Otok Silba prirodno i kulturno blago
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Zadar
Sveučilište u Zadru
2013
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| 020 | |a 9789533310282 |9 978-953-331-028-2 | ||
| 020 | |a 9533310286 |9 953-331-028-6 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)879509094 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV041794604 | ||
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Otok Silba |b prirodno i kulturno blago |c urednici Jasmina Mužinić ... |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a The Island of Silba |
| 264 | 1 | |a Zadar |b Sveučilište u Zadru |c 2013 | |
| 300 | |a 321 S. |b zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |c 28 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in endl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Island of Silba | ||
| 500 | |a Bibliografija na koncu vsakega poglavja | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a naravoslovje / zgodovina / kulturna dediščina / demografija / zdravstvo / turizem | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Silba |0 (DE-588)1046509187 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Silba |0 (DE-588)1046509187 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mužinić, Jasmina |d 1950- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)1049906446 |4 oth | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027240153&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027240153&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 910 |e 22/bsb |f 090512 |g 4972 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 307.09 |e 22/bsb |g 4972 |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027240153 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819702474089431040 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Sadržaj
PREDGOVOR
J.
Mužinić,
}.
J.
Purger
...................................................................................................................................................................11
UVOD
Kako se zovu stanovnici otoka
Silbe?
I. Vigato
........................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
PRIRODOSLOVLJE
Prirodno-geografska obilježja otoka
Silbe
D. Magaš, J.
Brkić-Vejmelka
......................................................................................................................................................19
Značenje otoka
Silbe
u biološkim istraživanjima Jadranskog mora
D. Zavodnik
..........................................................................................................................................................................................38
Morske alge i cvjetnice otoka
Silbe i
obližnjih Grebena
N.
Zavodnik
............................................................. ........... ................................................................................53
Bodljikaši (Echinodermata) otoka
Silbe
D.
Zavodnik
60
Priobalna naselja riba, desetonožnih rakova i glavonozaca otoka
Silbe i
obližnjih Grebena
A. Pallaoro
67
Vaskularna flora otoka
Silbe
S.
Bogdanović,
D.
Župan,
В.
Mitić
................................................................................................................................81
Danji leptiri otoka
Silbe
M.
Kučinić
...................................................................................................................................-...................................95
Kopneni puževi
(Gastropoda terrestrial
otoka
Silbe
V. Štamol
.............. 103
Vodozemci i gmazovi otoka
Silbe
E.
Kletečki,
M.
Kuljerić
111
Ptice otoka
Silbe i
obližnjih Grebena
J. Mužinić, J. J. Purger
........................................................................................ 120
Terestrički sisavci
(Mammalia:
Insectívora,
Rodentia, Duplicidentata) otoka
Silbe
N.
Tvrtković, J. J. Purger, J. Lanszki
132
POVIJEST I KULTURNA BAŠTINA
Silba
na starim geografskim i pomorskim kartama
J. Faričić
................................................................................. .................................................................. 143
Povijest
Silbe:
bilješke iz ostavštine Petra Starešine
I. Vigato
..................................................................................................................................... ..........165
Petar
Stařešina, silbenski
kroničar
I. Vigato
................................................................................................................. 175
Silbenska povijesna antroponimija
I. Vigato
............... ........................................................................... 180
Silbenska glagoljska baština
S. Sambunjak
.................................................................................................................................................................197
Dvije silbenske glagoljske oporuke
I.
Vigato
204
Sakralni objekti, umjetnička i duhovna baština otoka
Silbe
I. Prijatelj Pavičić
..................................................................................................................................................................................210
Klanjateljice Krvi Kristove na otoku Silbi
V.
Abramović
.................................................................................................................................................................229
Dva recentna umjetnička ostvarenja
Ž. Domljan
....................................................................................................................................................................................234
Plesovi i pjesme otoka
Silbe
A. Ruždija
............................................................................................................................................................................................238
DEMOGRAFIJA, ZDRAVSTVO I TURIZAM
Demogeografska obilježja otoka
Silbe
L.
