Tritton on intellectual property in Europe
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
FOREWORD V
PREFACE IX
TABLE OF CASES LIII
TABLE OF STATUTES CXLIII
TABLE OF EUROPEAN LEGISLATION CXLV
PARA
1. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION 1-001
PLAN OF THIS BOOK 1-007
THE EUROPEAN UNION
HISTORY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 1-008
CHANGE IN NUMBERING OF ARTICLES OF TFEU 1-011
STRUCTURE AND FRAMEWORK OF THE TFEU 1-012
COUNCIL 1-013
EUROPEAN COMMISSION 1-014
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 1-015
THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN
UNION 1-016
EUROPEAN UNION LAW 1-017
THE PROCESS OF CREATING EU LEGISLATION 1-018
DIRECT APPLICABILITY 1-019
DIRECT EFFECT 1-020
ARTICLES OF THE TFEU 1-021
REGULATIONS 1-022
DIRECTIVES 1-023
LIABILITY OF A MEMBER STATE IN DAMAGES FOR
FAILURE TO PROPERLY IMPLEMENT A
DIRECTIVE 1-026
DECISIONS 1-027
XLLL
XIV CONTENTS
RECOMMENDATIONS AND OPINIONS 1-028
SUPREMACY OF EU LAW 1-029
APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION OF EU
LAW 1-030
PRELIMINARY REFERENCES TO THE CJEU 1-031
JUDICIAL REVIEW OF ACTS OF EU
INSTITUTIONS 1-034
FAILURE TO ACT BY INSTITUTIONS OF THE EU 1-036
INCIDENTAL REVIEW OF REGULATIONS BEFORE THE
CJEU 1-038
THE EUROPEAN UNION AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
INTRODUCTION 1-039
LEGISLATIVE BASIS FOR EU INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
LEGISLATION
HARMONISING DIRECTIVES 1-041
UNITARY EU-WIDE IPRS 1-043
ENHANCED CO-OPERATION 1-044
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA
HISTORY OF THE EEA 1-045
FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE EEA 1-046
STRUCTURE AND FRAMEWORK OF THE EEA
AGREEMENT 1-047
ACQUIS COMMUNAUTAIRE 1-048
INSTITUTIONS OF THE EEA 1-049
COMMON EEA INSTITUTIONS 1-050
EFTA INSTITUTIONS 1-051
UNIFORM INTERPRETATION AND SURVEILLANCE OF EEA AND
EU PROVISIONS 1-052
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE EEA 1-053
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND EU LAW
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND NATIONAL LAWS 1-056
STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS IN EU LAW 1-057
LEGALITY OF EU MEASURE IN LIGHT OF
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION 1-058
OBLIGATION TO INTERPRET EUROPEAN UNION AND
NATIONAL LEGISLATION IN LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTION 1-059
TRIPS AGREEMENT 1-060
MINIMUM STANDARDS 1-061
CONTENTS XV
ENFORCEMENT 1-062
DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 1-063
CRIMINAL MEASURES 1-064
DOHA DECLARATION ON TRIPS 1-064A
TRIPS AND EU LAW 1-065
TRIPS: ITS PLACE IN EU LAW 1-066
EXCLUSIVE COMPETENCE OF EU UNDER THE TFEU
TO LEGISLATE IN THE FIELD OF TRIPS 1-067
2. PATENTS IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION 2-001
PARIS CONVENTION 2-003
TRIPS AGREEMENT 2-004
AVAILABILITY OF PATENTS FOR ALL INVENTIONS 2-005
EXCEPTIONS TO PATENTABILITY 2-006
RIGHTS CONFERRED BY A PATENT 2-007
REQUIREMENT OF DISCLOSURE 2-008
EXCEPTIONS TO RIGHTS CONFERRED 2-009
COMPULSORY LICENCES 2-010
REVOCATION/FORFEITURE OF A PATENT 2*011
TERM OF A PATENT 2-012
BURDEN OF PROOF IN ACTIONS FOR INFRINGEMENT OF A
PROCESS PATENT 2-013
PATENT COOPERATION TREATY
FUNDAMENTALS OF THE PCT 2-015
INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION
FILING OF INTERNATIONAL APPLICATIONS 2-019
LANGUAGE REGIME FOR INTERNATIONAL
APPLICATIONS 2-020
PROCEDURE UPON RECEIPT OF APPLICATION 2-021
CONTENTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION 2-022
CLAIMING PRIORITY 2-023
DEFECTS IN THE APPLICATION 2-024
DESIGNATION OF CONTRACTING STATES 2-025
INTERNATIONAL SEARCH 2-026
SUPPLEMENTARY INTERNATIONAL SEARCH 2-028
NON-BINDING WRITTEN OPINION AS TO PATENTABILITY
(IPRP) 2-029
AMENDMENT OF THE CLAIMS 2-030
XVI CONTENTS
PUBLICATION OF THE APPLICATION 2-031
COMMUNICATION TO DESIGNATED OFFICES 2-032
COPY, TRANSLATION AND FEE TO DESIGNATED
OFFICES*NATIONAL PHASE 2-033
INTERNATIONAL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION*CHAPTER II
PCT
INTRODUCTION 2-034
ELIGIBLE APPLICANTS 2-035
TIME LIMITS 2-036
THE DEMAND 2-037
SUBSTANTIVE EXAMINATION BY THE IPEA 2-038
TRANSLATION AND NATIONAL FEE TO ELECTED
OFFICES*NATIONAL PHASE, CHAPTER II 2-039
EUROPEAN PATENT CONVENTION
STRUCTURE OF THIS CHAPTER ON EPC 2-040
INTRODUCTION 2-041
EPC 2000 2-042
SCHEME OF THE EPC 2-043
HARMONISATION OF THE PATENT LAWS OF
CONTRACTING STATES 2-044
NON-HARMONISATION BY EPC 2-045
HARMONISATION WITHIN THE EU 2-046
ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF A EUROPEAN PATENT 2-047
LEGAL DOCUMENTATION OF THE EPC 2-048
ADMINISTRATION OF THE EPC 2-049
RELATIONSHIP OF THE EPC TO INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTIONS 2-050
EPC AND TRIPS 2-051
THE EPC AND EUROPEAN UNION 2-052
SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR A EUROPEAN
PATENT 2-053
NOVELTY 2-054
INVENTIVE STEP 2-078
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION 2-099
SUFFICIENCY 2-100
UNPATENTABLE INVENTIONS 2-102
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS 2-111
DEFINITION OF "BIOTECHNOLOGICAL
INVENTION" 2-112
MERE DISCOVERY 2-113
CONTENTS XVII
ESSENTIALLY BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES 2-116
MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSES 2-117
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS AND ANIMAL
VARIETIES 2-118
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS AND ORDRE
PUBLIC 2-119
PROTECTION AFFORDED BY EUROPEAN PATENT
SCOPE OF PROTECTION 2-120
WHAT INFRINGES? WHO INFRINGES? 2-122
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE UNDER THE EPC 2-123
THE APPLICANT 2-124
ENTITLEMENT TO PATENT 2-125
LANGUAGES UNDER THE EPC 2-126
DESIGNATION OF CONTRACTING STATES 2-130
PRIORITY 2-131
CONTENTS OF THE PATENT APPLICATION 2-134
MICRO-ORGANISMS 2-141
FEES 2-142
UNITY OF INVENTION 2-143
COMMUNICATION AND FILING WITH THE EPO 2-144
GENERAL PROVISIONS REGARDING THE EPO'S
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS 2-145
PROSECUTION OF APPLICATION BEFORE EPO
THE FILING OF THE PATENT APPLICATION 2-151
FILING FEES 2-152
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF APPLICATION 2-153
SEARCH UNDER THE EPC 2-154
PUBLICATION OF THE APPLICATION 2-155
EXAMINATION OF THE APPLICATION 2-156
GRANT OF THE PATENT 2-158
TRANSFER INTO NATIONAL PATENTS 2-159
AMENDMENTS 2-160
SUBSTANTIVE LAW 2-167
DIVISIONAL APPLICATIONS 2-173
OPPOSITION PROCEEDINGS 2-177
APPEALS 2-180
JUDICIAL REVIEW OF EPO IN A CONTRACTING
