Kościół, religia, myśl katolicka studia i szkice ofiarowane profesorowi Antoniemu Mieczkowskiemu z okazji 70 rocznicy urodzin
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2012
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804150001497014272 |
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| adam_text | Spis
tresei
Biografia naukowa Profesora Antoniego Mieczkowskiego
...................................................7
I
Recepcja myśli katolickiej
Jan Jachymek
Ludowcy i chadecja
.....................................................................................................................13
Alicja Wójcik
Chłopi a niepodległość Polski w myśli ludowej na przełomie
XIX
i
XX
wieku
............. 43
Małgorzata Dajnowicz
Ksiądz Kazimierz Lutosławski
-
wychowawca, ideolog i działacz polityczny
...................61
Marcin Wichmanowski
Narodowa Partia Robotnicza
-
kontynuatorka tradycji polskiego katolicyzmu
społecznego
...........................................................................................................................71
Ewelina Podgajna
Stronnictwo Chłopskie wobec konkordatu z
1925
roku
........................................................ 89
Aneta
Dawidowicz
Jędrzej Giertych jako nacjonalista chrześcijański
.................................................................101
Jerzy Plis
Kościół katolicki w Polsce na falach eteru
(1927-1939)
........................................................123
Kamil Mazurek
Sobór Watykański
II
w myśli politycznej Jerzego Turowicza
.............................................145
Marta Szczypek
Wybrane zagadnienia praw człowieka w katolickiej nauce społecznej
.............................. 157
Magdalena Wojtoń
Geneza i powstanie chrześcijańskiej demokracji we Włoszech u schyłku
XIX
wieku
i na początku
XX
wieku
....................................................................................................177
Agnieszka Rej
Rodzina i naród w nauczaniu kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, prymasa Polski
....... 191
Tomasz Koziełło
Elementy katolickiej nauki społecznej w myśli politycznej Ligi Polskich Rodzin
...........213
6
Spis treści
Joanna Sanecka-Tyczyńska
Religia i Kościół rzymskokatolicki w myśli politycznej Prawa i Sprawiedliwości
(2001-2007)..........................................................................................................................
235
Anna Szwed
Rola Kościoła katolickiego w państwie narodowym w periodyku „Opoka
........................257
Ewa Maj
Publicystyka katolicka w Polsce współczesnej na przykładzie miesięcznika „Nowy
Przegląd Wszechpolski
...................................................................................................269
II
Relacje Kościół-państwo
Antoni Krawczyk
Kontrola zagranicznej literatury religijnej na obszarze Cesarstwa Rosyjskiego
wiatach
1852-1855.............................................................................................................289
Eleonora Kirwiel
Rozważania na temat struktury religijnej i narodowościowej na kresach północno-
-wschodnich
II
Rzeczypospolitej (na podstawie spisu powszechnego z roku
1931)... 301
Józef Sęde
j
Przeszkody współdziałania pomiędzy Kościołem rzymskokatolickim a rządem
Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej wiatach
1945-1981................................................311
Stanisław Stępka
Chłopi a konflikty państwo-Kościół w latach
1956-1970.....................................................327
Romuald Turkowski
Zjednoczone Stronnictwo Ludowe wobec przebudowy społeczno-gospodarczej
Polski
(1971-1980)...............................................................................................................345
Krystyna Trembicka
Mediator, obserwator i świadek historii. Kościół katolicki wobec Okrągłego Stołu
.....377
Summary
....................................................................................................................................393
Indeks osób
...............................................................................................................................407
Noty o Autorach
...................................................................................................................... 418
Summary
Jan Jachymek
Peasant Party and the Christian Democrats.
Both peasant and Christian Democratic movements were ideological and social-
political movements which were formed at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Peasants activists and Christian Democrats
-
as they were commonly called, were
situated: the first ones in the centre of Polish political life, the second ones on the
right side. This neighbourhood caused that in various historical periods
-
especially
in interwar Poland and during the World War
2,
peasant and Christian Democrats
groups cooperated politically
-
entering government coalitions.
This process was fostered by the fact that both groups were of reformist character
and presented (in many parts of political thought) similar views concerning politi¬
cal system of Poland.
