Duplex stainless steels
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| 008 | 100202s2009 xxkad|| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 010 | |a 2009026201 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781848211377 |c hbk. |9 978-1-84821-137-7 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)427438273 | ||
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Duplex stainless steels |c ed. by Iris Alvarez-Armas ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a London |b ISTE |c 2009 | |
| 264 | 1 | |a Hoboken, NJ |b Wiley | |
| 300 | |a XV, 437 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Duplex stainless steel | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Nicht rostender Stahl |0 (DE-588)4126143-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Nicht rostender Stahl |0 (DE-588)4126143-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Alvarez-Armas, Iris |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819726070883024896 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Table
of
Contents
Preface
........................................... xiii
Chapter
1.
Process: Hot Workability
........................ 1
Isabel GUTIERREZ and Amaia IZA-MENDIA
1.1.
Introduction
.................................... 1
1.2.
As-cast
microstructure
............................. 1
1.3.
Microstructural
evolution during hot working
............... 4
1.3.1.
Changes in morphology and distribution of the dispersed
γ
phase
....................................... 6
1.3.2.
Plastic deformation
............................. 7
1.3.3.
Rotation
................................... 11
1.3.4.
Interphase
boundary sliding
........................ 12
1.3.5.
Shear banding
................................ 14
1.3.6.
Fragmentation
................................ 15
1.4.
Mechanical behavior under hot working
................... 16
1.4.1.
Constitutive equations
........................... 17
1.4.2.
Fraction of phases and strength ratio
.................. 18
1.4.3.
Composition and element partitioning
................. 19
1.4.4.
The two-phase rule
............................. 21
1.4.5.
Strain partitioning
.............................. 22
1.4.6.
Deformation mode and phase morphology
............... 25
1.4.7.
Axially oriented
microstructures
deformed in pure shear
...... 26
1.5.
Static softening
.................................. 28
1.6.
Hot workability
................................. 31
1.6.1.
Effect of composition
........................... 32
1.6.2.
As-cast
microstructures
.......................... 33
1.6.3.
Hot ductility
................................. 34
1.6.4.
Sources of failure
.............................. 35
vi Duplex
Stainless Steels
1.6.5.
Multipass sequences
............................ 38
1.7.
Conclusions
.................................... 39
1.8.
Acknowledgments
................................ 39
1.9.
References
.................................... 39
Chapter
2.
Corrosion Resistance Properties
.................... 47
Jacques CHARLES
2.1.
Introduction
.................................... 47
2.2.
The duplex grades and pitting resistance equivalent numbers
...... 48
2.2.1.
Chemistry of some of the main commercialized duplex grades.
. . 48
2.2.2.
The specific case of nitrogen
....................... 49
2.3.
Some fundamentals concerning stainless steel corrosion resistance.
. . 50
2.3.1.
General considerations
........................... 50
2.3.2.
Some definitions
.............................. 51
2.3.3.
Parameters affecting the corrosion resistance of duplex grades.
. . 54
2.4.
The different forms of corrosion
....................... 60
2.4.1.
General considerations
........................... 60
2.4.2.
General corrosion
.............................. 61
2.4.3.
Pitting and crevice
............................. 74
2.4.4.
IGC
...................................... 88
2.4.5.
SCC
...................................... 91
2.4.6.
Fatigue and corrosion fatigue
....................... 97
2.5.
Some complex corrosion behaviors encountered in industrial
applications
...................................... 100
2.5.1.
Marine environments and seawater applications
........... 100
2.5.2.
Thermal desalination plants
........................ 102
2.5.3.
Industrial experiences with severe chloride-containing
environments
.................................... 104
2.5.4.
Oil and gas industry
............................ 105
2.5.5.
Flue gas desulferization (FGD) pollution-control equipment
of coal thermal plants
............................... 106
2.5.6.
Some other industrial applications
.................... 109
2.5.7.
Building and construction
......................... 110
2.6.
Conclusions
....................................
Ill
2.7.
References
....................................
Ill
Chapter
3.
Phase Transformation and
Microstructure
............. 115
Angelo
Fernando PADILHA and Ronald Lesley PLAUT
3.1.
Introduction
.................................... 115
3.2.
Phase diagrams and typical phases
...................... 117
3.3.
Solidification
................................... 120
3.4.
Austenite precipitation
............................. 121
Table
of
Contents
vii
3.5. Phase
changes occurring below l,000°C
.................. 123
3.5.1.
Chromium carbide (M23C6) precipitation
................ 124
3.5.2.
