Andriej Amalrik - rosyjski dysydent
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Polish |
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Wydawn. Uniw. Jagiellońskiego
2010
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Ausgabe: | Wyd. 1. |
Schriftenreihe: | Literatura Rosyjska, Emigracja, Tamizdat, Samizdat
15 |
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LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cb4500 | ||
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001 | BV037349002 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 20220124 | ||
007 | t | ||
008 | 110420s2010 |||| 00||| pol d | ||
020 | |a 9788323329619 |9 978-83-233-2961-9 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)729989820 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV037349002 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Andriej Amalrik - rosyjski dysydent |c Katarzyna Duda |
250 | |a Wyd. 1. | ||
264 | 1 | |a Kraków |b Wydawn. Uniw. Jagiellońskiego |c 2010 | |
300 | |a 340, [2] s. |c 21 cm. | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 1 | |a Literatura Rosyjska, Emigracja, Tamizdat, Samizdat |v 15 | |
500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. u. russ. Sprache u.d.T.: Andrei Amalrik - a Russian dissident | ||
600 | 1 | 7 | |a Amalʹrik, Andrej |d 1938-1980 |0 (DE-588)118502387 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4006804-3 |a Biografie |2 gnd-content | |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Amalʹrik, Andrej |d 1938-1980 |0 (DE-588)118502387 |D p |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
830 | 0 | |a Literatura Rosyjska, Emigracja, Tamizdat, Samizdat |v 15 |w (DE-604)BV011184542 |9 15 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804145637875253248 |
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adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
Wolny człowiek w zniewolonym kraju
......................................... 7
Rozdział I Rosyjski teatr absurdu i absurdalna rzeczywistość
radziecka
(twórczość dramaturgiczna Andriej a Amalrika)
...................... 57
Rozdział
II
Koniec Imperium. Profetyczna analiza przyczyn
upadku ZSRR
Czy Związek Sowiecki przetrwa do roku
1984?....................... 107
Rozdział III Więzienie i zesłanie
Niechciana podróż na Syberię
................................................. 143
Rozdział
IV
Od zniewolenia do wolności wewnętrznej
Notatki dysydenta
..................................................................... 193
Zakończenie
Między radziecką utopią a ułudą Zachodu
(publicystyka Andrieja Amalrika)
................................................. 269
Bibliografia
................................................................................... 309
Резюме
.......................................................................................... 323
Summary.......................................................................................
329
Indeks nazwisk
.............................................................................. 333
Summary
ANDREI AMALRIK
-
A RUSSIAN DISSIDENT
Andrei Amalrik
-
a Russian writer, a publicist, and a public figure in the period of
Khrushchev s thaw. He is a representative of the Russian third emigration wave. His
versatile and rich literary output has not been compiled completely yet. Therefore, this
book aims to present such a holistic overview of Amalrik s legacy.
In the Introduction (A Free Man in the Enslaved Country) a thorough biography has
been presented, outlining his genealogical tree, both agnatic and cognate relatives. The
history of Amalrik family has been considered through a complicated history of the
Soviet Union. It has been highlighted how
totalitarism
stri
ved
for a destruction of inter¬
personal relationship, including the only possible and true community
-
the family. The
attitude of the people opposing the ideological pressure, who fostered dignity, honour
and love for truthfulness in themselves, as the elementary vectors of homo sapiens be¬
haviour, has been raised to the heroism rank. Amalrik is just an example of those people
-
a free man in the enslaved country . Because of the lack of humbleness towards the
colossus on clay legs he had to pay a high price: he was expelled from the university,
sent to Siberia, twice imprisoned and sent to a labor camp, and eventually
-
exiled. He
died in foreign lands in a car accident, but not as one tried repeatedly to prove from the
initiative of the KGB. During emigration he popularized the Russian culture and lite¬
rature. His original works could have been published officially in the USSR not earlier
than in the perestroika period.
