Road vehicle dynamics
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| adam_text | ROAD VEHICLE DYNAMICS CONTENTS FOREWORD XVII PREFACE XIX CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 GENERAL 1 1.2 VEHICLE SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION 2 1.3
DYNAMIC SYSTEM 3 1.4 CLASSIFICATION OF DYNAMIC SYSTEM MODELS 4 1.5
CONSTRAINTS, GENERALIZED COORDINATES, AND DEGREES OF FREEDOM 4 1.6
DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS 10 1.7 VIBRATION ANALYSIS 10 1.8
ELEMENTS OF VIBRATING SYSTEMS 15 1.8.1 SPRING ELEMENTS 15 1.8.2
POTENTIAL ENERGY OF LINEAR SPRINGS 18 1.8.3 EQUIVALENT SPRINGS 18
1.8.3.1 SPRINGS IN PARALLEL 19 1.8.3.2 SPRINGS IN SERIES 20 1.8.4 MASS
OR INERTIA ELEMENTS 25 1.8.5 DAMPING ELEMENTS 25 1.8.5.1 VISCOUS DAMPING
25 1.8.5.2 COULOMB DAMPING 27 1.8.5.3 STRUCTURAL OR HYSTERETIC DAMPING
29 1.8.5.4 COMBINATION OF DAMPING ELEMENTS 30 1.9 REVIEW OF DYNAMICS 32
1.9.1 NEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION 32 1.9.2 KINEMATICS OF RIGID BODIES 33
1.9.3 LINEAR MOMENTUM 37 1.9.4 PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF LINEAR
MOMENTUM 37 1.9.5 ANGULAR MOMENTUM 38 1.9.6 EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR A
RIGID BODY 39 1.9.7 , ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF A RIGID BODY 39 1.9.8
PRINCIPLE OF WORK AND ENERGY 40 1.9.9 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY 41 1.9.10
PRINCIPLE OF IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM 42 1.9.11 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 45 1.9.12
TRANSLATIONAL SYSTEMS 46 1.9.13 ROTATIONAL SYSTEMS 47 1.9.14 TRANSLATION
AND ROTATIONAL SYSTEMS 48 1.9.15 ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND MOMENTS OF INERTIA
48 1.9.16 GEARED SYSTEMS 52 1.10 LAGRANGE S EQUATION 59 1.10.1 DEGREES
OF FREEDOM 59 1.10.2 GENERALIZED COORDINATES 60 1.10.3 CONSTRAINTS 61
1.10.4 PRINCIPLE OF VIRTUAL WORK 63 VI I ROAD VEHICLE DYNAMICS 1.10.5
D ALEMBERT S PRINCIPLE 1.10.6 GENERALIZED FORCE 1.10.7 LAGRANGE S
EQUATIONS OF MOTION 1.10.8 HOLONOMIC SYSTEMS 1.10.9 NONHOLONOMIC SYSTEMS
1.10.10 RAYLEIGH S DISSIPATION FUNCTION 1.11 SUMMARY 1.12 REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2 ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2
CLASSIFICATION OF VIBRATIONS 2.3 CLASSIFICATION OF DETERMINISTIC DATA
2.3.1 SINUSOIDAL PERIODIC DATA 2.3.2 COMPLEX PERIODIC DATA 2.3.3 ALMOST
PERIODIC DATA 2.3.4 TRANSIENT NONPERIODIC DATA 2.4 LINEAR DYNAMIC
SYSTEMS 2.4.1 LINEAR SINGLE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEM 2.4.2 FREE
VIBRATION OF A SINGLE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEM 2.4.3 FORCED VIBRATION OF
A S INGLE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEM.... . 2.4.4 LINEAR
MULTIPLE-DEGREES-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEM 2.4.5 EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS:
UNDAMPED SYSTEM 2.4.6 EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS: DAMPED SYSTEM 2.4.7
FORCED VIBRATION SOLUTION OF A MULTIPLE-DEGREES- OF-FREEDOM SYSTEM 2.5
NONLINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEMS 2.5.1 EXACT METHODS FOR NONLINEAR SYSTEMS
2.5.2 APPROXIMATE METHODS FOR NONLINEAR SYSTEMS 2.5.2.1 ITERATIVE METHOD
