Eloquent science a practical guide to becoming a better writer, speaker, and atmospheric scientist

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1. Verfasser: Schultz, David M. 1965- (VerfasserIn)
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Veröffentlicht: Boston, Mass. American Meteorological Society 2009
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text Titel: Eloquent science Autor: Schultz, David M Jahr: 2009 CONTENTS Preface xi Acknowledgments xv Foreword by Professor Kerry Emanuel, MIT xix How to Use This Book xxi Introduction: An Incoherent Truth xxv PART I : WRITING AND PUBLISHING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PAPERS 1 The Process of Publishing Scientific Papers 3 1.1 Submission 3 1.2 Editors and reviewers 5 1.3 Technical editing, copy editing, and page proofs 8 2 Should You Publish Your Paper? Questions to Ask Before You Benin Writing 11 2.1 Is the science publishable? 12 2.2 Who is the audience, and what attracts them to your paper? 14 2.3 What is the target Journal? 15 3 Writing an Effective Title 21 3.1 Characteristics ofan effective title 21 3.2 Structuring the title 22 3.3 Multipart papers 25 3.4 Examples 26 4 The Structure of a Scientific Paper 29 4.1 Parts of a scientific document 30 4.2 Nonlinear reading 30 4.3 Cover page 31 4.4 Abstract 32 4.5 Keywords 33 4.6 Introduction 33 4.7 Literature synthesis 37 4.8 Data and methods 40 4.9 Results 41 4.10 Discussion 42 4.11 Conclusion, conclusions, or summary 43 4.12 Acknowledgments 45 4.13 Appendices 46 4.14 References 46 4.15 Alternative organizations to your manuscript 46 5 The Motivation to Write 49 5.1 The importance ofattitude 50 5.2 Reducing the height of the hurdle 51 5.3 Preparing the writing environment 52 5.4 Opening the floodgates 53 6 Brainstorm, Outline, and First Draft 55 6.1 Brainstorming 56 6.2 Outlining 56 6.3 Writing the first draft 57 7 Accessible Scientific Writing 59 7.1 The differences between literary and scientific writing 59 7.2 Making writing more accessible 60 7.3 Structuring logical arguments 61 7.4 Writing is like forecasting 63 8 Constructing Effective Paragraphs 65 8.1 Coherence within paragraphs 66 8.2 Examplesof coherence 68 8.2.1 Repetition 69 8.2.2 Enumeration 69 8.2.3 Transition 70 ELOQUENT SCIENCE 8.3 Coherence between paragraphs 71 8.4 Length and structure of paragraphs 74 9 Constructing Effective Sentences 75 9.1 Active voice versus passive voice 76 9.2 Subject-verb distance 80 9.3 Verbtense 81 9.4 Parallel structure 82 9.5 Comparisons 83 9.6 Negatives 85 9.7 Misplaced modifiers 85 9.8 Rhythm and aesthetics 86 10 Using Effective Words and Phrases 87 10.1 Concision 88 10.2 Precision 90 10.2.1 Denotation versus connotation 90 10.2.2 Jargon 91 10.2.3 Unclear pronouns 92 10.2.4 Choosing the best words 93 10.2.5 Braggadocio and superlatives 96 10.3 Proper form 98 10.3.1 Abbreviations and acronyms 98 10.3.2 Numbers and units 99 10.3.3 Adjective-noun agreement 99 10.4 Eliminating bias 100 10.4.1 Gender bias 100 10.4.2 Geographica! bias 101 10.4.3 Cultural bias 102 10.5 Minimizing misinterpretations 102 11 Figures, Tables, and Equations 103 11.1 Design 108 11.2 Size 110 11.3 Aesthetics 110 11.4 Consistency 112 11.5 Annotation 113 11.6 Grayscaling and color 115 11.7 Common types of figures 118 11.7.1 Linegraphs 118 11.7.2 Scatterplots 119 CONTENTS 11.7.3 Bar Charts 122 11.7.4 Tukey box-and-whisker plots 126 11.7.5 Horizontal maps 127 11.7.6 Vertical cross sections 130 11.7.7 Thermodynamic diagrams 131 11.7.8 Hovmöller diagrams 131 11.7.9 Pie Charts 132 11.7.10 Small multiples 132 11.7.11 Instrumentation figures 133 11.7.12 Schematic figures and conceptual modeis 133 11.8 Figures from other sources 134 11.9 Tables 134 11.10 Captions for figures and tables 137 11.11 Discussing figures and tables in the text 137 11.12 Oversimplified comparisons 138 11.13 Direct versus indirect citation 139 11.14 Numbering figures and tables 140 11.15 Placing figures and tables in the manuscript 141 11.16 Equations and chemical reactions 141 vi 12 Citations and References 143 12.1 Why cite the literature? 