Mirošević,
J.
Faričić
...................................................................................................................................................................251
Zdravlje i zdravstvena zaštita žitelja otoka
Silbe
F.
Krajnović,
J.
Kraljić,
В.
Živković Duvnjak
268
Turistička obilježja otoka
Silbe
}.
Brkić-Vejmelka
..........................................................................................................................................................................285
Otok
s
Toretom
J.
Mužinić
..........................................................................................................................................................................................299
SUMMARY,
BIOGRAFIJE AUTORA
SUMMARY
The Island
of
Silba
-
a Natural and Cultural
Treasure
305
BIOGRAFIJE
AUTORA
POGLAVLJA
311
The Island of
Silba
-
A Natural and Cultural Treasure
The Island of
Silba
A Natural and Cultural Treasure
The Island of
Silba,
belonging to the
Zadar
archi¬
pelago, is peculiar and interesting in both natural
and geographical sense.
Silba
is considered a small
Croatian island and it includes three even smaller
islets
(Grebeni)
as well as two reefs that are part of
the same geographical unit, and an island (Grujica)
that belongs the neighboring cadastral municipa¬
lity of
Premuda. More
recent findings about its
surface, coverage, geological and geomorphologi-
cal, pedogeographic hydrogeographical and clima¬
tic-geographical features only add to its peculiarity.
From a hypsographic point of view the island is not
elevated, and its shores are mostly low and rocky,
with a number of attractive bays and inlets. The
predominant
karst
foundation of the terrain allows
the creation of only shallow levels of soil with the
climactic zonal space of the Mediterranean and the
scarcity of surface water only adding to such terrain
development. In the past, the scarce water sour¬
ces were of great importance for the life and the
survival of the population. With high insolation,
moderate cloud developments, mainly in winter,
pleasant temperatures, relatively small tempera¬
ture variations, and rare occurrences of snow, ice
and frost, and with only a slightly stronger wind
factor during winter,
Silba
is a space of pleasant,
Mediterranean climate, which is reflected in the
prevalence of domestic climactic zonal vegetation.
In terms of contemporary lifestyle transformati¬
ons and changes in the landscape, with the aban¬
donment of traditional agriculture and the growth
of tourism, dealing with the water supply problems
is one of the most important issues for the further
development of the island, whose natural geograp¬
hical features are an essential factor for its survival
and its well-known attractions, as well as the basis
for future development.
Despite the occasional research conducted over
the past hundred years, the sea flora and fauna of
the
Kvarner
region together with the island of
Silba,
due to a combination of circumstances, remained
relatively little known, especially if compared to
other similar areas of the Croatian part of the
Adriatic coastal sea. The existing knowledge about
biodiversity in the explored areas surrounding the
Island of
Silba
is primarily concerned with open
sea organisms and the macro-flora and macro-
fauna of some underwater habitats. In the period
between
1914
and
1997,
in the southern part of
Silba
and
Grebeni,
a total of
137
species of marine
algae and two eelgrasses were recorded. The most
noted was the red algae (Rhodophyta)
- 87
species,
followed by
34
species of brown algae (Heterocon-
tophyta),
15
green (Chlorophyta) and one species
of blue-green algae (Cyanophyta). Also two types
of eelgrass (Magnoliophyta) were observed: Cymo-
docea
nodosa
and Posidonia
oceanica.
For the first
time there were
84
described species of marine
algae
- 62
of those were red,
16
brown,
5
green, and
one a blue-green algae, together with one eelgrass.
The most common floral elements of these species
recorded for the first times were: Atlantic
(38%)
and Mediterranean
(17%).
However, as a prerequ¬
isite for a valid assessment of the current status of
the flora and vegetation of the underwater ecosy¬
stem, it is necessary to conduct monthly or seaso¬
nal studies of marine algae belonging to the region
of
Silba
and the nearby
Grebeni.