2.5.2.2 RITZ AVERAGING METHOD 2.5.2.3 PERTURBATION METHOD 2.5.2.4
VARIATION OF PARAMETER METHOD 2.5.3 GRAPHICAL METHOD 2.5.3.1 PHASE PLANE
REPRESENTATION 2.5.3.2 PHASE VELOCITY 2.5.3.3 PELL S METHOD 2.5.4
MULTIPLE-DEGREES-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS 2.6 RANDOM VIBRATIONS 2.6.1
PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION 2.6.2 AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTION 2.7 GAUSSIAN
RANDOM PROCESS 2.7.1 FOURIER ANALYSIS 2.7.1.1 FOURIER SERIES 2.7.1.2
FOURIER INTEGRAL 2.7.2 RESPONSE OF A SINGLE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM VIBRATING
SYSTEM. 2.7.2.1 IMPULSE RESPONSE METHOD 2.7.2.2 FREQUENCY RESPONSE
METHOD 2.7.3 POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY FUNCTION 2.7.4 JOINT PROBABILITY
DENSITY FUNCTION 2.7.5 CROSS-CORRELATION FUNCTION CONTENTS VII 2.7.6
APPLICATION OF POWER SPECTRAL DENSITIES TO VEHICLE DYNAMICS 166 2.7.7
RESPONSE OF A SINGLE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEM TO RANDOM INPUTS 168 2.7.8
RESPONSE OF MULTIPLE-DEGREES-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS TO RANDOM INPUTS 170 2.8
SUMMARY 174 2.9 REFERENCES 174 CHAPTER 3 TIRE DYNAMICS 177 3.1
INTRODUCTION 177 3.2 VERTICAL DYNAMICS OF TIRES 180 3.2.1 VERTICAL
STIFFNESS AND DAMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF TIRES 180 3.2.2 VERTICAL
VIBRATION MECHANICS MODELS OF TIRES 181 3.2.2.1 POINT CONTACT MODEL OF
TIRES 181 3.2.2.2 FIXED CONTACT PATCH MODEL OF TIRES 182 3.2.2.3
TIME-VARYING CONTACT PATCH MODEL OF TIRES 183 3.2.3 ENVELOPING
CHARACTERISTICS OF TIRES 185 3.3 TIRE LONGITUDINAL DYNAMICS 186 3.3.1
TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE 187 3.3.2 ROLLING RESISTANCE OF THE TIRE WITH
TOE-IN 188 3.3.3 ROLLING RESISTANCE OF THE TURNING WHEEL 189 3.3.4
LONGITUDINAL ADHESION COEFFICIENT 191 3.3.5 THEORETICAL MODEL OF TIRE
LONGITUDINAL FORCE UNDER DRIVING AND BRAKING 194 3.4 TIRE LATERAL
DYNAMICS 196 3.4.1 TIRE CORNERING CHARACTERISTICS 196 3.4.2 MATHEMATICAL
MODEL OF THE TIRE CORNERING CHARACTERISTIC 198 3.4.2.1 SIMPLIFIED
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE TIRE CORNERING CHARACTERISTIC 199 3.4.2.2
CORNERING CHARACTERISTIC WITH LATERAL BENDING DEFORMATION OF THE TIRE
CASE 204 3.4.3 ROLLING PROPERTIES OF TIRES 208 3.4.3.1 CAMBERED TIRE
MODELS 209 3.4.3.2 CAMBERED TIRE MODEL WITH ROLL ELASTIC DEFORMATION OF
THE TIRE CARCASS 211 3.5 TIRE MECHANICS MODEL CONSIDERING LONGITUDINAL
SLIP AND CORNERING CHARACTERISTICS 211 3.5.1 C.G. GIM THEORETICAL MODEL
212 3.5.2 K.H. GUO TIRE MODEL 214 3.5.2.1 STEADY-STATE SIMPLIFIED
THEORETICAL TIRE MODEL 214 3.5.2.2 NONSTEADY-STATE SEMI-EMPIRICAL TIRE
MECHANICS MODEL 219 3.5.3 H.B. PACEJKA MAGIC FORMULA MODEL 224 3.6
REFERENCES 228 CHAPTER 4 RIDE DYNAMICS 231 4.1 INTRODUCTION 231 4.2
VIBRATION ENVIRONMENT IN ROAD VEHICLES 233 4.2.1 VIBRATION SOURCES FROM
THE ROAD 233 4.2.1.1 POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY IN SPATIAL FREQUENCY 233
VIII I ROAD VEHICLE DYNAMICS 4.2.1.2 POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY IN TEMPORAL
FREQUENCY .. 4.2.2 VEHICLE INTERNAL VIBRATION SOURCES 4.2.2.1 VIBRATION
SOURCES FROM THE POWERPLANT 4.2.2.1.1 COORDINATES AND POWERPLANT MODES..