Although political programmes of both movements were based on separate
ideological assumptions: peasants movement on
agrarianism,
Christian Demo¬
crats
-
on social teaching of Roman Catholic church they were a real democratic
movements. They, together, undertook various political initiatives
-
especially
during the Sanation government
1926-1939 -
which tended to restore in Poland
democratic rules. Centrolew [Center Left]
(1929-1930)
concepts of Front Morges
(1937-1938)
were the examples of it. Rev.
Stanisław Stojałowski
in
Galicia
was one
of the seniors of both political movements.
394
Summary
Alicja Wójcik
Peasants and the Independence of Poland in Peasants
Thought at the turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries
Peasant party activists regarded peasants as a basic social class which, through its
labour and participation in fight for freedom, had a decisive influence on shaping
the future of the Polish nation and state. Aware of its low position in society and
weak feeling of national identity they stressed the importance of development of
education and other forms of social and economic activity which would serve to
create a peasant as a person who was worth his citizens rights and duties and who
was a patriot. By awakening peasants social and political aspiration they aimed at
introduction people s rules which would implement ideals of freedom and social
justice. According to peoples thought, the idea of independence was closely con¬
nected with the realization of social programme. Peasants, by joining the fight for
independence, aimed to achieve due position of a host of a state.
Małgorzata Dajnowicz
Rev.
Kazimierz Lutosłamski
—
Educator,
Ideologist and Political Activist
Rev.
Kazimierz Lutosławski
was one of the active members of National Democracy,
especially during the first years of independence. K.
Lutosławski
was interested in,
among others, education of young people, problems concerning development of
the nation, society, the importance of patriotism, tradition, family and Catholic
faith. Much of his political engagement was devoted to, so called, Jewish problem.
K. Lutoslawski expressed his opinion on joining the eastern regions to Poland,
dangers connected with socialism or communism. K.
Lutosławski
expressed his
ideological-political opinions in spoken and written forms and in his political ac¬
tivity in the Seym. Rev.
Lutosławski
also was very active on political-educational
field. He devoted much attention to national education, scouting, and programmes
directed mainly to the young generation.
Kazimierz Lutosławski
carried out his
political work on central level (as a Member of Parliament or journalist in nation¬
wide periodicals e.g.
Gazeta Warszawska )
and regional (co-organizing political
meetings, writing in regional periodicals).
Summary
395
Marcin Wichmanowski
Narodoma
Partia Robotnicza
(National Worker s Party)
—
FoIloLuer of Tradition of Polish Social Catholicism.
NPR was present in political life of the interwar Poland in the years
1920-1937.
It
was formed from the merge of
Narodowy Związek Robotniczy
National work¬
ers Union) and
Narodowe Stronnictwo Robotnicze
(National Workers Party).
Its social ideology was derived from social teaching of a Church. NPR was one
of continuators of the traditions of Polish social Catholicism (with its roots in
the 19th century)and national movement. In independent Poland, the party was
active among workers and its aim was to oppose the activity of socialistic party.
NPR programme (in its final version) was established by the Second Congress of
the party which was held on
4-
6th September
1921
in
Kraków.
Under pressure of
majority of participants, the programme included principles of Christian ethics.
The programme determined the place of the Party in a system that appeared in the
political life of the Second RP. The place was, first of all, determined by the Party s
activity, its strategy, tactics and fulfillment of aims included in the programme. This
up-to-date programme placed the Party on the right wing of workers movement.
At the same time the programme made the Party manoeuvre between democratic
center and the left. The May coup was a landmark event in the history of the Sec¬
ond Republic of Poland. Also for NPR it was the beginning of important changes
in its political life. The Party was of a specific political character
-
on one hand it
professed Christian ethics and had in its ranks Catholics but opposed the influence
of Catholic clergy, on the other it proclaimed the leftists slogans but fought against
socialist and communist s movements. NPR was a relatively weak party, deprived
of significant political importance. Its programme was directed to smoothening
the conflicts rather than solving them. The Party underlined its strive for playing
the role of worker s party.
Ewelina Podgajna
Stronnicturo
Chłopskie
(Peasant Party)
and the Concordat from
1925
Stronnictwo Ludowe
was one of three peasant parties active during interwar period.
This party had a negative attitude to the records in the agreement with the Holy See
from
1925.
