Severnye rubeži ranneslavjanskogo mira v III - V vv. n. ė.
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| 100 | 1 | |a Lopatin, Nikolaj V. |d 1961- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)140130705 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Severnye rubeži ranneslavjanskogo mira v III - V vv. n. ė. |c N. V. Lopatin, A. G. Furasʹev |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a The northern frontier of the early Slavic world of the 3rd - 5th cent. AD |
| 264 | 1 | |a Moskva |b Inst. Archeologii RAN |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a 251 S. |b zahlr. Ill., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Ranneslavjanskij mir |v 8 | |
| 500 | |a In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The northern frontier of the early Slavic world of the 3rd - 5th cent. AD | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 200-600 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Slawen |0 (DE-588)4077491-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Siedlung |0 (DE-588)4054858-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Kultur |0 (DE-588)4125698-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Funde |0 (DE-588)4071507-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 5 | |a Geschichte 200-600 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Furasʹev, Aleksej Gennadʹevič |d 1971- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)140130756 |4 aut | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Ranneslavjanskij mir |v 8 |w (DE-604)BV011749841 |9 8 | |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018943661&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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| adam_text | 25Ì
Оглавление
Предисловие
.........................................................................................................................................................................5
Глава
1.
История изучения древностей
III-V
вв. н.э. в Верхнем Поднепровье и Подвинье
................................7
1920-е-1930-е годы
................................................................................................................................................7
1960-е-1970-е годы
................................................................................................................................................7
1980-е-2000-егоды
................................................................................................................................................9
Глава
2.
Памятники круга Заозерье-Узмень. Описание культуры
...........................................................................14
1.
Керамика
.............................................................................................................................................................14
Определение понятий
......................................................................................................................................14
Виды и элементы декора
.................................................................................................................................16
Анализ гребенчатых расчесов
.......................................................................................................................17
Стилистические группы лепной керамики
I
тысячелетия н.э. в Днепро-Двинском регионе
...........25
Типология керамики
IÏI-VH
вв. (стилей
V-IX)
..........................................................................30
2.
Памятники
...........................................................................................................................................................49
Открытые поселения
.......................................................................................................................................49
Городища
...........................................................................................................................................................49
Домостроительство
..........................................................................................................................................49
Погребальные памятники
...............................................................................................................................51
3.
Вещевой комплекс
.............................................................................................................................................55
4.
Хронология
.........................................................................................................................................................61
5.
Подходы к подразделению
...............................................................................................................................65
6.
Периодизация и процессы культурогенеза
..................................................................................................68
Основания периодизации
...............................................................................................................................68
Развитие традиций киевской культуры в северной части ее ареала
......................................................70
Начальный период
............................................................................................................................................70
Основной период
................................:............................................................................................................72
Глава
3.
Культурные группы
I
—
III
вв. н.э. и происхождение древностей круга Заозерье-Узмень
.....................75
1.
Поздний этап днепро-двинской культуры
.....................................................................................................75
2.
Памятники типа среднего слоя Тушемли
......................................................................................................79
3.
Происхождение древностей круга Заозерье-Узмень. Их соотношение с местными
древностями предшествующего периода и с киевской культурой
....................................................... 89
Глава
4.
Развитие традиций круга Заозерье-Узмень в третьей четверти
I
тысячелетия н.э
................................92
Заключение. Древности круга Заозерье-Узмень и этногенез славян
....................................................................104
Каталог памятников
.........................................................................................................................................................106
Бассейн р. Великой
...............................................................................................................................................106
Псковско-Смоленская часть бассейнов Западной Двины и Ловати
...........................................................106
Белорусская часть бассейна Западной Двины
..............................................................................................122
Верховья Вилии и Березины
..............................................................................................................................125
Смоленское Поднепровье и Посожье
..............................................................................................................
І27
Оршанское и Могилевское Поднепровье с прилегающими районами
.....................................................128
Подесенье
..............................................................................................................................................................130
Приложение. Н. А. Кирьянова. Находки зерна на селище Ермошино
Ï
.................................................................132
Материалы (таблицы иллюстраций)
.............................................................................................................................133
Литература
........................................................................................................................................................................236
Архивные материалы (отчеты о полевых исследованиях)
.......................................................................................241
Список сокращений
.........................................................................................................................................................242
Указатель к каталогу памятников и материалам
....................................................................................................243
N.
V. Lopatin, A. G.
Furasyev. The northern frontier of the early Slavic world in the
3rd -
5th cc. AD.