Although as a
tourist destination
Silba
is still not well connected,
it is, however, linked to other islands and the main¬
land through everyday ship lines. This, together
with the developing yacht tourism and the ancho¬
ring in bays with eelgrass, could have a devastating
impact on marine flora and fauna. Furthermore, it
305
Otok
Silba
Prirodno i kulturno blago
allows the possibility of accidentally introducing
foreign species of plants and animals in this, still
adequately preserved, part of the Adriatic Sea.
Although so far only the southern waters of the
island have been explored, in its relatively shallow
water region as many as
40
species of echinoderms
have been recorded, which is
37%
of the known
species characteristic for the Adriatic Sea. The great
diversity of this group reflects the diversity of habi¬
tats on the non-mobile and mobile seabed of the
waters surrounding the island, with special empha¬
sis on the dynamics and cleanliness of the sea.
However, a credible insight into the
echino-fauna
of this area will be obtained only after the comple¬
ted exploration of the northern seabed of
Silba.
Nevertheless, in the so far explored underwater
region
29
species of echinoderms were recorded for
the first time. On that occasion, six Croatian names
for still unnamed families were proposed, together
with three genera and fifteen species of echino¬
derms. Croatian names for the Adriatic echino¬
derms are also being considered. The question of
Croatian echinoderms nomenclature remains an
open one, representing an open proposal to enco¬
urage the urgent and indispensable work on these
issues in cooperation with relevant experts, speci¬
fically zoologists and linguists.
The sea along the coast of
Silba,
and nearby
Grebeni,
is home to
94
species of fish,
11
species
of decapod crustaceans and
3
species of cepha-
lopods. A more detailed analysis of fish families
suggests the presence of all three species of the
Tripterygidae family present in the Adriatic, the
twelve Blennidae families
(75%
Adriatic blenny)
and
10
Gobiidae families. This is approximately
30%
of all Adriatic coastal goby (Gobiidae). Most
of the small species of the Gobiidae family lead a
cryptobentonic life i.e. hidden under the rocks, in
smaller or bigger cracks and crevices. The abun¬
dance of these species in the coastal region of
Silba,
and the nearby
Grebeni,
is not high, but it is
approximately equal to the density of their presence
in areas such as the islands of
Prvić, Grgur, Goli,
Šolta and Drvenik Veli
and Mali. A quantitative
research of the coastal presence of fish, decapod
crustaceans and cephalopods in the coastal region
of
Silba,
and the nearby
Grebeni,
indicated their
relative scarcity i.e.
0.821
kg per net compared to
other areas such as
Zadar, Šibenik,
Split,
Ploče,
the area of
Dubrovnik,
and the Island of Vis. Such
data indicates the practice of intensive and uncon¬
trolled fishing within the researched region in the
period between
1995
and
1996,
but also before and
after that period. Such conclusion is also confir¬
med by the analysis of the drift netting within the
Papranica Bay in
2006.
There are also two very rare
species recorded: the Coryphoblennius
galerita
in
the supralittoral zone and the Gobius auratus in the
infralittoral zone. Besides those there are
15
rare
species mentioned while the rest are estimated as
being numerous or very numerous.
Floristic
surveys recorded a total of
532
plant
taxa on
Silba:
six ferns, eight gymnosperms, and
among the most numerous angiosperms
- 411
dicotylédones
and
107
monocotyledones plants.
160
new plant species were recorded for the first
time. The most abundant families are grasses
(Poaceae) with
11.42%,
and legumes (Fabaceae)
with
10.49%.
Through the analysis of
floristic
elements ten major groups were identified indi¬
cating the Mediterranean ones to be dominant
with
46.18%,
while the Central European and
Illyrian-Balkan
floristic
element
(0.41%)
is the
least present. Eleven neophytes, and
11
invasive
species
(2.27%)
were specified, together with
49
cultivated and
adventive
plants
(9.18%).