4.2.2.1.2 VIBRATION SOURCES FROM ENGINE FIRINJ PULSATION 4.2.2.1.3
VIBRATION SOURCES FROM POWERPLANT INERTIA FORCES AND MOMENTS 4.2.2.1.4
POWERPLANT ISOLATION DESIGN 4.2.2.2 VIBRATION SOURCES FROM THE DRIVELINE
4.2.2.2.1 DRIVELINE IMBALANCE 4.2.2.2.2 GEAR TRANSMISSION ERROR
4.2.2.2.3 SECOND ORDER EXCITATION 4.2.2.2.4 DRIVESHAFT MODES AND
DRIVELINE MODES 4.2.2.3 VIBRATION SOURCES FROM THE EXHAUST SYSTEM 4.3
VEHICLE RIDE MODELS 4.3.1 QUARTER CAR MODEL 4.3.1.1 MODELING FOR THE
QUARTER CAR MODEL 4.3.1.2 MODAL ANALYSIS FOR THE QUARTER CAR MODEL
4.3.1.3 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS FOR THE QUARTER CAR MODEL 4.3.1.3.1
TRANSMISSIBILITY BETWEEN THE BODY RESPONSE AND ROAD EXCITATION 4.3.1.3.2
TRANSMISSIBILITY BETWEEN THE BODY RESPONSE AND VEHICLE EXCITATION
4.3.1.3.3 DYNAMIC RESPONSE AT RANDOM INPUT. 4.3.2 BOUNCE-PITCH MODEL
4.3.3 OTHER MODELING 4.4 SEAT EVALUATION AND MODELING 4.4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.4.2 SEAT VALUE 4.4.3 SEAT VELOCITY 4.4.4 LINEAR SEAT MODELING AND
TRANSMISSIBILITY 4.4.5 NONLINEAR SEAT MODELING AND TRANSMISSIBILITY 4.5
DISCOMFORT EVALUATION AND HUMAN BODY MODEL 4.5.1 DISCOMFORT AND
SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION 4.5.2 OBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF RIDE DISCOMFORT
4.5.2.1 WEIGHTED ROOT-MEAN-SQUARE METHOD 4.5.2.2 OBJECTIVE EVALUATION BY
THE VIBRATION DOSE VALUE 4.5.3 LINEAR HUMAN BODY MODELING 4.5.4
OBJECTIVE EVALUATION BY NONLINEAR SEAT-HUMAN BODY MODELING 4.6 ACTIVE
AND SEMI-ACTIVE CONTROL 4.6.1 INTRODUCTION 4.6.2 BASIC CONTROL CONCEPTS
4.6.3 ACTIVE CONTROL 4.6.4 SEMI-ACTIVE CONTROL 4.7 SUMMARY 4.8
REFERENCES CONTENTS IX CHAPTER 5 VEHICLE ROLLOVER ANALYSIS 311 5.1
INTRODUCTION 311 5.1.1 ROLLOVER SCENARIO 311 5.1.2 IMPORTANCE OF
ROLLOVER 314 5.1.3 RESEARCH ON ROLLOVER 314 5.1.4 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
315 5.2 RIGID VEHICLE ROLLOVER MODEL 316 5.2.1 RIGID VEHICLE MODEL 316
5.2.2 STEADY-STATE ROLLOVER ON A FLAT ROAD 317 5.2.3 TILT TABLE RATIO
318 5.2.4 SIDE PULL RATIO 320 5.3 SUSPENDED VEHICLE ROLLOVER MODEL 321
5.3.1 STEADY-STATE ROLLOVER MODEL FOR A SUSPENDED VEHICLE 321 5.3.2
CONTRIBUTION FROM THE TIRE DEFLECTION 323 5.3.3 CONTRIBUTION FROM THE
SUSPENSION DEFLECTION 324 5.3.4 PARAMETERS INFLUENCING THE SUSPENDED
ROLLOVER MODEL 326 5.4 DYNAMIC ROLLOVER MODEL 333 5.4.1 RIGID DYNAMIC
MODEL 333 5.4.2 DYNAMIC ROLLOVER MODEL FOR A DEPENDENT SUSPENSION
VEHICLE 334 5.4.3 DYNAMIC ROLLOVER MODEL FOR AN INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION
VEHICLE 336 5.4.4 ROLLOVER SIMULATION TOOLS 336 5.5 DYNAMIC ROLLOVER
THRESHOLD 338 5.5.1 DYNAMIC STABILITY INDEX 338 5.5.2 ROLLOVER
PREVENTION ENERGY RESERVE 339 5.5.3 ROLLOVER PREVENTION METRIC 340 5.5.4
CRITICAL SLIDING VELOCITY 340 5.6 OCCUPANT IN ROLLOVER 341 5.6.1
OVERVIEW OF THE OCCUPANT AND ROLLOVER 341 5.6.2 TESTING OF AN OCCUPANT
MODEL 342 5.6.3 SIMULATION OF OCCUPANT ROLLOVER 343 5.7 SAFETY AND
ROLLOVER CONTROL 345 5.7.1 OVERVIEW OF ROLLOVER SAFETY 345 5.7.2 SENSING
