Migranti v Sloveniji med integracijo in alienacijo
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| Sprache: | Slovenian |
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Univ. Založba Annales
2010
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| 008 | 111103s2010 xx ad|| |||| 00||| slv d | ||
| 020 | |a 9789616732192 |9 978-961-6732-19-2 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)767762418 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV039681681 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a slv | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
| 084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Migranti v Sloveniji |b med integracijo in alienacijo |c zbrali in uredili: Karmen Medica ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Koper |b Univ. Založba Annales |c 2010 | |
| 300 | |a 270 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Einwanderer |0 (DE-588)4151434-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Soziale Integration |0 (DE-588)4077570-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Soziale Probleme |0 (DE-588)4139770-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |a Aufsatzsammlung |2 gnd-content | |
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| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Medica, Karmen |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024530667&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024530667&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819720029398106112 |
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| adam_text | Kazalo
Predgovor |
7
Analiza stanja: Teoretsko-analitični okvir migracij
Mojca Pajnik:
Sociálno
državljanstvo, migracije
in
trg
dela |
13
Karmen
Medica: Sodobni integracijski procesi
in
kontroverznosti
krožnih migracij |
37
Ursula Lipovec
Čebron: Šlepa
pega
evropskega zdravstva: analiza
nekaterih vidikov zdravja migrantov |
57
Janez Mlačič: Zaposlovanje tujcev
in
imigracije
v
Sloveniji |
83
Mojca Medvešek, Romana
Bester: Migrantski
otroci v slovenském
šolskem
sistemu |
97
Vloga deležnikov: migracijski
top-down in bottom-up
Goran
Lukič: Delavci migranti
v
času ekonomske krize
-
ali kakšna je
razlika med delavci
in
delovno silo |
129
Admir
Baltic:
Integracija bošnjaške skupnosti
v
Sloveniji |
147
Jaka Nemanič: Življenjski pogoji gradbenih delavcev, ki živijo
v
samskih domovih (predstavitev dveh primerov
s
terena) |
159
Migracije, globalizacija,
človekove pravice
Barbara
Górnik:
Človekove
pravice
-
utopija sodobnega sveta |
171
Franci Zlatar:
Možnost
dela
in
zaposlovanja prisilnih migrantov
v
Sloveniji I
193
Franci Jazbec: Migracijska
in
integracijska politika
v
Sloveniji
-
Vloga
javne uprave
in
civilne družbe |
205
Marijanca Ajša Vižontin:
Otroci
priseljencev: zakonodaja
in
prve
izkušnje I
221
Razstava plakatov: Fotografska razstava
ob 18.
decembru
-
Svetovnem
dnevu migrantov |
241
Povzetki
/
Abstracts |
245
Mnenja recenzentk |
269
Povzetki
Abstracts
MOJCA
PaíNIK
Sociálno
državljanstvo, migracije
in
trg
dela
V
besediłu
se
ukvarjamo
s
pojmom državljanstva, pri čemer kritično prevpra-
sujemo njegove politične
in
apolitične konceptualizacije. Državljanstvo uvodoma
opredelimo
kot
pripadnost politični skupnosti, ki omogoča delovanje
v
javni sferi.
Pozornost posvetimo razpravi
о
političnosti državljanstva skozi zgodovino
in pri
tem ugotavljamo, da ima izginjanje politične dimenzije državljanstva za posledico
izključevanje določenih
skupin
iz politične skupnosti. Posebno pozornost posvetimo
sociálnemu
državljanstvu
in
ugotavljamo veljavnost pojma na primeru delovnih
in sociaínih politik v
odnosu
do migraiitov. Izhajamo
iz teze, da
so
nacionálne
države
sociálno
državljanstvo prevzele
kot
mehanizem blaženja napetosti kapitali-
stičnc družbe
in
izravnavanja razredne neenakosti»
s
cimer je prišlo do podrejanja
socialnega državljanstva ekonomski
logiki
trga. Besedilo problematizira
sociálno
državljanstvo
kot
strategijo krožnega pogojevanja življenj migrantovna primeru
aktualnih
politik v
Sloveniji. Državljanstvo empirično premišljamo
z obravnavo
institucionalnega vidika (analiza politik trga
dela,
migracijske politike)
in v
razpravi
245
Migranti
y slovf.niji
·-
mìììì in tkgracijo in
λι,ιεναγιιο
odpremo
prostor
za
naracije migrantk. Pri ponazoritvah
(ne)delovanja socialnega
državljanstva
se
tako sklicujemo na naracije,
pridobljene
ζ
biografskimi intervjuji
z migrantkami v
Sloveniji.
Social
Citizenship, Migrations and Labour
Market
The paper discusses the concept of citizenship by critically exploring its political
and apolitical conceptualizations. It begins by defining citizenship as association with
a political community that enables public engagement, and continues by discussing
political aspects of citizenship through history in order to establish that the disap¬
pearance of its political dimension leads to the exclusion of certain groups from the
political community. It pays special attention to social citizenship and investigates
its feasibility by considering policies on migrants in the fields of employment and
social welfare. The discussion is based on the thesis that nation-states have adopted
social citizenship as a mechanism of mitigating tensions of capitalist society and
balancing class inequality, which has resulted in the submission of social citizenship
to the market logic. The paper problematizes social citizenship as the strategy of cir¬
cularly conditioning migrants lives by taking into consideration concrete policies in
Slovenia. Citizenship is subjected to empirical reflection by exploring the institutional
framework (analysis of policies related to the labour market and migration) and by
studying narratives of female migrants in Slovenia. Their narrations collected through
biographical interviews are used to demonstrate the (inefficiency of social citizenship.
Karmen
Medica
Sodobni integracijski procesi
in
kontroverznosti
krožnih migracij
Migracije
so
postale osrednji fenomen za razumevanje sodobnih globalnih
problémov:
revščine, neenakomernega razvoja, trgovine
z ljudmi,
multikulturalizma
in
tuđi terorizma.
Danes
so v
temeljih ekonomskega
in
socialnega življenja večine
246
PovzETKi
/
Abstracts
držav
in so zrasle do
takšne oblike,
da
nihče več
ne
more predvidevati
različnih
migracijskih pojavnih oblik, še manj pa posledic.
Vsenavzoči migracijski vplivi
v
današnji družbi opozarjajo, da je sama migra¬
cijska terminologija postala politično manipulativna
in
konceptualno neuporabna.
Čedalje večjo težo pridobiva instrument krožnih migracij.
V
osnovi slednjih
je pokriti potrebe na trgu
dela,
predvsem
eu,
prispevati
к
razvoju
držav
izvora
in
preprečevanje spreminjanja krožne migracije
v
trajno. Rotacijski koncept krožnih
migracij se je
v
teoriji
pokazał kot
kontradiktoren,
v
praksi
kot
dolgoročno neu-
poraben, etično pa nesprejemljiv.
