Legal responses to HIV and AIDS
This book examines legal responses to HIV and AIDS and evaluates these issues in comparative perspective. It draws on legal responses to other sexually transmitted infections and contagious diseases.
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Oxford
Hart
2008
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| 100 | 1 | |a Chalmers, James |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Legal responses to HIV and AIDS |c James Chalmers |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Hart |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XX, 174 S. |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 500 | |a Introduction and overview -- Testing for HIV : legal and ethical problems -- Confidentiality and duties to warn -- Harm minimisation and the law -- HIV and deportation from the United Kingdom -- The criminalisation of HIV transmission -- Access to treatment : a brief note on patent law | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a This book examines legal responses to HIV and AIDS and evaluates these issues in comparative perspective. It draws on legal responses to other sexually transmitted infections and contagious diseases. | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HIV infections / Law and legislation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a AIDS (Disease) / Law and legislation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HIV-positive persons / Legal status, laws, etc | |
| 650 | 4 | |a AIDS (Disease) / Patients / Legal status, laws, etc | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Recht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a AIDS (Disease) |x Law and legislation |z Great Britain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a AIDS (Disease) |x Patients |x Legal status, laws, etc. |z Great Britain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HIV Infections |z Great Britain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HIV infections |x Law and legislation |z Great Britain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HIV-positive persons |x Legal status, laws, etc. |z Great Britain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Health Policy |x legislation & jurisprudence |z Great Britain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Health Services Accessibility |x legislation & jurisprudence |z Great Britain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Patient Rights |x legislation & jurisprudence |z Great Britain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Public Health |x legislation & jurisprudence |z Great Britain | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Großbritannien | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017085844&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017085844 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819707329738702848 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Table of Cases ix
Table of Legislation xv
1 Introduction and Overview 1
I. Legal Rather Than Legislative Responses 1
II. Law and the Public Health Rather than Public Health Law 3
III. Recurring Themes 6
A. Mainstreaming and Exceptionalism 6
B. Path Dependence 6
C. The Importance of Avoiding Discrimination 7
D. The Immanence of Human Rights Standards 8
IV. Exploring Legal Responses in a Variety of Contexts 8
2 Testing for HIV: Legal and Ethical Problems 11
I. Consensual Testing for HIV: Is Specific Knowledge
Required? 12
A. The Legal Framework 13
(i) The First Legal Restraint: Battery 14
(ii) The Second Legal Restraint: Liability in
Negligence 17
(iii) The Third Legal Restraint: Data Protection
Legislation 18
(iv) The Fourth Legal Restraint: The Human Tissue
Act 2004 18
B. Specific Consent and Opt-Out Testing 20
C. A Practical Caveat 21
II. Testing Without Consent: Unlinked Anonymous Testing 22
III. Antenatal Testing 31
A. Informed Consent in Antenatal Screening: A Loose
and Elusive Concept 33
B. Applying Informed Consent to Antenatal Testing
Practice 34
IV. Premarital Testing 38
V. Compulsory Testing Following Alleged Criminal Activity 40
A. The Scottish Mandatory Testing Proposals 41
B. Evaluating the Legality of Mandatory Testing 44
C. The Response to the Proposals 45
VI. Testing Existing Samples Without Consent Following
Accidental Exposure 46
A. The Legal Framework 47
B. Testing Without Consent: An Ethical Analysis 49
Contents
3 Confidentiality and Duties to Warn 53
I. Medical Confidentiality and Duties to Warn: Some Early
Views -54
A. Dr Pritchard, Dr Paterson and Dr Playfair 54
B. Embryonic Legal Restraints on Breach of Confidence 57
C. Legal Compulsion to Breach Confidence 58
II. The Development of Remedies for Breach of Confidence 59
III. Modern Practice: Can a Breach of Confidence be Justified? 61
A. When Can a Breach of Confidence be Ethically
Justified? 61
B. When Can a Breach of Confidence be Legally
Justified? 64
IV. A Step Further: Can a Breach of Confidence be Legally
Required? 65
A. Liability in Negligence for the Onward Transmission
of HIV 68
(i) Negligent Advice to One s Own Patient 68
(ii) Can There be Liability Beyond This? 69
(iii) Analysis: Categorising the Scenarios 70
(iv) The ECHR and Liability for Onward
Transmission 71
V. From Principle to Practice (Almost):
Health Protection Agency v X 72
VI. The National Health Service (Venereal Diseases)
Regulations 1974 74
A. The History and Purpose of the Regulations 75
B. Does the History and Purpose Matter? 77
VII. Conclusion 78
4 Harm Minimisation and the Law 79
I. Community Needle Exchange 80
A. The Background to the Problem 80
B. Moving Towards Needle Exchange 82
C. The Lord Advocate s Guidelines 84
D. The Efficacy of Needle Exchange 86
II. Harm Reduction Measures In Prisons 87