OF ROLLOVER 349 5.7.3 ROLLOVER SAFETY CONTROL 350 5.8 SUMMARY 352 5.9
REFERENCES 353 CHAPTER 6 HANDLING DYNAMICS 357 6.1 INTRODUCTION 357
6.1.1 TIRE CORNERING FORCES 358 6.1.2 FORCES AND TORQUES IN THE TIRE
CONTACT AREA 360 6.2 THE SIMPLEST HANDLING MODELS*TWO-DEGREES-OF-FREEDOM
YAW PLANE MODEL 361 6.3 STEADY-STATE HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS 365 6.3.1
YAW VELOCITY GAIN AND UNDERSTEER GRADIENT 365 6.3.1.1 NEUTRAL STEER 367
6.3.1.2 UNDERSTEER 367 6.3.1.3 OVERSTEER 368 6.3.2 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
SLIP ANGLES OF THE FRONT AND REAR WHEELS 368 ROAD VEHICLE DYNAMICS 6.3.3
RATIO OF RADIUS OF TURN 6.4 DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HANDLING 6.4.1
HANDLING DAMPING AND NATURAL FREQUENCY 6.4.2 STEP STEER INPUT RESPONSE
6.4.3 RAMP STEER INPUT RESPONSE 6.4.4 IMPULSE INPUT EXCITATION RESPONSE
6.4.5 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF YAW VELOCITY 6.4.6 STABILITY ANALYSIS 6.4.7
CURVATURE RESPONSE .... 6.5 CHASSIS SYSTEM EFFECTS ON HANDLING
CHARACTERISTICS 6.5.1 LATERAL FORCE TRANSFER EFFECTS ON CORNERING 6.5.2
STEERING SYSTEM 6.5.3 CAMBER CHANGE EFFECT 6.5.4 ROLL STEER EFFECT 6.5.5
LATERAL FORCE COMPLIANCE STEER 6.5.6 ALIGNING TORQUE EFFECTS 6.5.7
EFFECT OF TRACTIVE FORCES ON CORNERING 6.6 HANDLING SAFETY*OVERTURNING
LIMIT HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS. 6.7 NONLINEAR MODELS OF HANDLING
DYNAMICS 6.7.1 MULTIPLE-DEGREES-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEM MODELS 6.7.2 AN
EIGHT-DEGREES-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEM MODEL 6.8 TESTING OF HANDLING
CHARACTERISTICS 6.8.1 CONSTANT RADIUS TURN 6.8.2 CONSTANT SPEED TEST
6.8.3 CONSTANT STEER ANGLE TEST 6.8.3.1 DYNAMIC TESTING 6.8.3.2
SIMULATIONS AND TESTING VALIDATION 6.9 SUMMARY 6.10 REFERENCES CHAPTER 7
BRAKING 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.1.1 TYPES OF AUTOMOTIVE BRAKES 7.1.2 BRAKING
DISTANCE AND DECELERATION 7.2 BRAKE TORQUE DISTRIBUTION 7.2.1 DRUM
BRAKES 7.2.1.1 MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE 7.2.1.2 TORQUE CALCULATIONS 7.2.2
DISK BRAKES 7.2.3 CONSIDERATION OF TEMPERATURE 7.3 LOAD TRANSFER DURING
BRAKING 7.3.1 SIMPLE BRAKING ON A HORIZONTAL ROAD 7.3.2 EFFECT OF
AERODYNAMIC AND OTHER FORCES 7.3.2.1 ROLLING RESISTANCE 7.3.2.2
AERODYNAMIC DRAG 7.3.2.3 POWERTRAIN RESISTANCE 7.3.2.4 LOAD TRANSFER ON
A HORIZONTAL PLANE 7.3.3 EFFECT OF GRADE 7.4 OPTIMAL BRAKING PERFORMANCE
7.4.1 BRAKING OF A SINGLE AXLE 7.4.1.1 BRAKING OF THE FRONT AXLE
CONTENTS XI 7.4.1.2 BRAKING OF THE REAR AXLE 441 7.4.1.3 SAFETY
CONSIDERATIONS 443 7.4.2 BRAKING AT BOTH AXLES 444 7.4.2.1 FRONT LOCK-UP
445 7.4.2.2 REAR LOCK-UP 446 7.4.3 . ACHIEVING OPTIMAL BRAKING
PERFORMANCE 450 7.5 CONSIDERATIONS OF VEHICLE SAFETY 459 7.5.1 SKID
(SLIP) CONDITION AND BRAKING 460 7.5.2 ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 462 7.6
PITCH PLANE MODELS 464 7.7 RECENT ADVANCES IN AUTOMOTIVE BRAKING 464 7.8
SUMMARY 466 7.9 REFERENCES 468 CHAPTER 8 ACCELERATION 471 8.1