STATE 2-184
TIME LIMITS 2-185
CORRECTION OF ERRORS 2-191
XVIII CONTENTS
ACCELERATED PROSECUTION OF EUROPEAN PATENTS:
PACE 2-192
REVOCATION: NATIONAL COURTS AND OPPOSITION
DIVISION 2-193
PARALLEL JURISDICTION 2-194
LEGAL EFFECT IN MEMBER STATE WHERE
OPPOSITION DIVISION REVOKES EUROPEAN
PATENT 2-195
LEGAL EFFECT IN MEMBER STATE WHERE
OPPOSITION DIVISION REFUSES TO REVOKE
EUROPEAN PATENT 2-196
STAY OF NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS PENDING THE
OUTCOME OF OPPOSITION PROCEEDINGS 2-197
THE EPC, PCT AND EPO
INTRODUCTION 2-198
ROLES OF THE EPO
EPO AS A RECEIVING OFFICE 2-199
EPO AS AN ISA 2-200
EPO AS AN IPEA 2-201
EPO AS A DESIGNATED OR ELECTED OFFICE: THE
EURO-PCT ROUTE 2-202
EPO ACTING IN A COMBINATION OF ROLES 2-203
EUROPEAN UNION PATENT LEGISLATION
UNITARY PATENT
INTRODUCTION 2-204
FUNDAMENTALS OF THE UNITARY PATENT 2-207
LANGUAGES 2-209
AGREEMENT ON A UNIFIED PATENT COURT
INTRODUCTION 2-210
THE UPC 2-211
APPLICABLE LAW 2-212
JURISDICTION OF UPC TO INFRINGEMENT AND
VALIDITY PROCEEDINGS 2-213
PENDING AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS 2-214
EPO OPPOSITIONS AND UPC COURT 2-215
TERRITORIAL EFFECT OF DECISIONS OF THE
UPC 2-216
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE UPC COURT 2-217
INFRINGING ACTS 2-225
DEFENCES 2-226
CONTENTS XIX
REMEDIES 2-227
REVOCATION OF UNITARY OR EUROPEAN
PATENT 2-228
COSTS 2-229
LIMITATION PERIODS 2-230
TRANSITION REGIME FOR EUROPEAN PATENTS 2-231
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PATENT DIRECTIVE
INTRODUCTION 2-232
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS MUST BE
PROTECTED 2-233
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS AND PLANT AND
ANIMAL VARIETIES 2-234
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS, ORDRE PUBLIC AND
MORALITY 2-235
SCOPE OF PROTECTION OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL
PATENTS 2-237
EXCEPTIONS 2-238
COMPULSORY CROSS LICENSING 2-239
DEPOSIT OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL 2-240
PROPOSALS FOR A DIRECTIVE APPROXIMATING THE LAWS OF
THE MEMBER STATES IN RELATION TO UTILITY
MODELS 2-241
SUPPLEMENTARY PROTECTION FOR PATENTED
PHARMACEUTICAL AND PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS
INTRODUCTION 2-242
POLICY BEHIND SPCS 2-244
CONDITIONS FOR GRANT OF SPC 2-246
SCOPE OF THE SPC REGULATIONS 2-247
THE PRODUCT IS PROTECTED BY A BASIC PATENT IN
FORCE*ART.3(A) 2-249
A VALID AUTHORISATION TO PLACE THE PRODUCT ON
THE MARKET AS A MEDICINAL PRODUCT HAS BEEN
GRANTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIRECTIVE
2001/83 OR DIRECTIVE 2001/82: ART.3(B) 2-251
THE PRODUCT HAS NOT ALREADY BEEN THE SUBJECT
OF A CERTIFICATE*ART.3(C) 2-255
FIRST AUTHORISATION TO PLACE THE PRODUCT ON THE
MARKET IN THE EU*ART.3(D) 2-258
SUBJECT-MATTER AND SCOPE OF PROTECTION 2-259
DURATION OF PROTECTION 2-261
XX CONTENTS
ENTITLEMENT TO SPC 2-263
PROCEDURAL CONDITIONS 2*264
LICENCES AND SPC 2-265
EPC AND SPC REGULATION 2-266
EEA PATENT LEGISLATION 2*267
COMPARISON OF NATIONAL, PCT, EPC AND UNITARY
PATENT 2-268
3. TRADE MARKS IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION TO TRADE MARKS 3-001
STRUCTURE OF THIS CHAPTER 3-004
INTERNATIONAL TREATIES 3*005
PARIS CONVENTION 3-006
TRIPS 3-007
REGISTRABILITY 3-008
RIGHTS CONFERRED BY A MARK 3*014
TERM OF PROTECTION 3*018
REQUIREMENTS OF USE 3-019
UNJUSTIFIED REQUIREMENTS 3-020
LICENSING AND ASSIGNMENT 3-021
THE MADRID AGREEMENT 3-022
FUNDAMENTAL PROVISIONS OF THE MADRID
(STOCKHOLM) AGREEMENT 3-023
PROCEDURAL STEPS 3*024
THE MADRID PROTOCOL
INTRODUCTION 3-032
FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE MADRID
AGREEMENT AND THE PROTOCOL 3*033
THE TRADEMARK LAW TREATY 3*034
EUROPEAN UNION LAW
INTRODUCTION 3-035
FUNCTIONS OF A TRADE MARK
GUARANTEE OF TRADE ORIGIN 3*038
COMMUNICATION, ADVERTISING AND INVESTMENT
FUNCTIONS 3-046
SPECIFIC OBJECT/SUBJECT-MATTER OF A TRADE
MARK 3-054
CONTENTS XXI
THE TRADE MARK DIRECTIVE AND COMMUNITY TRADE
MARK REGULATION
INTRODUCTION 3-055
TMD AND ARTS 34-36 3-058
TRIPS AND THE TMD 3-061
MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL MEETING 3-062
SUBSTANTIVE PROVISIONS OF TMD AND CTMR 3-063
SIGNS OF WHICH A TRADE MARK MAY
CONSIST 3-064
ABSOLUTE GROUNDS FOR REFUSAL 3-075
DEVOID OF ANY DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER 3-078
MAY SERVE IN TRADE TO DESIGNATE CHARACTERISTIC
OF PRODUCTS OR SERVICES 3-090
SIGNS WHICH ARE CUSTOMARY IN TRADE OR BONA
FIDE ESTABLISHED PRACTICES 3-094
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER ACQUIRED THROUGH
USE 3-097
SHAPE MARKS 3-107
TRADE MARK CONTRARY TO PUBLIC POLICY OR TO
ACCEPTED PRINCIPLES OF MORALITY 3-116
INHERENTLY DECEPTIVE MARKS 3-119
HERALDIC SYMBOLS, FLAGS, ETC 3-122
USE OF MARK CONTRARY TO NATIONAL OR
COMMUNITY LAW 3-123
BAD FAITH 3-125
RELATIVE GROUNDS FOR REFUSAL 3-133
EARLIER TRADE MARKS 3-134
RELATIVE GROUNDS AND EFFECT ON FUNCTIONS OF
TRADE MARK 3-135
HYPOTHETICAL MARKETPLACE*CIRCUMSTANCES OF
NOTIONAL USE 3-137
DOUBLE IDENTITY OF MARKS AND
GOODS*ART.4(L)(A) 3-138
LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION: SIMILAR MARKS/SIMILAR
GOODS*ART.4(L)(B) 3-142
LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 3-147
UNFAIR ADVANTAGE OF/DETRIMENT TO DISTINCTIVE
CHARACTER OR REPUTE OF MARK 3-149
EARLIER REGISTERED MARKS MUST BE USED 3-173
XXII CONTENTS
EARLIER RIGHTS WHICH ARE NOT REGISTERED TRADE
MARKS 3-174
ACTS OF AGENTS 3-180
ACQUIESCENCE, CONSENT AND HONEST CONCURRENT
USAGE 3-182
CONSENT 3-183
ACQUIESCENCE 3-184
HONEST CONCURRENT USAGE 3-185
INFRINGEMENT 3-186
ADVERSELY AFFECTS ONE OR MORE FUNCTIONS OF A
TRADEMARK 3-190
WHAT IS THE SIGN? SHOULD ONE CONSIDER THE
CONTEXT OF USE OF THE SIGN? 3-194
WHO IS LIABLE FOR INFRINGING ACTS? 3-197
USE IN THE COURSE OF TRADE 3-201
IS USE "IN RELATION TO" GOODS OR SERVICES? USE
AS A TRADE MARK? 3-202
USE OF TRADE MARK TO REFER TO GOODS OR SERVICES
OF REGISTERED PROPRIETOR 3-205
COMPARATIVE ADVERTISEMENTS 3-206
WHAT TYPES OF USE INFRINGES? 3-218
WHERE DOES THE INFRINGING ACT OCCUR?*INTERNET
USE 3-219
DEFENCES TO INFRINGEMENT 3-220
ARTICLE 6 TMD/ART.12 CTMR DEFENCES 3-222
USE OF OWN NAME OR ADDRESS 3-223
USE TO INDICATE CHARACTERISTIC OF GOODS OR
SERVICES 3-224
USE IS NECESSARY TO INDICATE THE INTENDED
PURPOSE OF A PRODUCT OR SERVICE, I.E. SPARE
PARTS OR ACCESSORIES 3-225
USE IN ACCORDANCE WITH HONEST PRACTICES IN
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL MATTERS 3-227
LOCAL "PRIOR RIGHT" USE 3-228
HAS THE SIGN BEEN USED WITH THE CONSENT OF THE
PROPRIETOR? 3-229