The
composition of the
floristic
elements confirms that
the Island of
Silba
belongs to the Euro-Mediterra¬
nean zone of the Mediterranean region. The anal¬
ysis of life forms indicated a dominant presence of
therophytes
(39.84%)
and a minimal presence of
hydrophytes
(1.03%).
Such a range of life forms,
suggests a warm and semi-arid climate. The
comparison between the flora of
Silba
and the Red
List of Endangered Plants and Animals of Croatia
suggests that ten
taxa
(1.88%)
are threatened by
extinction: one is critically endangered (Lathyrus
ochrus), five are endangered (Blackstonia perfoli-
ata ssp
serótina, Carex divisa, Glaucium
flavum,
Cynanchum acutum and Ophrys
lutea ssp.
minor)
four are vulnerable {Desmarezia marina, Orchis
tridentata, Parapholis incurva
and
Salsola
Kali).
Thirteen species are nearly endangered and ten
taxa
are data defficient. Ten species are considered
endemic to the Croatian flora: Anthyllis
vulnera¬
ria
ssp. praepropera, Asplentum
hybridům,
Drypts
spinosa
ssp. jacquiniana, Iris illyrica, Vincetoxicum
hirundinaria ssp. adriaticum, Viola abstract, Limo-
nium cancellatum, Lolium subulatum, Goniolimon
dalmaticum and Onosma echioides ssp.
dalmatica).
306
The Island of
Silba
-
A Natural and Cultural Treasure
Since the island of
Silba
has not been an
area where a systematic study of butterflies was
conducted, the presented number of species does
not reflect their actual number. Currently there
are
14
species of diurnal butterflies recorded on
the island: Papilio
machaon, Iphiclides
podalirius,
Leptidea sinapis, Gonepteryx cleopatra, Colias
crocea,
Lycaena phlaeas, Charaxes jasius, Limeni-
tis
reducía,
Inachis
io,
Vanessa
atalanta,
V. cardui,
Melitaea didyma, Lasiommata maera and Melanar-
gia galathea. The Papilio
machaon
and Iphiclides
podalirius are protected species. It is assumed that
Silba,
despite its relatively small size, has an intere¬
sting butterfly fauna that needs to be systematically
explored. The research should include both diurnal
and nocturnal butterflies.
So far the research of
Silba
indicates the
existence of
24
species of terrestrial snails. The
dominant
taxa
are the Mediterranean ones
preferring thermophilic habitats. While only one
(Delima bilabiata alschingeri),
which range occu¬
pied the broader
Zadar
region, is endemic to
Croatia. A newer, more extensive and systematic
research could supplement the current knowledge
that would serve as a basis for detecting changes
of the malacofauna on the island and identifying
their causes, leading in such a way to a conclusion
about the protection of terrestrial snails on
Silba.
As far as representatives of the herpetofa-
una only one species of amphibian was recor¬
ded
-
Bufo (Pseudepidalea)
viridis and
10
reptile
species. The presence of a relatively small number
of species of amphibians is a characteristic of most
small islands in the Adriatic, including
Silba.
The
reptile fauna that can be found on
Silba
is also
typical of smaller islands. However, the presence
of Natrix natrix makes for an interesting fauna
finding. All recorded snakes belong to the Colu-
bridae and are nonvenomous or half-venomous.
Seven species belong to the least endangered
category, and two
{Testudo
hermanni and the
Elaphe quatuorlineata) to the category of almost
endangered species. Further research needs to
be conducted in order to determine the overall
herpetofauna and the effects of tourist exploita¬
tion, urbanization and the abandonment of arable
farmland on the island.
Previous studies of birds on
Silba,
and the
nearby
Grebeni,
detected
86
different species of
which
55
species
(63.9%)
were reported through
research studies conducted by individuals on the
island in the period from
2006
to
2011.
For the
first time the original data about the bird ringing
on the island was presented, indicating that from
1954
until
1960, 243
birds, belonging to
22
diffe¬
rent species were ringed. Of the total of recorded
species,
44
are breeding birds, and
6
possible bree¬
ding birds. Of these,
19
species can be considered
resident and
31
migratory. Of the total of recorded
species,
25
can be considered wintering birds,
22
as passing birds, and
9
species can be categorized
as occasional visitors.