143 12.2 How to cite the literature 144 12.3 What literature to cite and when to cite it 12.4 Who to cite 147 12.5 Where to cite the literature 148 12.6 Quotations 149 12.7 Citation syntax 151 12.8 Reference lists 153 12.9 Citing digital materials 154 12.10 A final admonition 155 13 Editing and Finishing Up 157 13.1 The process of revision 157 13.2 Losing your way 159 13.3 Condensing text through precis 160 13.4 An example of the editing process 161 13.5 Nearing a final version of the manuscript 13.6 Minding the little things 168 13.7 Receiving feedback 170 13.8 The need for concision 171 ELOQUENT SCIENCE 146 167 13.9 The right length 172 13.10 The final edits 173 14 Authorship and Its Responsibilities 175 14.1 Determining authorship 176 14.2 Determining authorship order 177 14.3 Obligations ofauthors 180 14.4 Obligations of corresponding authors 181 15 Scientific Ethics and Misconduct 183 15.1 Fabrication and falsification 184 15.2 Plagiarism 186 15.3 Seif-plagiarism 188 15.4 Consequences of misconduct 189 16 Guidance for English as a Second Language Authors and Their Coauthors 191 16.1 Cultural differences require direct communication 192 16.2 Common weaknesses in manuscripts written by ESL authors 193 16.3 Using the literature as your writing coach 195 16.4 Translating your native language or writing in English? 197 16.5 Seeking help 198 16.6 Collaborating and coauthoring with ESL authors 199 17 Page Proofs, Pubiication, and Life Thereafter 203 17.1 Page proofs 203 17.2 Pubiication 205 17.3 Marketing your pubiication 206 18 Methods and Approaches to Writing for the Atmospheric Sciences 209 18.1 Classification schemes 210 18.2 Automated versus manual techniques 210 18.3 Picking thresholds 212 18.4 Research approaches for atmospheric science 213 18.4.1 Case studies: Observations and modeis 213 18.4.2 Model sensitivity studies 216 18.4.3 Climatologies 218 18.4.4 Synoptic composites 218 18.4.5 Forecast methods 219 18.4.6 Other approaches 221 CONTENTS I vii PART II : PARTICIPATING IN PEER REVIEW 19 Editors and Peer Review 225 20 Writing a Review 229 20.1 Should you agree to do the review? 230 20.2 Obligations of reviewers 231 20.3 How to approach a review 231 20.4 Making the decision: Revise or reject? 234 20.5 Writing the review 235 20.6 To be or not to be anonymous 239 20.7 Providing comments to others 239 21 Responding to Reviews 243 21.1 Making revisions and writing the response 243 21.2 Responding to specific comments 246 21.3 Divergent reviews 247 21.4 Dealing with rejection 248 PART III : PREPARING AND DELIVERING SCIENTIFIC PRESENTATIONS 22 How Scientific Meetings Work 253 22.1 How meetings are organized 254 22.2 Picking the right meetings to artend 255 22.3 How to be a good audience member 257 23 The Abstract and Extended Abstract 259 23.1 Characteristics ofa Conference abstract 260 23.2 Writing and submitting a Conference abstract 262 23.3 Oral or poster presentation? 262 23.4 The extended abstract 263 24 Accessible Oral Presentations 265 24.1 How writing differs from speaking, and what that means for your presentation 265 24.2 Focus your message 267 24.3 Know why you are giving the talk 268 24.4 Address your audience 268 24.5 Deliver the content at the right baud rate 269 24.6 Create a synergy between your words and your visuals 269 Vffl | ELOQUENT SCIENCE 24.7 Understand the distractions to your audience 270 24.8 Address everyone within a diverse audience 271 25 Constructing Effective Oral Presentations 273 25.1 Storyboard your presentation 274 25.2 Starting to construct your presentation 275 25.2.1 First few slides 276 25.2.2 Last few slides 277 25.3 Design attractive slides 278 25.4 