Amorphous nanophotonics

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Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2013
Schriftenreihe:Nano-optics and nanophotonics
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Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_ 1819617067933892608
adam_text Contents Bottom-up Organisation of Metallic Nanoparticles .......... 1 Alastair Cunningham and Thomas Biirgi 1.1 Introduction ............................. 2 1.1.1 Bottom-up vs. Top-down .................. 2 1.1.2 Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Applications ....... 3 1.1.3 Coupling Properties of Metallic Nanoparticles ....... 6 1. 1 .4 Bottom-up Organisation of Metallic Nanoparticles ..... 8 1.2 Manipulation of Metallic Nanoparticles at the Nanoscale ...... 12 1.2.1 Gold Nanoparticle Preparation ............... 13 1.2.2 Substrate Functionalisation ................. 14 1.2.3 Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticle Arrays .......... 15 1.2.4 Controlling Nanoparticle Density .............. 16 1.2.5 Extending into Third Dimension — The Bulk-Assembly of Polyelectrolyte Layers and Multiple Gold Nanoparticle Arrays ............................ 20 1.2.6 Observation of Plasmon Splitting .............. 22 1.2.7 Asymmetric Arrays of Metallic Nanoparticles ....... 23 1.2.8 Core-Shell Nanoclusters .................. 27 1.3 Conclusions ............................. 31 References ................................. 33 Amorphous Metamaterials and Potential Nanophotonics Applications 39 Filiberto Bilotti and Sergei Tretyakov 2.1 Introduction ............................. 39 2.2 Cloaking Devices .......................... 40 2.2.1 General Concepts ...................... 40 2.2.2 Cloak Design Using Metamaterials ............. 41 2.2.3 Cloaking Applications .................... 49 2.3 Beaming and Spatial-Filtering Devices ............... 55 2.3.1 General Concepts ...................... 55 xi xii Contents 2.3.2 Spatial Filters and Beaming Devices Obtained Using Amorphous Metamaterials .................. 57 2.4 Superlens Devices .......................... 60 2.4.1 Superlenses Based on Two Grids of Plasmonic Nanoparticles ........................ 60 2.4.2 Near Field Enhancement and Focusing Using Multilayer Arrays of Plasmonic Nanoparticles ............. 62 2.4.3 Real-Time Sub-wavelength Imaging Using a Single Grid of Plasmonic Nanoparticles ................. 63 2.5 Conclusions ............................. 65 References ................................. 65 3 Homogenization of Amorphous Media ................. 67 Ari Sihvola and Henrik Wallen 3.1 Introduction ............................. 67 3.2 Mixing Rules ............................. 69 3.2.1 Maxwell Garnett Formula .................. 69 3.2.2 Hashin-Shtrikman Bounds ................. 70 3.2.3 Bruggeman Formula ..................... 70 3.2.4 Lord Rayleigh Formula and Extensions ........... 71 3.2.5 Examples ........................... 71 3.2.6 Geometrical Structure and Anisotropy ........... 74 3.2.7 Two-Dimensional (2D) Mixtures .............. 74 3.3 Limitations and Applicability .................... 75 3.4 Order and Disorder ......................... 78 3.4.1 Ordered Mixtures ...................... 78 3.4.2 Effect of Disorder ...................... 79 3.4.3 Disorder and Plasmonics .................. 81 3.5 Inclusion Shape Effects ....................... 82 3.6 Dispersion .............................. 83 3.6.1 Effects of Mixing on Dispersion ............... 83 3.6.2 Example of Mixtures Containing Drude Components ... 85 3.7 Conclusions ............................. 85 References ................................. 86 4 Multipole Analysis of Self-assembled Metamaterials ......... 89 Stefan Mühlig and Carsten Rockstuhl 4.1 Introduction ............................. 89 4.2 Periodic Metamaterials ....................... 94 4.3 Amorphous Metamaterials ...................... 96 4.3.1 Optical Response of Single Meta-atoms ........... 97 4.3.2 Multipole Analysis of Meta-atoms ............. 100 4.3.3 Exclusive Meta-atom Geometries .............. 104 4.3.4 Light Propagation in Amorphous Metamaterials ...... 110 4.4 Conclusion .............................. 113 References ................................. 114 Contents xiii 5 Electrodynamic Theory of Three-Dimensional Metamaterials of Hierarchically Organized Nanoparticles ................ 