Policy analysis for educational leaders a step-by-step approach
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Boston ; Munich [u.a.]
Pearson Education
2013
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Schriftenreihe: | The Allyn & Bacon educational leadership series
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100 | 1 | |a Alexander, Nicola A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Policy analysis for educational leaders |b a step-by-step approach |c Nicola A. Alexander |
264 | 1 | |a Boston ; Munich [u.a.] |b Pearson Education |c 2013 | |
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337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 0 | |a The Allyn & Bacon educational leadership series | |
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943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024509982 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE VII CHAPTER 1 LAYING THE GROUNDWORK 1
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 1
EDUCATION VIGNETTE 1
WHY SHOULD LEADERS STUDY POLICY ANALYSIS? 2
PLAYERS ON THE LEADERSHIP LANDSCAPE 2
WHAT POLICY ANALYSIS CAN 00 2
THE ROLE OF PERSUASION 2
USERS OF POLICY ANALYSIS 3
WHY USE THIS TEXT? 5
WH AT IS POLICY ANALYSIS? 5
A BRIEF DEFINITION 5
WHY POLICY ANALYSIS? 5
THE GOAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS 6
TYPES OF POLICY ANALYSIS 6
EX POST AND EX ANTE ANALYSIS 7
FORECASTING, PRESCRIBING, MONITORING, EVALUATING 7
RATIONAL LENS, STRUCTURAL LENS, AND CULTURAL LENS 8
TRANSPARENCY VERSUS OBJECTIVITY 8
PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION 9
VALUES: CORNERSTONE OF WORLDVIEWS AND PHILOSOPHIES 10
BRIEF OVERVIEW OF WORLDVIEWS 10 EIGHT COMMON VALUES 11
DEFINING PHILOSOPHY 14
KEY PHILOSOPHIES AND THEIR ROLE IN EDUCATION POLICY 14 IDEALLSM 14
REALLSM 15 PRAGMATISM 16
PHENOMENOLOGY AND EXISTENTIALLSM 17 CONFLICT THEORY 17 POSTMODERNISM AND
CRITICAL THEORY 20
POLICY VALUES IN ACTION 21 CHAPTER SUMMARY 24 REVIEW QUESTIONS 24 NEWS
STORY FOR ANALYSIS 24
XIII
IMAGE 2
XIV CONTENTS
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 26 SELEETED WEBSITES 26 SELEETED REFERENEES 27
CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED AT THE BEGINNING: THINKING OF POLICY ANALYSIS
AS PROBLEM ANALYSIS 28
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 28
EDUCATION VIGNETTE 28
WHERE DO YOU START? 29
THE ROLE OF LEADERS 29
POLICY ANALYSIS AS PROBLEM ANALYSIS 29
THE PROBLEM IS THE BEGINNING OF ANALYSIS 29
DIFFERENCES AMONG CONDITIONS, POLICY PROBLEMS, AND POLICY ISSUES 29
THE POLICY ANALYSIS PROCESS 31 THE COMPLEXITIES OF POLICY ANALYSIS 31
POLICY ANALYSIS VERSUS POLICY MAKING 32
THE ROLE OF POLICY ANALYSTS 32
PHASES IN POLICY MAKING 33 PROBLEM STREAM 33 POLITICS STREAM 34 POLICY
STREAM 34
STAGES OF THE POLICY-MAKING PROCESS 35
ISSUE DEFINITION 35
AGENDA SETTING 36
POLICY FORMULATION 36
POLICY ADOPTION 37
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION 37
POLICY EVALUATION 37
POLICY ANALYSIS IS NOT POLICY EVALUATION 38
FOCUSING ON THE PROBLEM 38
POLICY EVALUATION 39 POLICY EVALUATION AS FEEDBACK 39 POLICY EVALUATION
AS SUMMATIVE JUDGMENT 39
GOING BEYOND EVALUATION 40
THE STEPS TO POLICY ANALYSIS 41
THE CRAFT OF POLICY ANALYSIS 41
KEY QUESTIONS OF THE POLICY ANALYSIS PROCESS 41
CREATING A POLICY ANALYSIS ROADMAP 41 TEN STEPS OF POLICY ANALYSIS 42
IMAGE 3
STEPPING-STONES OF POLICY ANALYSIS 44
CHAPTER SUMMARY 44 REVIEW QUESTIONS 44 NEWS STORY FOR ANALYSIS 45
