Nejstarší dějiny Českého ráje a horního Pojizeří = Prehistory of Český ráj and the Upper Pojizeří Region
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech |
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Turnov
Muzeum Českého Ráje v Turnově
2010
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| 020 | |a 9788087416013 |9 978-80-87416-01-3 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)705646530 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Prostředník, Jan |d 1968- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)141709154 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Nejstarší dějiny Českého ráje a horního Pojizeří |b = Prehistory of Český ráj and the Upper Pojizeří Region |c Jan Prostředník ; Petr Šída |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a Prehistory of Český ráj and the Upper Pojizeří Region |
| 264 | 1 | |a Turnov |b Muzeum Českého Ráje v Turnově |c 2010 | |
| 300 | |a 123 S. |b zahl. Ill., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Development of occupation in the area of Český ráj and Upper Pojizeří (Jizera river) region in the prehistoric and early mediaeval periods | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Vor- und Frühgeschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Archeologické výzkumy / Česko |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Archeologické nálezy / Česko |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Excavations (archaeology) / Czech Republic |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Antiquities / Czech Republic |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Funde | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Český ráj (Česko) / pravěk |2 czenas | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Pojizeří (Česko) / pravěk |2 czenas | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Český ráj (Czech Republic) / prehistory / czenas |2 czenas | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Pojizeří (Czech Republic) / prehistory / czenas |2 czenas | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Tschechische Republik | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Prachovské skály |0 (DE-588)4407918-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Prachovské skály |0 (DE-588)4407918-7 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Vor- und Frühgeschichte |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Šída, Petr |d 1976- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)141709200 |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020468683&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020468683&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
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| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 900 |e 22/bsb |f 0902 |g 4371 |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020468683 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819581114852835328 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Obsah
1.
Úvod
..........................................................................................................................................................................8
2.
Dějiny archeologického výzkumu v oblasti Českého ráje a horního Pojizeří
...............................11
3.
Starší doba kamenná
-
paleolit
(2,5
mil let, v Čechách cca
1
mil let až
9 500
př. n. I.)
..............18
4.
Střední doba kamenná
-
mezolit
(9500 - 5500
př. n. I.)
.......................................................................24
5.
Mladší doba kamenná
(6. - 5.
tisíciletí př.n.l.)
..........................................................................................34
6.
Pozdní doba kamenná (cca
4200 - 2200/2 000
př. n. I)
........................................................................47
7.
Starší doba bronzová až starší doba železná
(2000 - 500
př.n.l.)
......................................................55
8.
Mladší doba železná
(5. -1.
stol. př.n.l.)
.......................................................................................................71
9.
Doba římská a stěhování národů
(1.-5.
stol.)
.........................................................................................80
10.
Raný středověk
(6.-12.
stol.)
......................................................................................................................90
Proč máme chránit jeskyně aneb Sedimentární záznam skalních dutin Českého ráje
...............101
Výběr z archeologických lokalit Českého ráje a horního Pojizeří
........................................................103
Shrnutí
......................................................................................................................................................................111
Development
of
Occupation
in the Area of
Český ráj
and Upper
Pojizeří (Jizera
River)
Region in the Prehistoric and Early Mediaeval Periods
..........................................................................114
Použitá literatura..................................................................................................................................................
117
Přední
strana
Dvojitá brána
u
Rohlin. Skalní lokalita se stopami osídlení v mezolitu a eneolitu (k. ú. Bělá
u
Turnova, okr. Semily,
foto J. Prostředník, září
2005)
Letecký snímek skalního bradla Čertova ruka na Hruboskalsku
s
nálezy z období neolitu, eneolitu lidu popelnicových,
z laténu, doby římské, období stěhování národů a vrcholného středověku.(k. ú. Karlovice, foto J. Prostředník, červenec
2007)
Letecký snímek lokality Turnov
-
Maškovy zahrady
s
doklady lidských činností od mladého paleolitu po vrcholný
středověk) foto J. Prostředník, duben
2005).
Podkladová
fotografìe:
Letecký snímek krajiny pod Troskami (foto J. Prostředník, duben
2005)
Zadní strana
Fotografie z archeologických výzkumů v Turnově
-
Maškových zahradách
(1998 - 2001),
Daliměřicích (r.
2005),
Kristově
jeskyni (r.
2005),
Přepeřích (r.
2007),
Turnově
-
Nudvojovicích (r.
2008),
Všeni
u
Turnova (r.
2008)
a Valdštejnu (r.