Chromium nitride (C^N) precipitation
................. 125
3.5.3. Chiphase
(χ)
precipitation
........................ 126
3.5.4.
Sigma phase
(σ)
precipitation
....................... 126
3.5.5.
Alpha prime (a ) formation
........................ 130
3.6.
Cold working and annealing
.......................... 132
3.7.
Final remarks
................................... 134
3.8.
References
.................................... 135
Chapter
4.
Welding Processes,
Microstructural
Evolution and Final
Properties of Duplex and
Superduplex
Stainless Steels
............. 141
Franco BONOLLO, Alberto TIZIANI and Paolo
FERRO
4.1.
Introduction
.................................... 141
4.2.
б
-ferrite
—»
austenite transformation
..................... 142
4.3.
Secondary and intermetallic phases precipitation during welding
processes
........................................ 145
4.4.
Welding processes for DSS and SDSS
.................... 147
4.4.1.
Conventional arc welding processes
................... 148
4.4.2.
Innovative high power density processes
................ 150
4.5.
Final remarks
................................... 155
4.6.
References
.................................... 155
Chapter
5.
Thermal Embrittlement of Cast Duplex Stainless Steels:
Observations and Modeling
.............................. 161
André PINEAU
and Jacques BESSON
5.1.
Introduction
.................................... 161
5.2.
Composition, elaboration,
microstructure,
and mechanical
properties
........................................ 163
5.2.1.
Influence of chemical composition
................... 163
5.2.2.
Solidification of DSS
............................ 165
5.2.3.
Microstructure
of cast CF8M DSS
.................... 167
5.2.4.
Mechanical properties of DSS
...................... 169
5.3.
Thermal embrittlement of the
ferrite
phase in DSS
............ 170
5.3.1.
Binary Fe-Cr stainless steels
....................... 170
5.3.2.
DSS:
α/α
demixtion, phase
G
and other precipitation
reactions
....................................... 173
5.3.3.
DSS: consequences of thermal aging on mechanical
properties
...................................... 176
5.4.
Materials investigated and embrittlement heat treatments
........ 181
5.4.1.
Materials
-
heat treatments
........................ 181
5.4.2.
Mechanical properties
........................... 183
viii Duplex
Stainless Steels
5.5.
Damage and rapture
............................... 186
5.6.
Scale effect and scatter
............................. 189
5.7.
Modeling of rapture
............................... 192
5.7.1.
Constitutive equations
........................... 192
5.7.2.
Modeling of material heterogenities
................... 195
5.7.3.
Role of heterogenities
........................... 195
5.7.4.
Modeling size effect
............................ 196
5.7.5.
Comparison with experimental results
................. 197
5.8.
Conclusion
.................................... 201
5.9.
References
.................................... 201
Chapter
6.
Low-Cycle Fatigue at Room Temperature
............. 209
Iris ALVAREZ-ARMAS
6.1.
Introduction
.................................... 209
6.2.
Cyclic hardening/softening process
...................... 210
6.2.1.
Basic characteristics of cyclic deformation
............... 210
6.2.2.
Analysis and presentation of results
................... 211
6.3.
Uniaxial
cyclic plasticity in DSSs
....................... 219
6.3.1.
First generation: low-nitrogen DSS
................... 220
6.3.2.
Second generation: standard and high-alloyed DSS
......... 223
6.3.3.
Third generation:
superduplex
...................... 225
6.3.4.
Role of nitrogen alloying in DSS
..................... 229
6.3.5.
Behavior of the friction stress during cycling and its influence
on the cyclic softening
............................... 234
6.4.
Final remarks
................................... 236
6.5.
Acknowledgments
................................ 237
6.6.
References
.................................... 237
Chapter
7. Multiaxial
Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior at Room
Temperature
....................................... 241
Suzanne DEGALLAIX-MOREUIL
7.1.
Introduction
.................................... 241
7.2. Multiaxial LCF -
introduction
......................... 242
7.2.1. Multiaxial LCF:
specimens and tests
.................. 242
7.2.2.
Definitions
.................................. 243
7.2.3.
Study procedure
............................... 245
7.2.4. Multiaxial LCF
lives
............................ 245
7.2.5.
Presentation of the results
......................... 246
7.2.6.
History effect
................................ 246
7.2.7.
Ratcheting behavior
............................ 246
7.3.
Biaxial LCF ofa DSS type
25-07....................... 248
7.3.1.
Introduction
................................. 248
Table
of
Contents ix
7.3.2. Material,
specimens, and testing equipment
.............. 248
7.3.3.
LCF test conditions
............................. 251
7.3.4. Multiaxial
cyclic behavior
......................... 253
7.3.5. Multiaxial LCF
lives
............................ 260
7.3.6.