IMPLIED CONSENT: GOODS FIRST PLACED ON THE
MARKET OUTSIDE THE EEA 3-230
CONTENTS XXIII
IMPLIED CONSENT: GOODS FIRST PLACED ON THE
MARKET INSIDE THE EEA BY A THIRD
PARTY 3-231
EXHAUSTION OF THE RIGHTS CONFERRED BY A TRADE MARK
INTRODUCTION 3-232
CONSENT AND EXHAUSTION*THE SAME
THING? 3-234
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 3-243
ABOLITION OF INTERNATIONAL EXHAUSTION OF RIGHTS
PRINCIPLE 3-246
CONSENT, TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS AND ART. 101
TFEU; SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS? 3-247
USE OF MARK BY RESELLERS IN ADVERTISEMENT AND
PROMOTIONS 3-248
REPACKAGING OF TRADE MARKED PRODUCTS 3-250
BURDEN OF PROOF IN EXHAUSTION AND REPACKAGING
CASES 3*264
INFRINGEMENT AND BREACH OF LICENCE 3-265
ACQUIESCENCE 3-267
GROUNDS FOR REVOCATION OF REGISTERED TRADE MARKS
NON-USE OF REGISTERED TRADE MARK 3-268
MARK HAS BECOME GENERIC 3-294
MARK LIABLE TO MISLEAD 3-298
GROUNDS FOR DECLARATION OF INVALIDITY OF REGISTERED
TRADE MARK 3-302
ASSIGNMENT OF TRADE MARKS 3-303
COLLECTIVE, GUARANTEE AND CERTIFICATION MARKS 3-304
TRADE MARK DIRECTIVE 3-305
COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS 3-306
PRACTICE, PROCEDURE AND REMEDIES 3-307
COMMUNITY TRADE MARK
INTRODUCTION 3-308
SUBSTANTIVE LAW OF COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS 3-310
SIGNS OF WHICH A COMMUNITY TRADE MARK MAY
COMPRISE 3-311
ABSOLUTE GROUNDS FOR REFUSAL 3-312
RELATIVE GROUNDS FOR REFUSAL 3-313
INFRINGEMENT OF A COMMUNITY TRADE MARK 3-314
DEFENCES TO A COMMUNITY TRADE MARK 3-315
XXIV CONTENTS
REVOCATION AND DECLARATION OF INVALIDITY OF A
COMMUNITY TRADE MARK 3-316
EXHAUSTION OF RIGHTS 3-317
DEALINGS IN COMMUNITY TRADE MARK 3-318
ASSIGNMENT 3-319
INSOLVENCY AND LEVY 3-320
LICENSING AND LICENSEES 3-321
FAILURE TO REGISTER ASSIGNMENTS, SECURITY OR
LICENCES 3-322
COLLECTIVE, GUARANTEE AND CERTIFICATION MARKS 3-323
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS AND
NATIONAL TRADE MARKS 3-324
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE 3-325
OUTLINE OF PROCEDURE 3-326
APPLICATION FOR A COMMUNITY TRADE
MARK 3-327
LANGUAGES 3-332
EXAMINATION 3-334
SEARCH REPORT 3-335
PUBLICATION 3-336
OPPOSITION 3-337
DIVISION OF AN APPLICATION OR REGISTRATION 3-340
DURATION AND RENEWAL OF A COMMUNITY TRADE
MARK 3-341
APPLICATIONS FOR REVOCATION OF A COMMUNITY
TRADE MARK 3-342
APPLICATIONS FOR DECLARATIONS OF
INVALIDITY 3-343
NO RES JUDICATA BETWEEN OPPOSITION AND
CANCELLATION DIVISIONS 3-344
GENERAL PROVISIONS AS TO CONDUCT OF PROCEEDINGS
BEFORE OHIM 3-345
NON-COMPLIANCE WITH TIME LIMITS, RESTITUTION AND
CONTINUATION OF PROCEEDINGS 3-346
CONVERSION OF A COMMUNITY TRADE MARK
REGISTRATION OR APPLICATION INTO A NATIONAL TRADE
MARK APPLICATION 3-347
ENFORCEMENT OF A COMMUNITY TRADE MARK IN
COMMUNITY TRADE MARK COURTS 3-349
LOCUS STANDI 3-350
CONTENTS XXV
INJUNCTIVE RELIEF. 3-351
PAN-EUROPEAN INJUNCTIVE RELIEF 3-352
DAMAGES AND OTHER FORMS OF RELIEF 3-353
JURISDICTION BETWEEN OHIM AND CTM COURTS 3-354
WHERE INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS MUST BE
BROUGHT 3-355
JURISDICTION CONCERNING REVOCATION OR
DECLARATIONS OF INVALIDITY 3-356
RELATED ACTIONS: PARALLEL INFRINGEMENT
PROCEEDINGS OF CTMS AND NATIONAL
MARKS 3-357
RELATED ACTIONS: INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS AND
INVALIDITY PROCEEDINGS IN OHIM OR OTHER
MEMBER STATES 3-358
APPEALS FROM COMMUNITY TRADE MARK COURTS 3-359
APPEALS FROM OHIM 3-360
INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATIONS AND COMMUNITY TRADE
MARKS 3-361
COMMUNITY TRADE MARK, NATIONAL TRADE MARKS AND
INTERNATIONAL TRADE MARK (THE MADRID AGREEMENT AND
ITS PROTOCOL) 3-362
PROTECTED DESIGNATIONS OF ORIGIN, PROTECTED
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND TRADITIONAL SPECIALITY
GUARANTEED
INTRODUCTION 3-363
REGULATION 1151/2012
INTRODUCTION 3-366
DEFINITION OF PDOS PGIS AND TSGS 3-367
GROUNDS FOR OBJECTION TO PDOS/PGIS 3-370
GENERIC NAMES 3-371
PLANT VARIETY AND ANIMAL BREEDS 3-372
HOMONYMS 3-373
TRADE MARKS OF REPUTATION OR RENOWN 3-374
RIGHTS AFFORDED BY A PDO OR PGI 3-375
INTERRELATIONSHIP OF THE LAW OF REGISTERED TRADE
MARKS AND PDOS AND PGIS 3-377
INTERRELATIONSHIP OF THE 2012 REGULATION AND
NATIONAL LEGISLATION RELATING TO GEOGRAPHICAL
NAMES 3-380
ENFORCEMENT OF PDOS AND PGIS 3-382
XXVI CONTENTS
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE FOR APPLYING FOR
PDOS/PGIS/TSGS 3-383
EEA LEGISLATION 3-385
4. COPYRIGHT IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION 4-001
INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION
THE BERNE CONVENTION 4-003
LITERARY AND ARTISTIC WORKS 4-004
QUALIFYING WORKS 4-005
PRINCIPLE OF NATIONAL TREATMENT 4-006
TERM OF PROTECTION 4-007
TRANSLATIONS 4-008
COLLECTIONS 4-009
CINEMATOGRAPHIC WORKS 4-010
EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS 4-011
MORAL RIGHTS 4-017
EXCEPTIONS AND THE "THREE-STEP" TEST 4-018
"DROIT DE SUITE" IN WORKS OF ART AND
MANUSCRIPTS 4-019
PRESUMPTION OF AUTHORSHIP AND INFRINGEMENT
PROCEEDINGS 4-020
RETROSPECTIVE EFFECT OF THE BERNE
CONVENTION 4*021
MINIMUM PROTECTION UNDER THE BERNE
CONVENTION 4-022
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 4-023
THE UNIVERSAL COPYRIGHT CONVENTION 4-024
THE ROME CONVENTION AND THE PHONOGRAMS
CONVENTION 4-025
PERFORMERS' RIGHTS 4-026
RIGHTS OF PRODUCERS OF PHONOGRAMS 4*027
EQUITABLE REMUNERATION FOR PERFORMERS AND
PHONOGRAM PRODUCERS 4-028
ROME CONVENTION AND PHONOGRAM
CONVENTIONS: DIFFERENCES 4-029
RIGHTS OF BROADCASTING ORGANISATIONS 4-030
DEFENCES 4-031
CONTENTS XXVII
THE TRIPS AGREEMENT 4-032
SUBSTANTIVE RIGHTS 4-033
DEFENCES AND EXCEPTIONS 4-036
THE WIPO COPYRIGHT TREATY AND THE WIPO
PERFORMANCES AND PHONOGRAMS TREATY 4-037
THE WCT 4-038
THEWPPT 4-039
THE BEIJING TREATY ON AUDIOVISUAL
PERFORMANCES 4-043
EUROPEAN LEGISLATION
INTRODUCTION 4-045
AUTHOR'S OWN INTELLECTUAL CREATION*TEST FOR
SUBSISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT 4-048
THE COMPUTER PROGRAMS DIRECTIVE
INTRODUCTION 4-049
HISTORY OF THE DIRECTIVE 4-050
PROTECTION OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS BY
COPYRIGHT 4-051
ORIGINALITY 4-055
AUTHORSHIP AND OWNERSHIP 4-056
INFRINGEMENT 4-057
EXHAUSTION OF RIGHTS 4-058
EXCEPTIONS TO EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS: GENERALLY 4-059
REMEDIES 4-068
TERM OF PROTECTION 4-069
MISCELLANEOUS 4-070
THE RENTAL RIGHT AND NEIGHBOURING RIGHTS
DIRECTIVE
INTRODUCTION 4-071
RENTAL AND LENDING RIGHTS: DEFINITIONS 4-074
EXHAUSTION OF RENTAL AND LENDING RIGHTS 4-075