Summary
............................................................................................................................................................244
List of captions
..................................................................................................................................................................247
РАННЕСЛАВЯНСКИЙ МИР
N.
V. Lopatin,
A. G.
Furasyev
The northern frontier of the early Slavic world
in the 3rd
-
5th cc. AD
Summary
This book discusses the problems in investigations
of an insufficiently yet studied group of sites defined
around
15
years ago. The sites are denoted as the
sites of the Zaozerye-Uzmen cultural circle , after the
eponymous settlements. The latter represent two most
distinct cultural and chronological groups of the sec¬
ond quarter of the 1st mill. AD located in the West
Dvi¬
na
basin, and in the Dnieper basin within the Smolensk
region. The sites attributed to the group in question
were first discovered in the 1920-s
-
1930-s. Since the
1950-s they were studied by E.A. Schmidt, A.G. Mitro-
fanov, G.V. Shtykhov, and others, and were considered
as an early stage of the Tushemlya-Bantserovshchina
antiquities. The authors of the current book prove an
independent status of this cultural group. Chronologi¬
cally, it precedes both the mentioned culture and the
culture of the Pskov long kurgans.
Characteristic feature uniting the sites of the Zaoz¬
erye-Uzmen type is a stable set of hand-made pottery,
as well as potsherds with comb patterns on the surface.
Despite the proportion of such pottery is insignificant
ranging from separate fragments to
10-15%
of the total,
it represents the most important cultural and chronolog¬
ical indication. The comb patterns are the result of regu¬
lar processing vessels surface with comb-like stamp
with thoroughly worked teeth (Fig.
2, 3).
Special inves¬
tigation of the stamps parameters (teeth and slots
width) has been performed, as well as their comparison
with the antler combs known from the area occupied by
Chernyakhov culture. Distribution of the parameters
(Fig.
4, 5)
evidences that the majority of patterns could
have been made with the provincial Roman antler
combs and their fragments.
The materials related to the Zaozerye-Uzmen cul¬
tural circle are known from a series of different archaeo¬
logical sites: open dwelling sites,
hillforts,
ground cem¬
eteries. Open dwelling sites are most numerous, their
number totals over
50.
These are situated close to wa¬
ter
-
on
lakesides,
very often at the estuaries of small
rivers, or springs. The sites occupy low bank heights,
dune, bedrock banks, and often are located immediately
near the floodplain. The cultural deposit may spread
over the floodplain areas as well. The open dwelling
sites usually occupy an area ranging from
0.7-0.8
to
2.5-3
ha.
Twelve
hillforts
are known (Fig.
24).
Mostly, their
cultural deposits contain materials of the earlier period,
that is, of
Dnieper-Dvina
culture dating from the last
century
ВС
-
first century AD till the early centuries
AD, and fragments of vessels with distinct profile more
typical of the third quarter of the 1st mill. AD. The reviv¬
al of the discussed
hillforts
registered in the mid 1st mill.
AD was probably related to some threat, which forced
local population to move to the fortified shelters.
Basic material obtained by the excavations of the
sites of the Zaozerye-Uzmen type and constituting
their main characteristic feature is hand-made pottery.
The typology of coarse hand-made pottery used in this
research is based on the scheme suggested in the syn¬
thesizing work on Kiev culture
[Терпиловский,
Абашина
1992,
p.
46].
It was extended and modified,
and its final structure is presented in Figs.
11-13.
The studies of specifics of pottery sets from basic
settlements (first of all, correlation of vessels types,
and the modes of their ornamentation) have allowed the
authors to single out four cultural and chronological
types entering the Zaozerye-Uzmen circle.
The Abidnya type. Its typical feature consists in ar¬
chaic types of pottery decoration: incisions, fingernail
impressions on the rim, sometimes hatched surface.
The set comprises pottery of types
1, 2,
and
R
(ribbed)
1,
table vessels, and a limited quantity of pottery of dif¬
ferent types as well, including type
7.
Pottery with
comb patterns in the majority of cases makes up ca.
ΙΟ¬
Ι
5%.
The sites of the
Dvina
basin attributed to the
Abidnya group are distinguished by a higher rate of
pottery of type
7.