Tre
breeding populations
of three species recorded on
Silba
and
Grebeni
{Aquila chrisaetos, Falco
eleonorae, Sterna albi-
frons) are endangered (EN breeding), while the
breeding populations of three other species
{Falco
peregrinus,
Circaetus gallicus, Actitis hypoleucos)
belong to the vulnerable group
(VU
breeding). Of
the listed species on
Silba,
only the breeding of
the
Serna albifrons
has been confirmed, while on
Grebeni
there is the
Falco
peregrinus.
The wintering
population of the Podiceps grisegena belongs to the
vulnerable group
(VU
wintering) while the winte¬
ring population of Calidris
alpina
belongs to the
endangered (EN wintering) category. Given that
there are no winter observations of these species
in this area, we cannot draw conclusions about
endangerment of their population.
According to surveys conducted in
2008
and
2009,
the island is inhabited by a total of
7
species
of mammals: Erinaceus roumanicus, Suncus etrus-
cus, Apodemus sylvaticus,
Mus musculus
domesti-
cus, Rattus rattus and Oryctolagus cuniculus, inclu¬
ding the domestic cat Felis »catus«. The Suncus
etruscus was recorded for the first time on the
Island of
Silba.
The identified species belong to the
most common species of mammals on the Adria¬
tic islands. There is a possibility that the island is
inhabited by another kind of shrew, but this still
needs to be investigated. The still unknown bat
fauna (Chiroptera) of the island could also include
species that belong to the Croatian and European
endangered groups.
The Island of
Silba,
due to the development
of maritime activities, was an important part of
the Adriatic maritime geographical system. The
sailors from the island were active users of marine
charts, having the opportunity to confirm their
credibility and applicability at any moment during
their voyages. Exploring the historical develo-
307
Otok
Silba
Prirodno i kulturno blago
pment
of cartographic representation of the island
showed a degree of geographic knowledge and
the level of technical cartographic achievements.
Despite gradual improvements, the representations
of
Silba
on maps, created by G.
Gastaldi
and V.
M. Coronelli, due to the low quality geographical
content, were not applicable until the early 19th
century. It was then that the island, together with
the surrounding area, was accurately shown on
topographic maps of
Dalmaţia
(1806),
Kvarner,
and
the Dalmatian islands
(1811),
as well as on the 5th
Navigational Map from the
Carta di Cabottaggio
del
Mare Adriatico
(1822 - 1824)
atlas. A turning
point in the mapping of
Silba
occurred as a result
of a partial survey and
hydrographie
measurements
carried out during a brief period of the French rule
and the later comprehensive
hydrographie
survey
of the Adriatic during the second Austrian rule.
The most important contributor to the study
of the history of
Silba
was the historian and chro¬
nicler
Petar
Stařešina.
The results of his research
were published in books, papers and encyclopedia
insertions, although his notes collected in the form
of a manuscript, contained still unpublished data,
which is now analyzed and presented for the first
time here. The data consists of
15
elements, which
complement the previous knowledge about histo¬
rical events on
Silba.
Starešina s
notes therefore
reveal the painstaking process of clearing
maquis
on
Silba
in favor of arable soil for olive groves and
vineyards, mostly encouraged by tenants, indica¬
ting the transition from livestock management to
agriculture. Certain parts of the manuscript, toge¬
ther with some correspondence, indicate that Peter
Staresina was
preparing the data for the publication
of a guidebook for
Silba
with the purposes of deve¬
loping tourism on the island.