Chapter I of this monograph
-
The Russian Theatre of the Absurd and Soviet Absurd
Reality (Andrei Amalrik s Dramaturgic Output)
-
focuses on Amalrik s fiction legacy,
combined in a generic way with a drama sphere. The most known Amalrik s stage
plays, first published in Amsterdam include: My Aunt Lives in Volokolamsk, Is Uncle
Jack a Conformist, The Fourteen Lovers of Ugly Mary-Ann, East-West, The Story of the
Little White Bull and a creatively transformed adaptation of Gogol s The Nose.
According to Amalrik, his dramas are based on Samuel Beckett s (Waiting for Go¬
dot) and
Eugène Ionesco s
(The Bald Soprano) works. Therefore, they belong to the
theatre of absurd concept. Contrary to the researchers of
absurdism
phenomenon in the
culture (Martin Esslin
-
The Theatre of the Absurd), the absurd theatre originates not
330
Andriej Amalrik
-
rosyjski dysydent
from the Western Europe in the 50s of XX century, but from Bolshevik s Russia in the
20s of the past century. The absurd on the Russian territory one did not have to invent,
since the reality itself was absurd and meaningless with its municipal flats, black eco¬
nomy developed to a monstrous size, delusions of persecution and a duty to spy against
the beloved. All these problems were reflected in Amalrik, a dramatist, works.
The End of Empire. A Prophetic Analysis of the Causes of the USSR Fall
{ ШИ
the Soviet Union Survive Until
1984? ) -
is to be found in Chapter II of this book. An
Amalrik s sociological and historical essay, to which analysis and interpretation this
part of the dissertation is devoted, is related to the famous George Orwell s anti-utopia
1984.
The essay was published in the West, were it quickly gained an immense popula¬
rity. It was translated into many languages, such as: English, French, German, Chinese,
Dutch and Swedish. A jazz record also came up having the same title in the United
States. Amalrik, on the basis of his observed tendencies, as one of the first men foresaw
a rapid fall of the Soviet Union. He also presented a structure of the emerging Dissident
Movement in the USSR and made an evaluation of the Soviet Union (originally named
Kraj
Rad)
foreign policy.
Amalrik s reminiscent Involuntary Journey to Siberia was also known both in the
USSR and outsider its borders. Chapter III Imprisonment and Exile Involuntary Jou¬
rney to Siberia
is devoted to its analysis and interpretation. The memoirs have been
divided into two parts: Moscow and Siberian. In the Moscow part the dissident elabora¬
tes on circumstances accompanying his detention, finding him a parasite, perquisitions
in his flat and constant harassment he went through.
The reflections of Amalrik concerning avant-garde painting in times of Brezhnev s
reign were interesting. It should be mentioned that Amalrik was an abstract art collec¬
tor and many a time he helped to organize underground Russian painting exhibitions.
His connections with avant-garde were one of many pretexts for his imprisonment and
sending the dissident to the Siberian farm village
-
Guriovka. The Siberian part focuses
especially on Amalrik s stay near Tomsk, where despite his bad health he had to per¬
form a hard physical work. The writer s observations during this period made him con¬
clude that the Russian countryside destroyed by collectivization is in the
agonal
state.
Another Amalrik s book Notes of a Revolutionary possesses a reminiscent character
related to nonfictional prose features (Chapter IV: From Coercion to Inner Liberty No¬
tes of a Revolutionary
)·
The author paid his attention to the mass media situation in the
USSR, entangled in the Soviet manipulation and propaganda. It was an outrageous fact
that the journalists ethos of work had been shattered. The journalists instead of con¬
veying true information follow directives enforced by the communist party. The truth
which ought to have been treated as the duty for the mass media had been replaced by
lies. The newspaper readers received a distorted picture of Russia and the world. The
information flow from the outside world was made difficult: the Soviet Union reminds
a besieged stronghold. Things were better in a theatre sphere, although even here there
were also visible re-Stalinization tendencies. Amalrik on request of a Nowosti press
Andrei Amalrik -
A Russian
Dissident 331
agency, conducted a series of interviews with the Russian film directors and theatre
actors making at the same time a summarized review of Moscow theatres map.