2008).
123
Development
of Occupation in the Area of
Český ráj
and Upper
Pojizeří
(Jizera
River) Region in the Prehistoric and Early Mediaeval Periods
The area of
Český ráj ( Bohemian
Paradise ) and upper
Pojizeří ( Jizera
River region ) has a gradient
of several hundred meters above sea level inclining from the north (at approx.
700
m a.s.l.)
down
to the south (at approx.
230
m a.s.1.).
The central phenomenon of the entire area is the river
Jizera
which not only influenced the formation of the terrain but has also been an important means
of communication since Prehistoric times. Occupation in an area so large and with such diverse
geography and geomorphology cannot have developed in a linear way. Within the area the
occupied and otherwise utilised space alternately progressed and regressed throughout various
periods of time. The natural conditions, namely those determined by the region s geography and
geomorphology, obviously played their role, affecting the life of the inhabitants to a significant
extent. Another premise for inhabitation in the different historical periods between Prehistory
and the end of Mediaeval times was the natural resources.
There is a long tradition of archaeological research in
Český ráj
and the upper
Pojizeří
area. The
first preserved finds were uncovered in the 1850 s and include, for instance, a collection of bronze
swan-shaped armour in Svijany, from the Upper Bronze period. At the end of the 19th century
several cremation sites of the urnfield culture were excavated, namely
ih
Dneboh,
Malá Bělá,
Svijany,
Svijanský Újezd, Sovenice, Turnov-Aehrentálova
brickworks and others. At that time J. V.
Šimák
established the Archaeological Association in
Turnov,
which carried out excavations all
over
Český ráj.
However, Professor
J. V. Šimák s
professional activities extended far beyond the
Český ráj
area. In the 1940 s, Professor
J. Filip,
another important archaeologist born in nearby
čhocnějovice,
carried out excavations in the larger
Pojizeří
region. However, from the 1960 s,
when L. Jisl and M.
Štěpánek
did research in the area around
Turnov,
only scarce attention was
devoted to the region by archaeologists. The research has been given a systematic basis since the
end of the 20th century.
The first evidence of human presence in
Český ráj
and upper
Pojizeří
dates back to the Palaeolithic
(approx.
300 000
to
10 000
ВС).
Unfortunately the resources have been much isolated and their
spatial occurrence denies more precise periodisation within the Palaeolithic, as only
15
sites are
available for the longest stretch of human history with evidence of inhabitation, making it one
site for around every
20
thousand years. It is, however, obvious that hunters and collectors utilised
and possibly occupied both rock caves and shelters, as well as the open landscape. These were all
in strategic locations with a good view. The Mesolithic
(9 000 - 5 500
ВС)
saw an important rise
in inhabitation especially along the shores of the
Pelešanské
lake in the Early Holocene.That was
also when agate, jasper and amethyst began to be extracted at
Kozákov
hill, to be used as a raw
material for the production of chipped stone tools. The mined materials were primarily processed
in the rock caves at the foot of
Kozákov
hill, namely in
Babí pec, Kudrnáčova pec
and
Zemanova pec.
At the end of the 6th century
BČ
in the Neolithic (approx.
5 500 - 4 200
ВС),
farmers appeared
in the area and settled in the fertile alluvial areas along the river
Jizera
(around
Pěnčín, Přepere,
Příšovice, Turnov
-
Maškovy zahrady and Turnov
-
Nudvojovice).
Besides pottery, the production
of polished stone tools developed to a greater extent. High-quality rocks were used to make the
tools, namely metabasite of the
Pojizeří
type, outcrops of which lie in the
Jizerské
mountains
and were extracted in the Neolithic and Eneolithic, while tools made from
Pojizeří
metabasite
have been discovered up to several hundred kilometres away. The extracted material was roughly
worked where it was extracted and then later finely processed into tools further down the river
Jizera,
such as in Ohrazenice near
Turnov.
It is highly likely that
Pojizeří-type
metabasite began to
be used as early as in the Mesolithic. Finds of polished stone tools used by the first farmers are
also frequent in the upper
Jizera
region.Their wide distribution proves diverse activity in this area
114
which could have been associated with obtaining fodder or prospecting. There does seem to be
a legitimate link to the
Pojizerská
trail which led to Poland, most probably through the
Nový svět
pass in the
Krkonoše
mountains. However, the fertile areas of theTurnov region are the traditional
settlement areas. The
Jested-Kozákov
ridge was a certain cultural boundary throughout the whole
of Prehistory and the early Mediaeval periods, but apparently not insurmountable.