Although an old Glagolitic location, with
137
Glagolitic scholars working on it over centu¬
ries,
Silba
does not have any preserved Glagolitic
monuments. All preserved documents are mostly
modern era practical purposes texts, although
there are indications that certain medieval Glago¬
litic liturgical manuscripts existed. Together with a
few inscriptions, including an older one dated
1530
and belonging to the region of
Zadar,
there are
preserved handwritten registers of births, marria¬
ges, baptisms and deaths, texts about patron-saints
days, and the conditions of souls. This consists of a
number of testaments and a segment of particular
value named
»Libar«,
which is a notebook, textbook
or a manual about moral theology written by don
Anton Garofalo
Bakalár.
It was written during the
first quarter of the 18th century. The author was one
of several dozen pastors/parish priests located on
Silba,
and this unique work was written by hand
combining Glagolitic and in one part the Latin
script. The author describes the Mass and Paradise,
but the graphic elements of the book suggest that
the main idea was the creation of a book about
the marvelous
Eucharistie
Chalice, Holy Grail, the
mythical object of Christian art, and the symbol of
longing for the bliss of enlightenment.
The two testaments from
Silba
from the 17th
century are short texts, but their multi-layered
meaning provides an illustration of time in which
they were created. They were conditioned by the
purpose of writing and they belong to a administra¬
tively functional style, the so-called official cursive.
They reflect the linguistic peculiarities of the
period and the region of
Dalmaţia.
The testaments
from
Silba
serve as
onomastic
research material
because they contain anthroponyms and toponyms
that can be compared with the ones today. They
are also important to us for commercial research
because they provide us with the financial status of
the testator, about the occupation of the witnesses,
allowing us, in some cases, to reconstruct the acti¬
vities of the inhabitants of
Silba.
They also tell us
about the law of succession and its development on
the Croatian islands during the 17th century.
The research of historical anthroponymy on
Silba
discovered an extremely rich anthroponymic
fund as a reflection of the cultural and economic
development of this island. In total
239
different
names, and
422
different surnames were registe¬
red in the period from
1613
to
1712.
Already a
hundred years after the Council of Trent the names
of saints prevail over traditional names. Traditi¬
onal names are very random and we encounter
only a few of them from
1613
until
1695.
There is
an attempt to compensate the lack of traditional
names by using various hypocoristics, augmentati-
ves,
motal
world-formation, and original adaptati¬
ons of saint s names influenced by the local speech,
and occasionally influenced by the Italian Venetian
dialect. The frequency of occurrence of certain
surnames in relation to the disappearance of others
points to the fact that there were large numbers of
different surnames in relation to the number of
308
The Island of
Silba
-
A Natural and Cultural Treasure
inhabitants. For example in
1695,
with
600
inha¬
bitants on
Silba
there were
11
different surnames
confirmed. Names and surnames of godparents on
Silba
show the presence of residents from nearby
islands such as
Olib, Dlačnik
(Premuda),
Iž, Žman,
Savra
(Dugi Otok) and Lošinj,
together with some
more distant ones:
Brač, Korčula, Rab
and
Veja
(Krk).
They also arrived from
Zadar,
Split, Pilsac
(Pelješac), Kotor, Bakar, Rijeka, Rovinj,
as well as
from overseas countries such as Bnetak (Venice)
and Bergamo. Some of them arrived from Bosnia
and Russia. Some godparents came to the island
just for the religious function; some temporarily or
permanently inhabited
Silba,
while others immi¬
grated due to war. All of this points to the dynamic
development of the island, which experiences its
prosperity in the 18th century.
The presence of six churches and a convent of
the Adorers of the Blood of Christ on such a small
island indicate that
Silba
was a Catholic community
dedicated to the experience of the Holy Gospel.
This dedication remains visible in the religious,
cultural and material heritage, preserved by the
commoners as well as pastors, who served on the
island since
1560,
and
55
sisters of the Adorers of
the Blood of Christ, who have been active on the
island for
85
years. Due to the economic develo¬
pment, stimulated by the local captains and ship¬
owners families,
Silba
was a settlement of weal¬
thy commoners whose economic power is visible
in the rich artistic heritage of the island. In the
15th century,
Silba
was subjected to the Venetian
rule, which allowed the wealthy inhabitants of the
island to trade with Venice, then a center of art, and
obtain various paintings and other artifacts that
decorated numerous church altars erected by diffe¬
rent fraternities and prosperous families. Among
the imported paintings, three altarpieces by Carlo
Ridolfi particularly stand out, as they are a model
of the Venetian High Renaissance and Mannerism.
