Contemporary linguistics an introduction
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| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London ; Munich [u.a.]
Pearson
2011
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| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Learning about language
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Contemporary linguistics |b an introduction |c William O'Grady ; John Archibald ; Francis Katamba |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819651800773427200 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contemporary Linguistics
An Introduction
Second edition
WILLIAM O GRADY
University of Hawaii
JOHN ARCHIBALD
University of Calgary
FRANCIS KATAMBA
University of Lancaster
Longman
is an imprint of
Harlow, England • London • New York • Boston • San Francisco • Toronto
Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Hong Kong • Seoul • Taipei • New Delhi
Cape Town • Madrid • Mexico City • Amsterdam • Munich • Paris • Milan
Brief Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Publisher s acknowledgements xix
List of Technical Abbreviations xxi
1 Language: A Preview 1
2 Phonetics: The Sounds of Language 16
3 Phonology: The Function and Patterning of Sounds 59
4 Morphology: The Analysis of Word Structure 116
5 Syntax: The Analysis of Sentence Structure 153
6 Semantics and Pragmatics: The Analysis of Meaning 197
7 Cognitive Grammar 243
8 Historical Linguistics: The Study of Language Change 272
9 The Classification of Languages 327
10 First Language Acquisition 357
11 Second Language Acquisition 394
12 Psycholinguistics: The Study of Language Processing 428
13 Brain and Language 455
14 Language in Social Contexts 477
15 Writing and Language 523
16 Animal Communication 547
17 Computational Linguistics 581
Glossary 620
Sources 655
Appendix: phonetic charts 668
Language Index 672
Subject Index 677
VII
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Publisher s acknowledgements xix
List of Technical Abbreviations xxi
1 Language: A Preview 1
William O Crady
1 1 Specialisation for language 2
12A creative system 3
1 3 Grammar and linguistic competence 5
Summing up 14
Recommended reading 14
Exercises 14
2 Phonetics: The Sounds of Language 16
Michael Dobrovolsky • Francis Katamba
2 1 Phonetic transcription 17
2 2 The sound-producing system 19
2 3 Sound classes 22
2 4 Consonant articulation 23
2 5 Manners of articulation 26
2 6 Vowels 35
2 7 Phonetic transcription of English consonants and vowels 40
2 8 Suprasegmentals 42
2 9 Speech production 48
2 10 Other vowels and consonants 53
Summing up 54
Recommended reading 55
Exercises 55
3 Phonology: The Function and Patterning of Sounds 59
Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins • Michael Dobrovolsky • Francis Katamba
3 1 Segments in contrast 60
3 2 Phonetically conditioned variation: phonemes and allophones 64
3 3 Phonetic and phonemic transcription 75
3 4 Above the segment: syllables 78
3 5 Features 88
3 6 Derivations and rules 99
Summing up 106
Recommended reading 106
ix
Contents
Appendix: hints for solving phonology problems 106
Exercises 108
4 Morphology: The Analysis of Word Structure 116
William O Crady • Videa de Guzman
4 1 Words and word structure 11 7
4 2 Derivation 122
4 3 Compounding 126
4 4 Inflection 132
4 5 Other morphological phenomena 1 35
4 6 Morphophonemics 143
Summing up 144
Recommended reading 144
Appendix: how to identify morphemes in unfamiliar languages 144
Exercises 145
5 Syntax: The Analysis of Sentence Structure 153
William O Crady
5 1 Categories and structure 155
5 2 Complement options 165
5 3 Move 169
5 4 Universal Grammar and parametric variation 179
5 5 Some additional structures 184
Summing up 189
Recommended reading 189
Appendix: how to build tree structures 190
Exercises 194
6 Semantics and Pragmatics: The Analysis of Meaning 197
William O Crady • Francis Katamba
6 1 The nature of meaning 197
6 2 The conceptual system 206
6 3 Syntax and sentence interpretation 214
6 4 Pragmatics: other factors in sentence interpretation 225
Summing up 237
Recommended reading 237
Exercises 237
7 Cognitive Grammar 243
John Taylor
7 1 Language as a symbolic system 243
7 2 Cognitive grammar 244
7 3 Categories and concepts 246
7 4 Assembly 254
7 5 Idioms and constructions 258
7 6 The role of the conceptualiser 262
7 7 Mental spaces
Summing up
Recommended reading
Exercises
8 Historical Linguistics: The Study of Language Change
Robert W Murray
8 1 The nature of language change
8 2 Sound change
8 3 Morphological change
8 4 Syntactic change
8 5 Lexical and semantic change
8 6 The spread of change
8 7 Language reconstruction
8 8 Language change and naturalness
Summing up
Recommended reading
Exercises
Contents
9 The Classification of Languages 327
Aleksandra Steinbergs
9 1 Some preliminaries 327
9 2 Typological classification 331
