UCITS and taxation towards harmonization of the taxation of UCITS

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1. Verfasser: Adema, Raymond (VerfasserIn)
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Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Alphen aan de Rijn [u.a.] Kluwer Law International [u.a.] 2009
Schriftenreihe:EUCOTAX series on European taxation 25
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adam_text KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL EUCOTAX SERIES ON EUROPEAN TAXATION UCITS AND TAXATION TOWARDS HARMONIZATION OF THE TAXATION OF UCITS RAYMOND ADEMA * FTJ I WOLTERS KLUWER LAW & BUSINESS AUSTIN BOSTON CHICAGO NEW YORK THE NETHERLANDS TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE XXIII LIST OF STATUTES XXV INTRODUCTION XXXI PARTI INTRODUCTION OF THE CONCEPT AND THE TAXATION OF UNDERTAKINGS FOR COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT IN TRANSFERABLE SECURITIES 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OF THE CONCEPT OF UNDERTAKINGS FOR COLLECTIVE | INVESTMENT IN TRANSFERABLE SECURITIES 3 1.1. INTRODUCTION 4 1.2. UCITS DIRECTIVE 5 1.2.1. THE AIM OF THE UCITS DIRECTIVE 5 1.2.2. CONCEPT OF A UCITS 6 1.2.3. INVESTMENT POLICY OF UCITS 7 1.2.3.1. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS 7 1.2.3.2. CLASSES OF UCITS 8 1.2.4. LEGAL STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF UCITS 12 1.2.4.1. LEGAL STRUCTURE OF UCITS 12 1.2.4.2. ORGANIZATION OF UCITS 13 1.3. CROSS-BORDER TRADING IN THE UNITS OF UCITS 14 VI TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION OF THE TAXATION OF UNDERTAKINGS FOR COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT IN TRANSFERABLE SECURITIES 17 2.1. INTRODUCTION 18 2.1.1. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS 19 2.2. CONCEPT OF TRANSPARENCY 20 2.2.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 21 2.2.1.1. TAX STATUS 21 2.2.1.2. NATURE AND SOURCE OF INCOME 21 2.2.1.3. RECOGNITION OF INCOME 21 2.2.1.4. DEDUCTION AND CREDITING OF WITHHOLDING TAX 22 2.2.2. INVESTING BY WAY OF UCITS 23 2.2.2.1. EXEMPT CORPORATE UNITHOLDER 24 2.2.2.2. INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE UNITHOLDERS 25 2.2.2.3. CONCEPT OF TRANSPARENCY BY CROSS-BORDER TRADING 25 2.3. THE TAXATION OF UCITS 26 2.3.1. THE TAX STATUS OF A CORPORATE UCITS 26 2.3.1.1. SUBJECTIVELY EXEMPT 27 2.3.1.2. REDUCED TAX BASE 27 2.3.1.3. REDUCED TAX RATE 28 2.3.1.4. FULLY LIABLE TO TAX 28 2.3.2. THE TAX STATUS OF A CONTRACTUAL UCITS 28 2.3.3. THE TAX STATUS OF A UNIT TRUST UCITS 29 2.4. TAXATION AND CREDITING OF WITHHOLDING TAX 30 2.4.1. DOMESTIC WITHHOLDING TAX 32 2.4.1.1. CREDITING OF DOMESTIC WITHHOLDING TAX 32 2.4.2. FOREIGN WITHHOLDING TAX 33 2.4.2.1. LEVYING OF FOREIGN WITHHOLDING TAX 33 2.4.2.2. CREDITING OF FOREIGN WITHHOLDING TAX 39 2.5. RECOGNITION OF INCOME 41 2.6. NATURE AND SOURCE OF INCOME 42 2.7. CONCLUSION 43 PART II TAXATION OF THE INCOME AT SOURCE 45 CHAPTER 3 TAXATION OF INCOME FROM THE UNDERLYING INVESTMENTS IN THE SOURCE STATE 47 3.1. INTRODUCTION 49 3.2. TAX LIABILITY AT SOURCE OF INCOME FROM THE INVESTMENTS SITUATED IN THE UCITS COUNTRY 49 TABLE OF CONTENTS VII 3.2.1. AUSTRIAN SOURCE TAXATION 51 3.2.1.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 51 3.2.1.2. INVESTING BY WAY OF AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 53 3.2.2. GERMAN SOURCE TAXATION 54 3.2.2.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 54 3.2.2.2. INVESTING BY WAY OF GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 55 3.2.3. NETHERLANDS SOURCE TAXATION 56 3.2.3.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 56 3.2.3.2. INVESTING BY WAY OF NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS 57 3.2.4. UK SOURCE TAXATION 58 3.2.4.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 58 3.2.4.2. INVESTING BY WAY OF UK-RESIDENT UCITS 60 3.2.5. CONCLUSION 61 3.3. TAX LIABILITY AT SOURCE OF THE INCOME FROM THE INVESTMENTS SITUATED OUTSIDE THE UCITS COUNTRY 62 3.3.1. THE APPLICATION OF TAX TREATIES 62 3.3.1.1. INDIVIDUALS AND CORPORATE ENTITIES 62 3.3.1.2. PENSION FUNDS AND CHARITIES 63 3.3.1.3. BENEFICIAL OWNER 64 3.3.1.4. PROCEDURE TO CLAIM THE BENEFITS OF A TAX TREATY 65 3.3.1.5. REFUND PROCEDURE 65 3.3.1.6. AT SOURCE RELIEF PROCEDURE I 65 3.3.2. AUSTRIAN TAX TREATY NETWORK 66 3.3.2.