title | Srpsko slobodno zidarstvo 1764 - 1914 ilustrovani pregled istorije slobodnog zidarstva kod Srba ; Prilozi i građa |
| title_auth | Srpsko slobodno zidarstvo 1764 - 1914 ilustrovani pregled istorije slobodnog zidarstva kod Srba ; Prilozi i građa |
| title_exact_search | Srpsko slobodno zidarstvo 1764 - 1914 ilustrovani pregled istorije slobodnog zidarstva kod Srba ; Prilozi i građa |
| title_full | Srpsko slobodno zidarstvo 1764 - 1914 ilustrovani pregled istorije slobodnog zidarstva kod Srba ; Prilozi i građa Zoran D. Nenezić |
| title_fullStr | Srpsko slobodno zidarstvo 1764 - 1914 ilustrovani pregled istorije slobodnog zidarstva kod Srba ; Prilozi i građa Zoran D. Nenezić |
| title_full_unstemmed | Srpsko slobodno zidarstvo 1764 - 1914 ilustrovani pregled istorije slobodnog zidarstva kod Srba ; Prilozi i građa Zoran D. Nenezić |
| title_short | Srpsko slobodno zidarstvo 1764 - 1914 |
| title_sort | srpsko slobodno zidarstvo 1764 1914 ilustrovani pregled istorije slobodnog zidarstva kod srba prilozi i grada |
| title_sub | ilustrovani pregled istorije slobodnog zidarstva kod Srba ; Prilozi i građa |
| topic | Freimaurerei (DE-588)4018348-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Freimaurerei Serbien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027303031&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027303031&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT neneziczorand srpskoslobodnozidarstvo17641914ilustrovanipregledistorijeslobodnogzidarstvakodsrbapriloziigrađa |