Tverʹ v XIII - XV vv. (po materialam raskopok 1993 - 1997 gg.)
Тверь в XIII-XV вв. по материалам раскопок 1993-1997 гг.
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sankt-Peterburg
Fak. Filologii i Iskusstv Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Univ.
2009
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| 100 | 1 | |6 880-01 |a Lapšin, Vladimir Anatolʹevič |d 1951- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)142161012 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |6 880-02 |a Tverʹ v XIII - XV vv. |b (po materialam raskopok 1993 - 1997 gg.) |c V. A. Lapšin |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Tver in the 13th - 15th centuries |
| 264 | 1 | |6 880-03 |a Sankt-Peterburg |b Fak. Filologii i Iskusstv Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Univ. |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a 533 S., [26] Bl. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |c 25 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a PST: Tver in the 13th - 15th centuries. - Text in kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache (S. 529 - [534]) | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. 497-[516]) | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1200-1500 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Excavations (Archaeology) / Russia (Federation) / Tverʹ | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Funde | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Funde |0 (DE-588)4071507-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Tverʹ (Russia) / Antiquities | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Twer |0 (DE-588)4096907-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Twer |0 (DE-588)4096907-1 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Geschichte 1200-1500 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Funde |0 (DE-588)4071507-3 |D s |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020553680&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 880 | 1 | |6 100-01/(N |a Лапшин, В. А. |a ut | |
| 880 | 1 | 0 | |6 245-02/(N |a Тверь в XIII-XV вв. |b по материалам раскопок 1993-1997 гг. |c В.А. Лапшин |
| 880 | 1 | |6 264-03/(N |a Санкт-Петербург |b Факультет филологии и искусств Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819774401051099136 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
Введение. Исторический контекст возникновения и роста Твери
..............................................7
Общая динамика роста городов Северо-Восточной Руси и их развитие
вХ — начале
XIII
в
..............................................................................................................7
Переломный
XIII
век
.............................................................................................................10
Возникновение великих княжений по письменным источникам
.......................................11
Глава
1.
Возможности археологических источников
.................................................................16
1.1.
История археологического изучения Твери
...................................................................16
1.1.1.
Кремль
.....................................................................................................................16
1.1.1.1.
Период сборов
(1872-1917
гг.)
.......................................................................16
1.1.1.2.
Первые археологические исследования в Твери. Раскопки
Н. П. Милонова
1934-1937
гг
...............................................................................17
1.1.1.3.
Раскопки в Тверском кремле
1979-1984
гг
...................................................23
1.1.1.4.
Раскопки в Тверском кремле
1985-2001
гг
...................................................24
1.1.1.5.
Исследования средневековой топографии Твери
.........................................27
1.1.2.
Посады
.....................................................................................................................31
1.2.
Археологический контекст Твери
...................................................................................32
1.3.
Общая характеристика городского «влажного» и «сухого» культурного слоя Твери.
...35
1.4.
Методика раскопок и фиксации
.....................................................................................40
1.5.
Возможности междисциплинарных исследований
........................................................43
Глава
2.
Хронология
.....................................................................................................................46
2.1.
Дендрошкала Твери. Строительные горизонты раскопа Тверской кремль-
11.............46
2.2.
Радиоуглеродное датирование
........................................................................................80
2.3.
Летописные пожары
........................................................................................................85
2.4.
Анализ вещевого материала (по материалам раскопок
1993—1997
гг.)
.........................86
2.4.1.
Изделия из железа
...................................................................................................86
2.4.2.
Изделия из цветных металлов
.................................................................................96
2.4.3.
Изделия из стекла
..................................................................................................111
2.4.4.
Изделия из кости
...................................................................................................116
2.4.5.
Изделия из камня и янтаря
...................................................................................121
2.4.6.
Изделия из глины
..................................................................................................126
2.4.7.
Изделия из дерева и бересты
.................................................................................131
2.4.8.
Шерстяные изделия и ткани
.................................................................................135
2.4.9.
Изделия из кожи
....................................................................................................136
2.4.10.
Берестяные грамоты
............................................................................................136
2.4.11.
Предметы с надписями
.......................................................................................137
2.5.
Хронологическая шкала Новгорода и проблемы хронологии средневековой Твери (по
материалам раскопок
1993—1997
гг.)
