Fullerene polymers synthesis, properties and applications
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2009
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Titel: Fullerene polymers
Autor: Martín, Nazario
Jahr: 2009
I VII
Contents
Foreword V
Preface XIII
Contributors XV
1 Fullerene-Containing Polymers: An Overview 7
Francesco Ciacalone, Nazario Martin, and Fred Wudl
1.1 Polyfullerenes: A Brief History 1
1.2 Classification of Polyfullerenes 2
1.2.1 All-C60 Polymers 3
1.2.2 Organometallic Polymers 3
1.2.3 Crosslinked Polymers 4
1.2.4 End-Capped Polymers 5
1.2.5 C60-Dendrimers 6
1.2.6 Star-Shaped Polymers 7
1.2.7 Main-Chain Polymers 8
1.2.8 Side-Chain Polymers 9
1.2.8.1 Double-Cable Polymers 9
1.2.9 Supramolecular Polymers 10
1.3 Outlook and Perspective 10
References 11
2 Main-Chain and Side-Chain CM-Polymers 75
Francesco Ciacalone and Nazario Martin
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Main-Chain Polymers 15
2.3 Side-Chain Polymers 20
2.3.1 Polystyrene-C60 Polymers 20
2.3.2 Polyacrylate- and Methacrylate-C60 Polymers and Copolymers 23
2.3.3 Polycarbonate-C6o Polymers 26
2.3.4 Aminofishing Side-Chain Polymers 26
2.3.5 Polyvinylcarbazoles 28
2.3.6 Polyphosphazenes and Polysiloxanes 29
2.3.7 Side-Chain C60-Polysaccarides 32
FuLlerene Polymers. Synthesis, Properties and Applications. Edited by Nazario Martin and Francesco Giacalone
Copyright © 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim
ISBN: 978-3-527-32282-4
VIII I Contents
2.3.8 Polyether-Qo Polymers 33
2.3.9 Side-Chain Polymers Prepared by Organometallic Catalysis 34
2.4 Conclusions and Further Perspectives 37
References 39
3 Acrylate and Methacrylate CM-End-Capped Polymers 43
Palaniswamy Ravi, Sheng Dai, and Kam Chiu Tarn
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 Synthesis of C60-End-Capped Polymers 44
3.2.1 General Synthetic Approaches for C60-Containing Polymers 44
3.2.2 Well-Defined C60 End-Capped Polymers by Controlled Radical
Polymerization 46
3.3 Aggregation of C60-End-Capped Polymers in Solution 50
3.3.1 Self-Assembly of C60-End-Capped Polymers in Organic
Solvents 50
3.3.2 Aggregation of C60-End-Capped Polymers in Aqueous Solution 55
3.3.2.1 pH-Responsive C60-Containing Polymers 55
3.3.2.2 Temperature-Responsive C60-Containing Polymers 57
3.3.2.3 C^-Containing Polyampholytes 60
3.3.2.4 Supramolecular Fractal Patterning 64
3.3.2.5 Surfactant Induced Nano-Structures 67
3.4 Summary 73
References 74
4 Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Involving C^-Polymers 79
Suat Hong Coh
4.1 Introduction 79
4.2 Synthesis and Properties of Double-Q0-End-Capped Polymers 79
4.3 Mechanical Properties of Pseudo-SIPNs 83
4.3.1 FPEOF/PMMA Pseudo-SIPNs 83
4.3.2 FPEOF/Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Pseudo-SIPNs 84
4.3.3 FPBMAF/PVC Pseudo-SIPNs 87
4.4 Optical Transmission Characteristics of Pseudo-SIPNs 88
4.5 Conclusions 93
References 93
5 Star-Shaped Polymers with a Fullerene Core 97
Claude Mathis
5.1 Introduction 97
5.2 Grafting of Linear Polymer Chains onto C60 98
5.2.1 Grafting via Radicals 98
5.2.1.1 Radical Copolymerization of Fullerenes with Vinyl Monomers 98
5.2.1.2 Addition of Macro-radicals Obtained by "Controlled" Radical
Polymerization 99
5.2.1.3 Addition of Macro-radicals Obtained by Cleavage of
Macro-initiators 104
Contents I IX
5.2.2 Grafting via Nucleophilic Addition 104
5.2.2.1 Grafting of Neutral Nucleophiles 104
5.2.2.2 Grafting of Charged Nucleophiles 105
5.2.3 Other Grafting Reactions 114
5.3 Polymerization of a Monomer Using Charged or Functionalized
Fullerenes as Initiators 116
5.3.1 Controlled Radical Polymerization Using a C60(X)n as Initiator 116
5.3.2 Anionic Polymerization Initiated by Fullerides C60*~(M+)x or "Living"
Polymer Stars with a Fullerene Core (Polymer)»C6o*"(M+)% (x 6;
M = Li, Na, K) 117
5.3.3 C(,o as Co-catalyst for Polymerization 119
5.4 Addition of Linear Polymer Chains on Plurifunctional Fullerene
Derivatives 119
5.5 Stability of the C60-Polymer Link 122
5.6 Conclusions 124
References 124
6 Fullerene-Containing Helical Polymers 729
Eiji Yashima and Katsuhiro Maeda
6.1 Introduction 129
6.2 Helical Polymers with Pendant Fullerenes via Covalent Bonds 130
6.3 Helical Array of Fullerenes along Helical Polymer Backbone via
Noncovalent Bonds 137
6.4 Inclusion of Fullerenes in a Helical Cavity 140
6.5 Conclusion 143
References 144
7 Electroactive C^-Polymer Systems 747
Yuliang Li, Weidong Zhou, and Changshui Huang
7.1 Introduction 147
7.2 Photoinduced Electron Transfer 148
73 Organic Solar Cells 256
