Dług śmiertelności wypłacić potrzeba wybór testamentów mieszczan krakowskich z XVII - XVIII wieku
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Kraków
Polska Akademia Umiejętności
2011
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Rozprawy Wydziału Historyczno-Filozoficznego
112 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Dług śmiertelności wypłacić potrzeba |b wybór testamentów mieszczan krakowskich z XVII - XVIII wieku |c oprac. Ewa Danowska |
| 264 | 1 | |a Kraków |b Polska Akademia Umiejętności |c 2011 | |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Rozprawy Wydziału Historyczno-Filozoficznego |v 112 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819699506277515264 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis treści
wstęp
.......................................................................................
vii
Wykaz dokumentów
................................................................XXXI
Wykaz skrótów zastosowanych w tekstach źródłowych i przypisach
.........XXXV
TESTAMENTY
................................................................................ 1
Słownik wyrazów staropolskich i rzadziej używanych
............................201
ANEKS
...................................................................................... 207
Indeks osób (oprać. Joanna M. Dziewulska)
..............................................211
Indeks nazw topograficznych (oprać. Joanna M. Dziewulska)
......................... 227
Summary
.................................................................................... 233
Spis ilustracji
................................................................................ 237
Ilustracje
Summary
„The Debt of Moriality must be paid .
a selection testaments from cracow residents
from the
xvii
and
xviii
centuries
Last wills and testaments constitute an invaluable source of information about
culture, both material and spiritual, which is becoming more and more appreciated by
historians. They provide a true picture of people s mentality in a given epoch and enable
the reconstruction of the author s economic activity. Being in the decline of his life, a man
would make his last will in order to settle his earthy and family affairs and thus be able to
face his expected death. While testaments are an unfailing source of information about
material and spiritual culture, they may also be used to establish the financial status and
family relationships of the testator. The testament was one of the elements of preparation
for death. A great deal of space was devoted to God and faith
—
the only true one
—
into
which the testator was born and accepted, and in which he lived to the end. It can be said
that the act of making the will was considered to be the closure of human life. A will was
sometimes made on the deathbed, at the moment went one s life was directly threatened, in
the presence of witnesses, often including the municipal writer. It could also be made
when the testator was setting out on a long, often dangerous journey, or perhaps many
years before death, in the testator s full force of life. A last will and testament is a form of
communication which performs a declarative function, while also conveying information
and emotions which are understandable to everyone through its form and content.
Last wills were made by magnates and nobles, regardless of their religious beliefs or
family and financial situations, as well as by people earning their living with their own
hands, including peasants and clergyman. The testaments of Polish burghers have not
been neglected by historians. It is worth mentioning that the municipal law of succession
was much different form the land of law of succession and was not restricted to such an
extent.
Both women and men were equally entitled to inherit. The arrangement of old Polish
testaments was determined by tradition and includes common elements. The principles of
will-making and the usual inclusions take a different form in each document, sometimes
beautiful as literature, or interesting and characteristic for other reasons. Although the
primary function of the testament is in the sphere of law, each document expresses
the personal traits of its author, characterised by individual experiences, emotions, and
reflections. The will is not only a legal document, but through the form of the testator s
pronouncements, it expresses the author s mentality and awareness. It allows readers to
234
Summary
discern the patterns of behavior that the members of the society
ofthat
time were obliged
to follow, which were shaped by Christian spirituality. Each testament includes „pious
bequests
-
legacies for the churches and monasteries. These are concerned with the
salvation of one s soul, for which cause numerous prayers and masses were ordered. The
legacies are more or less generous, depending on the wealth and financial status of
the testator. They also reveal the popularity of particular churches, monasteries, or broth¬
erhoods among the burghers.
Another thing worth noting in the content of the wills is the mention of articles of
everyday life, as well as such things as paintings and books. Certain testaments reveal the
testator s attitude towards death, family, and faith, and about his willingness to forgive
the sins of others. In nearly all of the documents in the present collection we can find
warm words addressed by the testator to his or her spouse, and the author s attitude
toward his children. The documents mention Cracow s churches and monasteries from
the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, which were not only places of worship, but also
the final resting-places of Cracow s deceased burghers
-
both buildings and churchyard
cemeteries. Most wills include instructions concerning the author s funeral, with the most
common feature being the statement that it should be conducted in the „Christian way.
All the testaments included in the present edition are authentic documents and com
from the manuscript with the pressmark
428,
belonging to the Scientific Library of the
Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow.
They constitute part of the collection of
Jan Wincenty Smoniewski,
which bears the press¬
marks
395-504.
Smoniewski bequeathed his collection of documents to the Cracow
Scientific Society in his will made on the tenth day of December
1867.
Manuscript
428,
from which the
testments
in the present publication come, com¬
prises
373
pages. The documents are primarily arranged in chronological order, according
to the dates upon which they were drawn up. There are nine testaments in Latin made
between the years
1506-1715,
and twelve in German from
1504-1568.