.............................................................................140
Глава
3.
Ремесло, сельское хозяйство и промыслы
..................................................................144
3.1.
Технология ремесла
.......................................................................................................144
3.2.
Локализация ремесленных мастерских
........................................................................145
3.3.
Остеологические материалы
.........................................................................................151
3.4.
Культурные растения и сорняки
...................................................................................155
Глава
4.
Основные направления внешних связей
....................................................................165
Глава
5.
Застройка
XI
II-XVbb
..................................................................................................171
5.1.
Постройки
......................................................................................................................171
5.2.
Элементы благоустройства города
................................................................................177
5.3.
Планировка усадеб и ее эволюция
................................................................................178
5.4.
Индивидуальные особенности усадеб
..........................................................................181
Глава
6.
Общие вопросы хронологии и топографии Твери
......................................................184
Заключение. Тверь
—
столица великого княжения
..................................................................198
Приложения
...............................................................................................................................202
Таблицы
................................................................................................................................202
Описание построек и сооружений
.......................................................................................253
Керамика Востока »Тверском кремле (Коваль В. Ю.)
........................................................273
Надпись на оборотной стороне золотого креста-энколпиона (Рождественская Т. В.)
....297
Краниологическая характеристика черепа юноши из
Τ
пери (Санкина С. А.)
...................299
Итоги трасологического исследования коллекции кремневых и каменных орудий
ю раскопа Тверской кремль-
1
1
(Поплевко
/ . //.)..........................................................300
Литература
..................................................................................................................................497
Архивные источники
.................................................................................................................517
Список сокращений
...................................................................................................................518
Список иллюстраций
.................................................................................................................520
Иллюстрации в тексте
..........................................................................................................520
Иллюстрации на вклейке
.....................................................................................................526
Summary
......................................................................................................................................529
SUMMARY
TVER IN THE 13th- 15th CENTURIES
(based on the materials from excavations made in
1993-1997)
Introduction:
Historic context of the establishment and development of Tver
Present-day Tver is a town in the Upper Volga region, near the highway linking St. Pe¬
tersburg and Moscow. However, between
1247
and
1485
it was the capital of the Tver Prin¬
cipality and the main rival of Moscow in its attempts to gain political leadership in Russia
(the most dramatic and unpredictable struggles for power in terms of their consequences
for the further course of Russian history were those between the Moscow and Tver princes
in the first decades of the 14th century).
The city of Vladimir was the center of the princely power in north-eastern
Rus
in the
second half of the 12th and the
ІЗ 1
century. After the Mongol invasion of
1237-1240,
Vladimir
and other old towns entered a long period of decline. The local population moved to mar¬
ginal areas which had been sparsely populated before. In the 14th century Vladimir was
superseded by new centers: Tver, Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod. These were founded in
the second half of the 12th
—
early
ІЗ 1
century as small frontier forts. Under the conditions
of the economical and political crisis of central power stemming from the Mongol invasion,
the rulers of the newly established princedoms began to struggle for grand reign over Vladimir.
The patent conferring the title of grand prince of Vladimir (i.e., chief among the Russian
princes) was granted by the Khan of the Golden Horde and gave the right to collect tribute
in the principalities of north-eastern
Rus
and Novgorod and to deliver it directly to the
Horde without any middlemen. After the patent for grand prince of Vladimir had been
actually secured for the Moscow princes, regional grand principalities were established
with centers in Tver and Nizhny Novgorod. These obtained the right of collecting tribute
for the Horde within their appanages and transferring it to the Horde, by-passing Moscow.
The grand princes thus obtained wide financial possibilities.
The cultural appearance of Tver, a major Russian medieval center, has been inadequate¬
ly studied so far. This is due to the fact that almost all Tver antiquities were destroyed many
times in Russian history
—
from devastating incursions of the Tartar hordes and Moscow
troops in the 13th to IS 1 centuries, to taking Tver artistic antiquities to Moscow, and finally
to destruction of architectural monuments in Tver in the
1930s
and
1940s.
The only present-day source of new information concerning the medieval town is its
cultural layer. Professional archaeological excavations were first undertaken in Tver not very
long ago, Nevertheless, Tver became one of the most actively explored Russian towns in the
1990s.