Unlike the relatively stable or peaceful Neolithic, there was a turning point during the subsequent
period
-
the Eneolithic (approx.
4 200 - 2 200/2 000
ВС).
With some slight exaggeration, the
Eneolithic can actually be referred
toas
thefirst migration of nations, involving thestrong exchange
of cultures and cultural groups. Unfortunately, unlike with the Neolithic, the inhabitation is much
less distinctive, probably in relation to the greater mobility of people which could result, among
others, from seasonal pasture habits. The settlements tended to be smaller and the pair family
model could have begun around this time. Evidence of human presence can be found both in the
fertile areas of
Český ráj
as well as in the submontane and mountain regions where, however, just
like with the Neolithic, no permanent inhabitation has been proven.
The Early and Middle Bronze Age
(2 000 - 1 250
ВС)
have yielded almost no archaeological
finds to prove inhabitation of
Český ráj.
Some recent radiocarbon dates from the excavation at
the polycultural settlement in
Turnov
-
Maškovy zahrady
and
Dafiměřice,
however, fall within
the Middle Bronze Age. During the Late Bronze Age
(1 250 - 700
ВС)
the
Turnov
region was
inhabited by the people of the urnfield culture, for whom cremation was typical, see sites in
Příšovice, Sovenice, Svijanský Újezd, Svijany, Turnov-Aehrentálova
brickworks and
Turnov
-
V Zátiší .
This tendency continued in the subsequent periods of the Late Bronze Age and Early
Iron Age when the
Lusatian
culture was replaced be the
Silesian-Platěnice
culture
(750 - 500
ВС).
The population density of the urnfield people in the region was fully comparable with that
of Mediaeval times. The characteristics of occupation not only prove increasing density but imply
a possible expansion up the river
Jizera
to the foothills of the
Krkonoše
mountains.
The development of inhabitation and other human activities in the Late Iron Age (5th
-1
st
ее ВС)
in the area of
Český ráj
and the upper
Pojizeří
region appears to be rather complex and somewhat
difficult to interpret. While in other locations within the area there is unquestionable evidence of
the presence of the Celts, the upper
Pojizeří
region remained outside the Celtic oikumene until the
3rd - 2nd
ее ВС.
The urnfield people maintained their typical culture in theTurnov region, namely
the so-called
Turnov
type named after the cremation field in
Turnov-Aehrentálova
brickworks.
Despite that, rare contacts have been identified between them and the Celts who conquered the
area of
Český ráj
and upper Pojizen probably in the
2nd
century
ВС.
The finds from the sandstone
rock areas of
Český ráj
differ from those found in the open landscape both in terms of type and
placement. The interpretation of human activities in
Český ráj
and the upper
Pojizeří
therefore
remains obscure. Various theories can be applied, from profane activities to interpreting the rock
town as a sacral landscape. Given the current state of knowledge, none of these theories can be
proven or denied.
The first centuries AD, the period of the Roman Empire
(0 -
4th cc AD) and the Migration Period
(4th
-
Sth/õth
cc AD),
remain unclear in this region. The cremation site near
Kobyly
dates back
to around the year zero, but the ethnicity of the culture is unresolved. New excavations have
shed a little light on the Germanic inhabitation. In
Turnov,
for instance, two settlements have
been excavated. The former dates back to the Early Roman Age and was situated on a peak in
a filled meander of the ancient riverbed of the
Jizera.
The latter settlement, or rather a yard, dates
back to the
3rd
century AD. We also know of infrequent finds from the
Hrubá Skála
rock area
which, however, do not prove that the settlement was generally used.There is still a lack of further
evidence of the presence of the Germanic people to the north of
Turnov.
A new ethnic group, the Slavs, came to the area in the 6th century and, like the first farmers in the
115
Neolithic, inhabited the fertile meanders of the river
Jizera
(the sites in
Turnov - Maškovy zahrady
and
Přepere).
In the following centuries fortified sites located to the south and east of
Turnov
attained importance, such as
Prachovské skály, Poraň, Klamorna
near
Chvalčovice, Mužský, Hradec
near
Podolí and Chlum
near
Mladá Boleslav.
The formation of the
Přemyslid
state in the latter half
of the 10th century gave rise to a network of new power centres and the
Pojizeří
region was then
ruled by the
Mladá Boleslav
castle. The
Turnov
region, however, long remained at the margin of
the occupation patterns, with woodland neighbouring the area until the 13th century. Even our
current knowledge of Early Mediaeval occupation does not allow us to specify the nature of the
area.