Headlines are better than titles 279 25.5 Delete unnecessary words 282 25.6 Include relevant and clear graphics 284 25.7 Examples of how to improve slides 286 25.8 Use effective transitions 289 26 Delivering Compelling Oral Presentations 291 26.1 Rehearse to reduce anxiety 291 26.2 Prepare before the presentation 293 26.3 Deliver a strong opening 296 26.4 Keep the momentum going 297 26.5 Finish strong 297 26.6 Have a compelling delivery 297 26.7 Maintain eye contact 299 26.8 Watch the time! 299 26.9 Handouts should not duplicate your slides 300 26.10 Questions and answers 301 27 Potent Poster Presentations 305 27.1 Two ways to design a poster 306 27.2 Content and layout 310 27.3 Putting it on paper 311 27.4 Assembling the poster 312 27.5 At the poster session 313 27.6 Avision 314 28 Challenges to Delivering Your Presentation 315 28.1 Managing the inconveniences of travel 315 28.2 Presenting in a foreign country 316 28.3 Combatting nervousness 317 28.4 Avoiding and managing illness 319 28.5 When things go wrong 319 CONTENTS I Ix PART IV : COMMUNICATING THROUGHOUT YOUR CAREER 29 Communication in the Workplace 323 29.1 Writing memoranda 323 29.2 Resumes versus curricula vita 324 29.3 Planning and running meetings 325 29.4 Working efficiently, working smarter 328 30 Communication with the Public and Media 329 30.1 Preparing for an interview 331 30.2 Interacting with the public 332 31 Furthering Your Journey 335 31.1 Writemore 335 31.2 Readmore 337 31.3 Give more talks 337 31.4 Artend more talks 337 31.5 Develop a peer group 337 31.6 Incorporate communication skills in the classroom 339 31.7 Interact with mentors and colleagues 339 31.8 Volunteer 340 31.9 Develop your own style 340 31.10 Learn from your mistakes 340 31.11 Conclusion 341 PART V : APPENDICES A Commas, Hyphens, and Dashes 345 B Commonly Misused Scientific Words and Expressions 351 Notes 367 For Further Reading 383 References 393 Index 407 ELOQUENT SCIENCE
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spellingShingle Schultz, David M. 1965-
Eloquent science a practical guide to becoming a better writer, speaker, and atmospheric scientist
Communication in science
Technical writing
Public speaking
Scientists Vocational guidance
Vortragstechnik (DE-588)4188737-2 gnd
Wissenschaftler (DE-588)4066567-7 gnd
Wissenschaftliches Manuskript (DE-588)4066596-3 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4188737-2
(DE-588)4066567-7
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title Eloquent science a practical guide to becoming a better writer, speaker, and atmospheric scientist
title_auth Eloquent science a practical guide to becoming a better writer, speaker, and atmospheric scientist
title_exact_search Eloquent science a practical guide to becoming a better writer, speaker, and atmospheric scientist
title_full Eloquent science a practical guide to becoming a better writer, speaker, and atmospheric scientist David M. Schultz
title_fullStr Eloquent science a practical guide to becoming a better writer, speaker, and atmospheric scientist David M. Schultz
title_full_unstemmed Eloquent science a practical guide to becoming a better writer, speaker, and atmospheric scientist David M. Schultz
title_short Eloquent science
title_sort eloquent science a practical guide to becoming a better writer speaker and atmospheric scientist
title_sub a practical guide to becoming a better writer, speaker, and atmospheric scientist
topic Communication in science
Technical writing
Public speaking
Scientists Vocational guidance
Vortragstechnik (DE-588)4188737-2 gnd
Wissenschaftler (DE-588)4066567-7 gnd
Wissenschaftliches Manuskript (DE-588)4066596-3 gnd
topic_facet Communication in science
Technical writing
Public speaking
Scientists Vocational guidance
Vortragstechnik
Wissenschaftler
Wissenschaftliches Manuskript
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