In
1993-1997
a joint expedition of the Institute for the History of Material Culture
of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, and the Tver Museum carried out wide-
scale excavations covering an area of
1,400
square meters. This
expédition
excavated for the
first time a whole block of medieval Tver with surviving traces of streets and estates.
529
Тверь в
XIII—
XV
вв. (по материалам раскопок
1993-1997
гг.)
Chapter
1.
The possibilities presented by archaeological sources
1.1.
General characteristics of Tver s cultural layer. The cultural layer of the town is not
homogeneous. Extensive suburbs are covered with a dry, relatively thin layer abundant in
later breaches. The most informative wet layer preserving organic remains and allowing
researchers to use the method of tree-ring dating occupies a rather small area. This is the
territory of the Tver Kremlin within its boundaries of the 14th century and separate spots in
the Zagorodsky and Zatmatsky suburbs adjoining the Kremlin. The scale of excavations
there was rather modest. Nevertheless, the materials yielded by these excavations have al¬
lowed archaeologists to raise the principal questions related to the early history of Tver, to
gain some notions about the chronology and topography of the Kremlin, and to put forward
hypotheses concerning the formation of the core of the town s territory.
1.2.
Methods of archaeological digs and recording. Construction periods were defined
based on dendro-dating results. All finds were compared with this period. The method of
recording stratigraphy is the most common method used by archeologists of Northern
Europe today (Harris
1977).
As a result it was possible to functionally describe the formation
of almost all layers: the level filling, strata from the time when the building existed, remains
from fires, the collapse of the stove, etc.
1.3.
Opportunities for inter-disciplinary studies. The unique state of preservation of the
cultural layer (including organic remains) required carrying out of a whole series of scien¬
tific investigations for which specialists from St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Tver were in¬
vited. Tests were performed and samples were taken at the excavation site and then special
research work was conducted (tree-ring dating, radiocarbon dating, spectral analysis, met¬
allography, and osteology). We consulted with specialists in paleography, iconography, and
sphragistics.
1.4.
The history of archaeological studies in Tver. The author offers a periodization of the
archaeological investigations carried out in the territory of the Tver Kremlin before the
beginning of the excavations of
1993-1997;
gathering of casually found artifacts and sys¬
tematically undertaken studies after the establishment of the Tver Museum
(1872-1917);
the first rescue excavations which were not highly professional
(1934—37),
and properly
documented archaeological excavations
(1979-93).
Separately discussed are research works
on medieval Tver based on written sources. The complete bibliography is provided.
1.5.
The archaeological context in Tver. The size of the inhabited area surrounding Tver was
determined. The inhabited area around the city stretched for about
30
to
50
km (fig.
6—8).
Chapter
2.
Chronology
2.1.
Results of tree-ring chronological studies of Tver timber structures. The building
horizons of the Tver Kremlin-
11
excavations.
646
specimens of wood were taken at the
excavation site, with
351
of them yielding tree-ring dates. The medieval part of the specimens
is datable within the period of
1271
and
1439.
The dates of
53
structures have been established
(buildings, pavements, floorings, palings, and wells). Materials of the excavations served as
a basis for the development of the dendrochronological scale of Tver.
11
medieval building
horizons are singled out on the basis of tree-ring dates,
stratigraphie
and planigraphic ob¬
servations with several yards within each of them, as well as the horizon of later structures
dating from the 17th to the early 20th centuries (fig.
15-27).
2.2.
Chronology of the Kremlin-
11
excavations as a result of comparison of the data of
radiocarbon analysis and tree-ring chronology. The data of
28
samples of charcoal were
Summary
received. These samples are united into
6
groups according to the building horizons and
complexes of structures, after which a total analysis of the dates was carried out. A com¬
parison of the resulting dates with tree-ring dates of the same complexes has shown that the
radiocarbon dates are always older than those of the tree-section dates (fig.
28-33).
The
reasons of this divergence are discussed and its objective character is grounded. The differ¬
ence in dates must be taken into consideration in the course of independent radiocarbon
dating.
2.3.