Najem
delavcev za določen čas
s
predpostavko
vrnitve
v
matično državo je kratkoročna rešitev, namesto tega bi kazalo bolj ali
manj kratkoročne
in nekontinuirane
migracijske politike
in
integracijske strategije,
modele
in
koncepte usmerjati
v
kontinuirane
in
aplikativne.
Pri oblikovanju migracijskih
politik
in
strategij
sta v ospredju dva
elementa:
prvi je reguliranje migracijskih
tokov,
drugi je usmerjen na ukrepe, namenjene
migrantom
v
državah sprejema.
V
praksi pa opažamo vse več izključevanja
v
imenu
vključevanja, nepripadnosti
v
imenu pripadnosti, alienacije
v
imenu integracije.
Migracija predstavlja premik
v
geografskem prostoru
in je
kot taka
enkratno dejanje,
pri integracijah pa gre za procesualnost, za strategije razvoja, za ključne elemente
razumevanja in tematiziranja
sodobnega sveta.
Contemporary Integration Processes and
Controversial Aspects of Circular Migrations
Migrations have become the principal phenomenon for understanding contempo¬
rary global problems: poverty, unequal development, human trafficking, multicultural-
ism and even terrorism. Nowadays, they affect the economic and social foundations
of most states, having increased so drastically that no one can foresee their various
manifestations, not to mention their consequences. Their omnipresent effects in todays
society reveal that migration-related terminology has become a subject of political
manipulation, and that its concepts have proved inapplicable to reality.
Recently, the use of the instrument of circular migration has been on increase.
Its principal aim is to fill the gaps in the labour market, particularly that of the
eu,
to facilitate the development of migrants countries of origin, and to prevent circular
migration from turning into permanent. In theory, the rotational concept of circular
migration has proved to be contradictory; in practice, it has proved to be inappli¬
cable in the long run and unacceptable from the ethical point of view. Fixed-term
247
Migranti
v slovení)!
-
med integracijo
ín
auenacijo
employment of workers based on the presumption of their return to their country of
origin is only a short-term solution; instead of it, it would seem more reasonable to
transform more or less short-term and discontinuous migration polices and integra¬
tion strategies, models and concepts into continuous and applied ones.
Starting from the statement of the German sociologist Max
Frisch: Man
hat
Arbeit
Kräfte gerufen, und es kommen Menschen
( We asked for a workforce and
people came ), the paper investigates the integration strategies related to migrant
workers in Slovenia.
Standard practice shows that the Slovene state encourages immigration when in
need of new workforce, yet as a rule does not attend to the integration of migrants.
Moreover, they are often labelled as scapegoats and find themselves at the top of the
dismissal list in times of increased unemployment and social unrests.
Ursula
Lipovec Čebron
Slepa
pega
evropskega zdravstva: analiza
nekaterih vidikov
zdravja migrantov
Prispevek se ukvarja
z vprašanjem
udejanjanja zdravstvenih
pravic
migrantov
v
eu
ter
ožje,
v
Sloveniji. Avtorica ugotavlja, da na nivoju
eu ni
skupne zdra¬
vstvene politike do migrantov, obenem pa je to področje pomanjkljivo raziskano.
Neraziskanost zdravstvenega stanja te populacije ponuja plodna tla za oblikovanje
ksenofobnih
in
rasističnih
predstav,
kot
je konstrukt
о
kužnem migrantu,
ki
ga
avtorica podrobneje predstavi. Nasprotno od predstave
о
migrantih
kot
bolnih
in
kužnih posameznikih, ki ogrožajo zdravje staroselske populacije, pa mnoge
raziskave kažejo, da je zdravje migrantov običajno podobno ali boljše od ostalih
prebivalcev. Nekateri raziskovalci boljše zdravstveno stanje migrantov razlagajo
s
konceptom učinka zdravega migranta ki ga avtorica kritično analizira
ter
na
podlagi ekonomskih, kulturnih
in
pravnih vidikov pokaže, da je ta koncept sem-
plicističen
in
zavajujoč.
V
nadaljevanju prispevek
osvetli nekatere trende
vse bolj
restriktivnega dostopa do zdravstvenih institucij, predvsem za nedokumentirane
migrante. Na
primem
Nemčije
in
Italije, ki
sta na
deklarativni ravni zavezani
univerzalni pravici do zdravstva vseh prebivalcev, avtorica analizira številne nega¬
tivne zdravstvene učinke zakonskih določil, ki kriminalizirajo nedokumentirane
248
PovzETKi
/
Abstracts
migrante ter od zdravnikov zahtevajo, da
svoje bolnike
-
migrante prijavljajo
policiji.
Posledice
teh
izrazito rasističnih zakonskih določil povzroča dodatna
zdravstvena tveganja za nedokumentirane migrantke, ki
so v
času nosečnosti
in
poroda primorane poiskati zdravstveno
pomoč. V drugem
delu prispevka
avtorica
uvodoma predstavi daljše pričevanje delavca migranta
v
Sloveniji,
v nadaljevanju
pa
se, na podlagi etnografske raziskave med delavci migranti iz Bosne, posveti analizi
nekaterih vidikov zdravstva med to populacijo. Pri tem izpostavlja njihovo (ne)
informiranost
о
zdravstvenih pravicah, problem kratenja pravice do bolniškega
dopusta, otežen dostop do zdravljenja
v
slovenskih zdravstvenih institucijah
ter
nekatera zdravstvena tveganja pri
delu,
ki
so
posledica neprimerne delovne opreme,
prevelikih delovnih obremenitev
in predolgega delovnega urnika ter
prikrivanja
nesreč
in poškodb pri delu s
strani delodajalca.
The Blind Spot of the European Health Care
System: Analysis of Certain Aspects of
Migrants Health
The paper deals with the exercise of migrants medical rights in the
Ευ,
particu¬
larly in Slovenia, and establishes that the
eu
lacks a common health care policy for
migrants and that the field in question has been poorly studied. As a result, the lack
of data on migrants health provides fertile grounds for the formation of xenophobic
and racial stereotypes such as the infectious migrant, on which the paper sheds light.
