Handbook of research on computer mediated communication

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_version_ 1804138539004198912
adam_text TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD XXXV PREFACE XXXV II SECTION I CMC APPROACHES TO EDUCATION AND INSTRUCTION VOLUME I CHAPTERI THE UNTAPPED LEARNING POTENTIAL OFCMC IN HIGHER EDUCATION 1 CHERYL AMUNDSEN, SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY, CANADA ELAHE SOHBAL, SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY, CANADA CHAPTER 11 AFFECTIVE COLLABORATIVE INSTRUCTION WITH LIBRARIANS 15 LESLEY S. J. FARMER, CALIFORNIA SLALE UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTERIII PREPARING PARTICIPANTS FOR COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION 25 ROBERL JORDAN, US BUREAU 01LABOR SLALISTICS, USA CHAPTERIV LEARNING AND TEACHING WITH CMC IN THE U.S. HIGHER EDUCATION ARENA 34 ALLISON V.LEVEL, COLORADO SLALE UNIVERSITY, USA AMY E. HOSELH, COLORADO SLALE UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTERV HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION AND THE BEST MIXES OF FACE-TO-FACE E-L NTERACTIONS IN EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS 49 BOLANIE A. OLANIRAN, TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTERVI HIGHER EDUCATION S USE OFCOURSE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE 62 APRYL C. PRICE, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTERVSS COMPUTER MEDIATED LEARNING: APPLYING BURKE S PENTAD 73 ALISON RUTH, GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA CHAPTERVSSI EMERGENT NETWORKS IN COMPUTER-SUPPORTED GROUPS 87 MICHAEL A. STEFANONE, STATE UNIVERSIFY OFNEW YORK AT BUFFALO, USA CHAPTER IX CMC AND E-MENTORING IN MIDWIFERY 103 SARAH STEWART, UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAMI, AUSTRALIA CHAPTERX STAY TUNED FOR PODCAST U AND THE DATA ON M-LEARNING 114 DEHORAH VESS, GEORGIA COLLEGE & STATE UNIVERSITY, USA MICHAEL GASS, GEORGIA COLLEGE & STATE UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTERXI COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION AND MULTIMODAL INSTRUCTION IN HIGHER EDUCATION 128 J. PATRICK WILLIAMS, COLLEGE OFSTATEN ISLAND CITY UNIVERSITY OFNEW YORK, USA HSIN-LIANG CHEN, UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT COLUMHIA, USA CHAPTER XII MILLENNIUM LEADERSHIP LNC.: A CASE STUDY OF COMPUTER AND LNTERNET-BASED COMMUNICATION IN A SIMULATED ORGANIZATION ; 146 STACEY L. CONNAUGHTON, RUTGERS UNIVERSITY, USA BRENT D. RUHEN, RUTGERS UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTERXISS HIGHER ORDER THINKING IN ONLINE COURSES 167 KIF HANG LEUNG, MCGILL UNIVERSITY, CANADA SECTION SS CREDIBILITY AND IDENTITY IN CYBERSPACE CHAPTER XIV . SHIFTING TRENDS IN EVALUATING THE CREDIBILITY OF CMC 185 SHAWN APOSTEL, MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, USA MOE FOLK, MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTERXV TEACHING CREDIBILITY OF SOURCES IN AN AGE OF CMC 196 ERIN BOWER, SONOMA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA KAREN BRODSKY, SONOMA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTERXVI COMPOSING IDENTITY IN ONLINE LNSTRUCTIONAL CONTEXTS 207 KEVIN ERIC DEPEW, OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTER XVII COMPUTER MEDIATED NEGOTIATIONS AND DECEPTION 220 GABRIEL A. GIORDANO, UNIVERSITY OF NAVARRA, SPAIN JASON STONER, OHIO UNIVERSITY, USA ROBYN L. BROUER, HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY, USA JOEY F. GEORGE, FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTER XVIII CMC AND THE NATURE OFHUMAN/MACHINE INTERFACE 230 GERALD S. GREENBURG, OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTERXIX BUILDING IDENTITY THROUGH ONLINE COLLABORATION 240 JANICE M KRUEGER, CLARION UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, USA CHAPTER XX REVIEWER MOTIVATIONS, BIAS, AND CREDIBILITY IN ONLINE REVIEWS 252 JO MACKIEWICZ, AUBURN UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTERXXI THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONAL WEB SITES 267 KARL-HEINZ RENNER, OTTO-FRIEDRICH UNIVERSITY OF BAMBERG, GERMANY ASTRID SCHUETZ, CHEMNITZ UNIVERSITY OFTECHNOLOGY, GERMANY CHAPTER XXII PERSUASIVE DESIGN 283 PER F. V HASLE, AALBORG UNIVERSITY, DENMARK ANNE-KATHRINE KJCER CHRISTENSEN, AALBORG UNIVERSITY, DENMARK CHAPTER XXIII DECEPTIVE COMMUNICATION IN E-COLLABORATION 297 JOEY F. GEORGE, FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA KENT MARETT, WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY, USA SECTION III CMC, COMMUNITY, AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE CHAPTER XXIV MULTITASKING CMC TO STUDY CONNECTED ORGANIZATIONS 309 J PATRIEK BIDDIX, VALDOSTA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTERXXV SENSE OF VIRTUAL COMMUNITY 325 ANITA BLANEHARD, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, USA CHAPTER XXVI TOWARDS A COMMUNICATION-BASED APPROACH TO CYBER-BULLYING 339 ARTEMIO RAMIREZ, JR., THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA MATTHEW S. EASTIN, THE UNIVERSITY OFTEXAS AT AUSTIN, USA JENNIFER CHAKROFF LASEIL COLLEGE, USA VINEENT CIEEHIRI/LO, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTER XXVIT PUBLISHING AN INTERNET E-ZINE 353 JOE E. BUMS, SOUTHEASTEM LOUISIANA UNIVERSITY, USA DIANNA LAURENT, SOUTHEASTEM LOUISIANA UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTER XXVITI COMUNICATING ELECTRONICALLY WHEN TOO FAR AWAY TO VISIT 365 ZEYNEP CEMALEI/AR, KOE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY CHAPTER XXIX WEBCOM: A MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING WEB SITE COMMUNICATION 379 MIKKEL GODSK, UNIVERSITY OF AARHUS, DENMARK ANJA BEEHMANN PETERSEN, UNIVERSITY OF AARHUS, DENMARK CHAPTERXXX VIRTUAL COLLABORATION IN IMMERSIVE AND NON-IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS 401 ROSANNA E. GUADAGNO, THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA, USA KATRIN ALLMENDINGER, FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, GERMANY CHAPTER XXXI P2P FILE SHARING- THE LIFE AND DEATH OF GNUTELLA 411 DANNY HUGHES, LANEASTER UNIVERSITY, UK JAMES WALKERDINE, LANEASTER UNIVERSITY, UK CHAPTER XXXIT KNOWLEDGE COMMUNICATION WITH SHARED DATABASES 424 JOAEHIM KIMMERLE, UNIVERSITY OFTUEBINGEN, GERMANY ULRIKE CRESS, KNOWLEDGE MEDIA RESEARCH CENTER, GERMANY CHAPTER XXXIII TERMINOLOGICAL OBFUSCATION IN ONLINE RESEARCH 436 PATRICIA G. LANGE, UNIVERSITY 0/ SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, USA CHAPTER XXXIV DISCOURSE AND NETWORK ANALYSES OF LEARNING CONVERSATIONS 451 H L. LIM, THE PETROLEUM INSTITUTE, UAE FAY SUDWEEKS, MURDOCH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA CHAPTER XXXV SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATIONS 477 BRADLEY M OKDIE, THE UNIVERSITY 0/ ALABAMA, USA ROSANNA E GUADAGNO, THE UNIVERSITY 0/ ALABAMA, USA CHAPTER XXXVI DIVERGENT NEWS MEDIA IN COMPUTER MEDIATED NEWS COMMUNICATION 492 MICHAEL OPGENHAFFEN, LESSIUS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, BELGIUM VOLUME 11 CHAPTER XXXVII COMPUTER MEDIATED COLLABORATION 508 BARRIE JO PRICE, THE UNIVERSITY 0/ ALABAMA, USA CHAPTER XXXVIII ACEESSIBLE DESIGN FOR COMMUNIEATION ON THE WEB 527 DAVID ROBINS, KENT STATE UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTER XXXIX AN ANALYSIS OF A DEEADE OF RESEARCH PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL 0/ COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION 541 JAMIE S. SWITZER, COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTERXL THE USE OF STORY IN BUILDING ONLINE GROUP RELATIONSHIPS 551 STEPHEN THORPE, AUCKLAND UNIVERSITY O/TECHNOLOGY, NEW ZEALAND CHAPTERXLI FORM AND FUNETION OFMETACOMMUNIEATION IN CMC 570 MIRJAM WEDER, UNIVERSITY 0/ BASEL, SWITZERLAND CHAPTER XLII DIGITAL STORYTELLING FROM ARTIFIEIAL INTELLIGENEE TO YOU TUBE 587 JULIE D. WOLETZ, JOHANN WO/FGANG GOETHE UNIVERSITY, GERMANY CHAPTER XLIII CMC FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF PSYCHOTHERAPY 602 MARKUS WOLF, UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY STEPHANIE BAUER, UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY CHAPTER XLIV MODERATING DISCUSSION GROUPS USING COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION 619 MAURI P. COLLINS, UNIVERSITY O/NEVADA LAS VEGAS, USA ZANE L. BERGE, UNIVERSITY 0/ MARYLAND, BALTIMORE COUNTY, USA CHAPTERXLV LOCATING PRESENCE AND POSITIONS IN ONLINE FOCUS GROUP TEXT WITH STANCE-SHIFT ANALYSIS 634 BOYD DAVIS, UNIVERSITY 0/ NORTH CAROLINA-CHARLOTTE, USA PEYTON MASON, LINGUISTICS INSIGHTS, INC., USA CHAPTER XLVI THE IMPACT OFPERSONALITY ON VIRTUAL TEAM CREATIVITY AND QUALITY 647 ROSALIE J OCKER, THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTER XLVII E-MENTORING: AN EXTENDED PRACTICE, AN EMERGING DISCIPLINE 656 ANGELICA RISQUEZ, UNIVERSITY 0/ LIMERICK, IRELAND SECTION IV TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO CMC CHAPTER XLVIII PODCASTIA: IMAGINING COMMUNITIES OF POD-PEOPLE 679 JONATHAN COHN, UCLA, USA CHAPTER XLIX E-MAIL DISTRIBUTION LISTS IN ADULT LEAMING: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 690 MAURI P. COLLINS, UNIVERSITY 0/ NEVADA LAS VEGAS, USA ZANE L. BERGE, UNIVERSITY 0/ MARYLAND, BALTIMORE COUNTY, USA CHAPTERL THE USE OFCMC TECHNOLOGIES IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES 705 COURTNEY D. CRUMMETT, NATIONAL LIBRARY 0/ MEDICINE, NATIONAL INSTITUTES 0/ HEALTH, USA ANNA H PERRAULT, SOUTH FLORIDA UNIVERSITY, TAMPA, USA CHAPTERLI BLOGS - A COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION TOOL FOR VIRTUAL TEAM COLLABORATION 720 ASHOK DARISIPUDI, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, USA SUSHIL K. SHARMA, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTER LII CORPORATE BLOGGING 73 I UMA DORAISWAMY, WESTERN KENTUEKY UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTER LIII SEEK AND YE SHALL FIND 740 SUELY FRAGOSO, UNISINOS, BRAZIL CHAPTER LIV TURN TAKING IN E-MAIL DISCUSSIONS 755 SAND RA HARRISON, COVENTRY UNIVERSITY, UK CHAPTERLV INNOVATION AND UTILITY IN THE OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORK 773 ROBERT KARL KOSLOWSKY. INDEPENDENT SCHOLAR, USA CHAPTER LVI DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY 791 ERIE T. MEYER, UNIVERSITY O/OX/ORD, UK CHAPTER LVII IM S GROWTH, BENEFITS, AND IMPACT ON COMMUNICATION 804 SARA R%FSKY MAREUS, QUEENS COLLEGE GSLIS, USA CHAPTER LVIII PODCASTING AND REALLY SIMPLE SYNDICATION (RSS) 815 ANNA C. MEFADDEN, THE UNIVERSITY 0/ ALABAMA, USA CHAPTER LIX COMPUTER MEDIATED SPEECH TECHNOLOGY - PERCEPTIONS OF SYNTHETIC SPEECH AND ATTITUDES 831 JOHN W MULLENNIX, UNIVERSITY 0/ PITTSBURGH AT JOHNSTOWN, USA STEVEN E. STERN, UNIVERSITY 0/ PITTSBURGH AT JOHNSTOWN, USA CHAPTERLX INFORMATION COMMONS AND WEB 2.0 TECHNOLOGIES: CREATING RHETORICAL SITUATIONS AND ENACTING HABERMASIAN IDEALS IN THE ACADEMIC LIBRARY 845 ELISABETH PANKL, KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY, USA JENNA RYAN, LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTERLXI HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION 855 JUTTA WEBER, TEEHNIEAL UNIVERSITY CAROLO-WILHELMINA 0/ BRUNSWIEK, GERMANY CHAPTER LXII INSTANT MESSAGING AS A HYPERMEDIUM IN THE MAKING 868 KALEV LEETARU, UNIVERSITY O/I//INOIS, USA SEETION V CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC ISSUES IN CMC CHAPTER LXIII CMC RESEARCH IN LATIN AMERICA AND SPAIN - META-ANALYSES FROM AN EMERGENT FIELD 883 EDGAR GOMEZ CRUZ, UNIVERSITAT OBERTA DE CATALUNYA, SPAIN CHAPTER LXIV GLOBAL CULTURE AND COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION 901 SUSAN R FUSSELI, CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY, USA QIPING ZHANG, LONG ISLAND UNIVERSITY, USA LES/IE D. SETLOCK, CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTERLXV INNOVATIONS AND MOTIVATIONS IN ONLINE CHAT 917 WENGAO GONG, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 0/ SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE VINCENT B. Y. OOI, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 0/ SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE CHAPTER LXVI SOLIDARITY AND RAPPORT IN SOCIAL INTERACTION 934 JUNG-RAN PARK, DREXEL UNIVERSITY, USA CHAPTER LXVII CHAT ROOMS FOR LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING 947 CHENG-CHAO SU, NATIONAL TAIWAN COLLEGE 0/ PER/ORMING ARTS, TAIWAN KAREN GARCIA, UNIVERSITY 0/ MASSACHUSETTS, USA CHAPTER LXVM LINGUISTIC FORMS AND FUNCTION OFSMS TEXT MESSAGES IN NIGERIA 969 ROTIMI TAIWO, OBA/ERMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA CHAPTER LXIX LINGUISTICS OFCOMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION: APPROACHING THE METAPHOR 983 ROSANNA TARSIERO, GIONNETHICS, ITALY DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD XXXV PREFACE XXXVI I SECTION I CMC APPROACHES TO EDUCATION AND INSTRUCTION VOLUME I CHAPTER I THE UNTAPPED LEARNING POTENTIAL OFCMC IN HIGHER EDUCATION 1 CHERYL AMUNDSEN, SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY, CANADA ELAHE SOHBAT, SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY, CANADA THIS CHAPTER ARGUES FOR PROGRAMS THAT SUPPORT ACADEMICS TO DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OFTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY. TO LAY THE GROUNDWORK FOR SUCH AN APPROACH, THE AUTHORS DOCUMENT HOW NINE INSTRUCTORS AT TWO UNIVERSITIES INTEGRATED A COMPUTER CONFERENCING TOOL INTO THEIR COURSE DESIGN AND HOW THEIR STUDENTS REPORTED ACTUALLY USING THE TOOL. THE DATA COLLECTED FROM THIS PROJECT WAS FURTHER CONSIDERED FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF VAN AALST S FRAMEWORK, WHICH PROVIDES A WAY TO EXAMINE ONLINE LEARNING FROM A COMMUNAL PERSPECTIVE, AND THE AUTHORS EXAMINE THE IMPLICATIONS THIS RESEARCH HAS FOR ONLINE INSTRUCTION. CHAPTER 11 AFFECTIVE COLLABORATIVE INSTRUCTION WITH LIBRARIANS 15 LESLEY S. J FARMER, CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA AN ACADEMIC LIBRARIAN, LESLEY FARMER EXPLORES HOW LIBRARIANS CAN COLLABORATE WITH TEACHING FACULTY BY USING THEIR EXPERTISE WITH INFORMATION. FARMER DISCUSSES PRECONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL COLLABORATIONS- THAT TEACHING FACULTY APPRECIATE THE IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION LITERACY AND THAT THEY NEED TO DEAL WITH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. THE CHAPTER DISCUSSES HOW BEST TO ACHIEVE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE IN THE TEACHING FACULTY, APPLYING BLOOM S TAXONOMY OFTHE AFFECTIVE DOMAIN. FARMER CONCLUDES THAT LIBRARIANS AND FACULTY MUST INDEED COLLABORATE TO INCORPORATE INFORMATION LITERACY AND TECHNOLOGY INTO THE CURRICULUM. CHAPTER 111 PREPARING PARTICIPANTS FOR COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION 25 ROBERT JORDAN, US BUREAU 0/ LABOR STATISTICS, USA THIS CHAPTER PROVIDES A BASIS FOR PREPARING PARTICIPANTS FOR INTERACTIVE SESSIONS BASED UPON COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION (CMC). THE CHAPTER PROVIDES A STRUCTURED PROCESS FOR ENSURING THAT PARTICI- PANTS ARE COMFORTABLE AND PREPARED FOR CMC. A CASE STUDY IS ALSO PROVIDED. CHAPTERIV LEAMING AND TEACHING WITH CMC IN THE U.S. HIGHER EDUCATION ARENA 34 ALLISON V.LEVEL, COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA AMY E. HOSETH, COLORADO SLATE UNIVERSITY, USA THIS CHAPTER PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT ISSUES AND TRENDS RELATED TO THE IMPACT AND INTEGRATION OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION (CMC) AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN THE TEACHING AND LEAMING ENVIRONMENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. THE AUTHORS PRESENT INFORMATION ON LEAMING BEHAVIORS, LEARNING STYLES, AND CMC AS AN INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE STUDENT ENVIRONMENT. CHAPTERV HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION AND THE BEST MIXES OF FACE-TO-FACE E-INTERACTIONS IN EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS 49 BOLANIE A. OLANIRAN, TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY, USA THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES THE USE OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION (CMC) SYSTEMS IN A TEACHING SET- TING. THE CHAPTER ARGUES FOR THE COMBINATION OF CMC WITH TRADITIONAL FACE-TO-FACE INTERACTIONS AS THE BEST CASE SCENARIO FOR INCORPORATING TECHNOLOGIES INTO NETWORK INTERACTIONS AND FOR FACILITATING STUDENT LEAMING. THE AUTHOR ALSO IDENTIFIES IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHERS AND STUDENTS RESPECTIVELY. THE CHAPTER THEN CONCLUDES WITH IDEAS READERS CAN DEVELOP OR ADAPT TO THEIR OWN USE AND TO LEAM MORE ABOUT THIS DEVELOPMENT. CHAPTERVI HIGHER EDUCATION S USE OFCOURSE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE 62 APRYL C. PRICE, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY, USA PRICE PRESENTS A BROAD OVERVIEW OF COURSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS EMPLOYED AT UNIVERSITIES. THIS CHAPTER FUNCTIONS AS A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR ANYONE WISHING TO READ AN UNBIASED COMPARISON OFTHE MOST POPULAR COURSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. THE CHAPTER GOES ON TO DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE OF COURSE MANAGEMENT SYS- TEMS AS A VITAL COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION TOOL, PARTICULARLY FOR DISTANCE STUDENTS. THE CHAPTER ALSO DETAILS HOW COURSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN INTEGRATED INTO TRADITIONAL CAMPUS COURSES TO ENHANCE COMMUNICATION AS WEIL AS TO TRANSFORM COURSES INTO HYBRID ONLINE-IN CLASS COURSES. CHAPTERVII COMPUTER MEDIATED LEARNING: APPLYING BURKE S PENTAD 73 A/ISON RUTH, GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRA/IA RUTH APPLIES BURKE S DRAMATISTIC ANALYSIS USING THE PENTAD (ACT, SCENE, AGENT, AGENCY, PURPOSE) TO COMPUTER MEDIATED LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS. THE CHAPTER PRESENTS AN EXPLANATION OF BURKE S PENTAD AND HOW IT CAN BE APPLIED TO COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION IN A LEARNING ENVIRONMENT. THE CHAPTER S FINDINGS POSE THAT BURKE S PENTAD IS A VALID FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING MEDIATED LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS, AND THAT A PENTADIC ANALYSIS ON COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS WILL PROVIDE EVIDENCE OFTHE BEST ENVIRONMENTS FOR LEARNING AND INTERACTION. CHAPTER VIII EMERGENT NETWORKS IN COMPUTER-SUPPORTED GROUPS 87 MICHAEL A. STE/ANONE, STATE UNIVERSITY 0/ NEW YORK AT BUFFALO, USA THIS CHAPTER PRESENTS A BROAD OVERVIEW OF SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS, AND GOES ON TO EXPLORE WH ETHER COM- PUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION TOOLS WORK TO INCREASE THE OVERALL LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION IN LEARNING GROUPS, IN TERMS OF INCREASING THE DIVERSITY OF RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE GROUP. THE CHAPTER EXPLORES NETWORKING IDEAS SUCH AS CENTRALITY, DENSITY, STRONG AND WEEK TIES, HOMOPHILY, AND STRUCTURAL EQUIVALENCE, AND HY- POTHESIZES THAT CMC TOOLS FUNCTION TO SUPPORT EXISTING SOCIAL TIES, RATHER THAN FACILITATING NEW TIES. CHAPTERIX CMC AND E-MENTORING IN MIDWIFERY 103 SARAH STEWART, UNIVERSITY 0/ QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA THIS CHAPTER PRESENTS A CASE STUDY OF AN E-MENTORING RELATIONSHIP IN NEW ZEALAND BETWEEN A M IDWIFE AND TWO PROTEGES. COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION WAS USED IN THE MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS TO OVERCOME THE GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION IN THE REGION. THE CHAPTER PRESENTS EXAMPLES FROM THE STUDY AND SUGGESTIONS RESULTING FROM THE EXPERIENCE. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF E-MENTORING WHEN COMPARED WITH FACE-TO-FACE MENTORING ARE DESCRIBED WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVING COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICA- TION IN A MENTORING SITUATION. THE CHAPTER CAN SERVE AS A PARADIGM FOR THOSE WISHING TO INCORPORATE AN E-MENTORING PROGRAM. CHAPTERX STAY TUNED FOR PODCAST U AND THE DATA ON M-LEARNING 114 DEBORAH VESS, GEORGIA COLLEGE & STATE UNIVERSITY, USA MICHAEL GASS, GEORGIA COLLEGE & STATE UNIVERSITY, USA VESS AND GASS EXAMINE THE GROWING TREND OFUSING PODCASTING IN HIGHER EDUCATION, DISCUSSING A VARIETY OF USES FOR AND IMPLICATIONS OF INCORPORATING PODCASTS INTO TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PODCASTING AND FACE TO FACE INSTRUCTION ARE EXAMINED,ADDRESSING PEDAGOGICAL ISSUES CONCERN- ING THE USE OF PODCASTING. THE CHAPTER ALSO APPLIES TRADITIONAL EDUCATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL THEORIES, SUCH AS LEARNING OBJECTS AND GRANULARITY, TOO THE USE OF PODCASTS. FURTHER, THE CHAPTER PRESENTS A CASE STUDY COMPARING TWO COURSES, ONE UTILIZING PODCASTS, AND ANOTHER WITHOUT, WITH RESULTS OF GRADES AND STUDENT SURVEYS. THE CHAPTER PRESENTS RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USING PODCASTING IN A UNIVERSITY SETTING, BASED ON PREVIOUS RESEARCH AND THE AUTHORS OWN EXPERIENCES. CHAPTERXI COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION AND MULTIMODAL INSTRUCTION IN HIGHER EDUCATION 128 J. PATRIEK WILLIAMS, COLLEGE 0/ STATEN ISLAND CITY UNIVERSITY 0/ NEW YORK, USA HSIN-LIANG CHEN, UNIVERSITY 0/ MISSOURI AT COLUMBIA, USA THE USE OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION IS EXPLORED, ESPECIALLY THE UNEXPECTED CHANGES TO INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES, COURSE DYNAMICS, AND STUDENT OUTCOMES. FOR EXAMPLE, INSTRUCTORS FINDING THEMSELVES FULFILLING ROLES SUCH AS THAT OF FACILITATOR IN SYNCHRONOUS ONLINE DISCUSSIONS, CONTENT CREATOR, TECH SUPPORT TO STUDENTS STRUGGLING WITH TECHNOLOGY, WEB DESIGNER, AND MORE. THE PRESENCE OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION AS IMPROVED DISTANCE EDUCATION, AND AT THE SAME TIME INCREASES INSTRUCTOR RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPLEXITY IN PROVIDING SUCCESSFUL INSTRUCTIONAL OUTCOMES. THE CHAPTER CONCLUDES WITH KEY THEMES AFFECTING THE USE OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION, PROVIDING RECOMMENDATIONS AND POINTS TO THINK ABOUT WHEN IMPLEMENTING CMC. CHAPTERXII MILLENNIUM LEADERSHIP INC.: A CASE STUDY OF COMPUTER AND INTERNET-BASED COMMUNICATION IN A SIMULATED ORGANIZATION 146 STAEEY L. CONNAUGHTON, RUTGERS UNIVERSITY, USA BRENT D. RUBEN, RUTGERS UNIVERSITY, USA TECHNOLOGY, COMMUNICATION, LEADERSHIP, AND WORK PROCESSES ARE INEXTRICABLY LINKED IN CONTEMPORARY ORGANIZATIONS. AN UNDERSTANDING OFTHESE TOPICS AND AN ABILITY TO APPLY THESE UNDERSTANDINGS IN THE WORK- PLACE IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY CRITICAL FOR WORKERS IN ALL SECTORS. IN THIS CHAPTER, WE DISCUSS SOME OFTHE COMPETENCIES THAT ARE VITAL FOR SUCCESS IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORKPLACE, AND PROVIDE A DESCRIPTION OF ONE APPROACH TO DEVELOPING THESE SKILLS: A SIMULATED ORGANIZATION DESIGNED TO CREATE A DYNAMIC CLASSROOM LEARNING ENVIRONMENT. WE EXPLAIN HOW SIMULATIONS HELP STUDENTS DEVELOP REAL-WORLD COMPETENCIES IN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND WRITING PRACTICES IN MEDIATED AND GEOGRAPHICALLY DISPERSED CONTEXTS, AND WE PRESENT HOW EDUCATORS, STUDENTS, AND PROFESSIONALS MAY BENEFIT FROM THIS APPROACH. CHAPTER XIII HIGHER ORDER THINKING IN ONLINE COURSES 167 KU HANG LEUNG, MEGILL UNIVERSITY, CANADA THIS RESEARCH STUDIES HIGHER ORDER THINKING (HOT) PROCESSES IN ASYNCHRONOUS DISCUSSIONS SITUATED IN A CAMPUS-BASED COURSE THAT INVOLVED 11 PAIRS OF GRADUATE STUDENTS. IN THESE DISCUSSIONS, STUDENTS EXAMINED ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES USED FOR TEACHING PURPOSES JOINTLY IN ONE WEEK. TAKING A GROUNDED THEORY APPROACH, MESSAGES DERIVED FROM DISCUSSIONS WERE ANALYZED WITH QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES. THE UNIT OF ANALYSIS WAS CONCEPT. THINKING ACTS WERE CATEGORIZED INTO COMMUNICATION SEQUENCES OF INITIATION, RESPONSE AND COMMENT. THESE SEQUENCES WERE FURTHER CATEGORIZED WITH A 5-DIMENSION TAXONOMY DERIVED FROM THE PATTERNS OFTHESE ACTS OBSERVED. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WAS USED TO OBSERVE THE FREQUENCY OFTHESE CATEGORIES, AND TO VALIDATE THE CATEGORIZATION CONSISTENCY AMONG CODERS. THE RESULTS STRONGLY SUGGEST THAT HOT EMERGES WHEN EXISTING IDEAS ARE EXPANDED AND CHANGED, AND WHEN IDEAS ARE EXPANDED, NEW CONCEPTS EMERGE AS THESE IDEAS ARE PONDERED FROM A WIDER PERSPECTIVE. THE IMPLICATION IS THAT ONLINE DISCUSSION IS AN EFFECTIVE LEARNING ACTIVITY WHEN STUDENTS PARTICIPATE. SECTION II CREDIBILITY AND IDENTITY IN CYBERSPACE CHAPTERXIV SHIFTING TRENDS IN EVALUATING THE CREDIBILITY OFCMC 185 SHAWN APOSTEL, MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, USA MOE FOLK, MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, USA THIS CHAPTER TRACES THE REIFICATION OFBOOK-BASED EVALUATION CRITERIA AND HOW ITS EXALTED STATUS HAS BEEN UNDERGIRDED BY A MENTALITY THAT REINSCRIBES OLD PATTERNS OF CREDIBILITY ONTO WHOLLY NEW ENTITIES SUCH AS THE WORLD WIDE WEB. ADDITIONALLY, THE AUTHORS TRACE THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OFTHESE BOOK-BASED CRITERIA FROM AN INFLUENTIAL ARTICLE TO THEIR VARIOUS INCAMATIONS IN THE MLA HANDBOOK, AN EXAMINATION THAT REVEALS HOW CMC HAS BEEN IGNORED, THEN SEQUESTERED, AND ULTIMATELY EMBRACED, ALBEIT LUKEWARMLY. FINALLY, THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND USING A RHETORICAL APPROACH TO SOURCE EVALUATION, WHICH CAN BE EASILY APPLIED TO ASSIGNMENTS IN THE COMPOSITION C1ASSROOM. CHAPTERXV TEACHING CREDIBILITY OFSOURCES IN AN AGE OFCMC 196 ERIN BOWER, SONOMA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA KAREN BRODSKY, SONOMA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA IN 1989, THE AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION ISSUED ITS PRESIDENTIAL COMMITTEE ON INFORMATION LITERACY: FINAL REPORT, WHICH WAS ESSENTIALLY A CALL-TO-ARMS OUTLINING THE NECESSITY OFTEACHING OUR YOUNG PEOPLE TO BE INFORMATION SAVVY IN AN INFORMATION-RICH SOCIETY. THIS CHAPTER, WRITTEN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TWO LIBRARIANS, WILL ARGUE THAT A QUICKER PEDAGOGICAL REVISION IS NEEDED FOR TEACHING UNDERGRADUATES THE CONCEPTS OF CREDIBILITY OF INFORMATION CREATED IN AN ERA OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION. RE- VIEWING SOME OF THE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS THAT HAVE ALTERED THE UNDERSTANDING OF CREDIBLE INFORMATION, THIS CHAPTER ENCOURAGES EDUCATORS TO ADOPT NEW APPROACHES TO TEACHING STUDENTS ABOUT THE CREDIBILITY OF CMC-GENERATED SOURCES. CHAPTERXVI COMPOSING IDENTITY IN ONLINE INSTURCTIONAL CONTEXTS 207 KEVIN ERIC DEPEW, OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY, USA THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES THE STRATEGIES INSTRUCTORS USE TO COMPOSE THEIR INSTRUCTIONAL IDENTITY FOR ONLINE COURSES. AFTER PROBLEMATIZING THE DISTINCTION COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS AND DIGITAL COMPOSING APPLICATIONS, THE AUTHOR EXPLAINS THE BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS OF USING HOTH TYPES OF APPLICATIONS TO COMPOSE ONE S IDENTITY. TO IIIUSTRATE THE STRATEGIES THAT INSTRUCTORS USE IN ACADEMIC ONLINE CONTEXTS, THE AUTHOR PRESENTS TWO CASE STUDIES. THE CHAPTER CONCLUDES WITH COMPOSING STRATEGIES FOR INSTRUCTORS AND A FUTURE RESEARCH AGENDA FOR THE FIELD. CHAPTER XVII COMPUTER MEDIATED NEGOTIATIONS AND DECEPTION 220 GABRIEL A. GIORDANO, UNIVERSITY 01NAVARRA, SPAIN JASON STONER, OHIO UNIVERSITY, USA ROBYN L. BROUER, HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY, USA JOEY F. GEORGE, FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES COMPUTER NEGOTIATIONS AND DECEPTION. THE AUTHORS BEGIN BY REVIEWING PAST RE- SEARCH ON NEGOTIATIONS, COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, AND DECEPTION. THEY THEN REVIEW A CURRENT STUDY THAT INVESTIGATES BOTH FACE-TO-FACE AND COMPUTER-MEDIATED NEGOTIATIONS WHERE DECEPTION IS PRES- ENT. THEY CONCLUDE BY DISCUSSING FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS THAT WILL ALLOW UNDERSTANDING IN THIS AREA TO BE FURTHERED. CHAPTER XVIII CMC AND THE NATURE OF HUMAN/MACHINE INTERFACE 230 GERALD S. GREENBURG, OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA THIS CHAPTER INVESTIGATES THE PHILOSOPHICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION AND ITS IMPACT ON COMMUNICATION THEORY. THE AUTHOR DISCUSSES THE MANNER IN WHICH CMC HAS COME TO BE RE- GARDED AS CYBORG DISCOURSE BY SOME SOCIAL SCIENCE THEORISTS - FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT IN NATURE FROM PREVIOUS FORMS OF INFORMATIONAL EXCHANGE. DISSENTING OPINIONS IN WHICH CMC IS VIEWED AS PART OF A NATURAL EVOLUTIONARY PATTERN ARE ALSO PRESENTED. OTHER ISSUES EXAMINED INCLUDE THE QUESTION OFWHETHER CMC HELPS US UNDERSTAND WHAT IT MEANS TO BE HUMAN, AND IDENTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE FUTURE TRENDS. CHAPTERXLX BUILDING IDENTITY THROUGH ONLINE COLLABORATION 240 JANICE M KRUEGER, CLARION UNIVERSITY 01 PENNSYLVANIA, USA THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES THE BENEFITS DERIVED FROM THE USE OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION FEATURES OF ONLINE COURSEWARE FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION. THE AUTHOR FOCUSES ON THE BUILDING OFKNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS OF ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS THROUGH THE COLLABORATIVE INQUIRY OF DISCUSSION FORUMS. ADDITIONALLY, THE AUTHOR DEMONSTRATES HOW STUDENTS GROW AS A COMMUNITY OF LEARNERS, THEREBY GENERATING A COHESIVE GROUP IDENTITY. THIS CHAPTER SUMMARIZES HOW COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION (CMC) IS SEEN AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR BUILDING THE NECESSARY KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, DISPOSITION, AND ATTITUDES NEEDED BY CANDIDATES OFPROFESSIONAL PROGRAMS TO DISCOVER THEIR PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY. CHAPTERXX REVIEWER MOTIVATIONS, BIAS, AND CREDIBILITY IN ONLINE REVIEWS 252 JO MACKIEWICZ, AUBURN UNIVERSITY, USA ONLINE REVIEWS, EVALUATIONS OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES WRITTEN BY CONSUMERS AS OPPOSED TO PROFESSIONAL WRITERS, NOW APPEAR NOT ONLY IN WEB SITES DEVOTED TO REVIEWS, SUCH AS EPINIONS.COM, BUT ALSO IN SITES OF PURCHASE, SUCH AS AMAZON.COM. THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES CONSUMERS POSSIBLE MOTIVATIONS FOR DEVOTING TIME AND EFFORT TOWARD WRITING REVIEWS. PRIOR RESEARCH ON PRINT REVIEWS SUGGESTS THAT REVIEWERS TEND TO BE POSITIVE IN THEIR EVALUATIONS. THIS CHAPTER ANALYZED A SAMPIE OF 640 ONLINE REVIEWS TO SEE WHETHER A SIMILAR POSITIVE BIAS EXISTED. IN ADDITION, THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES A VARIETY OF EDITING STRATEGIES THAT ONLINE REVIEWERS USED TO GENERATE AND SUSTAIN CREDIBILITY. THE CHAPTER CONCLUDES WITH SOME IDEAS FOR GAUGING CREDIBILITY IN CMC GENRES LIKE ONLINE REVIEWS, SUCH AS ANALYZING THE WAYS THAT CONSUMERS SIGNAL THEIR EXPERTISE RELATED TO PRODUCTS AND SERVICES. CHAPTERXXI THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONAL WEB SITES 267 KARL-HEINZ RENNER, OTTO-FRIEDRICH UNIVERSITY 0/ BAMBERG, GERMANY ASTRID SCHUETZ, CHEMNITZ UNIVERSITY O/TEEHNOLOGY, GERMANY THIS CHAPTER PRESENTS A PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE EFFECTS OFPERSONAL WEB SITE ON VISITORS. THE CHAP- TER ARGUES THAT PERSONAL WEB SITES ARE A TOOL FOR SELF-PRESENTATION AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION, PRESENTING EMPIRICAL AND THEORETICAL POINTS OFVIEW. BASED ON THE DATA, THE CHAPTER CONCLUDES THAT PERSONAL WEB SITES ARE PRIMARILY USED TO CONVEY AUTHENTIC IDENTITIES AND PERSONALITY TRAITS, AND THAT THE POPULAR BELIEFTHAT WEB SITE ARE NARCISSISTIC PLATFORMS DOES NOT GENERALLY APPLY TO THE AVERAGE WEB SITE OWNER. CHAPTER XXII PERSUASIVE DESIGN 283 PER F. V. HASLE. AALBORG UNIVERSITY, DENMARK ANNE-KATHRINE KJCER CHRISTENSEN, AALBORG UNIVERSITY, DENMARK THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES PERSUASIVE DESIGN, THAT IS, COMPUTER MEDIATED PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION. THE FIELD IS ALSO OFTEN DESIGNATED BY THE TERMS PERSUASIVE TECHNOLOGY OR CAPTOLOGY. THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE FIELD ARE INTRODUCED, AND ITS DEVELOPMENT SINCE ITS INCEPTION IN 1997/1998 IS CHARTED. THE AUTHORS THEN STRIVE TO RELATE THIS FIELD MORE SYSTEMATICALLY TO COMMUNICATION SCIENCE, AND ESPECIALLY RHETORIC. IT IS SHOWN HOW A RHETORICAL TURN WITHIN PERSUASIVE DESIGN CAN PLACE THE FIELD ON ASOUND COMMUNICA- TION-THEORETIC FOOTING. CHAPTER XXIII DECEPTIVE COMMUNICATION IN E-COLLABORATION 297 JOEY F. GEORGE, FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA KENT MARETT, WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY, USA