The fire dates from the Tver Chronicle. Tree-ring dates are correlated with the fire
dates mentioned in the Tver Chronicle. Some fires which had a local character are not re¬
corded on the excavated site; on the other hand, the chronicle did not mention fires of
individual yards and their reconstructions. The fires of about
1334, 1385
and
1433
are not
indicated in the Tver Chronicle.
2.4.
Analysis of the findings. A description is given of all categories of findings and their
absolute dates in accordance with construction horizons (fig.
49-198,
1—
XII).
2.5.
Chronological scale of Novgorod and problems of chronology of medieval Tver. The
study results are compared with the best chronology of Novgorod developed in Russian
archaeology. When linking findings to narrow chronological periods one can see the sig¬
nificance of the capital of one of the great princedoms of North-Eastern
Rus.
This was a
young center, in which city culture was formed in a very non-uniform way. The fashion of
glass bracelets, together with indubitably close and varied links with Novgorod, reaches its
peak with a delay of one century. Country decorations of the Kurgan type continued to
be popular for a very long time. Such decorations are habitually associated with the pre-
Mongol period. Blacksmith s work, and production of weapons and work instruments, on
the contrary, completely conforms with advanced technological schemes, although the
change in these instruments was more delayed. This seems to be the result of the constant
negative influence of the Golden Horde yoke, which was felt here much more directly than
in the Novgorod lands.
Chapter
3.
Trade, agriculture and handicrafts
3.1.
Trade technologies. The results of metallographic studies of
183
implements (main¬
ly knives) are described. A total of
165
of them have tree-ring dates. A total of
8
technologi¬
cal schemes are singled out. Welding technologies which were progressive for that period
make up
57,5%,
while archaic ones make up
42,5%.
We conclude that the smithery in Tver
developed along the lines of Northern Russia. At the same time attention must be paid to the
lack of dynamics in a quantitative correlation of technological schemes from the end of the
ІЗ 1
to the first three decades of the IS 1 century. Horizons
6
and
7
stand apart
—
the percent¬
age of knives made with the use of welded technologies in them is higher. It may be assumed
that this is due to a professional engagement of the inhabitants of some urban yards.
3.2.
Local handicrafts workshops. Bronze-pouring, bone-cutting and leather-dressing
workshops were identified based on production waste found at estates (fig.
38-42).
3.3.
Osteologica!
Remains. Results of the identification of species of
38,715
mammal
bones. The Tver collection is most close to its Moscow counterpart of the 14th and
15
cen¬
turies in terms of the relationship of basic types of domestic animals. A peculiar feature of
Tver is that the proportion of wild animals in the inhabitants meat diet was rather large and
corresponds to earlier, pre-Mongolian layers of Ryazan and Staraya Ladoga. The concentra¬
tion of bones agrees with the topography of estates and helps reveal their specific features.
Results of identification of
350
osteologica!
remains offish are analysed.
11
species offish
are recorded. The basic kinds offish caught were those of the sturgeon family, among which
531
Тверь в
XIII—
XV
вв. (по материалам раскопок
1993-1997
гг.)
beluga (white sturgeon) and sevriuga (stellate sturgeon) occurred most frequently. It is prob¬
able that fishing on a professional basis was carried out not only in the region of the Upper
Volga, but on the Lower Volga (the sturgeon type) and in lakes (white fish and pike).
3.4.
Grain material. The composition of
135
grain finds is analysed. They contain the
grains of the same agricultural cultures as those found in a large number of finds of the
taiga-forest zone. The most recurrent type of crop is winter rye: its grains make up more
than a half of the entire discovered material. The correlation of the occurrence of cultures
and the quantity of their grains in the Tver finds are very close to the generalized materials
of the taiga-forest zone. The composition of weeds and the quantitative proportion of weeds
in the discussed finds are also analogous to the generalized data. This can serve as a ground
for the assumption that the fallow system of agriculture was widespread in the area of Tver
from the late 13th to the first half of the 15th century alongside other systems and their com¬
binations. The new data show carefully collected accumulations of weed seeds. Their ar¬
rangement and composition has enabled the author to reveal the significance of uncovered
structures and the character of the organization of the investigated area over the course of
a long period.
Chapter
4.