Contrary to the perception of migrants as unhealthy and infectious individuals,
research shows that they are usually in good or even better health that the rest of
the population. Some researchers find the explanation for their better health in the
concept of healthy migrant effect , which the paper critically analyses and, by tak¬
ing into consideration various economic, cultural and legal aspects, proves it to be
simplifying and misleading. The article also sheds light on certain trends testifying
to the increasingly restricted access to medical institutions, particularly in the case
of unregistered migrants. By considering the situation in Germany and Italy which
legally declared the universal right to medical care, it analyses numerous negative
medical impacts of legal provisions that criminalize unregistered migrants and require
from physicians to report their migrant patients to police. The second part of the
paper opens with a narrative of a migrant worker in Slovenia, and continues with
the analysis of certain aspects of health care provision among the Bosnian migrant
workers in Slovenia who participated in our ethnographic research. Its results reveal
249
Migranti
v
sloveni
ji
-
med integracijo
in alienacijo
their (lack of) knowledge of their medical rights, the infringement of their right to
sick leave, hindered access to health care service in Slovene medical institutions
and certain potential hazards resulting from inadequate working equipment, too
heavy workload, too long work hours and employers concealment of accidents and
injuries at work.
Janez
Malačič
Zaposlovanje tujcev in
imigracije v
Sloveniji
Besedilo
obravnava veliko
spremembo
v
migracijskih
procesih
v
Sloveniji,
do
katere
je prišlo po eni strani
z
nastankom slovenske države
in po
drugi strani
z
vključitvijo Slovenije
v
eu.
Slovenija je lahko
v
prehodnem času prvič
v
svoji
zgodovini kontrolirala migracijske procese, hkrati pa ji ni uspelo izoblikovati sa-
mostojne migracijske politike. Pri slednji se je posvečala predvsem imigracijam,
о
emigraciji pa ni veliko razmišljala. Po vključitvi
v
eu
in kasneje
v schengenski
prostor
je velik
del avtonomije
ponovno izgubila oziroma
přenesla na
širši evropski
okvir.
V
ospredje je prišlo
delo
tujcev na našem trgu
dela,
ki
se
vsaj za
državljane
tretjih
držav
zelo
podrobno regulira, sami migracijski procesi pa
v marsičem
po-
tekajo po svoje
ali celo
stihijsko.
Employment of Aliens and Immigration in
Slovenia
The paper deals with the great change in migration processes in Slovenia brought
about by the establishment of the Slovene state on the one hand and the admission of
Slovenia to the
eu on
the other. In the transitory period, Slovenia was able to control
the migration processes for the first time in its history; unfortunately, what it did not
manage to do was to shape an independent policy on migration. Paying attention
mostly to immigration, Slovenia almost ignored emigration. Following its admission
to the
e u
and later to the
Schengen
area, the country had to renounce part of its sov¬
ereignty in order to hand it over to the
e u.
In the past few years, increasing attention
was paid to aliens employed in the Slovene labour market. While the employment of
250
PovzF.TKi
/
Abstracts
third-country nationals is strictly regulated in the
eu,
the migration processes follow
their own principles and escape the
ε υ
control.
Mojca
Medvešek
Romana Bester
Migrantski
otroci v
slovenském šolskem
sistemu
V príspevku obravnavamo vključevanje in
položaj
migrantskih otrok v
sloven¬
ském
šolskem
sistemu
na
podlagi proučevanja treh vsebinskih sklopov. Prvi
sklop
se
nanáša na medkulturno vzgojo in
preprečevanje etnične diskriminacije
v šolstvu,
drugi
sklop na
učenje
slovenščine
kot
uradnega
jezika,
tretji sklop pa na možnosti,
ki
jih
imajo
migrantski
otroci za
učenje maternega jezika. Prispevek smo zasnovali
na
analizi relevantne slovenske zakonodaje
in nekaterih
drugih
dokumentov
ter
na analizi empiričnih podatkov, zbranih
v treh
raziskavah: Percepcije slovenske
integracijske politike I, Družbena vključenost/izključenost potomcevpriseljencev
v
Sloveniji
in
Integracija državljanov tretjih
držav v
Sloveniji. Rezultati pravne
analize kažejo, da
v
Sloveniji obstajajo pravne podlage za preprečevanje etnične dis¬
kriminacije
in
uvajanje medkulturnega pristopa
v vzgojno-izobraževalnem
sistemu.
Prav tako zakonodaja
in
drugi dokumenti zagotavljajo migrantskim
otrokom
mo¬
žnost
dodatnega učenja slovenščine
in
možnost
učenja njihovih maternih jezikov.
Kljub temu pa se dokaj zgledna pravna
ureditev v
praksi neredko pokaže
kot precej
neučinkovita, na
kar
opozarjajo izkušnje migrantskih
otrok,
njihovih staršev
in
tuđi učiteljev. Empirična evidenca kaže na vrsto pomanjkljivosti:
od preohlapnih in
v
nekaterih primerih premalo izdelanih pravnih določb
v šolski
zakonodaji, neza-
dostnih finančnih sredstev, namenjenih vključevanju migrantskih
otrok v
šolski
sistem, do neustrezne usposobljenosti učiteljev
in drugega šolskega osebja za delo
z
migrantskimi otroki. Obravnava, ki
so jo
deležni
migrantski
otroci v
slovenskih
šolah, je
tako
v
veliki
meri
odvisna od posamezne
sole in pripravljenosti
učiteljev,
da
namenijo precejšen
del
svojega časa
in
energije
za
delo,
ki na
sistemski ravni
in s
finančnega vidika trenutno ni ustrezno ovrednoteno.
251
Migranti
v
slovenim
-
med
inteüracijo
in
aí.ienacijo
Migrant Children in the Slovene School System
The paper deals with the status of migrant children in the Slovene school system
from two points of view: firstly, it analyses the legal framework of the schooling of
migrant children in Slovenia and, secondly, it analyses perceptions, viewpoints and
experiences of immigrants and their children from former Yugoslavia in the Slovene
school system. It focuses on three areas: intercultural education and ethnic discrimi¬
nation prevention in schools, the possibility of learning Slovene, and the possibility of
learning one s mother tongue. The study is based on the analysis of relevant Slovene
legislation and some other documents, as well as empirical data gathered through
the following three research projects: Perceptions of the Slovene Integration Policy
I (psip I), Social Inclusion/Exclusion of Children of Immigrants in Slovenia, and
Integration of Third-Country Nationals in Slovenia. The results of the analysis of the
legal framework revealed that Slovenia adopted the legislation for ethnic discrimina¬
tion prevention and for the introduction of intercultural approach in kindergartens and
schools, and that the legislation and other documents assure migrant children extra
classes for learning Slovene and their mother tongue. Empirical research, however,
showed that in practice things could be quite problematic. There are several reasons
for such a state of affairs: from vague legal provisions and non-existing rules to insuf¬
ficient financial resources and inadequate qualifications of teachers and other staff
in charge of migrant children. The treatment of migrant children in Slovene schools
therefore largely depends on individual schools and on readiness of individual teachers
to dedicate their time and energy to the task that is not adequately appreciated from
the point of view of the entire system and financial remuneration.