OWNERSHIP OF RENTAL AND LENDING RIGHTS 4-076
CINEMATOGRAPHIC WORKS AND THE RENTAL
RIGHT 4-077
COMPULSORY LICENCE OF LENDING RIGHTS 4-078
DURATION OF RENTAL AND LENDING RIGHTS AND
MISCELLANEOUS 4-079
NEIGHBOURING RIGHTS 4-080
PERFORMERS'RIGHTS 4-081
PHONOGRAM RIGHTS 4-082
XXVIII CONTENTS
EQUITABLE REMUNERATION FOR PERFORMERS AND
PHONOGRAM PRODUCERS 4-083
CINEMATOGRAPHIC PRODUCERS' RIGHTS 4*085
BROADCASTING ORGANISATIONS' RIGHTS 4*086
LIMITATIONS TO THE RELATED RIGHTS 4-087
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS 4-088
IMPLEMENTATION 4-089
THE SATELLITE AND CABLE DIRECTIVE
INTRODUCTION 4-090
SATELLITE BROADCASTING 4-091
HARMONISATION OF NEIGHBOURING RIGHTS WITH
RESPECT TO SATELLITE BROADCASTING 4-093
CABLE RETRANSMISSION RIGHT 4-094
ABOLITION OF TERRITORIALLY LIMITED BROADCAST
LICENCES? 4-095
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIRECTIVE 4-096
THE TERM DIRECTIVE
INTRODUCTION 4-097
DURATION OF COPYRIGHT FOR LITERARY AND ARTISTIC
WORKS 4-101
DURATION OF COPYRIGHT FOR CINEMATOGRAPHIC OR
AUDIOVISUAL WORKS 4-102
DURATION OF NEIGHBOURING RIGHTS 4-103
DURATION IN UNPUBLISHED WORKS WHOSE
COPYRIGHT HAS EXPIRED 4-106
DURATION IN CRITICAL AND SCIENTIFIC
PUBLICATIONS 4-107
SUBSISTENCE AND DURATION OF COPYRIGHT IN
PHOTOGRAPHS 4-108
PROTECTION VIS-A-VIS THIRD COUNTRIES 4-109
CALCULATION OF TERMS 4-110
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS AND REVIVED
RIGHTS 4-111
DATE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TERM
DIRECTIVE 4-112
DATABASE DIRECTIVE
INTRODUCTION 4-113
DEFINITION OF A DATABASE 4-115
"AUTHORS" V "MAKERS" OF DATABASES 4-117
COPYRIGHT PROTECTION: ORIGINALITY 4-118
CONTENTS XXIX
COPYRIGHT PROTECTION: RESTRICTED ACTS 4-119
COPYRIGHT PROTECTION: DEFENCES 4-120
SUI GENERIS DATABASE RIGHT: SUBSTANTIAL
INVESTMENT 4*121
DATABASE RIGHT: THE RIGHT TO PREVENT EXTRACTION
AND/OR RE-UTILISATION 4-122
DATABASE RIGHT: DEFENCES 4-124
TERM OF PROTECTION: COPYRIGHT AND DATABASE
RIGHT 4-125
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS 4-126
IMPLEMENTATION 4-127
INFORMATION SOCIETY DIRECTIVE
INTRODUCTION 4-128
REPRODUCTION RIGHT 4-131
COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC 4-137
DISTRIBUTION RIGHT AND EXHAUSTION 4-141
THE EXCEPTIONS: TEMPORARY REPRODUCTION 4-142
THE COMPULSORY EXCEPTION: TRANSIENT,
TEMPORARY ELECTRONIC COPIES 4-143
THE OPTIONAL EXCEPTIONS: DEFENCES 4-147
COPY PROTECTION CIRCUMVENTION 4-150
INTERFERENCE WITH RIGHTS MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION 4-152
REMEDIES 4-153
IMPLEMENTATION 4-154
ARTIST'S RESALE RIGHT DIRECTIVE
INTRODUCTION 4-155
WORKS OF ART TO WHICH THE RESALE RIGHT
DIRECTIVE APPLIES 4-159
THE NATURE OF THE RIGHT 4-160
APPLICABLE RATES 4-162
TERM AND IMPLEMENTATION 4-163
ORPHAN WORKS
INTRODUCTION 4-164
WORKS TO WHICH THE DIRECTIVE APPLIES 4-165
DUTY OF DILIGENT SEARCH 4-166
THE PERMITTED USES 4-167
TERM AND IMPLEMENTATION 4-168
REVIEW 4-169
XXX CONTENTS
THE COLLECTIVE RIGHTS MANAGEMENT DIRECTIVE
INTRODUCTION 4-170
THE HISTORY OF THE DIRECTIVE 4-171
TO WHOM DOES THE COLLECTIVE RIGHTS
MANAGEMENT DIRECTIVE APPLY? 4-174
THE OBJECTIVES AND PROVISIONS OF THE COLLECTIVE
RIGHTS MANAGEMENT DIRECTIVE 4-175
EEA LEGISLATION 4-176
5. DESIGN PROTECTION IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION 5-001
PLAN OF CHAPTER 5-002
INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION
PARIS CONVENTION 5-003
BERNE CONVENTION 5-004
WTO AGREEMENT (GATT TRIPS) 5-005
THE HAGUE AGREEMENT
INTRODUCTION 5-007
PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM 5-008
EUROPEAN UNION LEGISLATION
INTRODUCTION 5-011
THE DESIGN DIRECTIVE 5-013
PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS 5-014
COMMUNITY DESIGN REGULATION 5-015
REGISTERED COMMUNITY DESIGN 5-016
UNREGISTERED COMMUNITY DESIGN 5-017
COMMON PROVISIONS UNDER THE DIRECTIVE/REGULATION
FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENTS 5-018
"DESIGN" WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE
DIRECTIVE/REGULATION 5-019
SUBSISTENCE OF COMMUNITY UNREGISTERED DESIGN
RIGHT 5-026
NOVELTY 5-028
INDIVIDUAL CHARACTER 5-031
PRIOR ART 5-040
PRIOR DESIGN PUBLISHED AFTER FILING/PRIORITY
DATE 5-050
THE TECHNICAL FUNCTION EXCLUSION 5-052
CONTENTS XXXI
"INTERFACE" EXCEPTION 5-057
MODULAR DESIGNS CLAWBACK 5-059
PUBLIC POLICY OR MORALITY 5-061
ENTITLEMENT TO APPLY FOR DESIGN 5-063
OTHER GROUNDS FOR REFUSAL/INVALIDITY 5-065
RIGHTS CONFERRED BY A REGISTERED DESIGN 5-070
RIGHTS CONFERRED BY AN UNREGISTERED
COMMUNITY DESIGN 5-072
SCOPE OF PROTECTION OF A COMMUNITY
DESIGN 5-074
EXCEPTED ACTS 5-082
PERIOD OF PROTECTION 5-083
SPARE PARTS 5-084
EXHAUSTION OF DESIGN RIGHT 5-087
PROVISIONS PECULIAR TO THE DIRECTIVE
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS 5-088
PROVISIONS PECULIAR TO THE REGULATION
DISPUTES OVER OWNERSHIP OF COMMUNITY
DESIGN 5-089
PRIOR USE DEFENCE 5-090
APPLICATION FOR A COMMUNITY DESIGN 5-091
DEALINGS IN AND LICENSING OF A COMMUNITY
DESIGN 5-092
JURISDICTION AND PROCEDURE IN LEGAL ACTIONS
RELATING TO COMMUNITY DESIGNS 5-093
JURISDICTION OF COMMUNITY DESIGN
COURTS 5-094
RELATED PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNITY DESIGN
COURTS AND OHIM 5-095
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER FORMS OF IPRS 5-096
NATIONAL DESIGN PROTECTION LAWS 5-097
COPYRIGHT 5-098
UTILITY MODELS 5-099
UNFAIR COMPETITION 5-100
SUI GENERIS UNREGISTERED DESIGN RIGHT LAWS 5-101
6. PLANT VARIETY RIGHTS IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A PLANT VARIETY? 6-001
BACKGROUND TO PLANT VARIETY RIGHTS 6-002
XXXII CONTENTS
CURRENT PLANT VARIETY LEGISLATION 6-003
PLANT VARIETIES, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PATENTS 6-004
THE TRIPS AGREEMENT 6-005
THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 6-006
THE UPOV CONVENTION
INTRODUCTION 6-008
THE 1991 ACT 6-009
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE 1991 ACT 6-010
EQUALITY OF TREATMENT 6-011
CUMULATIVE PROTECTION 6-012
PROTECTION OF PLANT GENERA AND SPECIES 6-013
CONDITIONS FOR PROTECTION FOR PLANT VARIETIES 6-014
EXAMINATION 6-015
VARIETY 6-016
NOVELTY 6-017
DISTINCTNESS 6-019
UNIFORMITY 6-020
STABILITY 6-021
SCOPE OF PLANT VARIETY RIGHTS 6*022
ESSENTIALLY DERIVED VARIETIES (EDVS) 6-024
EXHAUSTION OF THE PLANT VARIETY RIGHTS 6-025
PROCEDURE 6-026
MISCELLANEOUS 6-027
EU REGULATION ON PLANT RIGHTS
INTRODUCTION 6-028
DEFINITION OF "VARIETY" 6-030
REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 6-031
DISTINCTNESS 6-032
UNIFORMITY 6-033
STABILITY 6-034
NOVELTY 6-035