Main types of foreign relations
Two types of foreign relations can be seen in Tver in the 13th—15th centuries based on
archaeological materials. These are western and eastern relations. Imports from Western
Europe came to Tver, just as to other cities in North-Western
Rus,
through Novgorod.
Imports from the East came to Tver either directly from the Golden Horde, or through it.
The Southern route, on the Dnepr River, which played a key role in the pre-Mongol pe¬
riod, lost its significance after
1240.
Objects from the south in the period analyzed speak
not of trade relations, but of the migration of the population from the Middle Dnepr, which
was destroyed by the Mongols, and of the length of time that some objects from the pre-
Mongol period survived.
Chapter
5.
Building in the
13*-15*
centuries
Building in Tver (just like many other elements of material culture) had much in com¬
mon with Moscow. Buildings in Moscow characteristically had small
(4
χ
4
m
on average)
frameworks with a ground floor with clay stoves on posts in one corner (fig.
199—247).
Buildings in Tver were modest for the most part. The buildings were mostly one-roomed,
and were often made of thick logs. Floors were most often put right on the ground. Some¬
times useful materials from previously demolished buildings of prior periods were used. The
plainness of these buildings becomes more understandable if one remembers that there were
11
fires over the
160
years of Tver s history studied in this excavation. Namely home-build¬
ing gives the most clear understanding of the uneasiness of the life of people in Tver living
between incursions and fires.
The changes in the construction topography of the Tver Kremlin traced in the
1993—1997
excavation are not local in their character. They are as follows:
( 1 )
structures appeared in the
southern and eastern parts of the Tver Kremlin at the end of the
ІЗ 1
century;
(2)
the borders
of yards became steady at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries;
(3)
the entire 14th century is
characterized by frequent changes in layout, dimensions, and the number of yards;
(4)
at the
turn of the
13*
and 14th centuries construction became steadfast, which has been reflected
in the continuity of the yards territories and the introduction of street pavements.
532
Summary
Individual particularities of estates. The distribution of findings based on estate ter¬
ritories makes it possible to reveal their specificity. In order to make a comparison,
several socially important categories were chosen: the findings from workshops, Eastern
and Western imports, weapons, armor and horse equipment, birchbark documents and
objects with writing, as well as bone and slouching leaden stamps and objects made of
gold.
One can see a correlation of Eastern and Western imports, dishes made of glass made
with Russian methods, and weapons and ammunitions of soldiers and horsemen. The lack
of a correlation between birchbark documents and other objects with writing is quite surpris¬
ing. The estates with the most complete set of socially-important features are
6-А
and
5-А.
These can be highlighted both for their size and their number of buildings (no less than
7
and
10,
respectively). Estate
6-А
covers a territory of two estates from a previous period
—
7-А
and 7-B. The estate that replaced it,
5-А,
covers an even greater area, over three estate
land plots. The largest and most varied set of representative findings came from these two
estates. These findings were made up of imports and weapons. Estate
5-А
has new catego¬
ries of findings as compared with site
6-А,
with bone stamps-moulds, objects with writing
and gold encolpia. Bone stamps showed that the estate belonged to one of the high bureau¬
crats of the princedom s administration. A tysyatsky (head of the city militia) could be
such a person in Tver.
Chapter
6.
General questions of chronology and topography in Tver
Disputable questions of chronology and topography of medieval Tver are discussed. The
author views the founding of Tver in the following way based on available data: Apparently,
there were small villages on the banks of the Volga to the west and east of the mouth of the
T maka
River in the second half of the 12th century. Their cultural layer has not been revealed,
and, more likely than not, was destroyed back in the Middle Ages. Certain early findings
do not make up integrated sets. It is unlikely that these villages can be dated to a time ear¬
lier than the 2lh century, since only two gold-glass beads have been found on the territory
of the Kremlin and the Zat matsky trading quarter so far. Such beads are characteristic of
pre-Mongol settlements and burial mound repositories of the Tver region.
The earliest building on the territory of the Tver Kremlin has a dendrodate of
1192
and is situated on the side of the upper bank terrace of the Volga, in the north-eastern
part of the future Kremlin, located as far as possible from the Kremlin s peninsula area.