Goran
Lukič
Delavci migranti
v
času ekonomske
in sociálne
krize
-
ali kakšna je razlika med delavci
in
delovno silo
Postavimo
si zelo
nehvaležno vprašanje,
kdo
je največja žrtev globalne eko¬
nomske
in sociálne
krize? Seveda
vsi
verno,
zakaj je to vprašanje nehvaležno
- če
pogledamo zgolj številke
in
vidimo, da se milijarderji spreminjajo
v milijonarje,
252
Povzetki
/
Abstracts
bi pomislili, da je kriza bolj udarila pripadnike višjega
kot
pa srednjega ali nižjega
sloja, katerim
so
se
dohodki znižali v
neprimerno manjši visini. A
vsi
verno, da
to
ni res
-
milijonarji so
še vedno
milijonarji, medtem
ko
se
zaposleni
v času krize
vse hitreje spreminjajo
v
zaposlene revne ali zgolj
-
revne.
Ena
izmed takšnih
skupin,
ki
je po veliki večini še kako bližje revežem
kot
milijonarjem,
so
delavci migranti.
S
pomembnim poudarkom
-
delavci migranti
so
čutili krizo še pred krizo,
v
času gospodarskega razcveta. Ekonomska
in sociálna
kriza je njihov prekeren položaj
le
še bolj utrdila . Utrdila na način, ki mu borno
v
nadaljevanju postavili označbo začaran krizni
krog
delavcev migrantov .
Migrant Workers in the
Times
of Economic and
Social Crisis
-
Or What Is the Difference between
Workers and Workforce
The paper poses the most embarrassing question: Who is the greatest victim
of the global economic and social crisis? Naturally, we all know why the question is
embarrassing
-
if we consider only the numbers and see that billionaires are turning
into millionaires, we would tend to think that the upper class has been more heavily
struck by the crisis than the middle or lower ones whose revenues have witnessed an
incomparably lower decrease. Yet we all know that this is not the case
-
millionaires
are still millionaires, while the crisis is swiftly turning employees into poor employees
or simply
-
poor people.
One of the groups that are much more close to the poor than to millionaires is
that of migrant workers. What has to be pointed out is the fact that they suffered from
the crisis even before the crisis, i.e. during the times of economic boom. The economic
and social crisis has only strengthened their uncertain position. Strengthened in the
manner that will be labelled as the vicious circle of migrant workers .
253
Migranti
v
si.ovkniji
-
med intiuíracijo
in alienaciio
Admir
Baltic
Integracija
bošnjaške
skupnosti
v
Sloveniji
Po podatkih zadnjega popisa prebivalstva živi
v
Sloveniji približno štiri-
deset tisoč Bošnjakov. Bolj natančno,
v
Sloveniji živi
21.000
Bošnjakov,
10.000
Muslimanov (prejšnje etnično ime za Bošnjake)
in
8.000
Bosancev (ki se po evi¬
dentiranih etničnih obeležjih
v
veliki
meri
prekrivajo
z
Bošnjaki). Pri
tej
skupnosti
gre za prvo generacijo priseljencev
in
drugo
ter
tuđi že tretjo generacijo potomcev.
Razlogi za priseljevanje Bošnjakov
v
Slovenijo
so bili
predvsem ekonomske narave,
v
manjši
meri
pa
so
prihajali tuđi
kot napoteni
državni uslužbenci, študentje, špor-
tniki, kulturniki itd. Priseljevanje se je nadaljevalo tuđi
v času
samostojne Slovenije,
v
času vojne iz političnih, pozneje pa zopet predvsem iz ekonomskih razlogov.
Ko govorimo
о
integraciji Bošnjakov
v
Sloveniji, je primerno začeti pri številnih
olajševalnih okoliščinah, ki gredo
tej
integraciji
v prid.
Bošnjaki
si s
Slovenci delijo
že več
kot
stoletje
dolgo
izkušnjo življenja
v
isti državi. Od leta
1878
do slovenske
osamosvojitve
so
Bošnjaki
in
Slovenci
ves
čas živeli znotraj istih državnih
meja,
najprej
v
Avstro-Ogrski,
nato v
kraljevini Jugoslaviji
in po
drugi svetovni vojni
še
v
socialistični Jugoslaviji. Ta
dolgotrajna
izkušnja
je s
seboj
přinesla
relativno
visoko stopnjo medsebojnega poznavanja. Tu je
potem še
jezikovna sorodnost, ki
izhaja iz skupnih slovanskih korenin tako slovenskega
kot
bosanskega jezika.
Kot
olajševalna okoliščina ni zanemarljiva tuđi visoka rasna podobnost med Slovenci
in
Bošnjaki. Vse našteto posledično
pomeni,
da se tipični Bošnjak
v
Sloveniji
lahko precej lažje vključi
v
družbene tokove
kot
na
primer
Turek v Nemčiji
ali
Marocan na
Nizozemskem.
Zaradi
tega
v
Sloveniji marsikaterih težav,
s
katerimi
se pri integraciji priseljenskih skupnosti srečujejo
v
drugih državah Evropske unije,
praktično ne poznamo. Pa
vendar,
ko
gre za omogočanje kolektivnih kulturnih
in
verskih
pravic
Bošnjakom, je bila Slovenija
v
preteklih desetletjih pogosto
zelo in
v
številnih pogledih še
vedno je
precej zadržana.
Zdi se,
da Slovenija prepogosto
na svoje priseljenske skupnosti gleda
kot
na nujno zlo
in
precej
redkeje kot na
dodatni razvojni
potencial.
254
l·
О
»
„t
і
.1
,
/ !
Integration of the
Bosniak
Community in
Slovenia
According to the last census, Slovenia is home to approximately
40,000
Bosniaks.
Or more precisely, it is home to
21,000
Bosniah,
10,000
Muslims (the former ethnic
term for Bosniaks) and
8,000
Bosnians (who, according to their registered ethnic
characteristics, largely overlap with Bosniaks). In Slovenia, the
Bosniak
community
is composed of the first generation of immigrants and the second and even third
generation of their descendants. The Bosniaks moved to Slovenia largely for eco¬
nomic reasons, with only a small percentage of them having arrived as civil servants,
students, sportsmen, cultural exponents, etc. The new political situation in Slovenia
(attainment of independence) did not stop immigration; during the war in Bosnia,
the push factor was the political situation in Bosnia, while later on it was again the
economic situation. When speaking about the integration ofBosniaL· in Slovenia,
one should start by mentioning a number of extenuating circumstances facilitating
it. For more than a century, the BosniaL· and the Slovenes lived in the same political
entity. From
1878
until the establishment of the Slovene state, they shared the same
state borders, first within Austria-Hungary, then within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia,
and after WWII within socialist Yugoslavia. This long common experience resulted
in the relatively high level of mutual understanding. Another factor is their cognate
languages, both sharing the same Slavic roots. And last but not least, one should not
ignore the high level of racial similarity between the Slovenes and the Bosniab.