The chronology of the group is based, first of all, on
the chronological reference points provided by the
model settlements (such as Abidnya and the lower hori¬
zon of the Taimanovo settlement) attributed to the early
stage of Kiev culture. From the sites situated in the
West
Dvina
basin separate finds with reliable chronolo¬
gy are known: those related to the barbaric enamels,
and a spiral-like glass bead. These finds, together with
the unified pottery set confirm that the sites are coeval
with the mentioned settlements of South-eastern
Byelorussia, at least within the framework of the main
and final stages of the latter s functioning, that is, the
mid 3rd-early 4th cc.
The Zaozerye type. Against the background of a lim¬
ited number of determined pottery shapes, in the major¬
ity of collections types
1,2, 3,4, 7,
R-l are met with reg¬
ularly. The archaic ornamental elements (hatching, inci¬
sions, finger imprints on the rim) have ceased, while
fragments with comb patterns, including those forming
Summary
245
rhomboid compositions are regularly present. Pottery
sets from some dwelling sites are distinguished by a
significant proportion of pottery types
3
and
4.
These
types are typical, first of all, of the Desna variant of
Kiev culture, which points to mixed traditions, and
gives grounds to consider the discussed group of sites
somewhat later than the Abidnya type, both typologi-
cally and chronologically. The said is confirmed by the
finds with reliable chronology from the sites investigat¬
ed in Smolensk region falling within the late 3rd
-
4th cc,
in particular brooches of the Chernyakhov type, and
the finds related to the barbaric enamels.
The analysis of pottery set clearly evidences the ge¬
netic continuity of the discussed materials with the
Abidnya type, with some participation of the traditions
of the Desna variant of Kiev culture and the local
Dnieper-Dvina
culture.
Certain autonomy within the framework of the Zaoz-
erye type show the Dedilovichi, Gorodishche, and Kazi-
novo sites. They are distinguished by low share of
comb-pattern pottery, and presence of types
8
and
9.
It
may be supposed that the special position of these
sites is related to their relatively late chronology (most
probably, they date from the 5th a), as well as their
transitional character to the antiquities of the next peri¬
od, that is, the Bantserovshchina type.
The Uzmen
type. The most numerous types of pot¬
tery are
2,3,4,9,11,
while types
1, 7, 8,
R-
1,
R-4 play a
limited role. At the Uzmen settlement a significant se¬
ries of pottery of better workmanship was registered.
Comb-pattern pottery makes up a limited proportion, ty-
pologically determined items are very rare. Three sites
are characterized by a local tradition of adding to the
potter s paste not only crushed flint, but non-crushed
gravel, and crushed bog iron ore (Uzmen , Froly, Ka-
mennaya Lava).
The chronology of sites is based on a series of ra¬
diocarbon dates obtained from settlements Froly and
Yermoshino. AH the dates (pp.
111, 117)
fall within the
interval from mid 3rd to the 5th cc. Finds with reliable
chronology are not numerous, they represent mostly
the late period
-
the second part of the 4th
-
5th cc;
anyway, the earliest sites of the Uzmen type emerged
somewhat earlier, which is confirmed by
stratigraphie
observations.
The Desna variant of Kiev culture. The leading com¬
ponents of the pottery set are types
3
and
4.
Types
1, 2,
R-2 and R-3, as well as table pottery are also very typical,
but are not present at all sites. At some sites no comb-
pattern pottery was registered (Kislye, SIoboda-Glushit-
sa). The potter s paste of vessels from the Sloboda-
Glushitsa open site regularly contain the grog (crushed
sherd) admixture, generally very rare in the discussed re¬
gion, but typical of the Desna basin. To the group in
question the sites of the Demidovka hillfort type are at¬
tributed, though they show certain specific features. The
latter consists in mass use of big vessels of improved
workmanship attributed to types R-2 and R-3. Finds with
reliable chronology are especially numerous in Demidov¬
ka (the objects of weaponry and belt-fittings of the Hun
time); they suggest the chronology of the second part of
the 4th
с
and the whole 5th
с
All four described cultural and chronological
groups occupy separate areas, which can be seen from
the map (Fig.
31).
Spreading of the types of the Abidn¬
ya type indicates the movement of this group from
South-eastern Byelorussia to the north, and, probably,
points to the region covered by the initial colonization
on the middle reaches of the West
Dvina.
The sites at¬
tributed to the Zaozerye and Uzmen types occupy dif¬
ferent areas within the discussed region: the former are
spread in its western (from the Upper Viliya to the Up¬
per reaches of the Velikaya River) and southern part,
while the latter
-
in the north-eastern part (as far as the
Upper
Lovat ).
The sites of the Desna variant concen¬
trate in the south-eastern part of the region.