INTRODUCTION 471 8.2 LOAD TRANSFER DURING ACCELERATION 473 8.2.1 SIMPLE
ACCELERATION ON A HORIZONTAL ROAD 473 8.2.2 EFFECT OF AERODYNAMIC AND
OTHER FORCES 475 8.2.3 EFFECT OF GRADE 477 8.3 TRACTION-LIMITED
ACCELERATION 480 8.3.1 DRIVETRAIN CONFIGURATIONS 480 8.3.2 FRONT-WHEEL
DRIVE 483 8.3.3 REAR-WHEEL DRIVE 484 8.3.4 ALL-WHEEL-DRIVE AND
FOUR-BY-FOUR SYSTEMS 486 8.3.4.1 FRONT SKID 486 8.3.4.2 REAR SKID 487
8.3.5 OPTIMAL TRACTIVE EFFORT 490 8.4 POWER-LIMITED ACCELERATION 499
8.4.1 THE ENGINE 501 8.4.2 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 504 8.4.3 THE
TRANSMISSION 508 8.4.3.1 MANUAL TRANSMISSIONS 509 8.4.3.2 AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSIONS 514 8.4.3.3 CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSIONS 519 8.4.4
VEHICLE ACCELERATION 521 8.5 SAFETY FEATURES 526 8.5.1 LIMITED SLIP AXLE
526 8.5.2 TRACTION CONTROL 527 8.6 SUMMARY 528 8.7 REFERENCES 529
CHAPTER 9 TOTAL VEHICLE DYNAMICS 531 9.1 INTRODUCTION 531 9.1.1
SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE EVALUATIONS 531 9.1.2 TARGET SETTING 532 9.1.3
VEHICLE DYNAMICS TESTS AND EVALUATIONS 533 9.1.3.1 RIDE 533 9.1.3.2
STEERING 534 9.1.3.3 HANDLING 535 XII ROAD VEHICLE DYNAMICS 9.1.3.4
BRAKING 9.1.3.5 PERFORMANCE 9.2 STEERING AND BRAKING 9.2.1 SIMPLE
BRAKING AND STEERING ON A HORIZONTAL ROAD 9.2.2 OPTIMAL BRAKING
PERFORMANCE UNDER STEERING 9.2.2.1 FRONT LOCK-UP 9.2.2.2 REAR LOCK-UP
9.3 STEERING AND ACCELERATION 9.3.1 SIMPLE ACCELERATION AND STEERING ON
A HORIZONTAL ROAD. 9.3.2 OPTIMAL ACCELERATION PERFORMANCE UNDER STEERING
9.3.2.1 FRONT SKID 9.3.2.2 REAR SKID 9.4 VEHICLE CRITICAL SPEED 9.5
VEHICLE STABILITY 9.6 SUMMARY 9.7 REFERENCES CHAPTER 10 ACCIDENT
RECONSTRUCTION 10.1 INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES 10.2 BASIC EQUATIONS OF
MOTION 10.3 DRAG FACTOR AND COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION 10.4 WORK, ENERGY,
AND THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY 10.5 DRIVER PERCEPTION AND
RESPONSE 10.6 ENGINEERING MODELS AND ANIMATIONS 10.6.1 FUNCTION OF
ACCIDENT SCENE MODELS 10.6.2 MODEL APPLICATION 10.6.3 RECONSTRUCTION
ANIMATIONS 10.7 LANE CHANGE MANEUVER MODEL 10.8 SPEED ESTIMATES FOR
FALL, FLIP, OR VAULT 10.8.1 FALL 10.8.2 FLIP 10.8.3 VAULT 10.9 SPEED
ESTIMATES FROM YAW MARKS 10.10 IMPACT ANALYSIS 10.10.1 STRAIGHT CENTRAL
IMPACT 10.10.2 NONCENTRAL COLLISIONS 10.10.3 CRUSH ENERGY AND AV 10.11
VEHICLE-PEDESTRIAN COLLISIONS 10.11.1 PEDESTRIAN TRAJECTORIES 10.11.2
MATHEMATICAL AND HYBRID MODELS 10.12 ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION SOFTWARE
10.12.1 SOFTWARE ACRONYMS: REC-TEC WITH DRIVE 3 AND MSMAC RT 10.12.2
VCRWARE 10.12.3 CRASHEX 10.12.4 ARSOFTWARE . 10.12.5 ENGINEERING
DYNAMICS CORPORATION , 10.12.6 MACINNIS ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES (MEA) AND
MEA FORENSIC ENGINEERS & SCIENTISTS 10.12.7 MAINE COMPUTER GROUP 10.12.8
MCHENRY SOFTWARE, INC 10.12.9 SOFTWARE ACRONYM: VDANL CONTENTS XIII