Apparently, at first a very narrow land strip on the river bank was developed. The Krem¬
lin walls were built in the first half of the
ІЗ 1
century. It seems that their contours cor¬
responded to bulwarks which were kept until the beginning of the 19th century. When
building the Kremlin s walls the natural relief of the land was used to the maximum
extent possible: a ravine leading from the bank of the Volga to the south was used as a
base for
a moât.
The territory of the Kremlin south of the border of the bank terrace was
not, apparently, used. Formation of the city territory began at the end of the
ІЗ 1
cen¬
tury. The
Spaso-
Preobrazhensky Church was made in place of the church of
Kozma
and
Demyana in
1285.
At the same time construction of the eastern and south-eastern parts
of the territory of the Tver Kremlin was begun. Development of trading quarters was done
in the first place along the left bank of the Volga and the left bank of the
T maka
River.
Significant growth in the territory of trading quarters apparently started at the end of the
15th century, when the Kremlin became a place for placing the Moscow administration
and garrison.
533
Тверь в
XIII—
XV
вв. (по материалам раскопок
1993-1997
гг.)
Conclusion:
Tver - Capital of a great princedom
New capitals such as Tver, Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod displayed a number of rep¬
resentative traits which characterized them in terms of the grand-princedom self-con¬
sciousness rather than in terms of their economical position. These traits included stone
architecture (primarily religious) and corpora of chronicles of the grand princes and other
literary monuments. Minting their own coins was an indicator of a compound charac¬
ter
—
both economical and representative.
On the other hand, the process of urban formation had still not been completed in the
new capital of Tver. Fortifications were built without connection to already-existing build¬
ings, and originally included vast unoccupied areas. The instability of the lay-out is char¬
acteristic of the 14th century, as well as the absence of wooden pavements
—
these impressive
archaeological traits of a North-Russian medieval city. The social topography of the young
cities was still in the course of its formation. After Moscow had absorbed the Grand Prin¬
cipality of Nizhny Novgorod in the late 14th century and the Grand Principality of Tver in
the late IS 1 century, their capitals entered a period of deep crisis which continued until the
middle of the 17th century.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Lapšin, Vladimir Anatolʹevič 1951- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)142161012 |
| author_facet | Lapšin, Vladimir Anatolʹevič 1951- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Lapšin, Vladimir Anatolʹevič 1951- |
| author_variant | v a l va val |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036633923 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)705764973 (DE-599)BVBBV036633923 |
| era | Geschichte 1200-1500 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1200-1500 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Tverʹ (Russia) / Antiquities Twer (DE-588)4096907-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Tverʹ (Russia) / Antiquities Twer |
| id | DE-604.BV036633923 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-24T00:09:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9785846509177 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020553680 |
| oclc_num | 705764973 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 533 S., [26] Bl. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Fak. Filologii i Iskusstv Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Univ. |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Lapšin, Vladimir Anatolʹevič 1951- Tverʹ v XIII - XV vv. (po materialam raskopok 1993 - 1997 gg.) Excavations (Archaeology) / Russia (Federation) / Tverʹ Funde Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4096907-1 |
| title | Tverʹ v XIII - XV vv. (po materialam raskopok 1993 - 1997 gg.) |
| title_alt | Tver in the 13th - 15th centuries |
| title_auth | Tverʹ v XIII - XV vv. (po materialam raskopok 1993 - 1997 gg.) |
| title_exact_search | Tverʹ v XIII - XV vv. (po materialam raskopok 1993 - 1997 gg.) |
| title_full | Tverʹ v XIII - XV vv. (po materialam raskopok 1993 - 1997 gg.) V. A. Lapšin |
| title_fullStr | Tverʹ v XIII - XV vv. (po materialam raskopok 1993 - 1997 gg.) V. A. Lapšin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tverʹ v XIII - XV vv. (po materialam raskopok 1993 - 1997 gg.) V. A. Lapšin |
| title_short | Tverʹ v XIII - XV vv. |
| title_sort | tverʹ v xiii xv vv po materialam raskopok 1993 1997 gg |
| title_sub | (po materialam raskopok 1993 - 1997 gg.) |
| topic | Excavations (Archaeology) / Russia (Federation) / Tverʹ Funde Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Excavations (Archaeology) / Russia (Federation) / Tverʹ Funde Tverʹ (Russia) / Antiquities Twer |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020553680&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020553680&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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