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 46
SELEETED WEBSITES 46 SELEETED REFERENEES 47
CHAPTER 3 TAKING THE FIRST STEP: DEFINE THE PROBLEM 48
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 48
EDUCATION VIGNETTE 48
STRUCTURING THE PROBLEM 49
WRITING A CLEAR DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM 49 DIFFERENT PHASES IN
PROBLEM STRUCTURING 49
PROBLEMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF POLICY PROBLEMS 49 PERSONAL VERSUS POLICY
PROBLEM 50 INTERDEPENDENCE OF PROBLEMS 50 SUBJECTIVITY AND ARTIFICIALITY
OF STRUCTURING POLICY PROBLEMS 51
DYNAMIC NATURE OF POLICY PROBLEMS 52
BUILDING ON YOUR CONDITION STATEMENT 52
MAKING THE CONDITION A PROBLEM 53
SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM 54
BOUNDING THE PROBLEM 54 WHO IS INCLUDED? 54
CAUSES OF THE PROBLEM 55 RATIONAL PERSPECTIVE 56 INSTITUTIONAL
PERSPECTIVE 56 CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE 56
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM IDENTIFIED 58
THE GOAL IS THE OBVERSE OF THE PROBLEM 58
OBJECTIVES ARE WORKING DEFINITIONS OF GOALS 58 OBJECTIVES VERSUS
ALTERNATIVES 59 CHAPTER SUMMARY 60 REVIEW QUESTIONS 60 NEWS STORY FOR
ANALYSIS 60
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 62 SELEETED WEBSITES 62 SELEETED REFERENEES 63
CHAPTER 4 MAKE THE CASE BY ASSEMBLING THE EVIDENCE 64
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 64
EDUCATION VIGNETTE 64
PURPOSE OF ASSEMBLING THE EVIDENCE 65
CONTENTS XV
IMAGE 4
XVI CONTENTS
FUNCTIONS OF RESEARCH 65
TRANSFORMING DATA INTO EVIDENCE 65 LAYING THE FOUNDATION 65 ASSESSING
THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM 66 ASSESSING THE PARTICULAR
FEATURES OF AN IDENTIFIED POLICY SITUATION 67 ASSESSING PAST POLICIES 67
USING THE PURPOSE OF THE EVIDENCE TO OETERMINE WHAT 15NEEDED 67
EVIDENCE FOR MONITORING 68
EVIDENCE FOR PRESCRIPTION 68
EVIDENCE FOR EVALUATION 69
EVIDENCE FOR FORECASTING 70
OETERMINING THE VALUE OF SPECIFIC OATA 70
HOW DO YOU MAKE GOOD USE OF DATA? 71 BUILDING YOUR ARGUMENT 71 ASSESSING
DATA CONTEXTS 71
HOW TO LOCATE RELEVANT SOURCES 72
PEOPLE AND DOCUMENTS ARE KEY 72 COLLECTION STRATEGIES 72 DATA FROM
PEOPLE WITHIN AND OUTSIDE YOUR ORGANIZATION 72 DATA FROM DOCUMENTS
WITHIN AND OUTSIDE YOUR
ORGANIZATION 73
HOW TO CATEGORIZE TYPES OF OATA 73
QUANTITATIVE OR QUALITATIVE DEBATE 73 CHAPTER SUMMARY 74 REVIEW
QUESTIONS 75 NEWS STORY FOR ANALYSIS 75
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 76 SELEETED WEBSITES 76 SELEETED REFERENEES 77
CHAPTER 5 ESTABLISH YOUR DRIVING VALUES 79
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 79
EDUCATION VIGNETTE 79
WHAT 00 YOU CARE ABOUT? 80
ESTABLISH EVALUATIVE CRITERIA 80
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VALUES AND CRITERIA 80
WHAT OOES SUCCESS LOOK LIKE? 81
WH AT ARE THE SPECIFIC CRITERIA THAT FRAME POLICY OECISIONS? 82
DOES IT WORK? 82 HOW WILL YOU KNOW? 82
IS IT FAIR? 83
IMAGE 5
HORIZONTAL EQULTY 84
VERTICAL EQUITY 84 TRANSITIONAL EQUITY 86 ABILITY TO PAY 86 BENEFITS
PRINCIPLE 87
CAN WE AFFORD IT? 87
WH AT IS THE ROLE OF ECONOMICS? 87 OPPORTUNITY COSTS 88 PRIVATE VERSUS
PUBLIC BENEFITS 88 PROVISION VERSUS PRODUCTION 89
COUNTING THE COSTS 90
COSTS VERSUS BENEFITS 90 DECISION TOOLS 91 HOW CAN YOU TELL? 91
USING THE ECONOMIC TOOLS 91
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS 92
WILL PEOPLE SUPPORT IT? 92
HOW ACCEPTABLE IS THE ALTERNATIVE TO DIFFERENT GROUPS? 93