They stated that the agreement imposed on Poland many onerous duties
Summary
and material burdens that violated its sovereignty. The clergy gained many privi¬
leges according to which they form a separate, independent priests state within
the Polish state . SCh activists criticized the politicized part of the Catholic clergy
for moving away from primary roots of faith established in Christ s times. They
negated the lack of a defence of oppressed, poor people and too large engagement
in political matters connected with material goods. They, as the representatives of
rural society, regretted that the clergy lived in luxury while in the country there
was lack of land, famine and overpopulation. Roman Catholic church belonged to
the group of great landowners. It was an institution that was ready to support the
bourgeoisie and squirearchy. Although Polish legislation provided for the ability
to take over part of a land for parceling but the record in the Concordat prevented
from doing it. Leaders, activists and supporters did not fight with religion or mo¬
rality and Christian ethics. They considered it to be a private matter of each man,
citizen.
Aneta
Dawidowicz
Jędrzej Giertych
as Christian Nationalist
The analysis of political thought of
Jędrzej
Giertych shows that, according to the title
of one of his publications, he can be described as Christian nationalist . Catholi¬
cism represented by Giertych was of:
1)
complementary,
2)
traditional,
3)
expan¬
sive character.
Jędrzej
Giertych sought the sources of inspiration in Christian and
Catholic thought As a one of the ideologists of Stronninctwo
Narodowe
(National
Party) he appealed for a return of a situation in which religion would form the
norms that regulate social and public life, he called for basing worldview on Catho¬
lic principles. Taking into consideration Christians ideas, he precisely determined
the catalogue of preferred political values. They were:
1)
belief in God,
2)
national
tradition,
3)
the need of hierarchy and authority and
4)
the desire for moral revival.
Jerzy Plis
Catholic Church on the Airuwes
(1927-1939)
Catholic circles accepted the appearance of a new medium, the radio, well because
of its characteristic features. The clergy was interested in the radio from its begin¬
ning. They noticed the need to use the radio for Church s purposes. They pointed to
Summary
397
the necessity of greater interest in radio broadcasting by Church authorities. Much
controversy aroused about directions of activities in this sphere. They referred to
experiences of Catholics in other countries. Three different attitudes to the radio
in the
1920s
could be noticed:
1)
its boycott,
2)
cooperation with the Polish Radio,
3)
tendency to run their own radio station. The boycott of a radio was more com¬
monly regarded as completely improper . The most popular was the concept of
cooperation with the Polish Radio. The Polish Radio was regarded as the only ra¬
dio station in the world that started its programme with a religious song; When
the Dawn Awaking on weekdays and with
Ave
Maria on Sundays and church
holidays. Cooperation of Catholic side with the Polish Radio was, with a few ex¬
ceptions, good. More radio programmes were broadcast in regional radio stations.
In nationwide programmes, there was only a broadcast of a mass on Sundays and
church holidays, a special programme for ill people and a mission programme.
The May mass and Mary s vespers were broadcast too. From time to time a listener
could hear talks and lectures on religious subjects. More religious subjects could
be heard during the Holy Week and Christmas. Polish Radio willingly broadcast
various religious meetings. The outbreak of World War
2
stopped the cooperation
between Catholic church and the Polish Radio.
Kamil Mazurek
The Second Vatican Council in Political
Thought of
Jerzy
Тигошісг
The Second Vatican Council was the greatest event both in the history of a Roman
Catholic church and in general history of recent years Lasting four years
(1962-1965)
the Council discussed the most important issues concerning the place and role of
Roman Catholic church in contemporary world.
Jerzy Turowicz
with other people from
Tygodnik Powszechny
treated this
event with enthusiasm. They expected major changes in the Church which were
initiated by the encyclical Rerum novarum by the Pope Leo
XIII.
The events (on
Catholic grounds) that started in the
1930s
gave rise to the upcoming changes.
The Second Vatican Council played an important role in Turowicz journalism
and political thought. He analysed the reasons of summoning the Second Vatican
Council, its deliberations, evaluated its decisions and followed up realization of
post
-
council provisions. Turowicz perceived the phenomenon of the Council
subjectively, he treated it as something of great value and importance. Subjectivism
resulted in double way of perceiving realizations of post-council provisions. On one
398
Summary
hand, he expected that the provisions would be implemented in the widest possible
aspect and on the other the realization of these provisions on Polish ground did
not fulfill the expectations and hopes of
Kraków
circles.