119 Vassilios Yannopapas, Alexandras G. Vanakaras, and Demetri J. Photinos 5.1 Introduction ............................. 120 5.2 Theory ................................ 122 5.2.1 Multipole Expansion of the EM Field ............ 122 5.2.2 Scattering by a Single Scatterer ............... 123 5.2.3 Multiple-Scattering by a Collection of Spheres ....... 125 5.2.4 Multiple-Scattering in a Spherical Cavity .......... 127 5.2.5 Multiple-Scattering Within a 2D Plane of Scatterers .... 128 5.2.6 Multiple-Scattering Within a Slab of Many 2D Planes of Scatterers ......................... 132 5.2.7 Amorphous Metamaterial of Clusters of Nanoparticles ... 134 5.3 An Example: 3D Metamaterial of Air Cavities Containing Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles ................... 134 5.4 Conclusions ............................. 137 References ................................. 139 6 Deterministic Amorphous Metamaterials and Their Optical Far-Field Response ............................ 143 Christian Helgert and Thomas Peitsch 6.1 Introduction ............................. 143 6.2 Transition from Periodic to Amorphous Meta- atom Arrangements . 146 6.2.1 A Deterministic Algorithm for Amorphous Structures . . . 146 6.2.2 Statistical Assessment of an Amorphous System ...... 148 6.3 Far-Field Properties of Deterministic Amorphous Metamaterials . . 150 6.3.1 Amorphous Metamaterials for Microwaves ......... 151 6.3.2 Amorphous Metamaterials for Terahertz Waves ...... 153 6.3.3 Amorphous Metamaterials for Optical Wavelengths .... 155 6.3.4 Large-Scale Numerical Simulations of Amorphous Systems 158 6.3.5 Effective Optical Properties of Amorphous Metamaterials . 160 6.3.6 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Amorphous Metamaterials . . . 161 6.4 Conclusions ............................. 163 References ................................. 163 7 Recent Advances in Nearfield Optical Analysis and Description of Amorphous Metamaterials ....................... 169 Worawut Khunsin and Ralf Vogelgesang 7.1 Introduction ............................. 170 7.2 Deterministic vs. Amorphous/Glassy Plasmonic Systems ..... 171 7.2.1 Plasmonic Arrays ...................... 172 7.2.2 Metaglass .......................... 172 7.3 Experimental Approach ....................... 174 7.3.1 Fabrication of Nanostructures ................ 174 7.3.2 Experimental Investigation Techniques ........... 174 xiv Contents 7.4 Evidence for Long-Range Interactions in Nearfield Optical Maps ofMetaglass ............................. 178 7.5 Metaglass Theory .......................... 185 7.5.1 Exact Eigenmodes of a Random System of Dipole Scatterers ........................... 185 7.5.2 Recovering a Dispersion Relation for Metaglass ...... 188 7.5.3 Radial Density Function (RDF) ............... 189 7.5.4 Example for a Simulated and Analytical RDF ....... 190 7.5.5 Homogenization of the Discrete Medium .......... 192 7.5.6 Analytic Dispersion Relations of Plane Waves in Two-Dimensional Metaglass ............... 193 7.5.7 Discussion of a Typical Two-Dimensional Metaglass . ... 194 7.6 Conclusion and Perspective ..................... 197 References ................................. 197 8 Structure and Properties of Photonic Amorphous Diamond ..... 201 Keiichi Edagawa 8.1 Introduction ............................. 201 8.2 Structure ............................... 203 8.3 Photonic Eigenstates ......................... 206 8.3.1 Computational Method ................... 207 8.3.2 Frequency Distribution of Photonic Eigenstates ...... 208 8.3.3 Electromagnetic Field Distributions of Photonic Eigenstates 210 8.4 Light Propagation Properties .................... 213 8.4.1 Microwave Transmission Experiments ........... 214 8.4.2 Light Diffusion ....................... 217 8.4.3 Light Evanescence and Light Confinement ......... 219 8.5 Concluding Remarks ......................... 222 References ................................. 224 9 Lasing in Amorphous Nanophotonic Structures ............ 227 Hui Cao and Heeso Noh 9.1 Introduction ............................. 227 9.2 Photonic Polycrystals and Amorphous Structures .......... 228 9.2.1 Photonic Bandgap Effects and Enhanced Light Confinement ......................... 228 9.2.2 Lasing in Photonic Polycrystalline and Amorphous Structures .......................... 238 9.3 Photonic Network Structures and Lasers .............. 