Another important altarpiece, now preserved in
the rectory, is Liberi s »Coronation of the Madonna
with St. Francis and St. Anthony , characterized by
the late Roman Classicism. Furthermore, a subtly
painted altarpiece named »The Annunciation with
St. Anthony of Padua and St. Jerome , characteri¬
zed by a decorative Rococo palette, is still looking
for its author among the three famous painters:
Pittoni, Bortoloni and
Trevisani.
The vitality of
the settlement of
Silba
as a cultural center in the
period between the second half of the 19th century
and the beginning of the 20th century can be obser¬
ved, for example, in the painting made by Antonio
Zuccaro named »Madonna and Child with Saints ,
Stuflesses statues »Baptism of Christ« and »Heart
of Jesus«, or even the main altar in the Church
of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary by the
architect
Ćiril Metod
and the stonemason
Josip
Barišković
from Split. Today, the churches on
Silba
are very weathered and in need of reconstruction,
after which it is expected that all of the belonging
artwork, currently located in the current parish
church, will be returned to its original location.
The evangelizing, educational and charitable
activities of the religious order of Adorers of the
Blood of Christ improved the everyday, religious
and cultural aspects of the
Silba
islanders lives.
From the order s arrival to the island of
Silba
from
Bosnia and Herzegovina in
1927
to
2012, 55
nuns
lived and worked there. The chronological list of
their names with basic information is here presen¬
ted for the first time. It offers a framework for
further historical research of religious and cultural
heritage of
Silba
and Croatia more generally.
The cultural and artistic tradition of
Silba
continues to live on even today in two recent
sculptural works: the monument »Sail«, created
by
Šime Vulas
in
1997
and located on
Žalić,
and
»Gallery« by the sculptor
Marija Ujević Galetović,
opened in
2006,
in the proximity of the current
parish church.
Tanac
is the oldest dance on the island and it
was practiced regularly until
1885.
It was part of
the Adriatic dance tradition, but was nevertheless
different from the dance practices on the neighbo¬
ring Island of
Olib.
It had the social role of provi¬
ding social context for introduction and meeting of
young men and women. According to the structure
of the physical movement of the performers thro¬
ugh space, the dance consists of two segments.
Bellows, later on joined by a lyre, initially instru-
mentally accompanied the
Tanac.
From
1885
urban
dances started appearing on
Silba:
kvatropaši,
sortis,
bohemian, and
postolina.
Singing rarely accompa¬
nied dancing on
Silba.
It was usually performed
separately using the reverberant and dynamic
Čakavian
dialect. Besides being performed as an
accompaniment to every event, this decasyllabic
singing was routinely performed by women during
work.
309
Otoh
Silba
Prirodno
i kulturno blago
Throughout history there were various forms
of healthcare organized for the residents of the
island. In
1750,
Ante
Pulila was
the first contrac¬
ted doctor paid by the islands residents, which
was not a common thing for the time. Quaran¬
tines were also organized on the island as health
preventive measures against infectious diseases
due to the islands maritime orientation and its
exposure to potential risks. In the 19th and early
20th century, during the French and Austrian rule,
lifestyle changes were reflecting on
Silba
through
the self-organization of mutual aid societies, which
is considered the beginning of the development of
a network of social assistance to low-income and
less fortunate community members. At least
60
doctors resided in
Silba
from
1750
until
2008, 11
nurses (including two family register nurses and
one domicile home care nurse), one paramedic,
together with
10
midwives, which provided the
necessary health care services on the island for
more than a century before the actual nurses. A
new organizational system that provides for the
implementation of primary health care, based on
the principles of comprehensiveness, continuity,
availability, and a complete and specialized appro¬
ach is in active on
Silba
since
1993,
when the
Zadar
Medical Center separated into the
Zadar
General
Hospital and the
Zadar
County Health Center.