WH AT FACTORS INFLUENCE THE POLITICAL ACCEPTABILITY OF POLICY? 93
HOW CAN YOU MEASURE THE ACCEPTABILITY OF A POLICY? 93
HOW CAN YOU CHANGE THE ACCEPTABILITY OF A POLICY INTERVENTION? 94
WHO WILL IMPLEMENT IT? 94
IS THERE SUFFICIENT ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY? 94 WHAT ARE THE MAJOR
ORGANIZATIONAL LIMITATIONS? 94 HOW CAN YOU TELL? 94
WHAT IF THE CRITERIA CONFLICT? 96 CHAPTER SUMMARY 96 REVIEW QUESTIONS 97
NEWS STORY FOR ANALYSIS 97
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 99
SELEETED WEBSITES 99
SELEETED REFERENEES 100
CHAPTER 6 DEVELOP ALTERNATIVES 101
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 101
EDUCATION VIGNETTE 101
WH AT ARE ALTERNATIVES? 102
ALTERNATIVES ARE NOT OUTCOMES 102
ALTERNATIVES ARE NOT IMPLEMENTATION PLANS 102
BASIC ALTERNATIVES AND THEIR VARIANTS 102
DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVES BY MODELING THE SYSTEM 103
CONTENTS XVII
IMAGE 6
XVIII CONTENTS
THE METAPHOR OF THE MARKET 103
THE PRODUCTION METAPHOR 103
EVOLUTIONARY MODELS 104
DOING NOTHING DIFFERENT 104
HOW DO YOU GENERATE ALTERNATIVES? 104
SOURCES OF ALTERNATIVES 105 GENERIC ALTERNATIVES 105 CUSTOMIZING POLICY
INTERVENTIONS 106
POLICY TYPES 107
POLICY MECHANISMS AND BEST-PRACTICE CONTEXT 107
INDUCEMENTS 108
CAPACITY-BUILDING POLICIES 108
SYSTEM CHANGE POLICIES 109
MANDATES 109
HORTATORY POLICIES 109 CHAPTER SUMMARY 110 REVIEW QUESTIONS 111 NEWS
STORY FOR ANALYSIS 111 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 113 SELEETED WEBSITES 113
SELEETED REFERENEES 114
CHAPTER 7 WEIGH THE OPTIONS: EVALUATING ALTERNATIVES 115
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 115 EDUCATION VIGNETTE 115
HOW DO YOU WEIGH YOUR OPTIONS? 116
ANTICIPATING THE FUTURE 117 SAFEGUARDS IN FORE CASTING 117
DISCUSSING RELEVANT CRITERIA 117 MEASURING EFFECTIVENESS 118 MEASURING
EQUITY 119 MEASURING COSTS 119
MEASURING POLITICAL FEASIBILITY 120 MEASURING THE ABILITY OF AN
ALTERNATIVE TO BE IMPLEMENTED 120
PACKAGING YOUR ALTERNATIVES 121
DISTINGUISHING AMONG ALTERNATIVES 121
USING QUICK QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 122
CREATING A SCORECARD 122
EVALUATING ALTERNATIVES: THE SINGLE-STEP, NORM-BASED APPROACH 123
IMAGE 7
CONTENTS XIX
EVALUATING ALTERNATIVES: THE TWO-STEP, CRITERION-BASED APPROACH 124
CHAPTER SUMMARY 125 REVIEW QUESTIONS 125
NEWS STORY FOR ANALYSIS 126
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 126
SELECTED WEBSITES 127
SELECTED REFERENCES 127
CHAPTER 8 MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS 128
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 128
EDUCATION VIGNETTE 128
TRANSFORMING TRADE-OFFS INTO PREFERRED RESULTS 128
BEYOND EENY, MEENY, MINY, MOE 129
ROLE OF THE ANALYST 130
TRANSFORM VALUES INTO RESULTS 130
EDUCATION LEADER AS RESEARCHER, BUREAUCRAT, OR ENTREPRENEUR? 130
POLICY ANALYST AS ADVISER AND DECISION MAKER 131
NEED FOR ADVOCACY 131
VALUE-LADEN ARGUMENTS 131
ETHICALLY COMPLEX ARGUMENTS 132
IS THERE ONE BEST WAY? 133
REFINE APPROACHES TO RECOMMENDATION 134
TESTING THE CREDIBILITY OF YOUR RECOMMENDATION 134 CHAPTER SUMMARY 135
REVIEW QUESTIONS 136
NEWS STORY FOR ANALYSIS 136
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 137
SELECTED WEBSITES 138
SELECTED REFERENCES 138
CHAPTER 9 PERSUADE YOUR AUDIENCE 140
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 140
EDUCATION VIGNETTE 140
THE ART OF COMMUNICATION 141
HOW TO CONVEY YOUR ANALYSIS 141 WHO IS YOUR AUDIENCE? 142 EXPECTATIONS