7.4 Other Applications 163
7.5 Summary 167
References 367
8 Polyfullerenes for Organic Photovoltaics 7 71
Antonio Crav'mo and Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
8.1 Introduction 171
8.1.1 Background 171
8.1.2 Organic D-A Photovoltaics and Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells 173
8.1.3 D-A Phase Separation-Device Performance Relationship 174
8.2 Double-Cable Polyfullerenes 174
8.2.1 Photoinduced Charge Transfer in Double-Cable Polyfullerenes 175
8.2.2 Electrochemically or Chemically Synthesized Double-Cable
Polyfullerenes 177
X Contents
8.2.3 Double-Cables at Work: Photodetectors and Solar Cells 180
8.3 Revisiting the Double-Cable Approach 182
8.4 Conclusions 184
References 185
9 Fullerene-Containing Supramolecular Polymers 189
Takeharu Haino
9.1 Introduction 189
9.2 Nanofabrication of [60]Fullerene in the Solid State 191
9.3 Self-Organization of Amphiphilic [60]Fullerenes 196
9.4 Introduction of [60]Fullerenes onto Polymer Chains via Noncovalent
Bonds 202
9.5 Outlook 214
References 217
10 Fullerene-Rich Dendrons and Dendrimers 227
Jean-Frangois Nierengarten
10.1 Introduction 221
10.2 Fullerene-Rich Dendrons 222
10.2.1 Synthesis of Fullerene-Rich Dendrons and Their Incorporation in
Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett Films 222
10.2.2 Synthesis of Fullerene-Rich Dendrons and Photoelectrochemical
Properties of Their Nanoclusters 227
10.3 Fullerene-Rich Dendrimers 232
10.3.1 Divergent Synthesis 232
10.3.2 Convergent Synthesis 234
10.4 Self-Assembly of Fullerene-Rich Dendrimers 237
10.5 Conclusions 242
Acknowledgments 243
References 243
11 Liquid-Crystalline Fullerodendrimers and Fullero(codendrimers) 247
Daniel Guillon, Bertrand Donnio, and Robert Deschenaux
11.1 Introduction 247
11.2 Liquid-Crystalline Fullerodendrimers 248
11.2.1 Poly(Aryl Ester) Dendrons Carrying Cyanobiphenyl Mesogenic
Groups 248
11.2.2 Poly(Aryl Ester) Dendrons Carrying Optically-Active Mesogenic
Groups 254
11.2.3 Poly(Benzyl Ether) Dendrons Carrying Flexible Alkyl Chains 254
11.3 Liquid-Crystalline Fullero(codendrimers) 260
11.4 Conclusion 267
Acknowledgments 267
Abbreviations 267
References 268
Contents XI
12 Polymers Based on Carbon Nanotubes 277
M° Angeles Herranz and Nazario Martin
12.1 Introduction 271
12.2 Carbon Nanotube Properties 272
12.2.1 Electrical and Thermal Conductivity 273
12.2.2 Mechanical Properties 275
12.3 Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites 275
12.3.1 Covalent Attachment 276
12.3.1.1 "Grafting to" Method 276
12.3.1.2 "Grafting from" Method 282
12.3.2 Noncovalent Attachment 283
12.4 Applications of NT-Polymer Composites 288
12.4.1 Thermo- and pH-Responsive NT-Polymer Composites 288
12.4.2 Molecular Sensors 290
12.4.3 Hybrid Gels 291
12.5 NT-Polymer Composites for Solar Energy Conversion 291
12.5.1 NTs as Electron Acceptors in Donor-Acceptor Systems 292
12.5.2 NT-Polymer Composites in Photoelectrochemical Devices 295
12.5.3 NT-Polymer Composites in Photovoltaic Cells 297
12.6 Summary and Conclusions 297
Acknowledgment 298
References 298
Index 305 |
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| language | English |
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| publishDate | 2009 |
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| spellingShingle | Fullerene polymers synthesis, properties and applications Fullerene polymers Fullerene polymers Industrial applications Fullerene polymers Synthesis Fullerene (DE-588)4305238-1 gnd Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4305238-1 (DE-588)4046699-1 |
| title | Fullerene polymers synthesis, properties and applications |
| title_auth | Fullerene polymers synthesis, properties and applications |
| title_exact_search | Fullerene polymers synthesis, properties and applications |
| title_full | Fullerene polymers synthesis, properties and applications ed. by Nazario Martín ... |
| title_fullStr | Fullerene polymers synthesis, properties and applications ed. by Nazario Martín ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fullerene polymers synthesis, properties and applications ed. by Nazario Martín ... |
| title_short | Fullerene polymers |
| title_sort | fullerene polymers synthesis properties and applications |
| title_sub | synthesis, properties and applications |
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| topic_facet | Fullerene polymers Fullerene polymers Industrial applications Fullerene polymers Synthesis Fullerene Polymere |
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