A new ethnic group, the Slavs, came to the area in the 6th century and, like the first farmers in the
Neolithic, inhabited the fertile meanders of the river
Jizera
(the sites in
Turnov - Maškovy zahrady
and
Přepere).
In the following centuries fortified sites located to the south and east of
Turnov
attained importance, such as
Prachovské skály, Poraň,
Klamorna near
Chvalčovice, Mužský, Hradec
near
Podolí and Chlum
near
Mladá Boleslav.
The formation of the
Přemyslid
state in the latter half
of the 10th century gave rise to a network of new power centres and the
Pojizeří
region was then
ruled by the
Mladá Boleslav
castle. The
Turnov
region, however, long remained at the margin of
the occupation patterns, with woodland neighbouring the area until the 13th century. Even our
current knowledge of Early Mediaeval occupation does not allow us to specify the nature of the
area.
116
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Prostředník, Jan 1968- Šída, Petr 1976- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)141709154 (DE-588)141709200 |
| author_facet | Prostředník, Jan 1968- Šída, Petr 1976- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Prostředník, Jan 1968- |
| author_variant | j p jp p š pš |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036547033 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)705646530 (DE-599)BVBBV036547033 |
| era | Vor- und Frühgeschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Vor- und Frühgeschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Český ráj (Česko) / pravěk czenas Pojizeří (Česko) / pravěk czenas Český ráj (Czech Republic) / prehistory / czenas czenas Pojizeří (Czech Republic) / prehistory / czenas czenas Tschechische Republik Prachovské skály (DE-588)4407918-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Český ráj (Česko) / pravěk Pojizeří (Česko) / pravěk Český ráj (Czech Republic) / prehistory / czenas Pojizeří (Czech Republic) / prehistory / czenas Tschechische Republik Prachovské skály |
| id | DE-604.BV036547033 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-24T00:07:03Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788087416013 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020468683 |
| oclc_num | 705646530 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 123 S. zahl. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Muzeum Českého Ráje v Turnově |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Prostředník, Jan 1968- Šída, Petr 1976- Nejstarší dějiny Českého ráje a horního Pojizeří = Prehistory of Český ráj and the Upper Pojizeří Region Archeologické výzkumy / Česko czenas Archeologické nálezy / Česko czenas Excavations (archaeology) / Czech Republic czenas Antiquities / Czech Republic czenas Funde |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4407918-7 |
| title | Nejstarší dějiny Českého ráje a horního Pojizeří = Prehistory of Český ráj and the Upper Pojizeří Region |
| title_alt | Prehistory of Český ráj and the Upper Pojizeří Region |
| title_auth | Nejstarší dějiny Českého ráje a horního Pojizeří = Prehistory of Český ráj and the Upper Pojizeří Region |
| title_exact_search | Nejstarší dějiny Českého ráje a horního Pojizeří = Prehistory of Český ráj and the Upper Pojizeří Region |
| title_full | Nejstarší dějiny Českého ráje a horního Pojizeří = Prehistory of Český ráj and the Upper Pojizeří Region Jan Prostředník ; Petr Šída |
| title_fullStr | Nejstarší dějiny Českého ráje a horního Pojizeří = Prehistory of Český ráj and the Upper Pojizeří Region Jan Prostředník ; Petr Šída |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nejstarší dějiny Českého ráje a horního Pojizeří = Prehistory of Český ráj and the Upper Pojizeří Region Jan Prostředník ; Petr Šída |
| title_short | Nejstarší dějiny Českého ráje a horního Pojizeří |
| title_sort | nejstarsi dejiny ceskeho raje a horniho pojizeri prehistory of cesky raj and the upper pojizeri region |
| title_sub | = Prehistory of Český ráj and the Upper Pojizeří Region |
| topic | Archeologické výzkumy / Česko czenas Archeologické nálezy / Česko czenas Excavations (archaeology) / Czech Republic czenas Antiquities / Czech Republic czenas Funde |
| topic_facet | Archeologické výzkumy / Česko Archeologické nálezy / Česko Excavations (archaeology) / Czech Republic Antiquities / Czech Republic Funde Český ráj (Česko) / pravěk Pojizeří (Česko) / pravěk Český ráj (Czech Republic) / prehistory / czenas Pojizeří (Czech Republic) / prehistory / czenas Tschechische Republik Prachovské skály |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020468683&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020468683&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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