Marta Szczypek
Selected Issues of Human Rights in Catholic Social Teaching
This article deals with selected issues of human rights in Catholic social teach¬
ing. The rights which have been analyzed are: dignity, freedom, family rights and
right to work. Great humanism which comes from the teachings of the Catholic
Church allow to refer issues of fundamental rights of the human person. Dignity
appears as the basis for all other personal demands. No one can be deprive
ofthat
law. In doctrine of Catholic Church freedom is understood very broadly: political,
religious, social and economic freedom. Freedom is the possibility of unrestricted
development of its personality. Social freedom, in turn, is an unfettered ability
of all human persons, members of the community, to contribute to the common
good. Catholic social teaching strongly emphasizes the importance of family in
this very individualistic contemporary world. The life of a nation depends on the
strength and health of the family. It is the first and fundamental human commu¬
nity, environment, life and love. Social rights and among them the right to work
is a specific type of rights due to a mechanism for their implementation, which
relates to specific content. This work defines the human dimension of existence on
earth. Undoubtedly, the statements contained in Catholic social teaching provide
a powerful contribution to the development of modern catalog of human rights.
Magdalena
Wojtoń
Genesis and Formation of Christian Democracy in Italy
at the end of the 19th and Beginning of the 20th Centuries
Christianity constitutes one of the pillars of European culture and tradition. Church
has always been active in political life of monarchies and empires, very often par¬
ticipating in exercising authority. The French Revolution changed the balance of
powers and abilities of functioning of the Church in political life at the turn of the
19th and the 20th centuries. This article presents subsequent consequences of socio¬
political changes which contributed to the formation of Christian Democracy in
Summary
399
Italy. The article presents the main political actors from the end of the 19th century
who developed their political activities on the base of social activity. Besides, the
article describes the questions of changes inside the Catholic Church and changes
in the way of thinking of subsequent Popes in Italy.
The article presents changes of Italian statehood, starting from
Risorgimento
till
the beginning of the United Italian Republic. Consequently, the author discussed
the problems of society which became the base for creating new views and ideas
that fulfilled the needs of society. Formation of a political movement was based
on subsequent encyclicals
,
including the most important one, Rerum Novarum.
Romoio Murriego,
Luigie Sturzo, Giuseppe Toniolo were the most important ide¬
ologists in Christian Democratic movement. The article compares the works of
fathers of Christian Democracy with conditions in which the thought was formed
and confronts the existence of Christian Democracy with the problems of activity
of socialists in Italy.
The article, at the same time, shows formation of other ChD groups until the
foundation of
Włoskiej Partii Ludowej
(Italian People s Party,
PPI)
evolution of
PPI
in the face of economic crisis including changes in the way of thinking of society,
and the fall of ChD. Presentation of Alcide
de Gasperie s
image of continuation
of political thought in conspiracy and after World war
2
which should convince
the readers about strong traditions of Christian Democratic movement in Italy
constitutes the summary of the article.
Agnieszka Rej
Family and Nation in the Teaching of Cardinal
Stefan
Wyszyński,
the Primate of Poland
Cardinal Stefan
Wyszyński
was born on 3rd August
1901
in Zuzela on the border
of
Podlasie
and
Mazowsze,
and died on 28th May
1981
in Warsaw. Great priest and
social activist, writer and editor and tutor, the Bishop of Lublin, cardinal and the
Primate of Poland. Eminent figure in the history of Polish Catholic Church who
is determined by history as the Primate of the Millennium. Primate
Wyszyński
served the Church and society his whole life. He undertook various problems in
his teaching. He tried to address his word to various groups of people, analysed
recent social problems and spoke in issues difficult both for the Church and the
Nation. Among many important problems there appeared two issues: family and
nation. Cardinal
Wyszyński
s
concern for family and nation was seen mainly in his
teaching which was based on the principles of Catholic faith and social teaching of
40O
Summary
Catholic church. Many pastoral initiatives
(
on every level of church hierarchy) were
undertaken on the basis of his teaching All this was supposed to serve unity and
solidarity of Polish family and nation. In times when Cardinal
Wyszyński
was the
Primate of Poland, a voice concerning family and nation was especially important.