ENTITLEMENT TO CPVR 6-037
SCOPE AND EFFECT OF CPVR 6-038
ESSENTIALLY DERIVED VARIETIES 6-039
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 6-040
FARMERS' PRIVILEGE 6*041
COMPULSORY EXPLOITATION RIGHT 6*043
PUBLIC INTEREST 6-044
CONTENTS XXXIII
CPVR BLOCKING EXPLOITATION OF PATENT AND VICE
VERSA 6-045
EXHAUSTION OF CPVR 6-046
DURATION AND TERMINATION OF CPVR 6-048
APPLICATION FOR CPVR: PRACTICE AND
PROCEDURE 6-049
APPLICATIONS 6-050
VARIETY DENOMINATIONS 6-051
FEES 6-052
APPEAL 6-053
CONDITIONS GOVERNING PROCEEDINGS 6-054
PROHIBITION ON CUMULATIVE PROTECTION 6-055
INFRINGEMENT AND REMEDIES 6-056
LIMITATION PERIODS 6-057
DISPUTES ON ENTITLEMENT TO CPVR 6-058
JURISDICTION IN INFRINGEMENT OR ENTITLEMENT
DISPUTES 6-059
ENTITLEMENT TO SUE 6-061
VALIDITY OF CPVR IN NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS AND
STAYS 6-062
7. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS
INTRODUCTION 7-001
PLAN OF CHAPTER 7-005
FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS*TFEU PROVISIONS 7-006
ARTICLES 34-36 AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 7-009
DEUTSCHE GRAMMOPHON 7-010
CENTRAFARM V STERLING & WINTHROP 7-011
KING, QUEEN AND KNAVE 7-012
EXISTENCE V EXERCISE 7-013
SPECIFIC SUBJECT-MATTER 7-015
CONSENT/EXHAUSTION 7-020
SPECIFIC SUBJECT-MATTER AND THE DOCTRINE OF
CONSENT 7-021
FURTHER PRINCIPLES APPLICABLE TO ARTS 34-36 7-023
ATTAINMENT OF A SINGLE MARKET 7-024
SCOPE AND NATURE OF PROTECTION IS A MATTER OF
NATIONAL LAW 7-025
ARTICLE 36(2) AND EXERCISE OF RIGHTS 7-035
XXXIV CONTENTS
EUROPEAN UNION SECONDARY LEGISLATION AND ARTS
34-36 7-037
IMPORTS FROM OUTSIDE THE EU 7-041
CANNOT LIMIT CONSENT TO ONE MEMBER
STATE 7-043
APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF EXHAUSTION OF
RIGHTS 7-044
BURDEN AND STANDARD OF PROOF AND EXHAUSTION OF
RIGHTS 7-045
BURDEN OF PROOF IN EXHAUSTION CASES 7-046
STANDARD OF PROOF IN EXHAUSTION CASES 7-048
IPR PRODUCTS MARKETED IN THE EEA BY LICENSEES,
ECONOMICALLY-LINKED PERSONS AND ASSIGNEES 7-050
LICENSEES 7-054
ECONOMICALLY-LINKED PARTIES 7-055
ASSIGNEES 7-056
WHEN AND WHERE IS A PRODUCT FIRST PLACED ON THE
MARKET? 7-061
IN WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES IS A PRODUCT PUT ON THE
MARKET? 7-062
GOODS IN TRANSIT THROUGH THE EUROPEAN
UNION 7-064
WHERE IS A PRODUCT FIRST PLACED ON THE
MARKET? 7-066
GOODS MARKETING IN MEMBER STATE WHERE THERE IS
NO IPR PROTECTION 7-067
CONSTRUCTIVE CONSENT AND COMPULSORY
LICENCES 7-071
INTERNATIONAL OR EU-WIDE EXHAUSTION OF RIGHTS
PRINCIPLE? 7-073
INDIVIDUAL TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 7-074
TRADE MARKS 7-075
COMMON ORIGIN AND TRADE MARKS 7-076
ASSIGNMENTS OF A TRADE MARK 7-081
ADDITIONAL DISTINGUISHING MATTER 7-083
PATENTS
ROLE OF PATENTS 7-084
SPECIFIC SUBJECT-MATTER 7-085
COPYRIGHT AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
INTRODUCTION 7-086
CONTENTS XXXV
COPYRIGHT MATERIALISED IN GOODS 7-087
BROADCAST, PERFORMANCE AND COMMUNICATION TO
THE PUBLIC COPYRIGHT 7-091
COPYRIGHT IN WORKS FOR HIRE OR RENT 7-095
EXHAUSTION OF REPRODUCTION RIGHTS DOES NOT
EXHAUST PERFORMANCE AND RENTAL RIGHTS 7-096
CONSUMER PROTECTION AND UNFAIR COMPETITION LAWS
INTRODUCTION 7-099
THE "DASSONVILLE" PRINCIPLE 7-101
THE "CASSIS DE DIJON" PRINCIPLE AND
EXCEPTIONS 7-102
APPLICATION OF THE "DASSONVILLE" PRINCIPLE 7-103
CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AGAINST KARL
PRANTL 7-104
THEODORE KOHL AG V RINGELHAN & RENNETT
SA 7-105
CRIMINAL PROCEEDING AGAINST KECK AND
MITHOUARD 7-106
MODERN APPROACH 7-107
APPLICATION OF THE "CASSIS DE DIJON"
EXCEPTIONS 7-109
ANCILLARY PRINCIPLES 7-110
EXHAUSTION AND UNFAIR COMPETITION 7-111
UNFAIR COMPETITION LAWS AND GIO LEGISLATION: ARTS
34 OR 36? 7-112
ARTICLE 101, ASSIGNMENTS AND TRADE MARKS 7-117
SIRENAVEDA 7-118
FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS COUNTRIES 7-121
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS FOR ACCEDING STATES 7-123
THE EEAAND FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS 7-125
EEA EXHAUSTION AND GOODS "ORIGINATING" OUTSIDE
THEEEA 7-128
INTERNATIONAL EXHAUSTION OF RIGHTS PRINCIPLE 7-129
EEA EXHAUSTION AND UNITARY EU RIGHTS 7-130
XXXVI CONTENTS
8. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND ARTICLE 101
INTRODUCTION 8-001
STRUCTURE OF THIS CHAPTER 8-004
COMPETITION LAW AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: PRINCIPLES
INTRODUCTION 8-005
THE COMPETITION LAW "TOOLBOX" 8-009
INTER-BRAND AND INTRA-BRAND COMPETITION 8-010
INTER-TECHNOLOGY AND INTRA-TECHNOLOGY
COMPETITION 8-011
VARIABLES OF COMPETITION-PRICE, QUALITY, SERVICE,
ETC 8-012
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL RELATIONSHIPS 8-013
RELEVANT MARKET 8-014
TECHNOLOGY MARKET 8-015
INNOVATION MARKET 8-016
SNIP/SSNIP 8-017
ELASTICITY OF DEMAND 8-018
SUPPLY-SIDE SUBSTITUTABILITY 8-019
BARRIERS TO ENTRY 8-020
"RULE OF REASON" APPROACH 8-021
ANCILLARY RESTRAINTS 8-022
FORECLOSURE 8-023
SUNK COSTS 8-024
RAMSEY PRICING 8-025
EX POST/EX ANTE 8-026
GATEWAY IPRS 8-027
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LICENCES AND COMPETITION
INTRODUCTION 8-028
PERMISSIVE CLAUSES 8-029
RESTRICTIVE CLAUSES 8-030
DOWNSTREAM CLAUSES 8-031
UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN APPROACH 8-032
ARTICLE 101 8-036
AGREEMENT, DECISIONS AND CONCERTED PRACTICES 8-037
CONCERTED PRACTICES 8-038
UNILATERAL CONDUCT AND LICENCES 8-039
UNDERTAKINGS 8-041
EFFECT ON TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES 8-043
APPRECIABLE EFFECT 8-047
CONTENTS XXXVII
JURISDICTIONAL ASPECTS OF ART.101 8-053
OBJECT OR EFFECT: THE PREVENTION, RESTRICTION OR
DISTORTION OF COMPETITION WITHIN THE EUROPEAN
UNION 8-054
OBJECT OF AGREEMENT IS ANTI-COMPETITIVE 8-055
EFFECT OF AGREEMENT IS ANTI-COMPETITIVE 8-056
VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL AGREEMENTS 8-058
INTER-BRAND AND INTRA-BRAND COMPETITION 8-059
NEED TO ATTAIN A SINGLE MARKET 8-060
CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF AGREEMENTS 8-061
TYPES OF COMPETITION 8-062
ARTICLE 101(2)*EFFECT OF FINDING THAT AGREEMENT
FALLS WITHIN ART. 101(1) 8-063
ARTICLE 101(3) AND EXEMPTION 8-064
ARTICLE 101(1) AND LICENCES 8-066
NO LIMITED LICENCE APPROACH 8-067
CJEU'S APPROACH TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
LICENSING 8-068
NUNGESSER 8-069
CODITELNO.2 8-072
LOUIS ERAUW-JACQUERY (PLANT BREEDERS) 8-075
PRONUPTIA 8-076
ARTICLE 101 AND SPECIFIC SUBJECT-MATTER 8-079
WINDSURFING 8-080
PLANT BREEDER'S RIGHTS 8-087
BLOCK EXEMPTIONS 8-088
INDIVIDUAL CLAUSES IN IP LICENCES