Owing to all the above-mentioned circumstances, a typical
Bosniak
finds it much
easier to integrate into social currents in Slovenia than a Turk in Germany or
a Moroccan in the Netherlands. Slovenia thus hardly knows any of the troubles that
have to be faced by other
eu
countries when integrating immigrant communities.
Nevertheless, when it came to the exercise of collective cultural and religious rights
of the Bosniaks, Slovenia tended to be very reserved in many respects in the past few
decades. It seems that it too often regards its immigrant communities as a necessary
evil rather than additional development potential.
255
Migranti
v slovením
-
meo intecìracijo in auenacijo
Jaka Nemanič
Življenjski pogoji gradbenih delavcev, ki živijo
v
samskih domovih (predstavitev dveh primerov
s
terena)
Večina gradbenih delavcev,
s
katerimi
sem
opravljal intervjuje, zjutraj ne
poje
ničesar, nekateri popijejo kavo. Po triurnem
delu,
ob
desetih, imajo topli obrok
in za
to pol ure časa.
Nato
pa po petih
ali celo
sedmih urah, odvisno od vodje gradbišča,
pride
drugi topli obrok. Ta časovni razmik je za gradbene delavce odločno predolg.
Ob
obrokih pa dobivajo rudi premalo tekočine.
Če
delajo več
kot
deset ur, dobijo
ob
koncu delovnega dne običajno še četrt kilograma kruha, pol litra tekočine
in
kakšno konzervo. Prehrana gradbenih delavcev na gradbišču je odvisna tuđi od
letnega časa. Pozimi,
ko je
navadno delovni čas skrajšan na
8
do
10
ur, imajo samo
en
obrok. Marsikateri gradbeni delavec pove, da
v večerném
času redko
poje
kuhan
obrok, večina se
jih
omeji na suh obrok ali pa večerje ne jedo. Delavci
so po
večini
mnenja, da
jim
prehrana na gradbišču ne ustreza ne količinsko
in ne
kakovostno.
Življenjske razmere
so izredno
pestre, prevladujejo
nezadostne
ter
nedostojne.
Vegradovi kontejnerji za Bežigradom
so
bili verjetno najslabše domovanje
-
do
stranišča
so ljudje
morali več deset
metrov,
kontejnerji
so bili
neizolirani, poleti
prevroči, pozimi premrzli,
marsikje
imajo veliko ščurkov. Povprečno
so
gradbeni
delavci plačevali za stanarino
v
samskem domu
120 €.
V
stanarini je vključeno
ležišče, souporaba sanitarij
in souporaba
kuhinje,
če
je bila na voljo.
V
našem prostoru
so že v
sedemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja ugotavljali, da
sta
storilnost
in
produktivnost gradbenih delavcev povezani
z
raznovrstnostjo
in
kakovostjo prehrane. Sedaj pa tega očitno nihče več ne vidi. Niti države ne zanima,
kdo
so
ti ljudje, kaj jedo, kako delajo,
kje
živijo
...,
velik problem je, da nihče ni
za to, da bi pripravili prehranjevalne normative, normative
о
njihovih življenjskih
razmerah, delovnem okolju
in
podobno.
256
PovzETKi
/
Abstracts
Living Conditions of Construction Workers in
Residence Halls for Single Persons (Presentation
of Two Fieldwork Case Studies)
The majority of construction workers interviewed have nothing for breakfast,
some of them have a coffee. They eat their first warm meal atio am, after they worked
for three hours; the break takes
halfan
hour. The second warm meal is served after
five or seven hours, depending on the construction site manager, with the interval
being definitely too long for them. In addition, their meals do not include sufficient
drink. When they work more than ten hours per day, they are also served quarter
a loaf, perhaps a tin and something to drink
(halfa
litre) at the end of the day. The
nutrition of construction workers on construction sites also depends on the time of
the year. In winter, when their working hours are reduced to eight to ten hours, they
may receive only one meal. Many workers said that they rarely had something warm
to eat for supper, with the majority of them limiting themselves to uncooked food or
even having no supper at all. The majority of them agreed that the food served at the
construction site suited them in terms of neither quantity nor quality.
Though their living conditions in residence hall for singles persons vary, they are
in the majority of cases unsatisfactory and appalling. The worst place to live is most
probably Vegrad s containers in Beiigrad 37
-
its inhabitants have to walk more than
10
metres to the bathrooms, the containers are not insulated and, consequently, too
warm in summer and too cold in winter, many of them swarm with cockroaches. The
average rent for a place in a residence hall amounts to
€120,
which includes a bed,
va
common bathroom and a common kitchen if the latter is available.
As early as the former century, the region established that the performance and
productivity of construction workers correlate with the diversity and quality of their
nutrition. Nowadays, it seems that no one wants to acknowledge that, including the
Slovene state which is not interested in who these people are, what they eat, in what
conditions they work, where they live
...
Unfortunately, it is very problematic that
no one is prepared to conceive standards for their nutrition, living conditions, work
environment, etc.
137
Vegrad is a Slovene construction company;
Bežigrad
is a quarter in the Slovene capital city.
257
Migranti
v si.ovf.niii
-
med integracijo
in auknacijo
Barbara
Górnik
Človekove pravice
-
utopija sodobnega sveta
Antropologija
je v
svojih začetkih
o človekovih pravicah
razmišljala predvsem
z
vidika kulture, identitete, nasilja
in
delovanja človekoljubnih organizacij
in
pra¬
vice zagovarjala
kot
relativne oz. kulturno pogojene. Iz kulturno-relativističnega
stališča je namreč kultura edini zanesljivi vir veljavnosti moralne pravice, zardi
cesar so
antropologi
menili, da
partikulárně
vrednote
ne
bi smele biti nadome-
ščene z univerzálními, kot je na
primer
koncept človekovih pravic. Argumente
kulturnih
relativistov
je sčasoma do
neke
mere spodkopala globalizacija
kulturnih,
ekonomskih
in
političnih
procesov,
zaradi
cesar je
danes
človekove pravice moč
razložiti
s kontekstualizacijo in ne več z relativizacijo.