249 9.3.1 2D Photonic Network Laser ................. 249 9.3.2 3D Photonic Network Structures .............. 253 9.4 Conclusion .............................. 261 References ................................. 263 10 Amorphous Nanophotonics in Nature ................. 267 Stephen Luke and Peter Vukusic 10.1 Introduction ............................. 267 Contents xv 10.2 Amorphous Nanostructures in Insects ................ 270 10.2.1 Lepidopteran Colouration .................. 270 10.2.2 Disordered Nanostracture in Coleoptera .......... 276 10.3 Non-insect Examples ........................ 283 10.3.1 White Hairs on the Edelweiss Plant ............. 283 10.3.2 Disordered Multilayer Systems ............... 283 10.4 Conclusions ............................. 284 References ................................. 285 11 Random Light Scattering ........................ 289 Franz-Josef Haug 11.1 Introduction ............................. 289 11.2 Random Surface Textures ...................... 291 11.3 Statistical Properties of Random Surfaces .............. 292 11.4 Scalar Scattering Theory ....................... 294 11.5 Fourier Scattering Theory ...................... 297 1 1.6 Application to Light Scattering in Thin Film Silicon Solar Ceils . . 301 11.7 Conclusions ............................. 303 References ................................. 303 12 Active Plasmonics in Self-organized Soft Materials .......... 307 Roberto Caputo, Luciano De Sio, Ugo Cataldi, and Cesare Umeton 12.1 Introduction ............................. 307 12.2 Tunability of Localized Plasmonic Resonances ........... 308 12.3 Electrically and Temperature Controlled Active Plasmonics .... 309 12.4 Optically Controlled Active Plasmonics ............... 313 12.5 Strain Controlled Active Plasmonics ................ 319 12.6 Conclusions ............................. 324 References ................................. 325 13 Plasmonic Nanoparticle-Based Metamaterials: From Electric to Magnetic Response ............................ 327 José Dintinger and Toralf Scharf 13.1 Introduction ............................. 327 13.2 Bulk NP Composites: From Dilute Systems to Closed Packed Assemblies .............................. 333 13.2.1 Bulk NP Metamaterial Fabrication ............. 334 13.2.2 Effective Permittivity of Bulk NP Composites ....... 339 13.3 Hybrid Plasmonic-Photonic Multilayers .............. 345 13.4 Plasmonic Meta-atoms Made from Nanoparticle Clusters ..... 349 13.4.1 Magnetic Mie Resonances of Spherical NP Cluster ..... 350 13.4.2 Fabrication of Spherical Metal NP Cluster ......... 352 13.4.3 Optical Properties of Spherical Metal NP Clusters ..... 355 13.5 Conclusions ............................. 358 References ................................. 358 Index ...................................... 367 ano Optics and ,ι Carsten Rockstuhl ■ Toralf Scharf Editors Amorphous Nanophotonics This book represents the first comprehensive overview over amorphous nano-optical and nano-photonic systems. Nanophotonics is a burgeoning branch of optics that ena¬ bles many applications by steering the mould of light on length scales smaller than the wavelength with devoted nanostructures. Amorphous nanophotonics exploits self- organization mechanisms based on bottom-up approaches to fabricate nano-optical systems. The resulting structures presented in the book are characterized by a determin¬ istic unit cell with tailored geometries; but their spatial arrangement is not controlled. Instead of periodic, the structures appear either amorphous or random. The aim of this book is to discuss all aspects related to observable effects in amorphous nanophotonic material and aspects related to their design, fabrication, characterization and integra¬ tion into applications. The book has an interdisciplinary nature with contributions from scientists in physics, chemistry and materials sciences and sheds light on the topic from many directions.
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title Amorphous nanophotonics
title_auth Amorphous nanophotonics
title_exact_search Amorphous nanophotonics
title_full Amorphous nanophotonics Carsten Rockstuhl ... ed.
title_fullStr Amorphous nanophotonics Carsten Rockstuhl ... ed.
title_full_unstemmed Amorphous nanophotonics Carsten Rockstuhl ... ed.
title_short Amorphous nanophotonics
title_sort amorphous nanophotonics
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