INTRODUCTION 8-090
EXCLUSIVITY AND SOLE LICENCES 8-092
EUROPEAN COURT 8-093
COMMISSION 8-095
UNITED STATES APPROACH 8-098
ASSIGNMENT AND EXCLUSIVE LICENCES 8-099
TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS 8^101
EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE 8-102
COMMISSION 8-103
UNITED STATES APPROACH 8-105
DURATION OF LICENCE 8-106
COURT OF JUSTICE 8-107
XXXVIII CONTENTS
COMMISSION 8-108
ROYALTIES 8-109
EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE 8-110
COMMISSION 8-113
UNITED STATES APPROACH 8-118
FIELD-OF-USE 8-119
COMMISSION 8-120
UNITED STATES APPROACH 8-121
OUTPUT RESTRICTIONS 8-122
COMMISSION 8*123
UNITED STATES APPROACH 8-125
TIE-IN AND BUNDLING CLAUSES 8-126
COMMISSION 8-127
UNITED STATES APPROACH 8-129
RESALE PRICE MAINTENANCE
COMMISSION 8-130
DOWNSTREAM SALES RESTRICTIONS 8-131
CJEU 8-132
COMMISSION 8-133
UNITED STATES APPROACH 8-134
GRANTBACK CLAUSES 8-135
COMMISSION 8-136
UNITED STATES APPROACH 8-138
NON-COMPETE CLAUSES 8-139
COMMISSION 8-140
UNITED STATES 8-144
CAPTIVE USE RESTRICTIONS 8-145
COMMISSION 8-146
MISCELLANEOUS CLAUSES 8-147
COMMISSION 8-148
NO CHALLENGE CLAUSES 8-150
EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE 8-151
COMMISSION 8*154
NO-CHALLENGE CLAUSES IN SETTLEMENT
AGREEMENTS 8-157
UNITED STATES APPROACH 8-158
LITIGATION SETTLEMENT AGREEMENTS
INTRODUCTION 8-159
DECISIONS OF CJEU 8-160
ENGLISH CASES 8-164
CONTENTS XXXIX
2014 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER GUIDELINES AND PAY FOR
DELAY 8-167
NO CHALLENGE CLAUSES IN LITIGATION SETTLEMENT 8-169
HISTORICAL DECISIONS OF THE COMMISSION 8-170
UNITED STATES APPROACH 8-172
SUMMARY 8-174
NATIONAL COLLECTING SOCIETIES AND AGREEMENTS 8-175
CUSTOM PRESSING: RE GEMA (COMMISSION) 8-177
REFUSAL BY COPYRIGHT-MANAGEMENT SOCIETY TO GRANT
ACCESS TO ITS REPERTOIRE TO USER ESTABLISHED IN
ANOTHER MEMBER STATE: MINISTERE PUBLIC V
TOURNIER AND LUCAZEAU V SACEM (CJEU) 8-178
COLLECTING SOCIETIES AND SINGLE-STATE LICENCES:
CISAC 8-179
SUB-CONTRACTING AGREEMENTS 8-180
MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS INVOLVING IPRS 8-182
EXERCISE OF IPRS CONTRARY TO ART.101 8-183
EXERCISE OF IPRS TO ENFORCE AN ANTI-COMPETITIVE
AGREEMENT 8-184
EXERCISE OF RIGHTS TO COMPEL THE DEFENDANT TO ENTER
INTO AN AGREEMENT CONTRARY TO ART.101 8-186
9. IP AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER LICENCES
INTRODUCTION 9-001
STRUCTURE OF CHAPTER 9-002
2014 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER GUIDELINES
OVERVIEW 9-003
LICENCES COVERED BY 2014 GUIDELINES 9-004
PRINCIPLES TO BE APPLIED TO TECHNOLOGY
LICENCES 9-005
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BLOCK EXEMPTION
INTRODUCTION 9-006
CHANGES TO THE 2004 TTBE 9-007
SPHERE OF APPLICATION OF TTBE 9-008
RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER BLOCK EXEMPTIONS 9-009
MARKET POWER 9-010
RELEVANT TECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCT MARKET 9-011
CALCULATION OF MARKET SHARES 9-012
XL CONTENTS
COMPETITORS OR NON-COMPETITORS 9-013
EXEMPTION 9-014
HARD CORE RESTRICTIONS 9-015
HARD CORE RESTRICTIONS FOR COMPETING
UNDERTAKINGS 9-016
HARD CORE RESTRICTIONS FOR NON-COMPETING
UNDERTAKINGS 9-020
EXCLUDED RESTRICTIONS 9-025
EXCLUSIVE GRANTBACKS 9-026
NO CHALLENGE CLAUSE 9-027
RESTRICTION ON LICENSEE EXPLOITING THEIR OWN
TECHNOLOGY AND DOING R&D 9-028
WITHDRAWAL IN INDIVIDUAL CASES 9-029
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS 9-030
INDIVIDUAL CLAUSES IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
LICENCES 9-031
10. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND HORIZONTAL AGREEMENTS
INTRODUCTION 10-001
HORIZONTAL CO-OPERATION AGREEMENTS 10-003
CONCENTRATIVE JOINT VENTURE? 10-005
CO-OPERATIVE HCAS AND ART. 101
GENERAL APPROACH TAKEN BY THE COMMISSION 10-006
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS 10-007
IPR LICENSING PROVISIONS IN R&D
AGREEMENTS 10-010
LICENSING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENT UNDERTAKINGS
AND JVC 10-011
PAYMENT OF ROYALTIES BETWEEN PARTICIPATING
UNDERTAKINGS IN A JOINT VENTURE 10-012
RESTRICTIONS ON LICENSING OF THIRD PARTIES 10-013
COMMISSION DECISIONS 10-014
BEECHAM/PARKE-DAVIS 10-015
BAYER/GIST-BROCADES 10-016
ICI/ENICHEM 10-017
ALCATEL ESPACE/ANT 10-018
SOPELEM/VICKERS 10-019
ODIN 10-020
CONTENTS XLI
CONTINENTAL/MICHELIN 10-021
BBC/BROWN BOVERI 10-022
ASAHI/SAINT GOBAIN 10-023
EXAMPLES IN GUIDELINES 10-024
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BLOCK EXEMPTION
INTRODUCTION 10-028
R&D AGREEMENTS 10-030
SCOPE OF R&D BLOCK EXEMPTION 10-031
CONDITIONS FOR EXEMPTION 10-032
NON-COMPETING UNDERTAKINGS 10-033
COMPETING UNDERTAKINGS 10-034
NON-PAID FOR R&D AGREEMENTS 10-035
PAID-FOR R&D AGREEMENTS 10-036
HARD CORE RESTRICTIONS 10-037
NON-COMPETE OUTSIDE JV TECHNOLOGICAL
FIELD 10-038
LIMITATION OF OUTPUT OR SALES 10-039
FIXING OF PRICES 10-040
TERRITORIAL OR CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS 10-041
ATTEMPTS TO INTERFERE WITH PARALLEL
IMPORTS 10-042
EXCLUDED RESTRICTIONS 10-043
NO CHALLENGE 10-044
BAN ON LICENSING THIRD PARTIES WHERE R&D
RESULTS NOT WORKED 10-045
PRODUCTION VENTURES 10-046
COMMISSION DECISIONS: PRODUCTION JVS 10-047
MITCHELL COTTS/SOFILTRA 10-048
OPTICAL FIBRES 10-049
SPECIALISATION BLOCK EXEMPTION 10-050
STANDARDISATION AGREEMENTS 10-051
SAFE HARBOUR 10-052
PATENT DISCLOSURE 10-053
PATENT POOLS
INTRODUCTION 10-054
GUIDELINES AND BLOCK EXEMPTIONS 10-056
2014 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER GUIDELINES 10-057
SAFE HARBOUR 10-058
XLII CONTENTS
COMMISSION DECISIONS: PATENT POOLS 10-059
UNITED STATES APPROACH 10-061
11. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, VERTICAL AGREEMENTS
INTRODUCTION 11-001
BUSINESS FORMAT FRANCHISE 11-002
FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF BUSINESS FORMAT
FRANCHISES 11-003
FRANCHISES AND OTHER DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS 11-004
FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS AND TRADE MARK
LICENCES 11-005
FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS AND KNOW-HOW
LICENCES 11-006
EUROPEAN UNION LAW AND FRANCHISES
PRONUPTIA V SCHILLGALIS 11-007
FACTS 11-008
COURT'S JUDGMENT 11-009
EXEMPTION: COMMISSION'S DECISIONS
POST-PRONUPTIA 11-010
YVES ROCHER: "BUSINESS FORMAT" GOODS
FRANCHISE 11-011
SERVICEMASTER: "BUSINESS FORMAT" SERVICE
FRANCHISE 11-012
FRANCHISES: SPECIAL TYPE OF VERTICAL AGREEMENT 11-013
THE VERTICAL AGREEMENTS BLOCK EXEMPTION
INTRODUCTION 11*016
DEFINITION OF VERTICAL AGREEMENTS 11*017