10.12.10 EXPERT AUTOSTATS*VEHICLE DIMENSION-WEIGHT-PERFORMANCE DATA 622
10.12.11 OTHER ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION SOFTWARE SITES 622 10.13
LOW-SPEED SIDESWIPE COLLISIONS 623 10.13.1 FUNK-CORMIER-BAIN MODEL 624
10.13.2 MODELING PROCEDURE 625 10.14 SUMMARY 629 10.15 REFERENCES 629
APPENDIX A VECTOR ALGEBRA 635 A.I REAL AND COMPLEX VECTORS ! 635 A.2
LAWS OF VECTOR OPERATION 636 A.3 LINEAR DEPENDENCE 636 A.4
THREE-DIMENSIONAL VECTORS 637 A.5 PROPERTIES OF THE SCALAR PRODUCT OF
VECTORS 638 A.6 DIRECTION ANGLES 638 A.7 VECTOR PRODUCT 638 A.8
DERIVATIVE OF A VECTOR 639 A.9 REFERENCES 640 APPENDIX B MATRIX ANALYSIS
643 B.I INTRODUCTION 643 B.2 DEFINITIONS OF MATRICES 643 B.3 MATRIX
OPERATIONS 648 B.4 MATRIX INVERSION 651 B.5 DETERMINANTS 652 B.6 MORE ON
MATRIX INVERSION 657 B.7 SYSTEM OF ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS 660 B.8
EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS 664 B.9 QUADRATIC FORMS 668 B.10 POSITIVE
DEFINITE MATRIX 668 B.LL NEGATIVE DEFINITE MATRIX 670 B.12 INDEFINITE
MATRIX 671 B.13 NORM OF A VECTOR 671 B.14 PARTITIONING OF MATRICES 672
B.15 AUGMENTED MATRIX 673 B.16 MATRIX CALCULUS 674 B.17 SUMMARY 675 B.18
REFERENCES 675 B.19 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 676 APPENDIX C LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
679 C.I LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION 679 C.2 EXISTENCE OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM
680 C.3 INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM 681 C.4 PROPERTIES OF THE LAPLACE
TRANSFORM 681 C.4.1 MULTIPLICATION BY A CONSTANT 681 C.4.2 SUM AND
DIFFERENCE 682 C5 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS 682 C.5.1 EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 682
C.5.2 STEP FUNCTION 682 XIV ROAD VEHICLE DYNAMICS C.5.3 RAMP FUNCTION
C.5.4 PULSE FUNCTION C.5.5 IMPULSE FUNCTION C.5.6 DIRAC DELTA FUNCTION
C.5.7 SINUSOIDAL FUNCTION C.6 MULTIPLICATION OF F(T) BY E~ AT C.7
DIFFERENTIATION C.8 INTEGRATION C.9 FINAL VALUE THEOREM CIO INITIAL
VALUE THEOREM C.LL SHIFT IN TIME C.12 COMPLEX SHIFTING C.13 REAL
CONVOLUTION (COMPLEX MULTIPLICATION) C.14 INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
C.14.1 PARTIAL FRACTION EXPANSIONS C. 14.2 CASE I*PARTIAL FRACTION
EXPANSION WHEN Q (S) HAS DISTINCT ROOTS C. 14.3 CASE II*PARTIAL FRACTION
EXPANSION WHEN Q (S) HAS COMPLEX CONJUGATE ROOTS C. 14.4 CASE
III*PARTIAL FRACTION EXPANSION WHEN Q (S) HAS REPEATED ROOTS C.15
SOLUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS.... C.I6 SUMMARY C.I7 REFERENCES
APPENDIX D GLOSSARY OF TERMS APPENDIX E DIRECT NUMERICAL INTEGRATION
METHODS E.I INTRODUCTION E.2 SINGLE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEM E.2.1
FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD E.2.2 CENTRAL DIFFERENCE METHOD E.2.3
RUNGE-KUTTA METHOD E.3 MULTIPLE-DEGREES-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEM E.4 EXPLICIT
SCHEMES E.4.1 CENTRAL DIFFERENCE METHOD E.4.2 FOURTH-ORDER RUNGE-KUTTA