Antropološke
razprave
se
v
zadnjem
času ne ukvarjajo
toliko
s pravicami
samimi,
temveč s
njihovo (ne)
implementacijo
kot
posledico mnogih
aspektov
izvajanja družbene moči. Gledano
s
tega vidika je naloga antropologije analizirati povezave
in vzajemno
delovanje
pravnih
procesov na
različnih ravneh; raziskovanje človekovih
pravic
je s
tem po¬
stalo raziskovanje nastanka diskurza človekovih
pravic
in
njihovega udejstvovanja
v
različnih kontekstih.
V
primeru delavcev migrantov
v
Sloveniji lahko vidimo,
da so
te implementirane
v
skladu
z
interesi
neoliberalne
ideologije na eni strani
in
diskurzom nacionalizma na drugi.
Human Rights
-
A Modem
World Utopia
Initially, anthropology reflected on human rights mostly through the prism of
culture, identity, violence and operation ofphilanthrophic organizations, and regarded
them as relative and culturally conditioned. From the point of view of relativism,
culture was the only reliable source legitimizing a certain moral right, owing to which
anthropologists claimed that particular values should not be replaced by universal
ones, such as advocated by the concept of human rights. With the course of time, the
argument of cultural relativists has been undermined by the globalization of cultural,
economic and political processes, so that human rights can now be explained through
contextualization instead ofrelativization. Recently, anthropologists have shifted their
focus of research from the rights themselves to the belief that human rights are just
an aspect of power structures, since in their opinion the implementation of human
258
PovzETKi
/
Abstracts
rights in a certain context depends on the power relations in a certain society. From
such a perspective, the task of anthropology is to analyze the interdependence and
interaction of legal processes at different levels; the research on human rights has
thus turned into the research on the emergence of the discourse on human rights
and their implementation in various contexts. Even if contemporary law declares
that all humans are entitled to human rights, without distinction as to race, colour,
sex, language, religion, political views or any other category, the case of migrant
workers makes it clear that human rights are implemented in accordance with the
interests of
neoliberal
ideology on the one hand and nationalistic discourse on the
other; migrant workers must often face exploitation, segregation and discrimina¬
tion when it comes to their working and basic living conditions. The fact that the
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers
and Members of Their Families has not been ratified by the majority of immigration-
host countries and real-life stories of migrant workers testify to the fact that they are
often regarded simply as an economic factor of economic growth.
Franci Zlatar
Možnost
dela
in zaposlovanja
prisilnih
migrantov v Sloveniji
Demografski trendi kažejo na vse večjo potrebo po vključevanju migrantov na
trg
dela.
Republika Slovenija bi morala skladno
s
tem ustrezno spremeniti zakono-
dajo, tako da bi le-ta olajšala dostop do
dela
in
zaposlovanja prisilnim migrantom.
Prav tako bi bilo potrebno spodbujati različne programe za lažje vključevanje
prisilnih migrantov na trg
dela.
Čeprav pojma prisilni migrant ne kaže razlagati poenostavljeno, se
v
članku
omejujemo na pojasnjevanje
pravic
tistih
skupin
prisilnih migrantov, ki
so
deležni
posebne zaščite na podlagi Konvencije
о
statusu beguncev.
V
Sloveniji
so to
pro-
silci za mednarodno zaščito
in osebe z
mednarodno zaščito. Osnovno izhodišče
je pravica do
dela
in
zaposlitve,
ki
je
ena izmed
temeljnih človekovih
pravic
in
pomembna komponenta
integracije migrantov.
Prosiici
za mednarodno zaščito imajo
v
Sloveniji pravico do
dela,
ko je
njiho¬
va identiteta nesporno ugotovljena.
Z delom
lahko pričnejo eno
leto po
vložitvi
259
Migranti
v
si.ovkniii
-
med
inïi-graouo in
ałif.naciio
prošnje
za
mednarodno zaščito,
če
v
tem času ni bila sprejeta odločitev pristojnega
organa
in te
zamude ni mogoče pripisati prosilcu.
Osebe z
mednarodno zaščito
imajo enake pravice do
dela
in zaposlovanja kot
tujci,
ki
legalno bivajo v Sloveniji.
Statistike kažejo na izjemo nizko število prosilcev za mednarodno zaščito
in oseb
z
mednarodno zaščito, ki
v
Sloveniji pridobijo legalno zaposlitev. Slaba
podpora
pri integraciji
v
začetni fazi,
ko
migrant
pride
v
neko državo, ima za posledico
težave pri vključevanju tuđi
v kasnejših
fazah.
Ce se
osebe z
mednarodno zaščito
npr. ne naučijo jezika države,
v
kateri zaprosijo za mednarodno zaščito
v
času,
ko
so v
postopku za priznanje mednarodne zaščite, kasneje težje najdejo ustrezno
legalno zaposlitev.
Zaradi posledic demografskih
trendov bi
bilo potrebno zakonodajo spre-
meniti tako, da bi
prosíkem
za mednarodno zaščito omogočala legalno
delo
in
zaposlovanje takoj po njihovem prihodu
v Slovenijo.
Potrebno bi bilo oblikovati
programe, ki bi migrantom omogočali lažje vključevanje na trg
dela, s poudarkom
na pridobivanju delovnih izkušenj pri potencialnih delodajalcih. Pri tem se kaže
zgledovati po uspešnih
in
učinkovitih programih iz tujine. Dilema, ki se
ob tem
pojavlja, je povezana
z
ugibanji, ali je mogoče
v času nesorazmernih interesov
glo¬
balne ekonomije pričakovati takšne spremembe, ki bi zasledovale načelo enakega
dostopa do
dela za
vse.
Work Opportunities For and Employment of
Forced Migrants in Slovenia
Demographic trends reveal an increasing need for the inclusion of migrants in
the labour market. The Republic of Slovenia should therefore amend its legislation
in order to facilitate their access to work and employment. Even if the term forced
migrant should not be interpreted in a simplified manner, the paper is limited to
the presentation of only those groups of forced migrants who are entitled to special
protection in accordance with the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. In
Slovenia, such groups consist of persons who request international protection and
persons with international protection. The Convention is based on the right to work
and employment, i. e. one of the basic human rights and an important component
of the integration of migrants.
The persons who have requested international protection have the right to work
once their identity has been indisputably confirmed. They can start working within
260
Povzľtki
/
Авѕтклс
is
a year after they filed the request for international protection if within this period
the relevant authority issued no decision regarding their request and the delay was
not caused by them. The persons with international protection have the same rights
to work and employment as aliens legally abiding in Slovenia. Statistics shows that
an extremely low number of persons who have requested international protection
and persons with international protection obtain legal employment in Slovenia.
Inadequate support to migrants in the initial phase of their integration renders the
subsequent phases of their integration difficult, too.