Ratcheting behavior
............................ 261
7.3.7.
Microstructural evolutions in
multiaxial LCF............. 264
7.4.
Conclusions
.................................... 270
7.5.
Acknowledgments
................................ 270
7.6.
References
.................................... 270
Chapter
8.
Partition of Cyclic Plasticity in the ISCr-TNWUSN Duplex
Stainless Steel Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy
........... 275
Jean-Bernard
VOGT,
Daniel SALAZAR and
Ingrid PRORIOL
SERRE
8.1.
Introduction
.................................... 275
8.2.
Material
...................................... 277
8.3.
Experimental procedure
............................ 278
8.3.1.
Fatigue testing
................................ 278
8.3.2.
AFM
..................................... 279
8.3.3. SEM...................................... 280
8.4.
Cyclic behavior at a low strain range
..................... 280
8.4.1.
Methodology
................................ 280
8.4.2.
Qualitative analysis of the surface relief after fatigue
........ 281
8.4.3.
Influence of heat treatment on the population of austenite
grains involved in the plastic activity
...................... 283
8.4.4.
Estimation of the irreversible plastic deformation from AFM
measurements
.................................... 285
8.4.5.
Concluding remark
............................. 289
8.5.
Cyclic behavior at a high strain range
.................... 289
8.5.1.
Identification of slip markings
...................... 289
8.5.2.
Relief evolution with cycling
....................... 292
8.5.3.
Role of crystallographic parameters
................... 296
8.5.4.
Role of phase distribution on plasticity activity of the
ferrite
.... 298
8.5.5.
Concluding remarks
............................ 300
8.6.
Conclusions
.................................... 300
8.7.
References
.................................... 300
Chapter
9.
Macro- and Micromodeling of the
Monotonie
and Cyclic
Mechanical Behavior of a Forged DSS
....................... 303
Véronique AUBIN
and Pierre
EVRARD
9.1.
Introduction
.................................... 303
9.2.
Macroscopic modeling of the mechanical behavior
............ 304
9.2.1.
Thermodynamic frame
........................... 304
x
Duplex
Stainless Steels
9.2.2.
General formulation of constitutive laws for the description
ofelasto-plastic mechanical behavior
...................... 305
9.2.3.
Basis model
................................. 307
9.2.4.
Modeling of the over-hardening
..................... 313
9.2.5.
Conclusion
.................................. 318
9.3.
Micromechanical modeling
.......................... 318
9.3.1.
Introduction
................................. 318
9.3.2.
Representation of the material
...................... 319
9.3.3.
Localization step
.............................. 321
9.3.4.
Grain constitutive law
........................... 322
9.3.5.
Homogenization step
............................ 324
9.3.6.
Identification of model parameters
.................... 324
9.3.7.
Bi-phased polycrystalline model validation
.............. 326
9.3.8.
Modeling of the cyclic softening
..................... 329
9.3.9.
Conclusion
.................................. 332
9.4.
General conclusion
............................... 332
9.5.
References
.................................... 334
Chapter
10.
Low-Cycle
Fatigue
at Intermediate Temperatures
....... 339
Alberto F. ARMAS
10.1.
Introduction
................................... 339
10.2.
Materials studied
................................ 342
10.3.
UNS S32900
DSS
............................... 345
10.3.1.
Unaged (as-received) steel
........................ 345
10.3.2.
Aged steel
................................. 349
10.4.
UNS S32750
SDSS
.............................. 352
10.4.1.
Unaged steel
................................ 352
10.4.2.
Aged SDSS
................................. 355
10.5.
Temperature influence on the fatigue life
................. 361
10.6.
Final remarks
.................................. 363
10.7.
Acknowledgments
............................... 364
10.8.
References
.................................... 364
Chapter
11.
Industrial Processing and Fatigue Response of DSSs
...... 367
NuriAKDUT
11.1.
Introduction
................................... 367
11.2.
Morphological aspects
............................ 369
11.3.
The role of morphological texture on the fatigue response
....... 372
11.3.1.
The role of the fatigue axis direction
.................. 372
11.3.2.
The role of the morphological texture and scale
........... 373
11.4.
The role of nitrogen-content on the fatigue response of DSSs
..... 375
11.4.1.
Nitrogen and its effect on the SFE in the austenite
......... 379
Table
of
Contents xi
11.4.2.
The effect of nitrogen on the fatigue lives of DSSs
......... 381
11.5.
Cyclic plasticity and fatigue of nitrogen-alloyed DSSs
-
effects
of cyclic softening
.................................. 383
11.5.1.