The remains of dwellings and household construc¬
tions were traced at many sites of the Zaozerye-Uzmen
circle. Numerous constructions (over
100)
have been
investigated, though mostly they are known from two
settlements only
-
Gorodishche and Dedilovichi dating
back from the late period. As for the other sites, the
number of houses did not exceed three
-
four ones at a
site. All constructions are divided into three main
types:
1.
Ground dwellings with hearths, and the walls
built of vertical posts: A
-
long multichamber ones
(Mikulino?), and
В
-
not large rectangular ones
(Kislye).
2.
Rectangular houses consisting of one cham¬
ber each, with sunken bottoms; almost all of them were
built of horizontally laid logs and furnished with
hearths (Yermoshino, Nekasetsk), or stone oven (Goro¬
dishche, Dedilovichi).
3.
Constructions with sunken
bottoms built of horizontal logs, with bath-like foun¬
dation trenches (Yermoshino, Kistye, Zaozerye, Kupri-
no).
The second type of constructions dominates; in the
period under discussion they formed a specific feature
of the house-building tradition of Kiev culture. In the
later period they entered the ethnographic tradition of
the early Slavic cultural complex.
With the antiquities of the Zaozerye-Uzmen circle
two ground cemeteries are related: Uzmen and Froly.
The both date to the late period
-
the 4th
-
the 5 th cc.
The burial rite is represented by cremations; the
charred bones were collected from the fire and placed in
ground pits of rounded shape,
20-50
cm in diameter.
Single burials were performed in vessels. The burials
infill mostly includes the remains of fire (charcoals and
cinders), and small fragments of hand-made pottery.
Grave goods are extremely poor: small fragments of
bronze artefacts deformed by fire, glass beads, spindle-
whorls. This burial tradition appears in the
Dvina
basin
in already developed state, together with the newcom¬
ers from the areas situated farther south.
The repertoire of tools, utensils, and set of most
widely spread ornaments known from the sites of the
Zaozerye-Uzmen circle form a stable complex with defi¬
nite combination of types and categories of artefacts
Summary
РАННЕСЛАВЯНСКИЙ МИР·
8
represented at a series of sites. Therefore it may be
viewed as one of indications pointing to the sites cul¬
tural attribution. The complex comprises: knives; sick¬
les, both with bent butt and without it; plate iron-steels;
razors; spindle-whorls of double-cone shape; spherical
net-weights; some types of ornaments (wire temporal
rings; iron pins with bent upper part; the finds related
to the East European barbaric enamels; rare imports of
the Chernyakhov-type
-
beads and brooches).
In the investigation the most close interrelation of
the antiquities entering the Zaozerye-Uzmen circle
with Kiev archaeological culture is shown. Their interre¬
lation can be seen in all categories of archaeological
materials, such as: pottery, house-building, material
finds, burial rite. The detailed investigation of the cul¬
ture and chronology of the discussed group proves
that the antiquities of the Zaozerye-Uzmen type are
not a second-rank manifestation of the influence exert¬
ed by Kiev culture. The groups under discussion had
emerged in the
Dvina
basin practically at the same time
as the Kiev antiquities in the Desna and the Upper
Dnieper regions, and should be considered as a sepa¬
rate West
Dvina
variant of Kiev culture (or cultural and
historical entity).
The discussed materials allow us to put forward the
conclusion to the effect that, starting from the second
part of the 3rd c. AD we deal with the process of regular
penetration of the Kiev cultural traditions from the Des¬
na basin and the Upper Dnieper northward
-
to the
West
Dvina
region. The process was related not to
ousting out, or disappearance of the aboriginal popula¬
tion that had settled in the territory under study, but to
a gradual decline of local traditions. Probably, the social
and demographic grounds for spreading Kiev culture
northward were very significant.
On the early stage (the second part of the 3rd c.) the
decisive role in spreading the cultural traditions in
northerly direction was played by the population of the
Upper Dnieper region identified with the sites of the
Abidnya type. But already at the turn of the 3rd and the
4th cc. the influence of the Desna pottery tradition can
be traced; at the sites of the Zaozerye type
-
to a less¬
er, at those of the Uzmen type
-
to a greater extent.