In view of the changes in demographic trends, the Slovene legislation should be
amended so as to allow the persons who have requested international protection to
work legally and be legally employed immediately upon their arrival to Slovenia. The
state should also implement programmes facilitating the inclusion of migrants in the
labour market, with emphasis on their acquisition of work experience through poten¬
tial employers. It would seem reasonable to model them upon efficient programmes
successfully implemented abroad. The current situation, however, presents us with the
dilemma whether it is feasible to introduce amendments adhering to the principle of
equal access to work for everyone in times marked by disproportionate interests of
global economy.
Franci Jazbec
Migracijska
in
integracijska politika
v
Sloveniji
-
vloga javne uprave
in
civilne družbe
V príspevku
na podlagi dispozicije
in
preliminarnih ugotovitev svoje dok¬
torske disertacije na kratko analiziram vlogo državne (javne) uprave
ter
javnih
uslužbencev pa tuđi civilne družbe na področju migracij
in
integracije
v
Sloveniji.
Poseben
poudarek je na analizi razmerja med upravo
in
civilno družbo pri obli¬
kovanju
in
izvajanju migracijske
ter
posebej integracijske politike. Dotikam se
konceptualnih
dilem
in
tuđi konkretnih
-
praktičnih vidikov uveljavljanja mi¬
gracijske
in
integracijske politike. Izhajam iz teze, da imajo tuđi javni uslužbenci
pomembno vlogo pri oblikovanju
in
predvsem uveljavljanju migracijske
in
inte¬
gracijske politike. Prav tako tuđi civilna družba. Konsistentna
in
pravična politika
je mogoča
le
ob
upoštevanju enakopravnosti migrantov
in bolj
enakopravnem
261
Migranti
v
s
lov kn
t
π
-
med inti-círacijo
in1 a
і. і
e
n
леї
jo
sodelovanju
obeh
sfer.
Migracije
in
integracijo je potrebno preučevati večdi-
sciplinarno
ter
interdisciplinarno. Vredno je upoštevati znanstvena spoznanja
različnih družboslovnih
in
humanističnih
ved
in
vzpostavljati
in
stalno razvijati
dialog
med raziskovalci pa tuđi med različnimi uslužbenci javne uprave
in
nj
imi
ter
predstavniki civilne družbe. Pri oblikovanju
in praktičnem
udejanjanju
-
im¬
plementaciji javne politike
in
zakonodaje pa je potrebno izhajati iz ugotovljenih
in
izraženih
potřeb
migrantov
in
skupnosti. Omogočeno mora biti sodelovanje
(participacija) migrantov
in
beguncev pri kreiranju
in izvajanju
različnih socialnih
in
drugih
projektov
ter
programov v
okviru
nevladnih in
državnih organizacij.
Izključujoče, diskriminatorne
in
represivne prakse države povzročajo dodatno
marginalizacijo, getoizacijo
in
diskriminacijo manjšinskih etničnih skupnosti
in
novodobnih priseljencev (npr. beguncev)
in
imajo negativne posledice za dolgo-
ročno
sociálno
kohezijo. Edino pravo
možnost
vidim
v bolj sociálno
in
etično
naravnani migracijski
in
integracijski (v socio-ekonomskem
in socio-kultur-
nem smislu) politiki Slovenije
in
Evropske unije, konkretno tuđi
v vzpostavitvi
ustreznih sistemov napotitve migrantov med različnimi
policy akterji in
njihovi
zaščiti pred izkoriščanjem
s
strani nekaterih delodajalcev itd.
Vendar
razvoj do
sedaj ni
šel
v tej
smeri.
Pomemben vpliv na migracijsko
in
integracijsko politiko
ima miselnost ljudi (v državni oz. javni upravi pa tuđi
v
civilni družbi) oziroma
politična
in
upravna ali organizacijska kultura.
Policies on Migration and Integration in Slovenia
-
The Roles of Public Administration and Civil
Society
The paper analyses the role of state (public) administration, civil servants and
civil society in the field of migration and integration in Slovenia, with special emphasis
on the analysis of the relations between public administration and civil society in
the formation and implementation of the policy on migration and particularly that
on integration. It addresses not only conceptual dilemmas, but also practical aspects
of implementing the two policies, and is based on the thesis that civil servants play
an important role in their formation and above all implementation. The same goes
for civil society.
Migration and integration should be studied on multidisciplinary and interdis¬
ciplinary bases. One should take into consideration findings of different social and
262
PovzETKi
/
Abstracts
human sciences, and try to establish and foster dialogue not only between researchers,
but also between researchers, civil servants and representatives of the civil society. As
for the formation and implementation of state policies and relevant legislation, one
should never ignore the identified and expressed needs of migrants and community.
Migrants and refugees must
begiven
the opportunity to participate in the conception
ana implementation of various social and other projects and programmes organized by
NGOs
and public institutions. If fostered by the state, practices of exclusion, discrimina¬
tion and repression only aggravate marginalization, ghettoization and discrimination
of ethnic minority groups and today s immigrants (e.g. refugees), and have a negative
impact upon long-term social cohesion. The paper suggests that Slovenia and the
e u
should shape more socially and ethically oriented policies of migration and integra¬
tion (in socio-economic and
socio-cultural
sense), and establish efficient systems of
secondment of migrants and of their protection from exploitation at work. Last but
not least, it should also be pointed out that policies on migration and integration are
also affected by the mentality of people employed in public administration or engaged
in civil society, and by political and administrative/organizational culture.
Marijanca
Ajša Vižintin
Otroci
priseljencev: zakonodaja in
prve izkušnje
Slovenija je postala po osamosvojitvi
in pridružitvi
Evropski uniji pretežno
dežela priseljevanja,
s priseljenci
pa prihajajo njihovi
otroci. V
evropskih drža-
vah se analizira vzroke za neuspešno integracijo
otrok
priseljencev
v
procesu
izobraževanja
in
predlaga priporočila za izboljšanje stanja. Ugotavlja
se, da so
otroci
priseljencev
v
slabšem položaju glede
izbire
sole, časa obiskovanja sole, pri
úspešnosti,
pri številu tistih, ki šolanja ne dokončajo
in pri
vrstah dokončanih
Šol. Razlogi za slabosti
v
izobraževalnem sistemu se ugotavljajo na treh ravneh:
na makroravni (šolska zakonodaja
in
šolski sistem posamezne države), vmesni
ravni (odnos do
otrok
priseljencev na posamezni soli
in pričakovanja
učiteljev)
in
mikroravni (družinsko okolje
ter
vpliv makro-
in
vmesne ravni nanj).
V
vzgojno-
izobraževalni sistem
so
vključeni
otroci
priseljenci tuđi
v
Sloveniji. Spremenila se
je slovenska zakonodaja, ki je
otrokom
priseljencem omogočila učenje slovenščine
kot
drugega/tujega jezika
ter
učenje maternega jezika
in
kulture.