OF AUDIENCE 142 AUDIENCE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING 142
AUDIENCE RESPONSE TO THE SOLUTION 143
IMAGE 8
XX CONTENTS
AUDIENCE FORUM 143 HOMOGENOUS OR DIVERSE 143 COMPLETE OR ABRIDGED
ANALYSIS 143 TIME 144
MAKING THE POLICY ARGUMENT 144 AUTHORITY 144 METHOD 144 GENERALIZATION
144
CLASSIFICATION 146 CAUSE 146 SIGN 146 MOTIVATION 147
INTUITION 147 ANALOGY 147 PARALLEL CASE 147 ETHICS 147
CHECKLIST FOR COMMUNICATING ANALYSIS 148
TIMELINESS 148
CLARITY OF FINDINGS 148
SO WHAT? 149 CHAPTER SUMMARY 149 REVIEW QUESTIONS 149 NEWS STORY FOR
ANALYSIS 150
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 151 SELEETED WEBSITES 151 SELEETED REFERENEES 151
CHAPTER 10 IMPLEMENT THE SOLUTION 153
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 153 EDUCATION VIGNETTE 153
SETTING THE STAGE FOR CHANGE 154
WHY WON T IT WORK 154
CREATING AN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 154 OUTLINE THE PLAN 154 EXPAND THE
OUTLINE 155 CHECK YOUR PLAN 157
IMPLEMENTING STRATEGICALLY 158
MAJOR IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES 158 HUMAN (PEOPLE-RELATED) PROBLEMS 158
PROCESS (PROGRAM-RELATED) PROBLEMS 159 STRUCTURAL (SETTLNG-RELATED)
PROBLEMS 159
INSTITUTIONAL LPROGRAM-RELATED OR SETIING-RELATED) PROBLEMS 159
IMAGE 9
STAGES IN IMPLEMENTATION 160
MOBILIZATION 160
IMPLEMENTATION PROPER 160
INSTITUTIONALIZATION 160 CHAPTER SUMMARY 161 REVIEW QUESTIONS 161 NEWS
STORY FOR ANALYSIS 161
DISEUSSION QUESTIONS 163 SELEETED WEBSITES 163 SELEETED REFERENEES 163
CHAPTER 11 MONITOR OUTPUTS 165
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 165
EDUCATION VIGNETTE 165
WHAT 15MONITORING? 166
FUNCTIONS OF MONITORING 166
COMPLIANCE 167
ACCOUNTING 167
AUDITING 167
EXPLANATION 168
WHAT SHOULD WE TRACK? 168
FUNCTIONS, DATA, AND DATA SOURCES 168
THREE KEY MONITORING QUESTIONS 170 WHY SHOULD WE TRACK THESE DATA? 171
WHO SHOULD TRACK THE REQUIRED DATA? 171 HOW OFTEN SHOULD WE TRACK THESE
DATA? 171
METHODS OF TRACKING 172
ESTABLISHING BASELINES 172
DETERMINING WH AT CHANGE IS BEING MEASURED 173 MEASUREMENT ACROSS SPACE
AND TIME 173 UNITS OF ANALYSIS 173 DISPLAYING DATA 173
CHAPTER SUMMARY 174
REVIEW QUESTIONS 174 NEWS STORY FOR ANALYSIS 174 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
175 SELEETED WEBSITES 176 SELEETED REFERENEES 176
CHAPTER 12 EVALUATE OUTCOMES 178
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 178
EDUCATION VIGNETTE 178
CONTENTS XXI
IMAGE 10
XXII CONTENTS
EVALUATING VERSUS MONITORING 179
FOCUS OF EVALUATION 179
TYPES AND PURPOSES OF EVALUATION 180
FORMATIVE EVALUATIONS 180
SUMMATIVE EVALUATIONS 180
USERS OF EVALUATION 181
APPROACHES TO EVALUATION 181
METHODS OF EVALUATION 182
COMPONENTS OF AN EVALUATION PLAN 182
ANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 183
COMMON METHODS OF ASSESSMENT 184 RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS 184 DIRECT
CONTROLLED TRIALS 185 QUASI-EXPERIMENTS 185
MATCHING 185 8EFORE-AND-AFTER COMPARISONS 185 WITH-AND-WITHOUT
COMPARISONS 186 NONEXPERIMENTAL DIRECT ANALYSIS 186
NONEXPERIMENTAL INDIRECT ANALYSIS 186
POL ITICA I CONSIDERATIONS 186
CHAPTER SUMMARY 187 REVIEW QUESTIONS 188 NEWS STORY FOR ANALYSIS 188
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 189
SELEETED WEBSITES 190 SELEETED REFERENEES 190
CHAPTER 13 CONCLUDING REMARKS 192
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 192 EDUCATION VIGNETTE 192
REMEMBER WHY WE DO POLICY ANALYSIS 192
POLICY ANALYSIS AND YOU 193