Plastic strain-controlled cyclic deformation
............. 385
11.5.2.
The effect of the cyclic deformation mode and nitrogen-
content on cyclic softening
............................ 387
11.5.3.
Cyclic stress-strain response of DSSs
................. 390
11.5.4.
Fatigue lives of DSSs as a function of phase morphology
and nitrogen content
................................ 392
11.6.
Summary and conclusions
.......................... 395
11.7.
References
.................................... 396
Chapter
12.
Applications
................................ 403
Mats
LILJAS
and
Fredrik SJÖHOLM
12.1.
Introduction
................................... 403
12.2.
Historical review
................................ 404
12.3.
Current (modern) DSS grades
........................ 408
12.4.
Modern applications
.............................. 409
12.4.1.
Oil and gas
................................. 410
12.4.2.
Pulp and paper
............................... 412
12.4.3.
Desalination
................................ 414
12.4.4.
Transport
.................................. 416
12.4.5.
Storage tanks
................................ 417
12.4.6.
Hydrometallurgy
............................. 418
12.4.7.
Pollution control/flue gas cleaning
................... 419
12.4.8.
Construction
................................ 420
12.4.9.
Hot-water boilers
............................. 421
12.5.
Conclusions
................................... 422
12.6.
References
.................................... 422
Appendix
.......................................... 425
List of Authors
...................................... 429
Index
............................................ 433
Duplex
Stainless Steels (DSSs) are chromium-nickel-molybdenunn-iron
alloys that are usually created in proportions optimized for equalizing
the volume fractions of austenite and
ferrite
crystalline components.
Due to their ferritic-austenitic
microstructure,
they possess a higher
mechanical strength and a better corrosion resistance than standard
austenitic steels. This type of steel has seen rapid increases in its
application and market share due to its superior properties and
relatively low cost.
This book reviews the progress that has been made in the last
10
years
in the areas of
microstructure,
corrosion resistance and mechanical
properties, as well as applications, because of the development of new
steel grades. Special attention is given to fatigue and fracture behavior,
and to theoretical models of mechanical behavior. Each topic is
addressed in chapters written by recognized experts from the
international industrial and scientific communities.
The use of duplex stainless steels has grown rapidly in the last
10
years,
particularly in the oil and gas industry, chemical tankers, pulp and paper
manufacturing, as well as in the chemical industry. In all these
application areas, considerations such as weldability, corrosion
resistance and mechanical strength properties (mainly in the fatigue
domain) are crucial. The new information on welding and corrosion
properties and the introduction of topics like texture effects, fatigue and
fracture strength properties, and mechanical behavior modeling thus
make this book especially important for researchers, designers, and
engineers working in all these fields.
Iris Alvarez-Armas is Director of Research at the
Instituto de Física
Rosario,
Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina.
Suzanne Degallaix-Moreuil
is Professor at the
Laboratoire de
Mécanique de Lille, Ecole Centrale de Lille, France.
№
WILEY
www.iste.co.uk
781848
211377
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035990703 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TN757 |
| callnumber-raw | TN757.C5 |
| callnumber-search | TN757.C5 |
| callnumber-sort | TN 3757 C5 |
| callnumber-subject | TN - Mining Engineering and Metallurgy |
| classification_rvk | UQ 8050 ZM 4550 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)427438273 (DE-599)BVBBV035990703 |
| dewey-full | 672 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 672 - Iron, steel, other iron alloys |
| dewey-raw | 672 |
| dewey-search | 672 |
| dewey-sort | 3672 |
| dewey-tens | 670 - Manufacturing |
| discipline | Physik Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV035990703 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-23T22:56:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781848211377 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2009026201 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018883407 |
| oclc_num | 427438273 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-92 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-92 |
| physical | XV, 437 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | ISTE Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Duplex stainless steels Duplex stainless steel Nicht rostender Stahl (DE-588)4126143-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4126143-4 |
| title | Duplex stainless steels |
| title_auth | Duplex stainless steels |
| title_exact_search | Duplex stainless steels |
| title_full | Duplex stainless steels ed. by Iris Alvarez-Armas ... |
| title_fullStr | Duplex stainless steels ed. by Iris Alvarez-Armas ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Duplex stainless steels ed. by Iris Alvarez-Armas ... |
| title_short | Duplex stainless steels |
| title_sort | duplex stainless steels |
| topic | Duplex stainless steel Nicht rostender Stahl (DE-588)4126143-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Duplex stainless steel Nicht rostender Stahl |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018883407&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018883407&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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