Tourism management

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Hauptverfasser: Weaver, David B. (VerfasserIn), Lawton, Laura (VerfasserIn)
Format: Buch
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Milton, Qld. Wiley 2010
Ausgabe:4. ed.
Schriftenreihe:Wiley Australia tourism series
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text Titel: Tourism management Autor: Weaver, David Jahr: 2010 CONTENTS Preface..................................................................................................................x Acknowledgements..............................................................................................xi Real-world examples at a glance.........................................................................xii CHAPTER 1 Introduction to tourism management 1 Introduction.........................................................................................................2 The phenomenon of tourism................................................................................2 Definition of tourism............................................................................................2 The importance of tourism 3 Tourism as an academic field of study.................................................................3 Obstacles to development 4 Indications of development 7 A sequence of tourism platforms 10 Universities and community colleges 12 Characteristics, outline and structure.................................................................13 Chapter outline 14 Chapter structure 14 Chapter review...................................................................................................16 Summary of key terms 16 Questions 17 Exercises 18 Further reading 18 CHAPTER 2 The tourism system 19 Introduction.......................................................................................................20 A systems approach to tourism..........................................................................20 The basic whole tourism system 20 The tourist..........................................................................................................22 Spatial component 22 Temporal component 24 Travel purpose 26 Major tourist categories 30 Data problems 32 Origin region......................................................................................................33 Origin community 33 Origin government 34 Transit region.....................................................................................................36 Management implications of transit regions 36 Effects of technology 37 Destination region..............................................................................................38 Destination communities 39 Destination governments 39 The tourism industry..........................................................................................40 Chapter review...................................................................................................42 Summary of key terms 42 Questions 43 Exercises 44 Further reading 44 Case study..........................................................................................................45 CHAPTER 3 The evolution and growth of tourism 47 Introduction.......................................................................................................48 Premodern tourism.............................................................................................48 Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Indus Valley 48 Ancient Greece and Rome 49 The Dark Ages and Middle Ages 50 Early modern tourism (1500-1950)...................................................................52 The Grand Tour 52 Spa resorts 53 Seaside resorts 54 Thomas Cook 55 The post-Cook period (1880-1950) 57 Contemporary tourism (1950 onwards).............................................................57 The world s biggest industry? 59 Factors associated with increased tourism demand............................................59 Economic factors 59 Social factors 61 Demographic factors 63 Technological factors 68 Political factors 70 Australian tourism participation.........................................................................71 Future growth prospects....................................................................................72 Chapter review...................................................................................................73 Summary of key terms 73 Questions 76 Exercises 76 Further reading fj Case study..................................... 77 CHAPTER 4 Destinations 80 Introduction...................................... gl Global destination patterns: MDCs and LDCs....................................................81 Tourism market share and growth 81 Reasons for the emergence of the LDCs as destinations 82 Pull factors influencing a destination..................................................................86 Geographical proximity to markets ................ 87 Accessibility to markets 88 Availability of attractions 89 Cultural links g0 Availability 0/ services 91 Affordability 91 Peace, stability and safety 91 Pro-tourism policies 95 Regional destination patterns............................... .95 Europe .......................................................96 Asia-Pacific og The Americas 99 The Middle East 100 Africa 102 Australia 102 Internal destination patterns.............................................................................104 The Australian pattern 106 Chapter review.................................................................................................108 Summary of key terms 108 Questions 109 Exercises 110 Further reading 110 Case study........................................................................................................Ill CHAPTER 5 The tourism product 114 Introduction.....................................................................................................115 Tourist attractions............................................................................................115 Natural sites 115 Natural events 122 Cultural sites 123 Attraction attributes 132 The tourism industry........................................................................................136 Travel agencies 136 Transportation 137 Accommodation 140 Tour operators 141 Merchandise 143 Industry structure 143 Chapter review.................................................................................................146 Summary of key terms 146 Questions 148 Exercises 148 Further reading 149 Case study........................................................................................................149 CHAPTER 6 Tourist markets 152 Introduction.....................................................................................................153 Tourist market trends.......................................................................................153 The democratisation of travel 153 The emergence of simple market segmentation and multilevel segmentation 153 Niche markets and markets of one 154 The destination selection process.....................................................................155 Multiple decision makers 156 Tourist market segmentation............................................................................157 Geographic segmentation 158 Sociodemographic segmentation 160 Psychographic segmentation 167 Behavioural segmentation 170 Chapter review.................................................................................................175 Summary of key terms 175 Questions 176 Exercises 177 Further reading 177 Case study........................................................................................................178 CHAPTER 7 Tourism marketing 181 Introduction.....................................................................................................182 The nature of marketing...................................................................................182 Definition of marketing 182 Services marketing............................................................................................182 Intangibility 183 Inseparability 184 Variability 184 Perishability 185 Managing supply and demand.........................................................................185 Daily variations in demand 187 Weekly variations in demand 187 Seasonal variations in demand 187 Long-term variations in demand 187 Supply/demand matching strategies 188 Market failure...................................................................................................192 Destination tourism organisations 192 Strategic tourism marketing..............................................................................194 SWOT analysts and objectives 194 Objectives 195 Control/evaluation 196 Marketing mix..................................................................................................197 Place 197 Product 197 People 198 Price 199 Packaging 200 Programming 201 Promotion 201 Partnerships 205 Chapter review.................................... 