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 66 3.3.2 2. INVESTING BY WAY OF AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 91 3.3.3. GERMAN TAX TREATY NETWORK 95 3.3.3.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 95 3.3.3.2. INVESTING BY WAY OF GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 128 3.3.4. NETHERLANDS TAX TREATY NETWORK 129 3.3.4.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 129 3.3.4.2. INVESTING BY WAY OF NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS 158 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.3.5. UK TAX TREATY NETWORK 173 3.3.5.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 173 3.3.5.2. INVESTING BY WAY OF UK-RESIDENT UCITS 212 3.3.6. CONCLUSION 213 CHAPTER 4 COMPARISON OF THE SOURCE TAXATION OF INCOME DERIVED BY WAY OF AUSTRIAN, GERMAN, NETHERLANDS, AND UNITED KINGDOM - RESIDENT UNDERTAKINGS FOR COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT IN TRANSFERABLE SECURITIES 215 4.1. INTRODUCTION 216 4.2. COMPARISON OF THE SOURCE TAXATION OF INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS SITUATED WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF AUSTRIA, GERMANY, THE NETHERLANDS, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM 217 4.2.1. AVAILABILITY OF INSTRUMENTS TO ESTABLISH TAXATION AS IF INVESTED DIRECTLY FOR RESIDENT UCITS 219 4.2.2. APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTS TO ESTABLISH TAXATION AS IF INVESTED DIRECTLY TO NON-RESIDENT UCITS 221 4.2.3. CONCLUSION 222 4.3. COMPARISON OF THE TAXATION OF INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS SITUATED OUTSIDE THE JURISDICTION OF AUSTRIA, GERMANY, THE NETHERLANDS, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM 223 4.3.1. AVAILABILITY OF INSTRUMENTS TO ESTABLISH TAXATION AS IF INVESTED DIRECTLY FOR RESIDENT UCITS 224 4.3.1.1. TRANSPARENCY 224 4.3.1.2. ABSENCE OF ANY MEASURE TO ESTABLISH TRANSPARENCY 225 4.4. CONCLUSION 227 CHAPTER 5 DISTORTIONS TO THE CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN UNITS OF UNDERTAKINGS FOR COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT IN TRANSFERABLE SECURITIES CAUSED BY DIFFERENCES IN THE SOURCE TAXATION 229 5.1. INTRODUCTION 229 5.1.1. TABULAR OVERVIEW 232 5.2. TAXATION AT SOURCE OF INCOME DERIVED FROM INVESTMENTS SITUATED WITHIN THE UNITHOLDER COUNTRY 232 5.2.1. INTRODUCTION 232 5.2.2. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN AUSTRIA 232 5.2.2.1. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 232 5.2.2.2. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/TII) UCITS 234 5.2.2.3. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS 234 5.2.2.4. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 234 TABLE OF CONTENTS IX 5.2.3. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN GERMANY 234 5.2.3.1. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 234 5.2.3.2. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/TII) UCITS 235 5.2.3.3. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS OR UK-RESIDENT UCITS 235 5.2.4. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN THE NETHERLANDS 235 5.2.4.1. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 235 5.2.4.2. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS OR UK-RESIDENT UCITS 235 5.2.5. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 236 5.2.5.1. UK UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 236 5.2.5.2. UK UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS OR NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/TII) UCITS OF THE CONTRACTUAL TYPE 236 5.2.5.3. UK UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/FII) UCITS OF THE CORPORATE TYPE 236 5.3. TAXATION AT SOURCE OF INCOME DERIVED FROM INVESTMENTS SITUATED OUTSIDE AUSTRIA, GERMANY, THE NETHERLANDS, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM 237 5.3.1. INTRODUCTION 237 5.3.2. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN AUSTRIA 237 5.3.2.1. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 237 5.3.2.2. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND I NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII) UCITS 239 5.3.2.3. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (HI) UCITS 239 5.3.2.4. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (TIL) UCITS 240 5.3.2.5. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 240 5.3.3. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN GERMANY 241 5.3.3.1. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 241 5.3.3.2. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII) UCITS 241 5.3.3.3. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS 242 5.3.3.4. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (TIL) UCITS 243 X TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.3.3.5. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 243 5.3.4. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN THE NETHERLANDS 244 5.3.4.1. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 244 5.3.4.2. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 244 5.3.4.3. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 245 5.3.5. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 246 5.3.5.1. UK UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 246 5.3.5.2. UK UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII) UCITS 246 5.3.5.3. UK UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS 246 5.3.5.4. UK UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 247 5.3.5.5. UK UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (TIL) UCITS 247 5.4. CONCLUSION 247 PART M TAX LIABILITY OF UNDERTAKINGS FOR COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT IN TRANSFERABLE SECURITIES 249 CHAPTER 6 TAXATION OF INCOME FROM THE INVESTMENTS IN THE UNDERTAKINGS FOR COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT IN TRANSFERABLE SECURITIES COUNTRY 251 6.1. INTRODUCTION - 252 6.2. TAX LIABILITY OF THE UCITS FOR THE INCOME FROM THE INVESTMENTS 253 6.2.1. AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 253 6.2.2. GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 254 6.2.3. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS 255 6.2.3.1. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/FII) UCITS 256 6.2.3.2. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (TIL) UCITS 257 6.2.4. UK-RESIDENT UCITS 257 6.2.5. CONCLUSION 261 6.3. CREDITING OF FOREIGN WITHHOLDING TAX 261 6.3.1. AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 261 6.3.2. GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 262 6.3.3. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS 262 6.3.3.1. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII) UCITS 262 6.3.3.2. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS 262 6.3.3.3. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (TIL) UCITS 267 TABLE OF CONTENTS XI 6.3.4. UK-RESIDENT UCITS 267 6.3.5. CONCLUSION 269 6.4. DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME 269 6.4.1. AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 269 6.4.1.1. ANNUAL RETURN 270 6.4.1.2. ACCOUNTING OF PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS 270 6.4.1.3. DEDUCTION OF TAX 271 6.4.1.4. EXPENSES 271 6.4.1.5. LOSS FROM THE DISPOSAL OF INVESTMENTS 271 6.4.2. GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 271 6.4.3. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS 273 6.4.3.1. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII) UCITS 273 6.4.3.2. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (HI) UCITS 275 6.4.3.3. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (TIL) UCITS 279 6.4.4. UK-RESIDENT UCITS 280 6.4.5. CONCLUSION 283 6.5. WITHHOLDING TAX LEVIED BY THE UCITS COUNTRY 283 6.5.1. AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 283 6.5.2. GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 284 6.5.3. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS 286 6.5.3.1. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII) UCITS 286 6.5.3.2. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS 286 6.5.3.3. NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (TIL) UCITS 287 6.5.4. UK-RESIDENT UCITS 287 6.5.5. CONCLUSION 288 CHAPTER 7 COMPARISON OF TAXATION OF INCOME FROM THE INVESTMENTS IN THE UCITS COUNTRY UNDERTAKINGS FOR COLLECTIVE I INVESTMENT IN TRANSFERABLE SECURITIES 289 7.1. INTRODUCTION 290 7.2. MEASURES TAKEN TO AVOID ECONOMIC DOUBLE TAXATION OF THE INCOME DERIVED BY WAY OF UCITS 290 7.2.1. AVAILABLE INSTRUMENTS TO AVOID DOUBLE TAXATION AT THE LEVEL OF RESIDENT UCITS 292 7.2.1.1. TRANSPARENCY 292 7.2.1.2. SUBJECTIVE EXEMPTION 292 7.2.1.3. REDUCED TAX RATE 293 7.2.1.4. COMPENSATION FOR THE UNITHOLDERS 293 7.2.1.5. REDUCED TAX BASE 294 7.2.2. CONCLUSION 295 7.3. MEASURES TO PROVIDE RELIEF FOR THE WITHHOLDING TAX CHARGED BY THE SOURCE STATE 295 7.3.1. AVAILABILITY OF INSTRUMENTS FOR RELIEF AT THE LEVEL OF RESIDENT UCITS 296 XII TABLE OF CONTENTS 7.3.1.1. PAYMENT RELIEF AT THE LEVEL OF THE UCITS 296 7.3.1.2. DEDUCTION FROM THE ANNUAL RETURN 298 7.3.1.3. FOREIGN TAX CREDIT 299 7.3.2. CONCLUSION 300 7.4. TAXATION ON DISTRIBUTIONS BY UCITS TO THE UNITHOLDERS 300 7.4.1. AVAILABILITY OF INSTRUMENTS TO ESTABLISH THAT TAXATION ON DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE UCITS COUNTRY DOES NOT RESULT IN MORE SEVERE TAXATION THAN A DIRECT INVESTMENT 301 7.4.1.1. TRANSPARENCY 301 7.4.1.2. ABSENCE OF ANY MEASURES TO ESTABLISH TRANSPARENCY 302 7.4.2. CONCLUSION 302 CHAPTER 8 DISTORTIONS TO THE CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN UNITS OF UCITS CAUSED BY DIFFERENCES IN TAXATION IN THE UCITS COUNTRY 305 8.1. INTRODUCTION 305 8.1.1. TABULAR OVERVIEW 306 8.2. MEASURES TAKEN TO AVOID ECONOMIC DOUBLE TAXATION 308 8.2.1. INTRODUCTION 308 8.2.2. CROSS-BORDER TRADE OF UNITS IN AUSTRIA 308 8.2.2.1. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT OR NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS 308 8.2.2.2. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 309 8.2.3. CROSS-BORDER TRADE OF UNITS IN GERMANY 310 8.2.3.1. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 310 8.2.3.2. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS OR UK-RESIDENT UCITS 310 8.2.4. CROSS-BORDER TRADE OF UNITS IN THE NETHERLANDS 310 8.2.4.1. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN OR GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 310 8.2.4.2. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 311 8.2.5. CROSS-BORDER TRADE OF UNITS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 311 8.2.5.1. UK UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 311 8.2.5.2. UK UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS OR NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS 311 8.3. THE MEASURES TO PROVIDE RELIEF FOR THE WITHHOLDING TAX CHARGED BY THE SOURCE STATES 312 8.3.1. INTRODUCTION 312 8.3.2. CROSS-BORDER TRADE OF UNITS IN AUSTRIA 312 8.3.2.1. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 312 8.3.2.2. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/NI) UCITS 313 TABLE OF CONTENTS XIII 8.3.2.3. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS 313 8.3.2.4. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 313 8.3.3. CROSS-BORDER TRADE OF UNITS IN GERMANY 313 8.3.3.1. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 313 8.3.3.2. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/TII) UCITS 314 8.3.3.3. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS 314 8.3.3.4. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 314 8.3.4. CROSS-BORDER TRADE OF UNITS IN THE NETHERLANDS 314 8.3.4.1. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 314 8.3.4.2. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 314 8.3.4.3. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 315 8.3.5. CROSS-BORDER TRADE OF UNITS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 315 8.3.5.1. UK UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 315 8.3.5.2. UK UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS OR NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/TII) UCITS 315 8.3.5.3. UK UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS 316 8.4. TAXATION ON DISTRIBUTIONS BY UCITS TO THE UNITHOLDERS 316 8.4.1. INTRODUCTION . 316 8.4.2. CROSS-BORDER TRADE OF UNITS IN AUSTRIA 317 8.4.2.1. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 317 8.4.2.2. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/TII) UCITS 317 8.4.2.3. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS 318 8.4.2.4. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 319 8.4.3. CROSS-BORDER TRADE OF UNITS IN GERMANY 319 8.4~3.1. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 319 8.4.3.2. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/TII) UCITS 319 8.4.3.3. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS 319 8.4.3.4. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 320 8.4.4. CROSS-BORDER TRADE OF UNITS IN THE NETHERLANDS 320 8.4.4.1. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 320 8.4.4.2. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 321 8.4.4.3. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 321 8.4.5. CROSS-BORDER TRADE OF UNITS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 321 8.4.5.1. UK UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 321 XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS 8.4.5.2. UK UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 322 8.4.5.3. UK UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/TII) UCITS 322 8.4.5.4. UK UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS 322 8.5. CONCLUSION 323 PART IV TAX LIABILITY OF THE UNITHOLDERS 325 PREFACE TO CHAPTERS 9-12 327 CHAPTER 9 AUSTRIA: TAXATION OF INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS IN THE COUNTRY OF THE UNITHOLDERS 329 9.1. INTRODUCTION 330 9.2. TAX LIABILITY OF AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UNITHOLDERS 330 9.2.1. INCOME TAX LIABILITY OF AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT INDIVIDUAL UNITHOLDERS 330 9.2.1.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 330 9.2.1.2. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 333 9.2.1.3. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF UCITS RESIDING IN GERMANY, THE NETHERLANDS, OR THE UNITED KINGDOM 335 9.2.2. CORPORATE INCOME TAX LIABILITY OF CORPORATE UNITHOLDERS 338 9.2.2.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 338 9.2.2.2. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 341 9.2.2.3. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF UCITS RESIDING IN GERMANY, THE NETHERLANDS, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM BY AUSTRIAN CORPORATE UNITHOLDERS 343 9.2.3. CREDITING OF THE WITHHOLDING TAX CHARGED BY THE SOURCE STATE 345 9.2.3.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 345 9.2.3.2. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS BY AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDERS 348 9.2.3.3. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF UCITS RESIDING IN GERMANY, THE NETHERLANDS, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM BY AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDERS 348 9.3. CONCLUSION 349 TABLE OF CONTENTS XV CHAPTER 10 GERMANY: TAXATION OF INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS IN THE COUNTRY OF THE UNITHOLDERS 351 10.1. INTRODUCTION 352 10.2. TAX LIABILITY OF GERMAN-RESIDENT UNITHOLDERS 352 10.2.1. INCOME TAX LIABILITY OF GERMAN-RESIDENT INDIVIDUAL UNITHOLDERS 352 10.2.1.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 352 10.2.1.2. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 355 10.2.1.3. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF UCITS RESIDING IN AUSTRIA, THE NETHERLANDS, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM 357 10.2.2. CORPORATE INCOME TAX LIABILITY OF GERMAN-RESIDENT CORPORATE UNITHOLDERS 359 10.2.2.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 359 10.2.2.2. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 362 10.2.2.3. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF UCITS RESIDING IN AUSTRIA, THE NETHERLANDS, OR THE UNITED KINGDOM 365 10.2.3. CREDITING OF WITHHOLDING TAX 366 10.2.3.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 366 10.2.3.2. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS BY GERMAN UNITHOLDERS 368 10.2.3.3. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF UCITS RESIDING IN AUSTRIA, THE NETHERLANDS, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM BY GERMAN UNITHOLDERS 369 10.3. CONCLUSION _ 370 CHAPTER 11 THE NETHERLANDS: TAXATION OF INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS IN THE COUNTRY OF THE UNITHOLDERS 371 11.1. INTRODUCTION 372 11.2. TAX LIABILITY OF NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UNITHOLDERS 373 11.2.1. INCOME TAX LIABILITY OF NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT INDIVIDUAL UNITHOLDERS 373 11.2.1.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 373 11.2.1.2. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS 375 XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS 11.2.1.3. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF UCITS RESIDING IN AUSTRIA, GERMANY, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM 375 11.2.2. CORPORATE INCOME TAX LIABILITY OF NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT CORPORATE UNITHOLDERS 376 11.2.2.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 376 11.2.2.2. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS 379 11.2.2.3. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF UCITS RESIDING IN AUSTRIA, GERMANY, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM 381 11.2.3. CREDITING OF FOREIGN WITHHOLDING TAX 385 11.2.3.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 385 11.2.3.2. INVESTMENTS IN THE UNITS OF NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS 387 11.2.3.3. INVESTMENTS IN UNITS OF UCITS RESIDING IN AUSTRIA, GERMANY, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM 388 11.3. CONCLUSION 389 11.3.1. INCOME TAX LIABILITY 389 11.3.2. CORPORATE INCOME TAX LIABILITY 390 11.3.3. CREDITING OF FOREIGN WITHHOLDING TAX LEVIED BY A SOURCE STATE 390 11.3.4. CREDITING OF FOREIGN WITHHOLDING TAX LEVIED BY UCITS COUNTRY 391 CHAPTER 12 THE UNITED KINGDOM: TAXATION OF INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS IN THE COUNTRY OF THE UNITHOLDERS 393 12.1. INTRODUCTION 394 12.2. TAX LIABILITY OF UK-RESIDENT UNITHOLDERS 395 12.2.1. INCOME TAX AND CAPITAL GAIN TAX LIABILITY OF UK-RESIDENT INDIVIDUAL UNITHOLDERS 395 12.2.1.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 395 12.2.1.2. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF UK-RESIDENT UCITS 399 12.2.1.3. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF UCITS RESIDING IN AUSTRIA, GERMANY, OR THE NETHERLANDS 401 12.2.2. CORPORATE INCOME TAX LIABILITY OF UK-RESIDENT CORPORATE UNITHOLDERS 408 12.2.2.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 408 TABLE OF CONTENTS XVII 12.2.2.2. INVESTMENTS IN THE UNITS OF UK-RESIDENT UCITS 413 12.2.2.3. INVESTMENTS IN THE UNITS OF UCITS RESIDING IN AUSTRIA, GERMANY, OR THE NETHERLANDS 415 12.2.3. CREDITING OF FOREIGN WITHHOLDING TAX 418 12.2.3.1. INVESTING DIRECTLY IN SECURITIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 418 12.2.3.2. INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS OF UK-RESIDENT UCITS 420 12.2.3.3. INVESTMENTS IN THE UNITS OF UCITS RESIDING IN AUSTRIA, GERMANY, AND THE NETHERLANDS 420 12.3. CONCLUSION 422 12.3.1. INCOME TAX LIABILITY AND CAPITAL GAINS TAX LIABILITY 422 12.3.2. TIME OF RECEIPT OF INCOME 422 12.3.3. NATURE AND SOURCE OF INCOME 423 12.3.4. CORPORATE INCOME TAX LIABILITY 423 12.3.5. TIME OF RECEIPT OF INCOME 423 12.3.6. NATURE AND SOURCE OF INCOME 423 12.3.7. CREDITING OF FOREIGN WITHHOLDING TAX LEVIED BY A SOURCE STATE 424 12.3.8. CREDITING OF FOREIGN WITHHOLDING TAX LEVIED BY UCITS COUNTRY . 424 12.3.9. RELEVANT INFORMATION 424 CHAPTER 13 COMPARISON OF TAXATION IN THE UNITHOLDER COUNTRY OF INCOME DERIVED BY WAY OF AUSTRIAN-, GERMAN-, NETHERLANDS-, AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS I 425 13.1. INTRODUCTION 427 13.2. COMPARISON OF THE TAX LIABILITY OF INCOME DERIVED BY WAY OF UCITS 427 13.2.1. AVAILABILITY OF INSTRUMENTS TO ESTABLISH THAT INCOME DERIVED BY WAY OF UCITS IS TAXED AT THE SAME TIME AND FOR THE SAME AMOUNT AS A DIRECT INVESTMENT 430 13.2.2. APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTS TO ESTABLISH TAXATION AS IF INVESTED DIRECTLY IN THE CASE OF INVESTMENTS IN NON-RESIDENT UCITS 434 13.2.3. CONCLUSION 436 13.3. THE CREDITING OF THE WITHHOLDING TAX CHARGED BY SOURCE STATES ON INCOME DERIVED BY WAY OF UCITS 436 13.3.1. AVAILABILITY OF INSTRUMENTS FOR THE CREDITING OF THE TAX WITHHELD AT SOURCE AS IF INVESTED DIRECTLY 437 13.3.1.1. TRANSPARENCY 437 XVIII TABLE OF CONTENTS 13.3.2. APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTS TO ESTABLISH TAXATION AS IF INVESTED DIRECTLY IN THE CASE OF INVESTMENTS IN NON-RESIDENT UCITS 439 13.3.3. CONCLUSION 439 13.4. THE CREDITING OF THE WITHHOLDING TAX CHARGED BY THE UCITS COUNTRY 440 13.4.1. AVAILABILITY OF INSTRUMENTS FOR CREDITING TAX WITHHELD AT TIME OF DISTRIBUTION 441 13.4.1.1. REFUND 441 13.4.2. APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTS FOR CREDITING OF TAX WITHHELD AT THE TIME OF DISTRIBUTION IN THE CASE OF INVESTMENTS IN NON-RESIDENT UCITS 441 13.4.3. CONCLUSION 442 CHAPTER 14 DISTORTIONS TO THE CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN UNITS OF UCITS CAUSED BY DIFFERENCES IN THE TAXATION IN THE UNITHOLDER COUNTRY 443 14.1. INTRODUCTION 443 14.1.1. TABULAR OVERVIEW 444 14.2. MEASURES TO TAX INCOME AT THE SAME TIME AND FOR THE SAME AMOUNT AS A DIRECT INVESTMENT 446 14.2.1. INTRODUCTION 446 14.2.2. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN AUSTRIA 447 14.2.2.1. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 447 14.2.2.2. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS- AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 448 14.2.3. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN GERMANY 448 14.2.3.1. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 448 14.2.3.2. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS OR UK-RESIDENT UCITS 448 14.2.4. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN THE NETHERLANDS 448 14.2.4.1. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 448 14.2.4.2. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 449 14.2.4.3. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 449 14.2.5. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 449 14.2.5.1. UK UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 449 14.2.5.2. UK UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS OR NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS OF THE CONTRACTUAL TYPE 450 14.2.5.3. UK UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS OF THE CORPORATE TYPE 450 14.3. MEASURES TO PROVIDE RELIEF FOR WITHHOLDING TAX CHARGED BY THE SOURCE STATE 451 TABLE OF CONTENTS XIX 14.3.1. INTRODUCTION 451 14.3.2. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN AUSTRIA 452 14.3.2.1. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 452 14.3.2.2. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT UCITS OR UK-RESIDENT UCITS 452 14.3.3. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN GERMANY 452 14.3.3.1. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 452 14.3.3.2. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS- AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 453 14.3.4. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN THE NETHERLANDS 453 14.3.4.1. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 453 14.3.4.2. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 453 14.3.4.3. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 454 14.3.5. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 454 14.3.5.1. UK UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 454 14.3.5.2. UK UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS OR NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/FII/TII) UCITS OF THE CONTRACTUAL TYPE 454 14.3.5.3. UK UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII) UCITS OF THE CORPORATE TYPE 455 14.3.5.4. UK UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (HI) UCITS OF THE CORPORATE TYPE 455 14.4. MEASURES TO PROVIDE RELIEF FOR THE WITHHOLDING TAX CHARGED BY THE UCITS COUNTRY 455 14.4.1. INTRODUCTION 455 14.4.2. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN AUSTRIA 456 14.4.2.1. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT I UCITS 456 14.4.2.2. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/TII) UCITS 457 14.4.2.3. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS 457 14.4.2.4. AUSTRIAN UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 457 14.4.3. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN GERMANY 457 14.4.3.1. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 457 14.2.3.2. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS 458 14.2.3.3. GERMAN UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/TII) UCITS OR UK-RESIDENT UCITS 458 14.4.4. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN THE NETHERLANDS 458 14.4.4.1. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 458 XX TABLE OF CONTENTS 14.4.4.2. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 458 14.4.4.3. DUTCH UNITHOLDER AND UK-RESIDENT UCITS 458 14.4.5. CROSS-BORDER TRADING OF UNITS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 459 14.4.5.1. UK UNITHOLDER AND AUSTRIAN-RESIDENT UCITS 459 14.4.5.2. UK UNITHOLDER AND GERMAN-RESIDENT UCITS 459 14.4.5.3. UK UNITHOLDER AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (EII/TII) UCITS 459 14.4.5.4. UK UNITHOLDERS AND NETHERLANDS-RESIDENT (FII) UCITS 459 14.5. CONCLUSION 459 PARTV REMOVAL OF TAX ADVANTAGES AND TAX DISADVANTAGES 461 CHAPTER 15 ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 463 15.1. INTRODUCTION 464 15.2. ANALYSIS OF TAXATION OF INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS BY AND IN UCITS 465 15.2.1. TAXATION IN THE SOURCE COUNTRY 465 15.2.1.1. DIFFERENCES IN THE WITHHOLDING TAX RATE, AVAILABLE EXEMPTIONS FROM WITHHOLDING TAX AND AVAILABLE REFUNDS OF THE TAX WITHHELD AT SOURCE 465 15.2.1.2. DIFFERENCES IN THE NUMBER, PROVISIONS AND APPLICATION OF TAX TREATIES 466 15.2.2. TAXATION IN THE UCITS COUNTRY 478 15.2.2.1. DIFFERENCES IN THE OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE TAX LIABILITY OF UCITS 478 15.2.2.2. DIFFERENCES IN THE AVAILABILITY AND THE AMOUNT OF RELIEF FOR THE WITHHOLDING TAX LEVIED BY THE SOURCE STATE 480 15.2.2.3. DIFFERENCES IN THE TAX IMPOSED BY THE UCITS COUNTRY AT THE TIME OF DISTRIBUTION 482 15.2.3. TAXATION IN THE COUNTRY OF THE UNITHOLDERS 483 15.2.3.1. DIFFERENCES IN PERSONAL AND CORPORATE INCOME TAX LIABILITY OF UNITHOLDERS 483 15.2.3.2. DIFFERENCES IN THE AVAILABILITY OF RELIEF FOR THE WITHHOLDING TAX LEVIED BY THE SOURCE STATE 496 ^15.2.3.3. DIFFERENCES IN THE AVAILABILITY OF RELIEF FOR THE TAX IMPOSED BY THE UCITS COUNTRY AT THE TIME OF DISTRIBUTION 497 TABLE OF CONTENTS XXI 15.3. TOWARDS HARMONIZATION OF THE TAXATION OF UCITS 507 15.3.1. INTRODUCTION 507 15.3.2. NEGATIVE HARMONIZATION 507 15.3.3. POSITIVE HARMONIZATION 507 15.3.4. DESIRABILITY OF HARMONIZATION 507 15.3.5. FEASIBILITY OF HARMONIZATION 508 15.4. FORM OF THE PROPOSED EUROPEAN COMMUNITY LEGISLATION 509 15.4.1. EUROPEAN UNION TAX 509 15.4.2. AMENDMENT OF UCITS DIRECTIVE 509 15.5. CONTENTS OF THE PROPOSED EUROPEAN COMMUNITY LEGISLATION 510 15.5.1. TAXPAYER 510 15.5.1.1. TRANSPARENT UCITS 510 15.5.1.2. TAX OPAQUE UCITS 513 15.5.2. TIMING ISSUES AND TAX ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES 517 15.6. WHAT IF EUROPEAN UNION HARMONIZATION IS NOT FEASIBLE? 518 15.6.1. TAX COORDINATION 518 15.6.1.1. CANADIAN PROVINCIAL AND TERRITORIAL LEGISLATION AS EXAMPLE 518 15.6.1.2. EU MODEL PROVISIONS FOR TAX TREATIES 519 15.6.2. SPONTANEOUS AMENDMENTS OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION 520 15.7. THIRD COUNTRIES 520 15.7.1. EEA 520 15.7.2. OECD 521 BIBLIOGRAPHY 529 INDEX 533
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UCITS and taxation towards harmonization of the taxation of UCITS Raymond Adema
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spellingShingle Adema, Raymond
UCITS and taxation towards harmonization of the taxation of UCITS
EUCOTAX series on European taxation
Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd
Finanzinstrument (DE-588)4461672-7 gnd
Steuerharmonisierung (DE-588)4125519-7 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)5098525-5
(DE-588)4461672-7
(DE-588)4125519-7
title UCITS and taxation towards harmonization of the taxation of UCITS
title_auth UCITS and taxation towards harmonization of the taxation of UCITS
title_exact_search UCITS and taxation towards harmonization of the taxation of UCITS
title_full UCITS and taxation towards harmonization of the taxation of UCITS Raymond Adema
title_fullStr UCITS and taxation towards harmonization of the taxation of UCITS Raymond Adema
title_full_unstemmed UCITS and taxation towards harmonization of the taxation of UCITS Raymond Adema
title_short UCITS and taxation
title_sort ucits and taxation towards harmonization of the taxation of ucits
title_sub towards harmonization of the taxation of UCITS
topic Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd
Finanzinstrument (DE-588)4461672-7 gnd
Steuerharmonisierung (DE-588)4125519-7 gnd
topic_facet Europäische Union
Finanzinstrument
Steuerharmonisierung
url http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018800568&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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