MUCH RESEARCH WITHIN THE FIELD OFMIS HAS BEEN DEVOTED TO THE USE OF COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGY BY DECI- SION MAKERS AND THE IMPACT COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION (CMC) HAS ON COLLABORATIVE WORK. YET, THERE MAY BE SOME UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES FOR USERS OF CMC, IF SOMEONE INVOLVED IN THE JOINT EFFORT DECIDES TO TAKE THE OPPORTUNITY TO DECEIVE THE OTHERS INVOLVED. IN THIS CHAPTER, WE POSIT THAT CMC OFFERS WOULD-BE DECEIVERS ADVANTAGES THAT OTHERWISE DO NOT EXIST WITH MORE TRADITIONAL, RICHER MEDIA, USING PAST RESEARCH AND ESTABLISHED THEORIES TO HELP EXPLAIN WHY. WE REVIEW SOME OFTHE FINDINGS FROM OUR ONGOING RESEARCH EFFORT IN THIS AREA AND EXPLAIN HOW DIFFICULT IT IS FOR COMPUTER USERS TO DETECT DECEPTION, WHEN IT OCCURS. FINALLY, WE DISCUSS HOW THE ART OF DECEPTION IN COMPUTER-MEDIATED COLLABORATION POTENTIALLY CAN AFFECT BOTH THE CURRENT EFFORT AND FUTURE EFFORTS OFTHOSE INVOLVED, AND WE OFFER OUR THOUGHTS ON SOME OF THE FACTORS CMC PRACTITIONERS SHOULD CONSIDER WHEN TRYING TO COMBAT COMPUTER MEDIATED DECEPTION. SECTION III CMC, COMMUNITY, AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE CHAPTER XXIV MULTITASKING CMC TO STUDY CONNECTED ORGANIZATIONS 309 J PATRIEK BIDDIX, VALDOSTA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES UTILITY OF PAIRING TWO FORMS OF DIGITAL DATA COLLECTION - NETWORK ANALYSIS AND ELECTRONIC INTERVIEWING - TO EXPLORE THE STRUCTURE AND MEANING OF COMMUNICATION AT THE INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATION LEVEL. IN THE CHAPTER, RESEARCH METHODS ARE REVIEWED INDEPENDENTLY, AND THEN PRESENTED TO- GETHER FOR CONSIDERATION AS A MIXED APPROACH. TO DEMONSTRATE UTILITY AND CHALLENGE, A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OFHYPERLINKS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENT GROUP WEB SITES IS PAIRED WITH ELECTRONICALLY CONDUCTED INTERVIEWS. HOWARD S (2002) NETWORK ETHNOGRAPHY IS ALSO DISCUSSED AS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR VIEWING THIS PROJECT. CHAPTERXXV SENSE OF VIRTUAL COMMUNITY 325 ANITA BLANEHARD, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, USA THE OBJECTIVES OFTHIS CHAPTER ARE TO DEFINE THE CONCEPT OFSENSE OFVIRTUAL COMMUNITY (SOVC) THAT AF- FECTS HOW INDIVIDUALS ACT AND REACT WITHIN ONLINE GROUPS. THE CHAPTER ALSO EXAMINES WHAT THE POTENTIAL ANTECEDENTS AND OUTCOMES OF SOVC ARE. TO ACHIEVE THESE OBJECTIVES, THE AUTHOR FIRST EXAMINES HOW THE SOVC CONSTRUCT HAS DEVELOPED AND OUR CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF IT. THE AUTHOR THEN DISCUSSES CURRENT ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES SURROUNDING SOVC AND PRESENTS A PROGRAM OF RESEARCH THAT COULD HELP RESEARCHERS DEVELOP THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF SOVC. CHAPTER XXVI TOWARDS A COMMUNICATION-BASED APPROACH TO CYBER-BULLYING 339 ARTEMIO RAMIREZ, JR., THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA MATTHEW S. EASTIN, THE UNIVERSITY OFTEXAS AT AUSTIN, USA JENNIFER CHAKROFF, LASEIL COLLEGE, USA VINEENT CIEEHIRILLO, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA RAMIREZ ET AL. EXPLORE THE GROWING PROBLEM AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SCHOOL OF CYBER-BULLYING. THE CHAPTER FIRST DOCURNENTS THE PROBLEM FROM A COMMUNICATION-BASED PERSPECTIVE, AND OFFERS A FOUNDATION FOR ITS STUDY. THE CHAPTER DISCUSSES BULLYING IN A TRADITIONAL SENSE, AND THEN CONTEXTUALIZES IT WITHIN A COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION SETTING. THE CHAPTER ALSO DISCUSSES EXISTING RESEARCH ON CYBER-BULLIES AND VICTIMS OF CYBER-BULLYING. CHAPTER XXVII PUBLISHING AN INTERNET E-ZINE 353 JOE E. BURNS, SOUTHEASTERN LOUISIANA UNIVERSITY, USA DIANNA LAURENT, SOUTHEASTERN LOUISIANA UNIVERSITY, USA THIS CHAPTEREXPLORES THE PROCESS AND PROBLEMS OFPUBLISHING THE INTERNET E-ZINE. THE CONVENTIONS OFTHIS RELATIVELY NEW ELECTRONIC MAGAZINE ARE NOTED. HOW THE E-ZINE SHOULD WORK IN TANDEM WITH THE WEBSITE IS EXPLORED. THE CHAPTER CONCLUDES WITH TIPS FOR AVOIDING SPAM FILTERS. CHAPTER XXVIII COMMUNICATING ELECTRONICALLY WHEN TOO FAR AWAY TO VISIT 365 ZEYNEP CEMALCILAR, KOC UNIVERSITY, TURKEY THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES THE USE OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATIONS FOR MAINTENANCE OFLONG-DISTANCE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND FOR EXCHANGE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT WHEN INDIVIDUALS HAVE LIMITED AVAILABILITY FOR PERSONAL FACE-TO-FACE CONTACT. THE AUTHOR SUMMARIZES RECENT RESEARCH ON THE USE OFCMCS BY PEOPLE IN TRANSITIONS, SUCH AS INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS MOVING ACROSS CULTURES. THEN, SPECIFIC FEATURES OF CMCS THAT MAKE THEM FAVORABLE OVER OTHER COMMUNICATION MEDIUMS ARE DISCUSSED. CHAPTER XXIX WEBCOM: A MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING WEB SITE COMMUNICATION 379 MIKKEL GODSK, UNIVERSITY OF AARHUS, DENMARK ANJA BECHMANN PETERSEN, UNIVERSITY OF AARHUS, DENMARK THIS CHAPTER PRESENTS A MODEL (WEBCOM) FOR UNDERSTANDING AND ANALYZING WEBSITE MEDIATED COMMU- NICATION. THE MODEL COMBINES THREE THEORETICAL APPROACHES-------EOMMUNICATION, MEDIUM, AND ACTIVITY THEORY-INTO ONE GENERIC MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING COMPLEX WEBSITE COMMUNICATION SITUATIONS IN THEIR ENTIRETY. AN ANALYSIS OFYOUTUBE IS CARRIED OUT IN ORDER TO DEMONSTRATE HOW WEBCOM IS USED AND HOW CULTURAL AND CONTEXTUAL ASPECTS SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN DESIGNING WEBSITE AND COMPUTER MEDI- ATED COMMUNICATION. CHAPTERXXX VIRTUAL COLLABORATION IN IMMERSIVE AND NON-IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS 401 ROSANNA E. GUADAGNO, THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA, USA KATRIN ALLMENDINGER, FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, GERMANY THIS CHAPTER REVIEWED CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH ON VIRTUAL COLLABORATION. TWO TYPES OFVIRTUAL COLLABORATION WERE EXAMINED. FIRST, THE AUTHORS REVIEW NEW FINDINGS ON RESEARCH IN IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL CONFERENCING AND RECENT FINDINGS ON SOCIAL INTERACTION IN NON-IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL CONFERENCING. THE CHAPTER THEN CONCLUDES WITH SPECULATION ABOUT THE FUTURE TRENDS IN VIRTUAL COLLABORATION. CHAPTER XXXI P2P FILE SHARING- THE LIFE AND DEATH OF GNUTELLA 411 DANNY HUGHES, LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UK JAMES WALKERDINE, LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UK THIS CHAPTER DISCUSSES THE EMERGENCE OF PEER-TO-PEER (P2P) SYSTEMS AS A MEDIUM FOR COMPUTER MEDI- ATED COMMUNICATION AND HOW THESE SYSTEMS HAVE EVOLVED TO TACKLE NEW CHALLENGES. THIS IS DONE IN THE CONTEXT OF A CASE-STUDY OF GNUTELLA, ONE OF TODAY S MOST SIGNIFICANT PEER-TO-PEER FILE SHARING SYSTEMS. THE CHAPTER CONCLUDES WITH A DISCUSSION OF POTENTIAL FUTURE TRENDS FOR P2P BASED COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION. CHAPTER XXXII KNOWLEDGE COMMUNICATION WITH SHARED DATABASES 424 JOACHIM KIMMERLE, UNIVERSITY OFTUEBINGEN. GERMANY ULRIKE CRESS, KNOWLEDGE MEDIA RESEARCH CENTER, GERMANY THIS CHAPTER REVIEWS RESEARCH ON THE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF ASYNCHRONOUS MANY-TO-MANY INTERACTIVE DATA SYSTEMS. VARIOUS ASPECTS OF KNOWLEDGE COMMUNICATION ARE DISCUSSES, WITH THE WAYS IN WH ICH THEY INFLUENCE PEOPLE S BEHAVIOR. THE CHAPTER FOCUSES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL, RATHER THAN TECHNOLOGICAL, FACTORS OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS TYPE OF COMMUNICA- TION ARE IN ONE SECTIONS, AND THE CHAPTER CONCLUDES WITH SOME THOUGHTS ON ONGOING TRENDS. CHAPTER XXXIII TERMINOLOGICAL OBFUSCATION IN ONLINE RESEARCH 436 PATRICIA G. LANGE, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, USA TERMS SUCH AS COMPUTER MEDIATED VERSUS FACE-TO-FACE INTERACTION, VIRTUAL VERSUS REAL, AND FLAMING HAVE LEAD TO THEORETICAL MISUNDERSTANDING ABOUT ONLINE AND OFFLINE COMMUNICATION. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES PROBLEMS THAT STANDARD TERMS INTRODUCE. THE GOAL IS TO SHOW HOW CONCEPTS AND THEIR ORIENTING FRAMEWORKS COMPLICATE SCHOLARS ABILITY TO OBSERVE AND ANALYZE CERTAIN DATA. THE CHAPTER CONCLUDES BY PROPOSING SPECIFIC APPROACHES FOR EXAMINING THIS SITUATION. CHAPTER XXXIV DISCOURSE AND NETWORK ANALYSES OF LEAMING CONVERSATIONS 451 H. L. LIM, THE PETROLEUM INSTITUTE, UAE FAY SUDWEEKS, MURDOCH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR EXAMINING EDUCATIONAL COMPUTER MEDIATED DISCOURSE HAVE BEEN MAINLY DE- SIGNED FOR ASYNCHRONOUS DISCUSSIONS; HENCE THE CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES ARE TYPICALLY MORE SENSITIVE WHEN APPLIED TO LONGER POSTINGS THAN THE SHORTER, MORE CONDENSED EXCHANGES PRESENT IN ONLINE SYNCHRONOUS DISCOURSE. THIS CHAPTER INTRODUCES THE EXCHANGE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK FOR EXAMINING ONLINE SYNCHRONOUS INTERACTION AT LEVELS OFSTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION AND PRAGMATIC INTENTION. THE FURTHER APPLICA- TION OF SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS AS A METHOD AND VISUALIZATION TOOL FOR THE CODED EXCHANGES ARE EXPLAINED AND ILLUSTRATED. EXAMPLES ARE PROVIDED FROM TRANSCRIPT DATA OFMODERATED COLLABORATIVE GROUP DISCUSSIONS DURING VIRTUAL TUTORIALS IN A CASE STUDY. WITH THE INTEGRATION OF DISCOURSE AND SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYTICAL METHODS, A RICHER INTERPRETATION IS GAINED ON THE PROCESSES OF ARTICULATION AND NEGOTIATION OF MEANING DU RING ONLINE LEARNING CONVERSATIONS. CHAPTER XXXV SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATIONS 477 BRADLEY M OKDIE, THE UNIVERSITY 0/ ALABAMA, USA ROSANNA E GUADAGNO, THE UNIVERSITY 0/ ALABAMA, USA THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES HOW COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION AFFECTS THE SOCIAL INFLUENCE PROCESS. THE AUTHORS ALSO DISCUSS CURRENT RESEARCH ON HOW INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND COMMUNICATION MODE DIFFER- ENCES IMPACT THE PERSUASION PROCESS. THE CHAPTER CONCLUDES WITH A DISCUSSION ON FUTURE AREAS OF STUDY AND THE IMPLICATIONS OFTHAT RESEARCH. CHAPTER XXXVI DIVERGENT NEWS MEDIA IN COMPUTER MEDIATED NEWS COMMUNICATION 492 MICHAEL OPGENHAJJEN, LESSIUS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, BELGIUM IN THIS CHAPTER, THE AUTHOR MAKES A STRONG PLEAD FOR NOT STUDYING THE INTERNET AS ONE, HOMOGENEOUS MEDIUM, BUT INSTEAD AS A META-MEDIUM THAT CARRIES VARIOUS DIVERGENT NEWS MEDIA WITH SPECIFIC FORMAL AND STRUCTURAL FEATURES. THE AUTHOR USES BOTH RESULTS FROM A CONTENT ANALYSIS AND THEORIES OF THE BLACK BOX OF INFORMATION-PROCESSING OF ONLINE NEWS TO URGE SCHOLARS TO INVEST IN STUDIES TOWARDS THE FORM AND STRUCTURE OF ONLINE NEWS MEDIA IN ORDER TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE TOTAL PROCESS OF COMPUTER MEDIATED NEWS COMMUNICATION. VOLUME 11 CHAPTER XXXVII COMPUTER MEDIATED COLLABORATION 508 BARRIE JO PRICE, THE UNIVERSITY 0/ ALABAMA, USA PRICE PUTS FORWARD THAT A CONFLUENCE OF SOCIETAL CHANGE AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES CHANGED THE NATURE OF THE WORKPLACE. EXAMINING HOW COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION HAS ENABLED PEOPLE TO OVERCOME TIME AND SPACE BARRIERS, SHE POINTS OUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GOING TO WORK AND DOING WORK. THE CHAPTER EXAMINES THEMES IN THE CONTEXT OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, SUCH AS PEER REVIEW, ENGAGED LEARNING, CONSENSUS BUILDING, AND SELF-REFLECTION. THE CHAPTER EXAMINES HOW THESE FOUR AREAS, ESSENTIAL TO WORKPLACE PRODUCTIVITY, CAN EFFECTIVELY BE BROUGHT ABOUT IN A COMPUTER MEDIATED FORUM. CHAPTER XXXVIII ACCESSIBLE DESIGN FOR COMMUNICATION ON THE WEB 527 DAVID ROBINS, KENT STATE UNIVERSITY, USA THE CHAPTER DISCUSSES HOW WEB SITES CAN BE DESIGNED TO BE EFFECTIVE COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION TOOLS THAT PROVIDE EQUAL ACCESS TO THE COMMUNICATION TO USERS WITH DISABILITIES. THE CHAPTER DISCUSSES ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES INCLUDING SECTION 508 OF THE AMERICAN REHABILITATION ACT, AND THE W3C WEB ACCESSIBILITY INITIATIVE, FOCUSING ON THE UNITED STATES. THE CHAPTER DISCUSSES THE PROBLEMS FACES BY COMPUTER USERS WITH DISABILITIES, INCLUDING BLIND, POORLY SIGHTED USERS, COLOR BLIND USERS, DEAF USERS, EPILEPTIC USERS, AND OTHER DISABILITIES OR BARRIERS, AND HOW DESIGN CAN BE ACCESSIBLE FOR COMMUNICATING WEB INFORMATION TO EVERYONE. CHAPTER XXXIX AN ANALYSIS OF A DECADE OF RESEARCH PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL OFCOMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNIEATION 541 JAMIE S. SWITZER, COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA THIS CHAPTER REVIEWS A DECADE OF LITERATURE PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNI- CATION, THE SEMINAL JOURNAL ON THE TOPIC. SWITZER EXAMIRIES THIS BODY OF RESEARCH BY EXAMINING TOPICS, METHODOLOGIES AND POPULATION REPRESENTED IN ALMOST 300 ARTICLES. THE CHAPTER SUMMARIZES THE WAYS IN WH ICH RESEARCH IN COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION HAS EVOLVED IN A SINGLE DECADE, ILLUSTRATING HOW THE FIELD IS EVOLVING AND GROWING. THE CHAPTER THEREFORE PRESENTS A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR FURTHER RESEARCH ON THE NATURE OF RESEARCH IN COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION. CHAPTERXL THE USE OFSTORY IN BUILDING ONLINE GROUP RELATIONSHIPS 551 STEPHEN THORPE, AUEKLAND UNIVERSITY OFTEEHNOLOGY, NEW ZEALAND THORPE EXAMINES HOW GROUP FACILITATORS USE STORY TO BUILD RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ONLINE GROUP OFPEOPLE. THE CHAPTER DISCUSSES FINDINGS FROM A STUDY INVESTIGATING THE USE OF STORY USING A VARIETY OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION TOOLS. THE STUDY INCLUDED TOOLS SUCH AS E-MAIL, AUDIO, WEB CONFERENCING, INSTANT MESSAGING, CHAT, BLOGGING, AND ONLINE SURVEYS. IMPLICATIONS OF ONLINE COMMUNICATION, SUCH AS DISEMBODIMENT, UNCLEAR MEMBERSHIP, AND THE LEVEL OFTOLERANCE FOR TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES, ARE DISCUSSES, AS WEIL AS INTERVENTIONS. CHAPTERXLI FORM AND FUNCTION OFMETACOMMUNICATION IN CMC 570 MIRJAM WEDER, UNIVERSITY OF BASE.L, SWITZERLAND THE COMMUNICATIVE NORMS SHARED BY ONLINE COMMUNITIES LIKE NEWSGROUPS AND MAILING LISTS ARE EXAMINED IN THIS CHAPTER. THE CHAPTER INVESTIGATES VARIOUS ROLES THAT METACOMMUNICATION PLAYS IN ONLINE COMMUNI- TIES, AND HOW COMMUNITY BUILDING WORKS IN THE VIRTUAL WORLD. METACOMMUN;CATION, AS DISCUSSED IN THIS CHAPTER, IS DIVIDED INTO INSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION. THE CHAPTER LOOKS AT COMMUNITY NORMS AS EXPRESSED IN MESSAGES IN SEVERAL MAILING LISTS, AS WEIL AS REACTIONS TO USERS TO BREAK THE NORMS. CHAPTER XLII DIGITAL STORYTELLING FROM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO YOU TUBE 587 JULIE D. WOLETZ, JOHANN WOLFGANG GOETHE UNIVERSITY, GERMANY WOLETZ DISCUSSES DIGITAL STORY TELLING FROM BOTH AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL POINT OF VIEW. THE CHAPTER DISCUSSES MEDIA FORMATS, TECHNOLOGICAL ARTIFACTS USED, PRESENTATIONAL STRATEGIES, PRAGMATIC FACTORS, AND COMMUNICATIVE MODES OF DIGITAL STORYTELLING. THE CHAPTER ALSO DISCUSSES CONTACTS OF STORYTELLING PRACTICES. THE CHAPTER TRACES THE HISTORY OF DIGITAL STROYTELLING FROM THE 1970S TO TODAY S USE OFYOUTUBE. FINALLY, WOLETZ DESCRIBES TWO APPROACHES TO STORYTELLING; TOP DOWN, WHICH EMPHASIZES HIGHLY TECHNICAL LABORA- TORIES; AND BOTTOM UP, WH ICH IS DERIVED FROM PUBLISHING STORIES USING TECHNOLOGY SUCH AS YOUTUBE. CHAPTER XLIII CMC FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF PSYCHOTHERAPY 602 MARKUS WOLF, UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY STEPHANIE BAUER, UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY THIS CHAPTER EXPLORES HOW PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS, WH ICH RELY ON VERBAL COM- MUNICATION AND LANGUAGE, CAN USE COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION. THE CHAPTER DISCUSSES BOTH AD- VANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OFUSING CMC IN THESE FIELDS. SEVERAL FORMS OFCMC ARE DISCUSSES, INCLUDING EMAIL, CHAT, AND SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE (SMS). THE CHAPTER SUGGESTS THREE CMC APPROACHES FOR RELAPSE PREVENTIONS FOLLOWING INPATIENT