Tomasz Koziełło
Elements of Catholic social teaching in the political thought
of
Liga Polskich Rodzin
(The League of Polish Families)
Liga Polskich Rodzin
(The League of Polish Families) has sought repeatedly in their
programs and statements of their politicians to Catholic social teaching and the
teaching of the Roman Catholic Church. This was due to two reasons. First, the
belief that the Roman Catholic religion, as coming from God, the Creator of the
Earth and its rights, is the most appropriate religion in the world, building on best
values. Secondly, the traditions of the reign of Roman Catholicism in the Polish
lands, which rules have become an indispensable component of Polish civilization
and the foundation of human relationships. Therefore, the group was of the opinion
that the principles of the Roman Catholic Church should be the natural base of
political ideology, of course targeted at national goals and values, advocated by that
party. Thus, many elements of the political thought of LPR, such as the concept
of state, man, society and socio-economic policy was identical with the Christian
faith of the Catholic rite.
Joanna
Sanecka-Tyczyńska
Religion and Roman Catholic Church in Political Thought
of Prauro
i Spraujiedliuraść [Lam
and Justice]
(2001—2007)
Many inspirations that have their roots in the social teaching of Catholic Church
can be traced in Political thought of
Prawo i Sprawiedliwość.
Such principles of
social Catholic teaching as solidarity, subsidiarity and common good were regarded
as indispensable for correct functioning of a state and society. The party of
Jarosław
Kaczyński
and
Lech Kaczyński
very often referred to Christian values, regarding
those values fundamental because they constituted the basis of the development
of a family, society, Polish state and finally Europe.
Summary
401
PiS politicians frequently referred to morality and Christian values in political and
social life causing the return of the language of morality to politics. The aim of the
party was, widely understood, moral revolution in politics, economy and social
spheres. It was considered that strong moral basis, with its roots in Christianity,
would raise the authority of the state and integrate the government with society. It
was thought, not without reasons, that the state that lacked moral principles would
be the subject of pathologies, become less effective and hostile to its citizens and
that moral crises of the state would threaten the stability of social structures and
national ties.
Catholic Church was regarded as the only depositary of the values that should
regulate the moral order. Favouring the Catholic Church resulted from pragmatic
and worldview reasons
-
recognition of its social influences and impact on the na¬
tional consciousness of Poles. Catholic Church, according to PiS politicians, could
play the role of a factor which determined moral revival of public life. Relations
between the state and the Church were based on the principle of autonomy and
mutual cooperation, creating the model of a state.
Anna
Szwed
The Role of Catholic Church in National
State in Periodical
Opoka
National Democracy was not unanimous as far as the role of Church in national
state was concerned. Two attitude on the role of Church can be distinguished: as
national institution and as one of religious communities. This division was com¬
patible with the division of National Democracy, made by the founder of
Opoka
-
Jędrzej
Giertych, into the camp of the old and the camp of the young .
Jędrzej
Giertych belonged to the camp of the young . This group saw the role
of Church not only in the sphere of morality. According to them in a national
state the Church should be active in the field of supporting national culture, up¬
bringing young generation, in creation of law and in politics. At the same time
J. Giertych made the fate of a state and nation contingent on society s religiousness
He also pointed to the fact that departure the Poles from the faith was the cause
of partitions. In this way the founder of
Opoka
objectified the society who was
supposed to be homogenous and acted according to Catholic principles. Besides,
the Polish nation had a mission which was to defend and propagate the orthodoxy
in a Catholic Church.
402
Summary
The role of the Church in this vision dominated over the role of a state. It was the
Church that decided about the most important issues in the state. Besides, Polish
nation was inextricably linked with Catholicism because of its security and mission.
Ewa Maj
Catholic Journalism in Modern Poland on the example of the
Monthly
Notuy Przegląd Wszechpolski
(Nem
All-Polish Reviem)
Catholic journalism belongs to sub-genre of religious journalism which aim is to
promote ideological and political contents based on the Catholic system of values.
It constitutes part of specialized journalism which contained statement concerning
current events in order to shape public opinion in religious spirit. It belongs to the
domain of political journalism because it contains elements of information and
interpretation with regard to economic, cultural and political issues in accordance
with chosen, Catholic outlook. Its elements serve, ex definitione, political persuasion
contained in various categories of utterances, comprising all sets of writing forms
such as article, feature article, commentary, correspondence, chronicle, polemic,
reportage, interview. The content falls into church orthodoxy, the theme focuses
on problems of religious belief and popularized model of man s life is based on
social teaching of Church.