A. Can Harm Reduction Measures in Prison be
Compelled by Law? 89
(i) The Difficulty of Applying Tort Law Prospectively 90
(ii) Could Prison Authorities Actually be Responsible
in Tort? 91
B. Harm Reduction: The English Litigation 97
(i) Fielding 97
(ii) Shelley 98
C. An Alternative ECHR-based Approach? 100
III. Conclusion 101
vi
Contents
j 5 HIV and Deportation from the United Kingdom 103
i I. Resisting Deportation under Article 3 of the European
Convention on Human Rights 103
A. D v United Kingdom 104
B. The Practical Impact of Davoren s Case 107
C. N v Secretary of State for the Home Department 108
D. Evaluating the Decision in N 110
(i) Can this Test ever be Met? 110
(ii) Principle or Pragmatism? 112
(iii) Could the Appellate Committee have gone
Further? 114
II. An Alternative Approach: Asylum Claims Based on Fear of
Persecution 115
III. Access to HIV Treatment Following Refusal of a Claim for
Asylum 118
IV. Conclusion 121
6 The Criminalisation of HIV Transmission 123
I. Criminal Liability for the Sexual Transmission of Disease:
False Starts and an Entrenched Lacuna 124
A. Disapplying General Criminal Offences: R v Clarence 124
B. Rejecting Specific Criminal Legislation: The
Contagious Diseases Acts 128
C. The Legacy of the Contagious Diseases Acts:
Entrenching a Lacuna 129
II. Attacking the Lacuna: The Law Commission s Proposals 133
III. Closing the Lacuna: Judicial Reform 135
A. R v Ireland; R v Burstow 135
B. Rv Dica 136
IV. The Scope of the Current Law 138
A. Can Prosecutions be Brought in Respect of Other
Sexually Transmitted Infections? 138
B. Can Prosecutions only be Brought for the
Transmission of Disease? 140
C. Does the Mens Rea Requirement Necessitate a
Positive HIV Test? 140
(i) D s Awareness of the Risk of HIV Transmission 141
(ii) The Application of the Decision in R v Mowatt 144
D. What is Required for Consent to Operate as a
Defence? 145
E. What is the Effect of Refraining from High Risk
Activities? 146
V. Evidential Issues 148
vii
Contents
VI. Countervailing Considerations: The Case Against
Criminalisation 149
A. Does Criminalisation Deter People from Seeking HIV
Tests? 150
(i) The Uptake of HIV Testing in Scotland after
Kelly s Conviction 151
(ii) Unlinked Anonymous Testing 151
B. Might Criminalisation Encourage Unsafe Sexual
Behaviour? 153
C. Are Prosecutions Discriminatory? 153
VII. Seeking the Middle Ground: Prosecutorial Guidelines 155
VIILConclusion 157
7 Access to Treatment: A Brief Note on Patent Law 159
I. Patents: Nature and Justification 161
II. The International Framework: TRIPS 163
III. The Doha Declaration 164
IV. Canada s Jean Chretien Pledge to Africa Act 165
V. Conclusion 165
Index 167
viii
|
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| geographic_facet | Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV035280629 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-23T21:24:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017085844 |
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| physical | XX, 174 S. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Hart |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Chalmers, James Legal responses to HIV and AIDS HIV infections / Law and legislation AIDS (Disease) / Law and legislation HIV-positive persons / Legal status, laws, etc AIDS (Disease) / Patients / Legal status, laws, etc Recht AIDS (Disease) Law and legislation Great Britain AIDS (Disease) Patients Legal status, laws, etc. Great Britain HIV Infections Great Britain HIV infections Law and legislation Great Britain HIV-positive persons Legal status, laws, etc. Great Britain Health Policy legislation & jurisprudence Great Britain Health Services Accessibility legislation & jurisprudence Great Britain Patient Rights legislation & jurisprudence Great Britain Public Health legislation & jurisprudence Great Britain |
| title | Legal responses to HIV and AIDS |
| title_auth | Legal responses to HIV and AIDS |
| title_exact_search | Legal responses to HIV and AIDS |
| title_full | Legal responses to HIV and AIDS James Chalmers |
| title_fullStr | Legal responses to HIV and AIDS James Chalmers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Legal responses to HIV and AIDS James Chalmers |
| title_short | Legal responses to HIV and AIDS |
| title_sort | legal responses to hiv and aids |
| topic | HIV infections / Law and legislation AIDS (Disease) / Law and legislation HIV-positive persons / Legal status, laws, etc AIDS (Disease) / Patients / Legal status, laws, etc Recht AIDS (Disease) Law and legislation Great Britain AIDS (Disease) Patients Legal status, laws, etc. Great Britain HIV Infections Great Britain HIV infections Law and legislation Great Britain HIV-positive persons Legal status, laws, etc. Great Britain Health Policy legislation & jurisprudence Great Britain Health Services Accessibility legislation & jurisprudence Great Britain Patient Rights legislation & jurisprudence Great Britain Public Health legislation & jurisprudence Great Britain |
| topic_facet | HIV infections / Law and legislation AIDS (Disease) / Law and legislation HIV-positive persons / Legal status, laws, etc AIDS (Disease) / Patients / Legal status, laws, etc Recht AIDS (Disease) Law and legislation Great Britain AIDS (Disease) Patients Legal status, laws, etc. Great Britain HIV Infections Great Britain HIV infections Law and legislation Great Britain HIV-positive persons Legal status, laws, etc. Great Britain Health Policy legislation & jurisprudence Great Britain Health Services Accessibility legislation & jurisprudence Great Britain Patient Rights legislation & jurisprudence Great Britain Public Health legislation & jurisprudence Great Britain Großbritannien |
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