The most crucial issue of the book Notes of a Revolutionary is to present the evo¬
lution of the Human Rights Movement in the USSR. Amalrik depicts characters of
popular Russian dissidents: Solzhenitsyn, Sakharov, Ginzburg, Galanskov, Bukovsky,
Orlov.
He writes about
samizdat
-
an underground publishing circulation and its role
in promoting a free thinking. Additionally, Amalrik handed over many books published
by means of
samizdat
(e.g. Reflections on Progress, Peaceful Coexistence, and Intel¬
lectual Freedom by Sakharov or Forever Flowing by Vasily Grossman) to the West.
The dissident pointed to a particular meaning of
samizdat
newspapers, especially to the
function of Chronicle of Current Events
—
a newsletter, inserting reliable data con¬
cerning the prisoners of conscience situation on the Soviet Union territory. Moreover,
Amalrik concentrated on the phenomenon of the so called petition campaign
-
the
letters of protest in the defence of political prisoners, directed to the Soviet authorities
and the international opinion. It has been mentioned that the Dissident Movement in the
USSR came into being based on the defence of postulates, included in the Soviet consti¬
tution. The Soviet Union had a constitution, but its paragraphs (referring to a freedom
of speech, assemblies, a possibility of a free country-leaving) were not respected. The
dissidents developed though their activity postulating the respect of law included and
guaranteed by the constitution. Amalrik perceived the law suits against the dissidents
such as: Siniavski, Daniel, Ginzburg and Dobrovolsky as examples of breaking the
law. As an important event showing Russian dissidents solidarity with other nations,
Amalrik regarded a dissident protest against the USSR invasion on Czechoslovakia in
August
1968.
An essential step in the evolution of the Democratic Movement was the
foundation of the Moscow Helsinki Group.
Notes of a Revolutionary belong partly to the labor camp literary trend. Amal¬
rik shows the USSR as a country of prison civilisation. He does this in an incredibly
methodological way since he had been the GULAG prisoner himself. He describes
thoroughly further phases of repressions: oppressions, persecutions, arrests, a stay in
Butrysk prison, a way to Kolyma and finally living conditions in a concentration camp
of Magadan. He points out to an every day labor camp routine, little food rations, mo¬
notonous, unproductive work, the lack of help from medical camp services and a brutal¬
ity of guards. Simultaneously, he makes a prisoners classification, dividing them into
murderers, thieves and hooligans. The novelty in Amalrik s memoirs towards other
literary camp works depends on the fact that he depicts labor camps in the period of
Brezhnev s reign and not in their cruellest Stalin s phase. The dissident stated that the
attitude of common prisoners had changed (regarded by the authorities as socially
close so far) towards political prisoners. The latter ones were treated then with respect
and friendliness, and not like enemies before. There are two factors which are the most
annoying to labor camp prisoners, namely hunger and the lack of love. It was high¬
lighted that the labor camp conditions, power hierarchy, unique customs reflect those
at quasi-liberty.
332
Andriej Amalrik
-
rosyjski dysydent
Amalrik
did not also omit the description of massive harassment, which was fired
against him in order to make him emigrate. They wanted to prolong his camp sentence,
thus he went on a
1
17-day hunger strike. He had undergone an artificial feeding, which
reminded the most sophisticated tortures. Eventually, the labor camp sentence had been
changed into exile. Since he did not want to repent and express his self-criticism in the
Soviet press, he was threatened to be confined in a camp psychiatric hospital. After he
had returned to Moscow he did not have a place to live and he could not find a job. Ha¬
ving felt a loop tightening more and more around his neck, he left his fatherland hoping
all the time to come back.
The conclusion of the book (Between the Soviet Utopia and the West Delusion
-
Andrei Amalrik s publicism) concentrates on Russian dissident journalistic works
compiled into two volumes: Articles and Letters and The USSR and The West in One
Boat. Amalrik presented here e.g. such issues as an artist versus totalitarian authority,
Russia versus the West, ideologies in the Soviet society or summing up the actions of
Dissident Movement.