The authors of press texts published in
Nowy Przegląd Wszechpolski
fulfilled
the demands placed on Catholic journalism. The history of this periodical reached
1994
when the first number was published. All the time it published articles, feature
articles, interviews which subject oscillated around religious, church, moral issues.
The journalists much attention devoted to the problems of spiritual development
of the nation. They focused on historical and modern issues, writing about the
question of presence of Catholicism in public and private sphere of life of Poles.
Antoni Krawczyh
Foreign control of religious literature
in the Russian Empire in the years
1852-1855
In the State Archives in Lublin in the acts of
Gubernator
Lublin for the years
1837-
1866,
ref.
148,
unit No.
115,
there is, derived from the printing imperial Academy
of Sciences in St. Petersburg, incomplete, and still valuable to researchers, drawn
Summary 403
up by the foreign department of the Empire of censorship for the years
1852-1855,
a list of books printed abroad. Censorship of this division seemed decisions which
of them can be put into circulation in the Empire as a whole, which in part, and
which should be strictly prohibited. The subjects of the censorship of foreign divi¬
sion were foreign literary works brought into the Empire from different publishing
houses abroad. Among them were the works of Polish-language extruded outside
the Empire. The purpose of this discussion is to focus on the ratio of the Empire
to the censorship of books published abroad, relating to religious matters, with
the emphasis on scientific work, devotional, and literary. Taking into account only
the final records for each year it may be said that the censorship controlled over
3,600
works covering a variety of topics: encyclopedias, dictionaries, book series,
calendars, journals, manuals, guides, books, philosophy, history, politics, the sci¬
ences, social sciences, literature, theater and music. Many of the books concerned
the religious questions, and that aspect is the main focus of this study.
Eleonora Kirwiel
Reflections of Religious Structure and Nationality
in North-Eastern Borderlands of the Second Republic
of Poland (on the basis of national census from
1931)
North-Eastern Borderlands of interwar period were the country of many nations,
religions and cultures. The largest national groups were: Poles, followers of Catholi¬
cism, who dominated in
Wilno
province and in the North districts of
Nowogródek
province; orthodox Byelorussians resided in provinces bordering with the USSR
and in the south of
Nowogródek
province; there were also Jews who constituted
a significant percentage of urban population.
JózefSądej
Obstacles to collaboration betmeen the Roman
Catholic Church and the Government of the Polish
People s Republic in the years
1945-1981
Atheism as a force imposed on Poland after
1945,
developed by educational, political,
various social organizations, youth, etc., which benefited from the support of promi¬
nent government. Ks. Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, the bishops and the society of
404
Summary
believers seemed perfectly aware of this situation, that people who believe in Poland
are discriminated against, marginalized and persecuted. Primate took the floor, he
warned, he asked, commented moves the communist authorities. The intensity of
public atheism and fight with the Church was particular in Poland after the Second
Vatican Council. Ks. Primate and the Polish Episcopate fought a defensive battle
with atheism fending off attacks, straightening ideas, commenting on the press
reviews of the government or official instructions, which were confidentially sent
to different institutions. The problem of imposed and enforced atheism in Poland
has not been resolved through talks, its setbacks at least for a time made only after
the achievements of the Solidarity movement in
1980-1981,
and after
1989.
Ideo¬
logical and political activities of the people s state were characterized by hostility
to the Roman Catholic Church and its hierarchy. Numerous factors cited by the
institutions of the communist authorities were supposed to destroy the Catholic
Church, among others through acts of administrative and legal decisions of the
party-state authorities, the establishment of the Office for Religious Affairs at the
Council of Ministers.