9 3 Genetic classification 348
Summing up 354
Recommended reading 354
Exercises 355
10 First Language Acquisition 357
William O Crady • Sook Whan Cho
10 1 The study of language acquisition 357
10 2 Phonological development 361
10 3 Vocabulary development 366
10 4 Morphological development 372
10 5 Syntactic development 376
10 6 What makes language acquisition possible? 383
Summing up 390
Recommended reading 390
Exercises 390
11 Second Language Acquisition 394
John Archibald
11 1 The study of second language acquisition 395
11 2 Interlanguage grammars 400
11 3 Factors affecting SLA 414
11 4 The L2 classroom 418
xi
Contents
Summing up 425
Recommended reading 425
Exercises 425
12 Psycholinguistics: The Study of Language Processing 428
Gary Libben
12 1 Methods of psycholinguists research 428
12 2 Language processing and linguistics 438
12 3 Putting it all together: psycholinguistic modelling 447
Summing up 453
Recommended reading 453
Exercises 453
13 Brain and Language 455
Gary Libben
13 1 The human brain 455
132 Investigating the brain 459
13 3 Aphasia 465
13 4 Acquired dyslexia and dysgraphia 469
13 5 Linguistic theory and aphasia 470
Summing up 475
Recommended reading 475
Exercises 476
14 Language in Social Contexts 477
Gerard Van Herk • Francis Katamba
14 1 Language variation and social distinctions 480
14 2 Place 482
14 3 Time 495
14 4 Isolation 497
14 5 Contact 501
14 6 Distinctions within a community: class, ethnicity and gender 505
14 7 Social interaction and language 510
14 8 How societies deal with language 514
Summing up 519
Recommended reading 520
Exercises 520
15 Writing and Language 523
Michael Dobrovolsky
15 1 Types of writing 523
15 2 The early history of writing 524
15 3 The evolution of writing 527
15 4 Some non-European writing systems 533
15 5 English orthography 538
15 6 Writing and reading 543
xii
Contents
Summing up 545
Recommended reading 545
Exercises 546
16 Animal Communication 547
Michael Dobrovolsky
16 1 Non-vocal communication 547
16 2 Communication structure: the study of signs 549
16 3 The bees 556
16 4 The birds 559
16 5 Non-human primates 562
16 6 Testing non-human primates for linguistic ability 567
16 7 Comparing communication systems: design features 574
Summing up 578
Recommended reading 579
Exercises 579
17 Computational Linguistics 581
Judith Klavans
17 1 Computational phonetics and phonology 583
17 2 Computational morphology 588
17 3 Computational syntax 592
17 4 Computational lexicology 599
175 Computational semantics 603
17 6 Practical applications of computational linguistics 606
Summing up 614
Recommended reading 614
Exercises 615
Glossary 620
Sources 655
Appendix: phonetic charts 668
Language Index 672
Subject Index 677
XIII
Contemporary Linguistics has long provided a comprehensive introduction to the
discipline, balancing engaging aspects of language study with sound coverage of
the core areas of linguistics. Now in its second UK edition, it has been fully revised
and updated to reflect the latest trends in scholarship, and includes an entirely new
chapter expounding cognitive grammar.
An initiation into the intricacies of scientific linguistic analysis, Contemporary
Linguistics covers not only how language is structured, but also how it functions
both socially and culturally, and how it is acguired and processed by speakers.
Interdisciplinary areas such as psycholinguistics, language acquisition and the
growing field of computational linguistics are explored as well as the fundamentals
of phonetics and phonology, syntax and semantics. Up-to-date scholarship, a direct
approach and a lucid writing style makes it appealing to instructors and students
alike, and a resource that many students continue to use beyond the classroom.
Features include:
•
Language Matters boxes providing more general interest reading.
•
Extra student resources available in a Companion Website
(www.pearsoned.co.uk/ogrady) with additional coverage of topics treated
in the text and organised to correspond to the chapters of the book.
Originally co-edited by William O Grady and John Archibald, with contributions from
other leading scholars, and published in Canada, this major textbook has been fully
adapted and updated by Francis
Katámba
for use in Britain and the rest of the world
outside North America.
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| title | Contemporary linguistics an introduction |
| title_auth | Contemporary linguistics an introduction |
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| title_full | Contemporary linguistics an introduction William O'Grady ; John Archibald ; Francis Katamba |
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| title_short | Contemporary linguistics |
| title_sort | contemporary linguistics an introduction |
| title_sub | an introduction |
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