TREATMENT, AND CONCLUDES THAT EVIDENCE SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGY-BASES INTERVENTIONS IN HEALTH CARE IS GROWING AND LIKELY TO BECOME WIDESPREAD. CHAPTER XLIV MODERATING DISCUSSION GROUPS USING COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION 619 MAURI P. COLLINS, UNIVERSITY 0/ NEVADA LAS VEGAS, USA ZANE L. BERGE, UNIVERSITY 0/ MARYLAND, BALTIMORE COUNTY, USA THE CHAPTER PLACES ELECTRONIC DISCUSSION GROUP LEADERSHIP AND MODERATION, AND DISCUSS THE DISTINCTIONS AMONG GROUP ADMINISTRATION, MONITORING AND REVIEWING. JUST AS THE ONLINE DISCUSSION GROUP IS A VOLUN- TARY, INFORMALLEARNING GROUP IN THE HISTORIC TRADITION, SO THE MONITOR OR REVIEWER OFTHE ONLINE DISCUSSION GROUP FULFILLS MANY OF THE ROLES, TASKS, AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF AN INFORMAL ADULT EDUCATOR IN THEIR ROLES AS DISCUSSION LEADERS AND FACILITATORS. THIS POSITIONS THE MODERATORS OF ONLINE DISCUSSION GROUPS WITHIN THE REALM OF INTEREST TO ADULT EDUCATION AND EDUCATORS. BY EXAMINING SUCH FACTORS, THIS CHAPTER WILL PROVIDE THE FOUNDATIONS FOR UNDERSTANDING THE COMPLEX, DYNAMIC, AND MULTITEXTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH ONLINE DISCUSSION GROUP MODERATORS FUNCTION. CHAPTERXLV LOCATING PRESENCE AND POSITIONS IN ONLINE FOCUS GROUP TEXT WITH STANCE-SHIFT ANALYSIS 634 BOYD DAVIS, UNIVERSITY 0/ NORTH CAROLINA-EHARLOTTE, USA PEYTON MASON, LINGUISTICS INSIGHTS, INC., USA THIS CHAPTER IDENTIFIES TEN CHARACTERISTICS OF ONLINE FOCUS GROUP TEXT CHAT, INCLUDING WRITING CONVENTIONS. THE CHAPTER GIVES AN OVERVIEW OF STANCE SHIFT ANALYSIS, A TYPE OF QUANTITATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS, WH ICH IS USED TO MINIMIZE INVESTIGATOR BIAS IN INVESTIGATING HOW PEOPLE SIGNAL ATTITUDES AND OPINIONS IN ONLINE FOCUS GROUP INTERACTIONS. CHAPTER XLVI THE IMPACT OFPERSONALITY ON VIRTUAL TEAM CREATIVITY AND QUALITY 647 ROSALIE J OCKER, THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA ASERIES OF EXPERIMENTS INVESTIGATED CREATIVITY AND QUALITY OF WORK-PRODUCT SOLUTIONS IN VIRTUAL TEAMS (OCKER,2007, 2005; OCKER & FJERMESTAD, 1998; OCKER, HILTZ, & JOHNSON, 1998; OCKER, HILTZ, TUROFF, & FJERMESTAD, 1996). ACROSS EXPERIMENTS, SMALL TEAMS WITH ABOUT FIVE GRADUATE STUDENTS INTERACTED FOR APPROXIMATELY TWO WEEKS TO DETERMINE THE HIGH-LEVEL REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN FOR A COMPUTER- IZED POST OFFICE (GOEI, 1989; OLSON, OLSON, STORROSTEN, & CARTER, 1993). THE MEANS OFINTERACTION WAS MANIPULATED IN THESE EXPERIMENTS SUCH THAT TEAMS INTERACTED VIA ONE OF THE FOLLOWING TREATMENTS: (I) ASYNCHRONOUS COMPUTER MEDICATED COMMUNICATION (CMC), (2) SYNCHRONOUS CMC, (3) ASYNCHRONOUS CMC INTERSPERSED WITH FACE-TO-FACE (FTF) MEETINGS, OR (4) ASERIES OFTRADITIONAL FTF MEETINGS WITHOUT ANY ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION. CHAPTER XLVII E-MENTORING: AN EXTENDED PRACTICE, AN EMERGING DISCIPLINE 656 ANGELICA RISQUEZ, UNIVERSITY 0/ LIMERICK, IRELAND THIS CHAPTER INTEGRATES EXISTING LITERATURE AND DEVELOPMENTS ON ELECTRONIC MENTORING TO BUILD A CONSTRUCTIVE VIEW OFTHIS MODALITY OFMENTORING AS A QUALITATIVELY DIFFERENT CONCEPT FROM ITS TRADITIONAL FACE-TO-FACE VERSION. THE CONCEPT OF E-MENTORING IS INTRODUCED BY LOOKING FIRST INTO THE EVASIVE NOTION OF MENTORING. NEXT, SOME SALIENT E-MENTORING EXPERIENCES ARE IDENTIFIED. THE CHAPTER GOES ON TO NOTE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ELECTRONIC AND FACE-TO-FACE MENTORING, AND HOW THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENTOR AND MENTEE IS MODIFIED BY TECHNOLOGY IN UNIQUE AND DEFINITIVE WAYS. READERS ARE ALSO PRESENTED WITH A COLLECTION OF BEST PRACTICES ON DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND EVALUATION OF E-MENTORING PROGRAMS. FINALLY, SOME PRACTICE AND RESEARCH TRENDS ARE PROPOSED. IN CONCLUSION, THE AUTHOR DRAWS AN ELEMENTAL DISTINCTION BE- TWEEN BOTH MODALITIES OF MENTORING, WHICH DEFINES E-MENTORING AS MORE THAN THE DEFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE TO FACE-TO-FACE CONTACT. SECTION IV TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO CMC CHAPTER XLVIII PODCASTIA: IMAGINING COMMUNITIES OF POD-PEOPLE 679 JONATHAN COHN, UCLA, USA PODCASTS LIKE MANY OTHER NEW INTERNET GENRES, ARE THOUGHT TO BE LISTENED TO MAINLY BY AN AFFLUENT, GEO- GRAPHICALLY SPREAD OUT AUDIENCE WHO CREATE PODCAST THEMSELVES. BY LOOKING AT THE VARIOUS INSTITUTIONAL AND PRODUCTION ISSUES, ALONG WITH AUDIENCES OF THE PODCAST MEDIUM, THIS CHAPTER WILL SHOW HOW THIS GENRE WORKS TO CREATE AND SUSTAIN MASS COMMUNITIES OF PROSUMERS AND MOBILE AUDIENCES. ALSO, THIS CHAPTER WILL HISTORICALLY CONTEXTUALIZE THE PODCAST BY SHOWING WAYS IN WHICH IT IS NOT SIMPLY A REITERA- TION OF EARLIER TECHNOLOGIES, BUT ALSO A DISTINCT NEW MEDIUM WITH A UNIQUE, PROSUMER-FRIENDLY MODE OF TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION. CHAPTER XLIX E-MAIL DISTRIBUTION LISTS IN ADULT LEARNING: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 690 MAURI P. COLLINS, UNIVERSITY 01NEVADA LAS VEGAS, USA ZANE L. BERGE, UNIVERSITY 01 MARYLAND, BALTIMORE COUNTY. USA ONLINE, EMAIL-BASED DISCUSSION GROUPS ARE CONTEMPORARY EXAMPLES OF AN HISTORICAL TRADITION OF VOLUN- TARY, INFORMAL, LEARNING GROUPS USED BY ADULTS FOR TOPICAL DISCUSSION, FELLOWSHIP, AND LEARNING. BECAUSE THE DISCUSSION AMONG GROUP MEMBERS TAKES THE FORM OF EMAIL EXCHANGES, THEY ARE ALSO BEEN LIKENED TO HISTORICAL CORRESPONDENCE NETWORKS. THIS CHAPTER SETS THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OFTHE EMAIL-BASED DISCUS- SION GROUPS THAT PRECEDED THE EXTENSIVE USE OFBULLETIN-BOARD STYLE DISCUSSION FORUMS IN CONTEMPORARY LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. CHAPTER L THE USE OFCMC TECHNOLOGIES IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES 705 COURTNEY D. CRUMMETT, NATIONAL LIBRARY 01 MEDICINE, NATIONAL INSTITUTES 01HEALTH, USA ANNA H PERRAULT, SOUTH FLORIDA UNIVERSITY, TAMPA, USA THIS CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS VARIOUS WAYS THAT THE ACADEMIC LIBRARY COMMUNITY IS INCORPORATING CMC TECHOLO- GIES. THIS CHAPTER FOCUSES ON INSTANT MESSAGING, BLOG, WIKI, AND PODCASTTECHNOLOGIES. THE AUTHORS PROVIDE CURRENT EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC IIBRARIES IMPLEMENTING THESE TECHNOLOGIES. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES AS WEIL AS BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION OFTHESE TECHNOLOGIES ARE DISCUSSED. THIS CHAPTER CONCLUDES WITH AN EXPLORATION OFFUTURE TRENDS OFCMC TECHNOLOGIES USED IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES. CHAPTER LI BLOGS - A COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION TOOL FOR VIRTUAL TEAM COLLABORATION 720 ASHOK DARISIPUDI, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY. USA SUSHIL K. SHARMA, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY. USA THIS CHAPTER DISCUSSES HOW VIRTUAL TEAMS CAN UTILIZE BLOGS FOR THEIR COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION TOOL TO COORDINATE THEIR WORK AND EFFECTIVELY COMMUNICATE. THE CHAPTER INCLUDES RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR VIRTUAL TEAMS TO ADOPT, SUGGESTIONS FOR COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES, AND CHALLENGES THIS PRACTICE MIGHT CREATE. THE CHAPTER GIVES EXAMPLES OFVIRTUAL TEAMS, LIKE POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS, ALREADY USING BLOGS TO COM- MUNICATE, AND DEMONSTRATES HOW THE BLOGOSPHERE IS A SOCIAL NETWORK WITH INDIVIDUAL BLOGS FUNCTIONING AS NODES. THE CHAPTER POSITS THAT BLOGS HAVE A UNIQUE NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS, SUCH AS CONVENIENCE, PERVASIVENESS, AND MEDIA RICHNESS, THAT CAN ENHANCE VIRTUAL TEAM COLLABORATION. CHAPTER LU CORPORATE BLOGGING 73 I UMA DORAISWAMY, WESTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY, USA THIS CHAPTER WILL EXPLAIN CORPORATE BLOGS, ITS BENEFITS AND RISKS. IT WILL EXPLORE WITH EXAMPLES WHY BLOGS ARE IMPORTANT TO ORGANIZATIONS IN TERMS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, TEAM MANAGEMENT, MARKETING, COL- LABORATION AND BUILDING CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP. ALSO IT WILL GIVE SUGGESTIONS AS TO HOW INFORMATION SPE- CIALISTS OR IIBRARIANS IN THE CORPORATE