Stanislaw
Stępka
Peasants and Conflicts the State- Church in the years
1956—1970
During the rules of
Władysław Gomułka
the relations between party-state authori¬
ties and Roman Catholic Church underwent deep evolution. The Church was, at
that times, experiencing one of the most important events in its history
-
thou¬
sandth anniversary of the baptism of Poland. Post-October thaw caused a short
term relaxation in relation between the state and the Church. This period was char¬
acterized by the change of tactics in denominational policy as far as the government
was concerned. The authorities promised to reform the relation of the party and
government to the Church. But
Gomułka
put forward some conditions. Church
hierarchy was supposed to close itself in church and did not engage into social
and political issues. This sphere of activity was reserved for so called progressive
catholic movement . In their educational policy the bishops met a strong resist¬
ance from state authorities for whom the activity of Church prevented society from
secularization. The most neuralgic spheres were: teaching of religion, presence of
religious emblems in schools, building of sacral objects, peregrination of the picture
of St. Mary of
Częstochowa
and celebration of the millennium of the baptism of
Poland. All these formed suitable attitudes of inhabitants of rural areas. For them it
was a fight in defence of religion, values and traditions in which they were brought
Summary 405
up. Church was also a sanctuary of their independence and land ownership. They
remembered very well that communists, with collectivization, attacked Roman
Catholic church. It seems that in the
1960s
peasants regarded Church as a defender
of those values that were very dear for them Due to the involvement of peasants
in social activity which was connected with the defence of the above mentioned
values, there were formed ties outside the control of the state that made impossible
to stretch full control over the whole society.
Romuald Turkowski
Zjednoczone Stronnictura
Ludome
(United Peasant Party)
and Social-Economic Reconstruction of Poland
(1971-1980)
In the
1970s
ZSL was able to keep central headquarter (a few hundred of persons)
and a net of provincial and commune offices due to large financial resources. At
the end of the
1970s
the number of ZSL members was about
500 000.
and on com¬
mune level the Party was really an organizational power. ZSL, in those times, was
incapacitated and its role was to transmit guidelines of party authorities . Such
treatment had its consequences. With the approval of ZSL leaders, ZSL was in¬
doctrinated. In the
1970s
the drama was that being unable to be an independent
partner in inter-party relations, it lost not only its subjectivity but could not pro¬
tect peasants against harmful programmes and methods of operation of political
authorities and state administration. So it lost confidence of its social base. In the
1970s
there occurred a full identification of ZSL leadership with the socialistic state.
According to the Statute, ZSL was an important pillar supporting socio-political
and economic system of Polish Peoples Republic. In April
1971,
the Political Bureau
of Central Committee and the Presidium of ZSL accepted guidelines concerning
the tasks of agriculture in
1971-1975.
They were based on the main principle of
agricultural policy of
PZPR
(Polish United Workers Party) and ZSL, namely on
synchronization of the growth of agricultural production with creation conditions
for socialistic social, economic changes in the country. ZSL suggestions had to be
consistent with the suggestions of
PZPR.
The leaders of
PZPR
and ZSL wanted to
fuse the individual agriculture with the state and cooperative sector
(
by means of
economic dependence). At the end of
1970s
it appeared that agricultural policy of
PZPR-ZSL was a failure.
40б
Summary
Krystyna Trembicka
Mediator, Observer and Witness of History.
Catholic Church and the Round Table
Polish United Workers Party
(PZPR)
made a decision concerning agreement with
part of anticommunist opposition without legitimization, in the face of political
conflict between communist establishment and its supporters and opposition which
part of the society identified with and during economic crisis. The authorities
realized that they could not carry out reforms without tactical alliance with part
of opposition supported by Catholic church.
PZPR
authorities treated the Church
instrumentally because (besides critical remarks directed to concrete priest) they
were indispensable for conducting direct talks with the opposition. Previously there
were made attempts to normalize relations with the Church. It was considered
that good relations between the state and the Church would be the foundation of
political, socio-economic and outlook changes. The Round Table could not take
place without engagement of representatives of Roman Catholic Church. During
negotiations the Church played mediating role, prompted consensual solutions and
provided location for talks. Church representatives were mediators and postmen
who transferred information about views of the parties, affected the position of
authorities and opposition. Both sides also wanted to have a reliable witness. Par¬
ticipants unanimously confirmed participation of archbishop
Bronisław Dąbrowski,
bishop
Tadeusz Gocławski
and rev.
Alojzy Orszulik
who operated under the man¬
date of the Episcopate, in preparation for the Round table. During strikes and
preparations for the Round Table, the Church aspired to the role of an arbitrator.