POLICY ANALYSIS AND THE COMMUNITY 193
POLICY ANALYSIS AND CHANGE 194
POLICY ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION 194
THE STEPS IN POLICY ANALYSIS USING AN EXISTING POLICY EXAMPLE 194
ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT (ESEA) 194 DEFINE THE PROBLEM 195
MAKE THE CASE 195 ESTABLISH YOUR DRIVING VALUES 195
DEVELOP ALTERNATIVES 196 WEIGH THE OPTIONS 196
IMAGE 11
MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS 196
PERSUADE YOUR AEUDIENCE 196 IMPLEMENT THE SOLUTION 196 MONITOR OUTPUTS
196 EVALUATE OUTCOMES 196 CHAPTER SUMMARY 197 REVIEW QUESTIONS 197
NEWS STORY FOR ANALYSIS 197
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 199
SELEETED WEBSITES 199
SELEETED REFERENEES 200
PULLOUT FIELD GUIDE FOR EDUCATIONAL LEADERS: SUMMARY OF CHECKLIST OF
EACH STEP OF THE POLICY ANAL YTICAL PROCESS
REFERENEES 201 INDEX 207
CONTENTS XXIII
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Alexander, Nicola A. |
author_facet | Alexander, Nicola A. |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Alexander, Nicola A. |
author_variant | n a a na naa |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV039660590 |
classification_rvk | DI 1002 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)753300110 (DE-599)BVBBV039660590 |
dewey-full | 379 |
dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
dewey-ones | 379 - Public policy issues in education |
dewey-raw | 379 |
dewey-search | 379 |
dewey-sort | 3379 |
dewey-tens | 370 - Education |
discipline | Pädagogik |
format | Book |
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geographic_facet | USA |
id | DE-604.BV039660590 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-12-24T02:23:53Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9780137016006 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024509982 |
oclc_num | 753300110 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-29 |
owner_facet | DE-29 |
physical | XXIII, 215 S. 24 cm |
publishDate | 2013 |
publishDateSearch | 2013 |
publishDateSort | 2013 |
publisher | Pearson Education |
record_format | marc |
series2 | The Allyn & Bacon educational leadership series |
spellingShingle | Alexander, Nicola A. Policy analysis for educational leaders a step-by-step approach Education and state Bildungspolitik (DE-588)4006667-8 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4006667-8 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
title | Policy analysis for educational leaders a step-by-step approach |
title_auth | Policy analysis for educational leaders a step-by-step approach |
title_exact_search | Policy analysis for educational leaders a step-by-step approach |
title_full | Policy analysis for educational leaders a step-by-step approach Nicola A. Alexander |
title_fullStr | Policy analysis for educational leaders a step-by-step approach Nicola A. Alexander |
title_full_unstemmed | Policy analysis for educational leaders a step-by-step approach Nicola A. Alexander |
title_short | Policy analysis for educational leaders |
title_sort | policy analysis for educational leaders a step by step approach |
title_sub | a step-by-step approach |
topic | Education and state Bildungspolitik (DE-588)4006667-8 gnd |
topic_facet | Education and state Bildungspolitik USA |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024509982&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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