206 Summary of key terms 206 Questions 208 Exercises 208 Further reading 208 Case study.............................. 209 CHAPTER 8 Economic impacts of tourism 212 Introduction..................... 213 Economic benefits............................. .............................................................213 Direct revenue ............................................... 213 Indirect revenue 218 Economic integration and diversification 220 Employment (direct and indirect) 220 Regional development 220 Formal and informal sectors 222 Economic costs 223 Direct financial costs 224 Indirect financial costs 225 Fluctuations in intake 226 Competition with other sectors 230 Employment problems 230 Chapter review.................................................................................................232 Summary of key terms 232 Questions 233 Exercises 234 Further reading 234 Case study........................................................................................................235 CHAPTER 9 Sociocultural and environmental impacts of tourism 238 Introduction.....................................................................................................239 Sociocultural benefits.......................................................................................239 Promotion of cross-cultural understanding 239 Incentive to preserve culture and heritage 240 Promoting social wellbeing and stability 242 Sociocultural costs............................................................................................242 Commodification 242 The demonstration effect revisited 244 The relationship between tourism and crime 245 Factors contributing to the increased likelihood of sociocultural costs 247 Resident reactions 251 Environmental benefits.....................................................................................252 Environmental costs.........................................................................................252 Environmental impact sequence 253 Permanent environmental restructuring 253 Generation of waste residuals 256 Climate change 256 Tourist activities 257 Indirect and induced activities 257 Ecological footprinting 258 Management implications of sociocultural and environmental impacts 259 Chapter review.................................................................................................260 Summary of key terms 260 Questions 261 Exercises 262 Further reading 262 Case study........................................................................................................263 CHAPTER 10 Destination development 266 Introduction.....................................................................................................267 Destination cycle..............................................................................................267 The Butler Sequence 268 Critique of the Butler sequence 276 Factors that change the destination cycle.........................................................282 Internal-intentional actions 283 External-unintentional actions 283 Internal-unintentional actions 283 External-intentional actions 283 National tourism development.........................................................................284 Spatial diffusion 284 Effects of hierarchical diffusion 285 Effects of contagious diffusion 285 Model of national tourism development 287 Chapter review.................................................................................................289 Summary of key terms 289 Questions 290 Exercises 291 Further reading 291 Case study........................................................................................................292 CHAPTER 11 Sustainable tourism 294 Introduction.....................................................................................................295 A paradigm shift...............................................................................................295 Dominant Western environmental paradigm 295 Contradictions in the dominant Western environmental paradigm 296 Towards a green paradigm 297 Sustainable tourism..........................................................................................299 Indicators 300 Sustainability and mass tourism.......................................................................302 Reasons for adoption 302 Practices 306 Quality control 307 Sustainability and small-scale tourism..............................................................310 Alternative tourism 310 Manifestations 312 Critique of alternative tourism 312 Ecotourism...................................... 314 Soft and hard ecotourism 316 Magnitude 317 Location 317 Destination sustainability....................................................................319 Extending the Butler sequence 319 Chapter review................................. 322 Summary of key terms 323 Questions 324 Exercises 325 Further reading 325 Case study................................ 326 CHAPTER 12 Tourism research 330 Introduction.....................................................................................................331 Types of research..............................................................................................331 Basic research 331 Applied research 334 Cross-sectional research 335 Longitudinal research 336 Qualitative research 336 Quantitative research 337 Primary research 338 Secondary research 343 The research process........................................................................................345 Problem recognition 345 Question formulation 346 Identification of research methodology or methods 348 Data collection 349 Data analysis 350 Data presentation 350 Data interpretation 350 Chapter review.................................................................................................352 Summary of key terms 352 Questions 353 Exercises 354 Further reading 354 Case study........................................................................................................355 Appendix 1.......................................................................................................357 Appendix 2.......................................................................................................359 Appendix 3.......................................................................................................363 References.........................................................................................................370 Glossary............................................................................................................391 Index................................................................................................................407
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series2 Wiley Australia tourism series
spellingShingle Weaver, David B.
Lawton, Laura
Tourism management
Erholungsgebiet stw
Internationaler Tourismus stw
Makroökonomischer Einfluss stw
Soziale Folgen stw
Tourismusmarketing stw
Tourismuswirtschaft stw
Urlaubsverhalten stw
Welt stw
Öko-Tourismus stw
Ecotourism Australia
Tourism Australia Management
Tourism Australia Marketing
Management (DE-588)4037278-9 gnd
Tourismus (DE-588)4018406-7 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4037278-9
(DE-588)4018406-7
(DE-588)4003900-6
title Tourism management
title_auth Tourism management
title_exact_search Tourism management
title_full Tourism management David Weaver ; Laura Lawton
title_fullStr Tourism management David Weaver ; Laura Lawton
title_full_unstemmed Tourism management David Weaver ; Laura Lawton
title_short Tourism management
title_sort tourism management
topic Erholungsgebiet stw
Internationaler Tourismus stw
Makroökonomischer Einfluss stw
Soziale Folgen stw
Tourismusmarketing stw
Tourismuswirtschaft stw
Urlaubsverhalten stw
Welt stw
Öko-Tourismus stw
Ecotourism Australia
Tourism Australia Management
Tourism Australia Marketing
Management (DE-588)4037278-9 gnd
Tourismus (DE-588)4018406-7 gnd
topic_facet Erholungsgebiet
Internationaler Tourismus
Makroökonomischer Einfluss
Soziale Folgen
Tourismusmarketing
Tourismuswirtschaft
Urlaubsverhalten
Welt
Öko-Tourismus
Ecotourism Australia
Tourism Australia Management
Tourism Australia Marketing
Management
Tourismus
Australien
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