Since it was not a party to the dispute, the Church was able to facilitate meetings of
people with different moral values and who were political opponents. The Catholic
Church, through the presence of its representatives, gave credence to the Round
Table. At the same time it became the witness of history, that was not easy because
the Round Table arose and still arises controversies.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| building | Verbundindex |
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| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV040699556 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:31:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788377841198 |
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| publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej |
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| spelling | Kościół, religia, myśl katolicka studia i szkice ofiarowane profesorowi Antoniemu Mieczkowskiemu z okazji 70 rocznicy urodzin red. naukowa Ewa Maj [et al.] Lublin Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 2012 420 s. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassungen in engl. Sprache Bibliogr. w przypisach. Indeks Mieczkowski, Antoni / (1941- ) jhpk Katholische Kirche (DE-588)2009545-4 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Księgi pamiątkowe / Polska / Lublin jhpk Księgi pamiątkowe / Polska / 1990- jhpk Kościół katolicki / Polska / miscellanea jhpk Kościół katolicki / doktryna społeczna / miscellanea jhpk Kościół i państwo / Polska / miscellanea jhpk Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)4016928-5 Festschrift gnd-content Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s Katholische Kirche (DE-588)2009545-4 b Geschichte z DE-604 Maj, Ewa 1957- Sonstige (DE-588)1050858808 oth Mieczkowski, Antoni 1941- (DE-588)1030281912 hnr Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025680125&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025680125&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Kościół, religia, myśl katolicka studia i szkice ofiarowane profesorowi Antoniemu Mieczkowskiemu z okazji 70 rocznicy urodzin Mieczkowski, Antoni / (1941- ) jhpk Katholische Kirche (DE-588)2009545-4 gnd Księgi pamiątkowe / Polska / Lublin jhpk Księgi pamiątkowe / Polska / 1990- jhpk Kościół katolicki / Polska / miscellanea jhpk Kościół katolicki / doktryna społeczna / miscellanea jhpk Kościół i państwo / Polska / miscellanea jhpk Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)2009545-4 (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4046496-9 (DE-588)4143413-4 (DE-588)4016928-5 |
| title | Kościół, religia, myśl katolicka studia i szkice ofiarowane profesorowi Antoniemu Mieczkowskiemu z okazji 70 rocznicy urodzin |
| title_auth | Kościół, religia, myśl katolicka studia i szkice ofiarowane profesorowi Antoniemu Mieczkowskiemu z okazji 70 rocznicy urodzin |
| title_exact_search | Kościół, religia, myśl katolicka studia i szkice ofiarowane profesorowi Antoniemu Mieczkowskiemu z okazji 70 rocznicy urodzin |
| title_full | Kościół, religia, myśl katolicka studia i szkice ofiarowane profesorowi Antoniemu Mieczkowskiemu z okazji 70 rocznicy urodzin red. naukowa Ewa Maj [et al.] |
| title_fullStr | Kościół, religia, myśl katolicka studia i szkice ofiarowane profesorowi Antoniemu Mieczkowskiemu z okazji 70 rocznicy urodzin red. naukowa Ewa Maj [et al.] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kościół, religia, myśl katolicka studia i szkice ofiarowane profesorowi Antoniemu Mieczkowskiemu z okazji 70 rocznicy urodzin red. naukowa Ewa Maj [et al.] |
| title_short | Kościół, religia, myśl katolicka |
| title_sort | kosciol religia mysl katolicka studia i szkice ofiarowane profesorowi antoniemu mieczkowskiemu z okazji 70 rocznicy urodzin |
| title_sub | studia i szkice ofiarowane profesorowi Antoniemu Mieczkowskiemu z okazji 70 rocznicy urodzin |
| topic | Mieczkowski, Antoni / (1941- ) jhpk Katholische Kirche (DE-588)2009545-4 gnd Księgi pamiątkowe / Polska / Lublin jhpk Księgi pamiątkowe / Polska / 1990- jhpk Kościół katolicki / Polska / miscellanea jhpk Kościół katolicki / doktryna społeczna / miscellanea jhpk Kościół i państwo / Polska / miscellanea jhpk Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mieczkowski, Antoni / (1941- ) Katholische Kirche Księgi pamiątkowe / Polska / Lublin Księgi pamiątkowe / Polska / 1990- Kościół katolicki / Polska / miscellanea Kościół katolicki / doktryna społeczna / miscellanea Kościół i państwo / Polska / miscellanea Politik Polen Aufsatzsammlung Festschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025680125&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025680125&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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