The penetration of the bearers of the Desna variant of
Kiev culture to the Upper Dnieper was a flow within a
more wide-scale migration process. Apparently, it de¬
veloped parallel to the colonization of the Desna basin
itself. In the Dnieper basin within the territory of
Byelorussia this had resulted in the change of cultural
tradition (represented by the second horizon of the
Taimanovo settlement). This process stimulated migra¬
tion of the population from the Upper Dnieper north¬
ward, to the
Dvina
basin, which had resulted in forma¬
tion there of the sites with the mixed Desna
-
Upper
Dnieper pottery set in the early 4th
с
We cannot ex¬
clude that the process of mixing of these traditions had
begun even before the migrants entirely settled down
on the West
Dvina,
and in the Dnieper basin in the
Smolensk region.
The late stage (the late 4th
-
5lh cc.) is marked by
clear domination of traditions of the Desna variant of
Kiev culture in the investigated region. Nonetheless,
even in that time at some sites certain features of pot¬
tery typical of the Abidnya type survived; then they
continued their development in the third quarter of the
1st mill. AD (the Zhabino hillfort, the Pskov long kur-
gans).
In the Upper Dnieper region and farther to the north
there are known the materials interpreted as the contin¬
uation of the antiquities of the Zaozerye-Uzmen circle
and dating from the later period of the 5th
-
8lh cc.
These are represented by the materials of the Tushem-
lya, Kolochin, and Bantserovshchina type, as well as
the Pskov long kurgans.
The problem of ethnic attribution of the Kiev culture
bearers was discussed more than once in archaeologi¬
cal literature. The authors of this book share the opin¬
ion on the Slavic origin of the discussed tribes with
P.N. Tretyakov, E.A. Goryunov, R.V. Terpilovsky, and
A.M. Oblomsky. Recently more and more grounded be¬
comes the view that the majority of ancient groups
identified both with the Slavs in the ancient authors
writings, and the population of the early Slavic states
developed from, or with participation of the Kiev cultur¬
al entity. Thus the antiquities of the Zaozerye-Uzmen
circle are considered as a chain linking the early Slavic
antiquities of the Middle and Upper Dnieper with the ar¬
chaeological cultures of the Northern Slavs.
Translated by L.I. Avilova
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Lopatin, Nikolaj V. 1961- Furasʹev, Aleksej Gennadʹevič 1971- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)140130705 (DE-588)140130756 |
| author_facet | Lopatin, Nikolaj V. 1961- Furasʹev, Aleksej Gennadʹevič 1971- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Lopatin, Nikolaj V. 1961- |
| author_variant | n v l nv nvl a g f ag agf |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036052008 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)644001192 (DE-599)BVBBV036052008 |
| era | Geschichte 200-600 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 200-600 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Nördliche Dwina Region (DE-588)4757404-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Nördliche Dwina Region |
| id | DE-604.BV036052008 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-02-03T17:41:49Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9785943750571 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018943661 |
| oclc_num | 644001192 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | 251 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Inst. Archeologii RAN |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Ranneslavjanskij mir |
| series2 | Ranneslavjanskij mir |
| spellingShingle | Lopatin, Nikolaj V. 1961- Furasʹev, Aleksej Gennadʹevič 1971- Severnye rubeži ranneslavjanskogo mira v III - V vv. n. ė. Ranneslavjanskij mir Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Slawen (DE-588)4077491-0 gnd Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4077491-0 (DE-588)4054858-2 (DE-588)4125698-0 (DE-588)4757404-5 |
| title | Severnye rubeži ranneslavjanskogo mira v III - V vv. n. ė. |
| title_alt | The northern frontier of the early Slavic world of the 3rd - 5th cent. AD |
| title_auth | Severnye rubeži ranneslavjanskogo mira v III - V vv. n. ė. |
| title_exact_search | Severnye rubeži ranneslavjanskogo mira v III - V vv. n. ė. |
| title_full | Severnye rubeži ranneslavjanskogo mira v III - V vv. n. ė. N. V. Lopatin, A. G. Furasʹev |
| title_fullStr | Severnye rubeži ranneslavjanskogo mira v III - V vv. n. ė. N. V. Lopatin, A. G. Furasʹev |
| title_full_unstemmed | Severnye rubeži ranneslavjanskogo mira v III - V vv. n. ė. N. V. Lopatin, A. G. Furasʹev |
| title_short | Severnye rubeži ranneslavjanskogo mira v III - V vv. n. ė. |
| title_sort | severnye rubezi ranneslavjanskogo mira v iii v vv n e |
| topic | Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Slawen (DE-588)4077491-0 gnd Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Funde Slawen Siedlung Kultur Nördliche Dwina Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018943661&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018943661&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV011749841 |
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