The rest are in
Polish with shorter or longer Latin insertions added extensively. Among them are
28
tes¬
taments written in the sixteenth century,
35
in the seventeenth century, and
41
in the
eighteenth century. The present edition includes
47
selected testaments, which constitute
one-third of all the documents collected by
Jan Wincenty
Smoniewski. The documents
were selected for the sake of their content, characteristic features, and interesting facts.
The style and beauty of the language were taken into consideration, as well as the extent
ofinformation
given about the testator and the circle of people in which he lived.
The author of this edition tried to discover whether the testament of a given person
was recorded in the official municipal books, and if so, when. It has been established that
from among the
47
testaments included,
27
of them were included in the files. The files
are preserved in the
Stete
Archive in Cracow under the name
Testemente
in
Officio
Consulari Cracoviensi,
pressmark
772-784,
encompassing the years
1427-1862.
Nine
testments
from the present collection were moved to the correct files there. In the asses¬
sors files
(Acte Scabinalia
Cracoviensis, Inscriptiones, pressmark
31-55)
fourteen docu¬
ments from the present collection were moved to the proper files or registry.
Of the
47
testaments published here,
34
were by men and
14
by women. Together the
number is larger by one, because one testament was written by two female friends who
were servants. The testaments from the present collection were written between
1613
and
Summary
235
1789.
From the seventeenth century (that is, until
1700)
there are nineteen wills included.
Among the testators are
13
men and
6
women. From the eighteenth century there are
21
men and
8
women (including the above-mentioned women who made a common will).
The social and financial status of the testators varies. There are five documents from
Cracow city councillors, three testaments from Cracow assessors, and two from assessors
of the German Higher Law, from the the royal castle, as well as the will of a mayor of
Stradom. In general, the financial status of these people was good, as they engaged
in trade or some other profitable activities as well as holding their offices. There are also
cases in which the testator did not reveal his occupation or profession, thus the list of the
testators names included at the beginning of the volume lists a profession or position
only when it is a certainty, without doubt. However, the content of the will sometimes
reveals the profession of the testator, and in this way we learn that two of them were
tailors and three were goldsmiths, while two others were servants. We find a printer,
butcher, belt-maker, doctor of medicine, and a professor from the Cracow Academy. In
five cases, the testator identified himself as a merchant. When making a will, women
usually included their husband s profession, whether alive or deceased.
The documents published here can be interesting reading but also serve as a basis or
starting point for genealogical and biographical studies. They provide a picture of the
mentality, financial status, and veryday life of Cracow s burghers, and of the city, in
the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
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| geographic | Krakau (DE-588)4073760-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Krakau |
| id | DE-604.BV040029591 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-24T02:38:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788376760803 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024886505 |
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| physical | 238, [2] s., [24] s. tabl. il. - Ill. 25 cm. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Polska Akademia Umiejętności |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Rozprawy Wydziału Historyczno-Filozoficznego |
| series2 | Rozprawy Wydziału Historyczno-Filozoficznego |
| spellingShingle | Dług śmiertelności wypłacić potrzeba wybór testamentów mieszczan krakowskich z XVII - XVIII wieku Rozprawy Wydziału Historyczno-Filozoficznego Testament (DE-588)4059555-9 gnd Bürgertum (DE-588)4069722-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4059555-9 (DE-588)4069722-8 (DE-588)4073760-3 (DE-588)4135952-5 |
| title | Dług śmiertelności wypłacić potrzeba wybór testamentów mieszczan krakowskich z XVII - XVIII wieku |
| title_auth | Dług śmiertelności wypłacić potrzeba wybór testamentów mieszczan krakowskich z XVII - XVIII wieku |
| title_exact_search | Dług śmiertelności wypłacić potrzeba wybór testamentów mieszczan krakowskich z XVII - XVIII wieku |
| title_full | Dług śmiertelności wypłacić potrzeba wybór testamentów mieszczan krakowskich z XVII - XVIII wieku oprac. Ewa Danowska |
| title_fullStr | Dług śmiertelności wypłacić potrzeba wybór testamentów mieszczan krakowskich z XVII - XVIII wieku oprac. Ewa Danowska |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dług śmiertelności wypłacić potrzeba wybór testamentów mieszczan krakowskich z XVII - XVIII wieku oprac. Ewa Danowska |
| title_short | Dług śmiertelności wypłacić potrzeba |
| title_sort | dlug smiertelnosci wyplacic potrzeba wybor testamentow mieszczan krakowskich z xvii xviii wieku |
| title_sub | wybór testamentów mieszczan krakowskich z XVII - XVIII wieku |
| topic | Testament (DE-588)4059555-9 gnd Bürgertum (DE-588)4069722-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Testament Bürgertum Krakau Quelle |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024886505&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024886505&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV008199286 |
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