APPLICATION OF VABE 11-018
MARKET SHARE 11-019
COMPETING AND NON-COMPETING UNDERTAKINGS 11-020
IPR PROVISIONS MUST BE ANCILLARY TO DISTRIBUTION OR
SUPPLY OF GOODS OR SERVICES 11*021
TRADEMARK 11-023
COPYRIGHT 11-024
KNOW-HOW 11-025
HARD CORE PROVISIONS 11-026
BLACKLISTED OBJECTS 11-027
RESALE PRICE MAINTENANCE 11-028
TERRITORIAL AND CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS 11-029
CONTENTS XLIII
PASSIVE, ACTIVE AND INTERNET SELLING BANS 11-030
RESTRICTION ON WHOLESALERS SELLING TO
END-USERS 11-032
SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS AND INTERNET
SELLING 11-033
OTHER HARD CORE RESTRICTIONS 11-035
EXCLUDED RESTRICTIONS 11-036
NON-COMPETE COVENANTS 11-037
POST-TERMINATION NON-COMPETE COVENANTS 11-038
WITHDRAWAL OF BLOCK EXEMPTION 11-039
GUIDELINES 11-040
12. ABUSE OF A DOMINANT POSITION
INTRODUCTION 12-001
IPR AND DOMINANT POSITION 12-002
BALANCING ACT OF TWO PRINCIPLES 12-003
IPR AND ABUSE OF A DOMINANT POSITION: THREE
SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT 12-005
TRIPS, INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND ABUSE 12-007
EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 12-010
NEED FOR A UNIFYING ECONOMIC APPROACH? 12-011
PLAN OF CHAPTER 12-013
ARTICLE 102 12-014
DOMINANT POSITION
MARKET DEFINITION 12-015
RELEVANT MARKET 12-016
PRODUCT INTERCHANGEABILITY 12-017
RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET AND SPARE PARTS 12-019
RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKETS AND LEGAL
MONOPOLIES 12-020
RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET AND RAW MATERIALS 12-021
SUPPLY SUBSTITUTION 12-022
BARRIERS TO ENTRY 12-023
SUPPLY-SIDE SUBSTITUTABILITY AND DEMAND
SUBSTITUTABILITY 12-024
POTENTIAL COMPETITION 12-025
EVIDENCE TO DEFINE RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET 12-026
RELEVANT GEOGRAPHIC MARKET 12-027
XLIV CONTENTS
DETERMINATION OF RELEVANT GEOGRAPHIC MARKET 12-028
EVIDENCE FOR DEFINING RELEVANT GEOGRAPHIC
MARKET 12-029
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND RELEVANT MARKET 12-030
RELEVANT MARKET AND LICENCES 12-031
COLLECTING SOCIETIES 12-032
DOMINANT POSITION IN RELEVANT MARKET 12-033
MARKET SHARES 12-034
BARRIERS TO ENTRY 12-036
CAPITAL INVESTMENT 12-037
ECONOMIES OF SCALE 12-038
TECHNOLOGICAL LEAD 12-039
DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS 12-040
MARKETING BARRIERS TO ENTRY 12-041
MARKET SATURATION 12-042
LEGAL MONOPOLIES 12-043
BEHAVIOUR SUGGESTING DOMINANCE 12-044
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND DOMINANT POSITION 12-045
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, LICENSEES AND MARKET
SHARE 12-046
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AS BARRIERS TO ENTRY 12-047
SPARE PARTS AND DESIGN RIGHTS 12-048
TRADEMARKS 12-049
TECHNOLOGICAL LEAD AND PATENT/KNOW-HOW
RIGHTS 12-050
ABUSE 12-051
MERGER/ACQUISITION 12-054
UNFAIR PRICES 12-055
REFUSAL TO SUPPLY 12-056
RESALE RESTRICTIONS 12-057
TYING-IN ARRANGEMENTS 12-058
LOYALTY REBATES 12-059
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND ABUSE UNDER ART. 102
INTRODUCTION 12-060
INTERNATIONAL IP TREATIES AND ABUSE UNDER
ART. 102 12-062
EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 12-064
LEVERAGING 12-070
ESSENTIAL FACILITIES
INTRODUCTION 12-077
CONTENTS XLV
EUROPEAN UNION 12-080
IPR AND ESSENTIAL FACILITIES 12-082
ARTICLE 102 AND DEFENCES UNDER EU IP
LEGISLATION 12-092
TECHNOLOGICAL STANDARDS, FRAND LICENSING
AND PATENT AMBUSH 12-093
ESSENTIAL FACILITIES: UNITED KINGDOM 12-098
ESSENTIAL FACILITY: FRANCE 12-106
ESSENTIAL FACILITY: GERMANY 12-107
ESSENTIAL FACILITIES: SUMMARY 12-109
COLLATERAL ABUSIVE CONDUCT AND EXERCISE OF
IPRS 12-110
UNFAIR PRICES 12-111
DISCRIMINATORY PRICING 12-116
ABUSIVE PRICING AND REFUSAL TO SUPPLY 12-117
UNFAIR/DISCRIMINATORY ROYALTIES 12-118
REFUSAL TO SUPPLY 12-120
ACQUISITION OF IPRS AND LICENCES ANCILLARY TO
MERGERS 12-122
DEFENSIVE REGISTRATION OF TRADE MARK 12-123
IMPOSITION OF UNDULY ONEROUS CLAUSES IN
AGREEMENTS 12-124
THREATS AND CONDUCT OF INFRINGEMENT
PROCEEDINGS 12-125
REFUSAL TO LICENSE SAVE ON UNREASONABLE
TERMS 12-126
TYING 12-127
IMPROPER CONDUCT IN APPLICATIONS FOR
IPRS 12-128
REMEDIES FOR ABUSE 12-129
WHICH AFFECTS TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES? 12-132
SUBSTANTIAL PART OF THE INTERNAL MARKET 12-134
ONE OR MORE UNDERTAKINGS 12-135
XLVI CONTENTS
13. ENFORCEMENT OF COMPETITION LAW IN THE EUROPEAN
UNION
INTRODUCTION 13-001
DG COMPETITION 13-002
NATIONAL COMPETITION AUTHORITIES (NCAS) 13-003
NATIONAL COURTS 13-004
MODERNISATION REGULATION 13-005
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTS 101 AND 102 AND
NATIONAL COMPETITION LAWS 13-006
RELATION BETWEEN NCAS, EUROPEAN COMMISSION AND
NATIONAL COURTS 13-008
NATIONAL COURTS 13-009
NCAS 13-010
ENFORCEMENT OF ARTS 101 AND 102 BY THE EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
INVESTIGATIVE POWERS 13-011
INTERIM REMEDIES 13-012
FINAL REMEDIES 13-013
LIMITATION PERIODS 13-014
PROFESSIONAL SECRECY 13-015
LEGAL PRIVILEGE 13-016
PRIVILEGE OF SELF-INCRIMINATION 13-017
ARTICLE 6(1) OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON
HUMAN RIGHTS 13-018
HEARINGS AND RIGHTS OF DEFENCE 13-019
COMPLAINTS 13-021
JUDICIAL REVIEW OF THE COMMISSION 13-024
ENFORCEMENT OF ARTS 101 AND 102 BY NATIONAL
COMPETITION AUTHORITIES 13-025
ENFORCEMENT OF ARTS 101 AND 102 BY NATIONAL
COURTS 13-026
ENGLISH LAW 13-027
PARALLEL PROCEEDINGS: COURTS AND EC
COMMISSION 13-028
COURTS V COMMISSION 13-029
DEFENCES UNDER ARTS 101 AND 102 13-030
CONTENTS XLVII
ENFORCEMENT OF COMPETITION LAW UNDER THE EEA
AGREEMENT
INTRODUCTION 13-031
PROCEDURAL RULES OF THE ESA 13-032
CO-OPERATION BETWEEN THE EU COMMISSION AND THE
ESA 13-033
14. EURO-DEFENCES IN IP ACTIONS
INTRODUCTION 14-001
NEXUS 14-003
ARTICLES 101 AND 102 14-005
EFFECT OF FINDING THAT AN AGREEMENT IS CONTRARY TO
ART. 101 14-006
EXERCISE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS CONTRARY TO
ART. 101: NEXUS
INTRODUCTION 14-008
AGREEMENT BETWEEN UNDERTAKINGS TO BRING
PROCEEDINGS TO ENFORCE IPR ACTIONS 14-011
EXERCISE OF RIGHTS AS THE PURPOSE, MEANS OR
CONSEQUENCE OF ENFORCING AN AGREEMENT
CONTRARY TO ART.101 14-012
EXERCISE OF RIGHTS TO COMPEL A DEFENDANT TO
ENTER INTO AGREEMENT CONTRARY TO
ART.101 14-013
ARTICLE 101 AS A DEFENCE IN BROADCASTING AND
TELEVISION CASES 14-014
EXERCISE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS CONTRARY
TO ART.102: NEXUS 14-016
NEXUS: SUMMARY 14-019
EXERCISE OF IPRS IS CONTRARY TO ARTS 34-36 14-020