Amalrik criticised the attitude of those writers (An Open Letter to Anatoly Kuznet-
sov) who having decided to leave for the West and stay there permanently, chose (like
Kuznetsov) the cooperation with the KGB. According to the Russian dissident, they
gained in such a way only the lower stadium of liberation from violence, namely the
outer freedom, hence the real freedom
-
the inner one
-
remains beyond their reach.
There is a live tradition in the Russian journalism referring to considerations of
mutual relationship between Russia and the West. Amalrik belongs to such a tradition.
Critically he evaluates exulting relaxation in times of Brezhnev s reign. Moreover,
he regards the USA policy as submission towards the USSR. He notices that the advan¬
tages of relaxation policy are gained only by the Soviet authorities. Thanks to the help
of the West, it fills in enormous gaps in the economy, not refraining from the armaments
race and not caring at all for human rights.
A distinction made by Amalrik between an ideology, science and religion turned out
to be gripping. According to the dissident, the communist ideology, which was viewed
for a long time as the only possible one, is dying. At the same time it began to lack
a catechism of faith , and the communism itself was fading away and began to col¬
lapse. As a result a multitude and diversity of ideologies might come into being, which
the society could fall back on. The publicist made a thorough overview of marxism,
liberalism and nationalism in particular.
The book Andrei Amalrik and Russian Dissident Movement features further times
of Human Rights Movement (after he had emigrated and after his death) It has been
mentioned that in the post-Perestroika period this movement was discredited and is
frequently unfairly underappreciated. However, in fact it was prolonged in such organi¬
zations and associations like Memorial or Amnesty International.
The figure of Amalrik himself, the first man to make a contact with foreign corre¬
spondents accredited in Moscow has been shown against a background of other dissi¬
dents legacy. All in all, a huge role of Russian literature awakening the nation s con¬
sciousness has been highlighted.
|
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genre_facet | Biografie |
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institution | BVB |
isbn | 9788323329619 |
language | Polish |
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publishDate | 2010 |
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series | Literatura Rosyjska, Emigracja, Tamizdat, Samizdat |
series2 | Literatura Rosyjska, Emigracja, Tamizdat, Samizdat |
spelling | Duda, Katarzyna 1965- Verfasser (DE-588)1250199395 aut Andriej Amalrik - rosyjski dysydent Katarzyna Duda Wyd. 1. Kraków Wydawn. Uniw. Jagiellońskiego 2010 340, [2] s. 21 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literatura Rosyjska, Emigracja, Tamizdat, Samizdat 15 Zsfassung in engl. u. russ. Sprache u.d.T.: Andrei Amalrik - a Russian dissident Amalʹrik, Andrej 1938-1980 (DE-588)118502387 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Amalʹrik, Andrej 1938-1980 (DE-588)118502387 p DE-604 Literatura Rosyjska, Emigracja, Tamizdat, Samizdat 15 (DE-604)BV011184542 15 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022502532&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022502532&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
spellingShingle | Duda, Katarzyna 1965- Andriej Amalrik - rosyjski dysydent Literatura Rosyjska, Emigracja, Tamizdat, Samizdat Amalʹrik, Andrej 1938-1980 (DE-588)118502387 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)118502387 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
title | Andriej Amalrik - rosyjski dysydent |
title_auth | Andriej Amalrik - rosyjski dysydent |
title_exact_search | Andriej Amalrik - rosyjski dysydent |
title_full | Andriej Amalrik - rosyjski dysydent Katarzyna Duda |
title_fullStr | Andriej Amalrik - rosyjski dysydent Katarzyna Duda |
title_full_unstemmed | Andriej Amalrik - rosyjski dysydent Katarzyna Duda |
title_short | Andriej Amalrik - rosyjski dysydent |
title_sort | andriej amalrik rosyjski dysydent |
topic | Amalʹrik, Andrej 1938-1980 (DE-588)118502387 gnd |
topic_facet | Amalʹrik, Andrej 1938-1980 Biografie |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022502532&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022502532&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV011184542 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT dudakatarzyna andriejamalrikrosyjskidysydent |