Marca
2007
je
bila na kolegiju Ministrstva za šolstvo
in
šport sprejeta Strategija za uspešnejše
263
Migranti
v sloveniji
-
med integracijo
in
alienacijo
vključevanje učencev migrantov na področju vzgoje
in
izobraževanja
v
Republiki
Sloveniji. Strategija
prináša
pregled zakonodaje
v
Evropi
in
Sloveniji, analizo
trenutnega (neurejenega) stanja
v
Sloveniji, mednarodno primerjavo razmer
in
rešitve
v
nekaterih evropskih državah, koncept vključevanja
otrok v
slovenski
vzgojno-izobraževalni sistem, cilje
in
načela vključevanja
ter
nacrt ukrepov za
uresničevanje strategije. Junija
2008
je
bil
objavljen Javni razpis za sufinanciranje
projektov
za uspešno vključevanje
otrok,
učencev
in
dijakov migrantov
v
vzgojo
in
izobraževanje za obdobje
2008-2011,
ki daje omenjeni strategiji
finančne
temelje.
Namen
tega razpisa je razviti strokovne podlage,
didaktiko
in didaktične
materiale
za učenje slovenščine
kot
drugega jezika,
jih
preizkusiti v
praksi
ter hkrati
razvijati
strategije
in
modele
dela z
otroki priseljenci,
vendar
bo
potrebno na rezultate
pocákati (vsaj)
do leta
2011.
Primer
Osnovne sole Dragomirja Benčiča Brkina
Hrpelje kaže, da je
število otrok
priseljencev
v letíh
2006/07-2008/09
naraščalo.
Prvi
dve
leti je
bil poudarek pri delu z
otroki priseljenci predvsem na poučevanju
slovenščine
kot
drugega/
tuj
ega
jezika, pri čemer
so
se učitelji
in
učiteljice soočile
s
pomanjkanjem ustreznega gradiva za poučevanje slovenščine
kot
drugega/tuje-
ga jezika za otroke. Tretje
leto dela z
otroki priseljenci je pomenilo korak naprej
v
integraciji:
otrokom
priseljencem
so
omogočili učenje materinščine (albanščine
in
makedonščine), začeli
so z
urami medkulturnega
dialoga
(slovensko-alban-
ske, slovensko-makedonske ure),
s pomočjo
katerih želijo doseći spoštovanje
drugačnosti
in preseci
stereotipe, šolsko knjižnico pa
so
obogatili
z
gradivom
v materinščini otrok
priseljencev.
Children of Immigrants: Legislation and First
Experiences
Following the attainment of independence and the accession to the
e u,
Slovenia
became largely a country of immigration and, consequently, home to not only immi¬
grants, but also their children. When analyzing the causes of unsuccessful integration
of their children in the educational process in order to prepare recommendations
for improving their situation, European states realized that children of immigrants
found themselves in a worse position when it came to the choice of school, duration
of schooling, performance, dropping out, and types of completed schools. Deficiencies
in the education system are investigated at the following three levels: macro (school
legislation and school system of a certain country), intermediate (attitudes towards
264
PovzKTKi
/
Abstracts
children of immigrants at a certain school and teachers expectations), and micro
(family environment and the impact of macro and intermediate levels upon it).
In Slovenia, children of immigrants become part of the national education sys¬
tem. The state changed the legislation assuring children of immigrants extra classes
for learning Slovene as the second/foreign language and their mother tongue and
culture. In March
2007,
the Ministry of Education and Sport adopted the Strategy
for More Efficient Integration of Migrant Pupils and Secondary School Students in
the Field of Education in the Republic of Slovenia. The Strategy includes an overview
of relevant legislation in Europe and Slovenia, the analysis of the current (unregu¬
lated) situation in Slovenia, the international comparison of the state of affairs and
responses in certain European countries, the concept of integrating such children in
the Slovene system of education, the integration goals and principles, and the action
plan for the implementation of the strategy. June
2008
saw the announcement of the
public tender for co-financing projects of successful integration of migrant children,
pupils and secondary school students into the Slovene preschool and school system
for the
2008-201
iperiod. Its aim was not only to provide the strategy with the finan¬
cial base, but also to encourage teachers to develop and test in practice professional
frameworks, didactics and materials for teaching Slovene as the second language, and
to develop strategies and models of work with children of immigrants. First results
are expected in
2011.
The case study of the Dragomir Bentic Brkin Primary School in Hrpelje shows
that in the
2006/07, 2007/08
and
2008/09
school years the number of migrant pupils
increased. When working with children of immigrants during the first two years,
teachers mostly focused on teaching them Slovene as the second/foreign language,
and had to cope with lack of teaching materials for such children. The third year
brought a step forward in their integration: children of immigrants were given the
opportunity to learn their mother tongue (Albanian or Macedonian) and to attend
classes fostering intercultural dialogue (Slovene-Albanian and Slovene-Macedonian
classes), the aim of which was to teach children to respect otherness and to overcome
stereotypes. Concomitantly, the school library acquired holdings in the mother tongues
of migrant pupils.
265
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Slowenien (DE-588)4055302-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Slowenien |
| id | DE-604.BV039681681 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-24T02:24:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789616732192 |
| language | Slovenian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024530667 |
| oclc_num | 767762418 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 270 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Univ. Založba Annales |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Migranti v Sloveniji med integracijo in alienacijo Einwanderer (DE-588)4151434-8 gnd Soziale Integration (DE-588)4077570-7 gnd Soziale Probleme (DE-588)4139770-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4151434-8 (DE-588)4077570-7 (DE-588)4139770-8 (DE-588)4055302-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Migranti v Sloveniji med integracijo in alienacijo |
| title_auth | Migranti v Sloveniji med integracijo in alienacijo |
| title_exact_search | Migranti v Sloveniji med integracijo in alienacijo |
| title_full | Migranti v Sloveniji med integracijo in alienacijo zbrali in uredili: Karmen Medica ... |
| title_fullStr | Migranti v Sloveniji med integracijo in alienacijo zbrali in uredili: Karmen Medica ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Migranti v Sloveniji med integracijo in alienacijo zbrali in uredili: Karmen Medica ... |
| title_short | Migranti v Sloveniji |
| title_sort | migranti v sloveniji med integracijo in alienacijo |
| title_sub | med integracijo in alienacijo |
| topic | Einwanderer (DE-588)4151434-8 gnd Soziale Integration (DE-588)4077570-7 gnd Soziale Probleme (DE-588)4139770-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Einwanderer Soziale Integration Soziale Probleme Slowenien Aufsatzsammlung |
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