METHOD E.5 IMPLICIT SCHEMES E.5.1 HOUBOLT METHOD E.5.2 WILSON-9 METHOD
E.5.3 NEWMARK-P METHOD E.6 CASE STUDIES E.6.1 LINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEM
E.6.2 NONLINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEM E.7 SUMMARY E.8 REFERENCES APPENDIX F
UNITS AND CONVERSION F.I THE S.I. SYSTEM OF UNITS F.2 S.I. UNIT PREFIXES
CONTENTS XV F.3 S.I. CONVERSION 785 F.4 REFERENCES 788 APPENDIX G
ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION FORMULAE 789 G.I CENTER OF MASS 789 G.2
SLIDE-TO-A-STOP SPEED 792 G.3 YAW, SIDESLIP, AND CRITICAL CURVE SPEED
794 G.4 COMBINED SPEEDS 795 G.5 360-DEGREE MOMENTUM SPEED ANALYSIS 797
G.6 TIP AND ROLLOVER SPEED 799 G.7 WEIGHT SHIFT AND SPEED 800 G.8
KINETIC ENERGY AND SPEED 801 G.9 FALL, SLIP, AND VAULT SPEEDS 802
BIBLIOGRAPHY 805 LIST OF SYMBOLS 811 INDEX 833 ABOUT THE AUTHORS 849
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| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TL243 |
| callnumber-raw | TL243 |
| callnumber-search | TL243 |
| callnumber-sort | TL 3243 |
| callnumber-subject | TL - Motor Vehicles and Aeronautics |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)123955205 (DE-599)BVBBV035706209 |
| dewey-full | 629.2/31 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 629 - Other branches of engineering |
| dewey-raw | 629.2/31 |
| dewey-search | 629.2/31 |
| dewey-sort | 3629.2 231 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Verkehr / Transport |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV035706209 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-23T22:11:11Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780768016437 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017760048 |
| oclc_num | 123955205 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-573 |
| owner_facet | DE-573 |
| physical | XXII, 852 S. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | SAE Internat. |
| record_format | marc |
| series | SAE P |
| series2 | SAE P |
| spellingShingle | Road vehicle dynamics SAE P Auto's gtt Dinâmica veicular larpcal Dynamica gtt Automobiles Dynamics Fahrdynamik (DE-588)4016278-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4016278-3 |
| title | Road vehicle dynamics |
| title_auth | Road vehicle dynamics |
| title_exact_search | Road vehicle dynamics |
| title_full | Road vehicle dynamics Rao Dukkipati ... |
| title_fullStr | Road vehicle dynamics Rao Dukkipati ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Road vehicle dynamics Rao Dukkipati ... |
| title_short | Road vehicle dynamics |
| title_sort | road vehicle dynamics |
| topic | Auto's gtt Dinâmica veicular larpcal Dynamica gtt Automobiles Dynamics Fahrdynamik (DE-588)4016278-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Auto's Dinâmica veicular Dynamica Automobiles Dynamics Fahrdynamik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017760048&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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