ABUS DE DROIT 14-022
HUMAN RIGHTS 14-025
E-COMMERCE DIRECTIVE 14-027
MERE CONDUIT AND CACHING 14-028
HOSTING 14-030
PLEADINGS WHERE A EURO-DEFENCE UNDER ARTS 101 AND 102
ARE RAISED 14*034
XLVIII CONTENTS
15. ENFORCEMENT OF IPRS AND BORDER CONTROLS
INTRODUCTION 15-001
HARMONISATION OF PROCEDURES AND REMEDIES RELATING TO
ENFORCEMENT OF IPRS 15-002
GENERAL OBLIGATIONS 15-003
PROCEEDINGS 15-004
EVIDENCE 15-005
INTERIM PRESERVATION ORDERS 15-006
RIGHT OF INFORMATION 15-009
DISCLOSURE OF NAMES AND ADDRESSES FOR PURPOSE
OF BRINGING IP PROCEEDINGS 15-010
FINAL REMEDIES 15-011
INJUNCTIONS 15-012
WEBSITE BLOCKING INJUNCTIONS 15-013
DAMAGES 15-016
COSTS 15-017
PUBLICATION OF JUDGMENTS 15-018
DESTRUCTION OR DELIVERY UP 15-019
BORDER CONTROLS
INTRODUCTION 15-020
OVERVIEW OF THE CUSTOMS REGULATION 15-021
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS COVERED BY THE
CUSTOMS REGULATION 15-023
GOODS COVERED BY THE CUSTOMS REGULATION 15-024
GOODS IN TRANSIT 15-025
APPLICATION TO CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES BY IPRS
OWNER 15-026
MONITORING AND SEIZURE OF GOODS SUSPECTED OF
INFRINGING IPRS 15-027
DESTRUCTION OR FORFEITURE OF GOODS 15-029
SMALL CONSIGNMENTS 15-030
LIABILITY OF CUSTOMS 15-031
16. JURISDICTION AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
INTRODUCTION 16-001
BRUSSELS CONVENTION 16-002
2001 REGULATION 16-003
2015 REGULATION 16-004
LUGANO CONVENTION 16-005
CONTENTS XLIX
JURISDICTION AND CHOICE OF LAW 16-006
STRUCTURE OF THIS CHAPTER 16-007
THE 2001 AND 2015 REGULATIONS
INTRODUCTION 16-008
THE BRUSSELS CONVENTION, THE JURISDICTION
REGULATIONS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION 16-010
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE 2001 AND 2015
REGULATIONS 16-011
CERTAINTY 16-012
AUTONOMOUS INTERPRETATION 16-013
TRUST IN LEGAL SYSTEMS OF OTHER MEMBER
STATES 16-014
EXCEPTIONS ARE CONSTRUED RESTRICTIVELY 16-015
THE GOLDEN RULES 16-016
2015 REGULATION 16-017
DOMICILE OF THE DEFENDANT: FUNDAMENTAL RULE 16-018
INFRINGEMENT OCCURRED IN ANOTHER MEMBER
STATE 16-019
INFRINGEMENT OCCURRED IN A NON-MEMBER
STATE 16-020
SUPPLEMENTAL JURISDICTIONAL RULES
INTRODUCTION 16-021
2015 REGULATION 16-022
PLACE WHERE HARMFUL EVENT
OCCURRED*ART.5(3) 16-023
IPR INFRINGEMENT 16-027
ARTICLE 5(3) AND THE INTERNET 16-029
"CENTRE OF INTERESTS" 16-030
"PLACE OF ESTABLISHMENT OF ADVERTISER" 16-031
SUMMARY 16-033
CO-DEFENDANTS/ART.6(L) 16-035
CO-DEFENDANTS AND PARALLEL INFRINGEMENT
ACTIONS 16-036
WRITTEN JURISDICTION AGREEMENTS 16-040
2015 REGULATION 16-042
EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION: PROCEEDINGS CONCERNING THE
VALIDITY OF REGISTERED IPRS
INTRODUCTION 16-043
AUTONOMOUS INTERPRETATION AND RATIONALE FOR
ART.22(4) 16-046
CONTENTS
WIDE OR NARROW INTERPRETATION OF ART.22(4)?
VALIDITY IN ISSUE 16-047
COMMUNITY INSTRUMENT 16-050
EUROPEAN PATENT CONVENTION 16-051
UNREGISTERED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 16-052
IPR IS REGISTERED IN A NON-MEMBER STATE 16-053
INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS WHERE VALIDITY IS IN
ISSUE 16-055
2015 REGULATION 16-059
COUNTERCLAIM FOR REVOCATION 16-060
PROVISIONAL AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES*ART. 31 16-061
INTERIM MEASURES BY COURT OF MEMBER STATE
SEIZED WITH SUBSTANTIVE DISPUTE 16-062
NATURE OF REMEDIES 16-063
MEANING OF PROVISIONAL OR PROTECTIVE
MEASURES 16-064
JURISDICTION UNDER ART. 31 IS DEPENDENT ON THE
SUBJECT-MATTER OF THE UNDERLYING CLAIM 16-065
CONNECTING LINK AND EXTRATERRITORIAL INTERIM
INJUNCTIONS 16-066
INTERIM MEASURES IN IP INFRINGEMENT CASES
WHERE DEFENCE OF VALIDITY RAISED 16-068
CAN NATIONAL EXORBITANT RULES OF JURISDICTION BE
RELIED UPON WHEN SEEKING PROVISIONAL OR
PROTECTIVE MEASURES? 16-069
IS ART.31 APPLICABLE WHERE THE DEFENDANT IS NOT
DOMICILED IN A MEMBER STATE? 16-070
SUBSTANTIVE ACTION NOT IN A MEMBER
STATE 16-071
2015 REGULATION 16-072
LIS ALIBI PENDENS 16*073
SAME CAUSE OF ACTION? 16-075
MEANING OF "COURT FIRST SEIZED" 16-076
MEANING OF "IRRECONCILABLE JUDGMENTS" IN
ART.28 16-077
MEANING OF "SAME PARTY"? 16-078
LIS ALIBI PENDENS WHERE COURT OF NON-MEMBER
STATE FIRST SEIZED OF ACTION 16-079
CLAIMS FOR INFRINGEMENT AND REVOCATION IN
DIFFERENT MEMBER STATES 16-080
CONTENTS LI
ACTIONS FOR INFRINGEMENT OF PARALLEL RIGHTS:
RELATED ACTIONS? 16-082
2015 REGULATION 16-083
SPECIAL JURISDICTIONAL RULES: ARTS 67 AND 71 16-084
EUROPEAN PATENT CONVENTION 16-085
UNITARY PATENT 16-087A
TRIPS AND PARIS CONVENTION 16-088
COMMUNITY AND DESIGN REGULATIONS 16-089
COMMUNITY PLANT VARIETY RIGHT 16-097
THE JURISDICTION REGULATIONS*JURISDICTIONAL DISPUTE
BETWEEN COURTS OF A MEMBER STATE AND A
NON-MEMBER STATE 16-100
2015 REGULATION 16-104
RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS UNDER
THE 2001 REGULATION 16-105
RECOGNITION OF EX PARTE ORDERS 16-108
RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF PAN-EUROPEAN
RELIEF IN INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS 16-109
2015 REGULATION 16-110
DETERMINATION OF JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES UNDER THE
2001 REGULATION 16-111
JURISDICTIONAL PROVISIONS OF ENGLISH LAW 16-113
FORUM NON CONVENIENS 16-114
ANTI-SUIT INJUNCTIONS 16-115
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND RELEVANT LAW 16-116
BASIC PROVISIONS OF THE ROME I REGULATION 16-117
PAGE
INDEX 1993 |
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| spellingShingle | Tritton, Guy Tritton on intellectual property in Europe Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Geistiges Eigentum (DE-588)4136832-0 gnd Urheberrecht (DE-588)4062127-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4136832-0 (DE-588)4062127-3 |
| title | Tritton on intellectual property in Europe |
| title_auth | Tritton on intellectual property in Europe |
| title_exact_search | Tritton on intellectual property in Europe |
| title_full | Tritton on intellectual property in Europe Guy Tritton |
| title_fullStr | Tritton on intellectual property in Europe Guy Tritton |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tritton on intellectual property in Europe Guy Tritton |
| title_short | Tritton on intellectual property in Europe |
| title_sort | tritton on intellectual property in europe |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Geistiges Eigentum (DE-588)4136832-0 gnd Urheberrecht (DE-588)4062127-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Geistiges Eigentum Urheberrecht |
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