The long-lasting negative demographic proce¬
sses, which affected most of the Croatian islands,
did not elude
Silba,
manifesting itself through the
depopulation and the resulting aging of the island.
The depopulation of
Silba
is most likely the result
of local conditions of socio-economic development,
but also the national processes of urbanization and
the diminishing of rural communities increased by
the lack of a clear response of the political commu¬
nity, together with leading businesses, which were
supposed, at least partially, to mitigate and adapt
to the geographic circumstances of the Croatian
coastal area. Statistical data shows the intensity
of depopulation, indicating that the population of
Silba,
from
1948
to
1981,
was reduced by
61.4%,
while in
2011, 32.53%
of the population consi¬
sted of persons age
65
and older. Such demograp¬
hic trends, also present on other islands around
Zadar,
lead to a complete demographic extinction.
If changes to the existing trends do not occur, in
future decades the population of
Silba
is likely to be
only temporary or seasonal and the island will be
inhabited predominantly by domestic and foreign
tourists during the peak of the tourist season.
The beauty of nature and the biodiversity on
the land and the sea, together with the historical
and cultural specificities of
Silba
are attractive to
tourists. As early as the mid-19th century, shipping
lines along the Adriatic coast included the Island
of
Silba,
playing in such a way an important role
in the arrival of the first visitors to the island. The
global trend of mass tourism in the mid sixties of
the 20th century encouraged the development of spa
tourism in
Silba,
but due to the intensive construc¬
tion of apartments for rent and the stagnation of
union tourism this soon changed into a form of
residential tourism.
One of the most recognizable buildings on
Silba
is the Toreta, which in turn became one of
the most common motifs found on the early black-
and-white postcards. The distinctive look of this
building made it into a visual symbol of the island
and it is still regularly found on tourist tours.
The different uses of adjectives derived from
the name
Silba,
together with the noun used for
residents of the island confuse those who speak
or write about the island. In order to resolve these
ambiguities and doubts, it is suggested that the
ethnics and ktetics are used the way the local
community is using them, while still complying
to the norms of the standard language, and reta¬
ining its communication value. Therefore, the
articles within the book »The Island of
Silba
-
A
Natural and Cultural Treasure« use adjectives
silbenski and nouns
Silbenj
anin, Silbenjani
or
Silbenka, Silbenke.
310
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| geographic | Silba (DE-588)1046509187 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Silba |
| id | DE-604.BV041794604 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-24T04:05:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789533310282 9533310286 |
| language | Croatian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027240153 |
| oclc_num | 879509094 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 321 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 28 cm |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Sveučilište u Zadru |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Otok Silba prirodno i kulturno blago naravoslovje / zgodovina / kulturna dediščina / demografija / zdravstvo / turizem |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1046509187 |
| title | Otok Silba prirodno i kulturno blago |
| title_alt | The Island of Silba |
| title_auth | Otok Silba prirodno i kulturno blago |
| title_exact_search | Otok Silba prirodno i kulturno blago |
| title_full | Otok Silba prirodno i kulturno blago urednici Jasmina Mužinić ... |
| title_fullStr | Otok Silba prirodno i kulturno blago urednici Jasmina Mužinić ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Otok Silba prirodno i kulturno blago urednici Jasmina Mužinić ... |
| title_short | Otok Silba |
| title_sort | otok silba prirodno i kulturno blago |
| title_sub | prirodno i kulturno blago |
| topic | naravoslovje / zgodovina / kulturna dediščina / demografija / zdravstvo / turizem |
| topic_facet | naravoslovje / zgodovina / kulturna dediščina / demografija / zdravstvo / turizem Silba |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027240153&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027240153&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT muzinicjasmina otoksilbaprirodnoikulturnoblago AT muzinicjasmina theislandofsilba |