SECTOR CAN ASSIST IN SETTING UP BLOGS AND IN TRAINING THE EMPLOYEES TO LEARN THE NEW COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY. CHAPTER LUI SEEK AND YE SHALL FIND : 740 SUELY FRAGOSO, UNISINOS, BRAZIL THIS CHAPTER PROPOSES THAT SEARCH ENGINES APPLY A VERTICALIZING PRESS URE ON THE WWW MANY-TO-MANY INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION MODEL. IN SO DOING, THIS PRESSURE FORCES US TO REVERT TO A DISTRIBUTIVE MODEL SIMILAR TO THAT OFTHE MASS MEDIA. WITHIN THIS PARADIGM, THE CONFIDENCE USERS PLACE IN THE SEARCH ENGINES AND THE ONGOING ACQUISITION OF COLLABORATIVE SYSTEMS AND SMALLER PLAYERS BY THE LARGE SEARCH ENGINES CONTRIBUTE FOR THE VERTICALIZING PRESSURE THAT THE SEARCH ENGINES APPLY TO THE WWW. IN DISCUSSING THESE MATTERS, THE AUTHOR ALSO PRESENTS ABRIEF HISTORY OF SEARCH MECHANISMS FOR THE INTERNET AND DISCUSSES THE INCREASING TIES BETWEEN THE SEARCH ENGINES AND THE ADVERTISING MARKET. CHAPTERLIV TURN TAKING IN E-MAIL DISCUSSIONS 755 SAND RA HARRISON, COVENTRY UNIVERSITY, UK THIS CHAPTER INVESTIGATES TURN TAKING IN NATURALLY OCCURRING EMAIL DISCUSSIONS. IN EMAIL DISCUSSIONS, PARTICIPANTS CAN SELF SELECT TO CONTRIBUTE AT ANY TIME, TURNS CANNOT BE INTERRUPTED, AND ADJACENCY CANNOT BE GUARANTEED. HOWEVER, PARTICIPANTS ENGAGE IN RECOGNISABLE DISCUSSIONS AND SPEAKER CHANGE OCCURS. PATTERNS OFTURN TAKING CAN BE OBSERVED, AND THERE ARE MANY PARALLEIS WITH SPOKEN CONVERSATION. BASED ON THESE OBSERVATIONS, MIES FOR TURN-TAKING IN EMAIL DISCUSSIONS ARE DEVISED. CHAPTERLV INNOVATION AND UTILITY IN THE OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORK 773 ROBERT KARL KOSLOWSKY, INDEPENDENT SCHOLAR, USA THIS CHAPTER ADDRESSES THE INTRODUCTION OF A MULTI SERVICE PROVISIONING PLATFORM (MSPP) INTO THE TRANS- MISSION SEGMENT OFTHE COMMUNICATION NETWORK. MSPPS ENABLED THE PROLIFERATION OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION (CMC) THROUGH THE SYNTHESIS OF TRADITIONAL VOICE AND EMERGING INTERNET TRAFIK THE BANDWIDTH BOTTLENECK CREATED BY VOICE-ONLY-BASED EQUIPMENT WAS BROKEN BY THE MSPPS AND POSITIONED THE INTERNET FOR CARRIAGE OF EVEN HIGHER BANDWIDTH VIDEO TRAFIK CHAPTER LVI DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY 791 ERIC T. MEYER, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, UK THIS CHAPTER PRESENTS A TYPOLOGY FOR APPROACHING THE STUDY OF PHOTOGRAPHY AS A FORM OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, AND THEN PRESENTS SEVERAL EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATING THE CONSEQUENCES DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY HAS FOR AMATEURS AND PROFESSIONALS. EXAMPLES INCLUDE PHOTOJOURNALISM, SCIENTIFIC PHOTOGRAPHY, PHOTOGRAPHY IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM, AND PERSONAL PHOTOGRAPHY. THE CHAPTER ENDS WITH A CALL FOR ADDITIONAL RESEARCH INTO THE SOCIAL ASPECTS OFTHIS UBIQUITOUS FORM OF COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION. CHAPTER LVLL IM S GROWTH, BENEFITS, AND IMPACT ON COMMUNICATION 804 SARA R%FSKY MAREUS, QUEENS COLLEGE GSLIS, USA THIS CHAPTER DISCUSSES SYNCHRONOUS, ONE-ON-ONE, COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON COMMUNICATION, ESPECIALLY FOR PEOPLE WITH SPEAKING OR HEARING DIFFICULTIES. THE CHAPTER REVIEWS THE GROWTH OF THIS TYPE OF COMMUNICATION, BEGINNING WITH TELETYPEWRITER/ TELECOMMUNICATIORIS DEVICES FOR THE DEAF (TTY /TTD), AND DETAILS HOW INSTANT MESSENGER COMMUNICATION HAS DEVELOPED SOME OF THE SAME FEATURES AS THE TTY/TTD COMMUNICATION HAS USED FOR YEARS, SUCH AS SHORTHAND TO INCREASE THE SPEED. THIS ASPECT OFTHE COMMUNICATION IS THEN DISCUSSED IN DEPTH, INCLUDING WHO USES IT, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF IT, AND WHETHER THERE WILL BE AN INFTUX OF THE IM JARGON INTO EVERYDAY LANGUAGE. CHAPTER LVIII PODCASTING AND REALLY SIMPLE SYNDICATION (RSS) 815 ANNA C. MEFADDEN, THE UNIVERSITY 0/ ALABAMA, USA THE HISTORY AND USE OFPODCASTING AND REALLY SIMPLE SYNDICATION (RSS) IS COVERED IN THIS ARTICLE, INCLUDING AN IN DEPTH EXPLANATION OF EACH TECHNOLOGY AND HOW THEY CAN BE USED TOGETHER. THE CHAPTER DETAILS HOW PODCASTING CAN BE A USEFUL TOOL IN EDUCATIONAL AND BUSINESS SETTINGS, AND PROVIDES A PRACTICAL SUMMARY OFTHE TOOLS NEEDED FOR IMPLEMENTING THE TECHNOLOGY. BOTH HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ARE COVERED, AS WEIL AS THE APPLICATIONS FOR PODCASTING, AND SOME ISSUES AND ATTITUDES TOWARD IT. BROAD IMPLICATIONS ARE ALSO DISCUSSES, SUCH AS HOW COPYRIGHT RELATES TO THE TECHNOLOGY, WH ETHER AUDITORY INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY DIFFERS FROM IN-CLASS INSTRUCTION, AND HOW THE USE OF PODCASTING TRANSFORMS A SOCIAL UNDERSTANDING OF AUTHORITY. CHAPTERLIX COMPUTER MEDIATED SPEECH TECHNOLOGY - PERCEPTIONS OFSYNTHETIC SPEECH AND ATTITUDES 831 JOHN W: MULLENNIX, UNIVERSITY 0/ PITTSBURGH AT JOHNSTOWN, USA STEVEN E. STERN, UNIVERSITY 0/ PITTSBURGH AT JOHNSTOWN, USA THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES A FORM OFCMC CALLED COMPUTER SYNTHESIZED SPEECH (CSS). IN THIS CHAPTER, THE AUTHORS REVIEW THE DEVELOPMENT OFCSS TECHNOLOGY AND DISCUSS THE WORK ON PERCEPTION AND COMPREHEN- SION OFCSS. THE AUTHORS THEN EXAMINE HOW CSS USE INFLUENCES INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE, IN PARTICULAR, DISABLED PEOPLE. THE CHAPTER CONCLUDES BY EMPHASIZING THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF CSS SYSTEMS SHOULD TAKE INTO ACCOUNT VARIOUS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ROOTED IN PREJUDICE AND STIGMA OFTHE DISABLED. CHAPTERLX INFORMATION COMMONS AND WEB 2.0 TECHNOLOGIES: CREATING RHETORICAL SITUATIONS AND ENACTING HABERMASIAN IDEALS IN THE ACADEMIC LIBRARY 845 ELISABETH PANKL, KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY, USA JENNA RYAN, LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA PANKL AND RYAN DISCUSS THE EFFECT THAT WEB 2.0 TECHNOLOGIES ARE HAVING ON ACADEMIC LIBRARIES. THE AUTHORS POSIT THAT WEB 2.0 IS BRINGING ABOUT SIGNIFICANT PEDAGOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN UNIVERSITY CURRICULUMS BY BRINGING A NEED INTO THE CURRICULUM FOR STRONGER INFORMATION LITERACY INSTRUCTION. THE CHAPTER DISCUSSES THE PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE ON UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES WITHIN THE PAST THIRTY YEARS TOWARD A THEORY OF SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE, AND GO ON TO DISCUSS THE TREND OF INFORMATION COMMONS WITHIN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES AND HOW THIS FITS IN WITH THE BROADER THEME OFTHIS COMMUNICATIVE LEARNING. THEY CONCLUDE THAT THE UNDERSTANDING OF COMMUNICATION AND PEDAGOGY ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES HAS TRANSFORMED AND THAT THE LIBRARIES OFF ER THE CHANNELS TO BEST ACCOMMODATE THIS TRANSFORMATION. CHAPTERLXI HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION 855 JUTTA WEBER, TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY CAROLO-WILHELMINA 0/ BRUNSWICK, GERMANY THIS CHAPTER DISCUSSES EPISTEMOLOGICAL, ONTOLOGICAL AND TECHNO-MATERIAL ASPECTS OF SOCIO-EMOTIONAL ROBOTS, PARTICULARLY PERSONAL SERVICE ROBOTICS. THE CHAPTER FOCUSES ON SOCIAL ROBOTS THAT INTERACT PHYSI- CALLY, AFFECTIVELY AND SOCIALLY WITH HUMANS, TO SUPPORT THEM IN EVERYDAY IIFE, PLAY WITH OR ENTERTAIN THEM, AND EDUCATE THEM. THE AESTHETICS OF SOCIAL ROBOTS IS DISCUSSES IN TERMS OF IMPORTANCE, EXPLAINING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANTHROPOMORPHIE ROBOTS; ZOOMORPHIC, AND CARTOON-IIKE ROBOTS, AND HOW THE HUMAN REACTS DIFFERENTLY TO THE ROBOT BASED ON ITS LOOKS. FOR EXAMPLE, USERS INTERACTING WITH ROBOTS WITH HUMANOID FEATURES HAVE A HIGHER EXPECTATION OF INTELLIGENCE THAN FROM ROBOTS WITH ANIMALLIKE FEATURES. THE CHAPTER DISCUSSES THE IN BROAD TERMS THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN ROBOT INTERACTION AND SUMMARIZES SEVERAL APPROACHES TO DESIGNING ROBOT BEHAVIOR TO BEST COMMUNICATION WITH HUMANS. CHAPTER LXII INSTANT MESSAGING AS A HYPERMEDIUM IN THE MAKING 868 KALEV LEETARU, UNIVERSITY O/LLLINOIS, USA THIS CHAPTER EXPLORES THE RECENT RISE OF INSTANT MESSAGING SYSTEMS AS A CENTERPIECE OF ONLINE COMMUNICA- TION AND THE ROLE THIS NEW MEDIUM WILL PLAY IN THE COMMUNICATIVE SPHERE. AS THE MEDIUM HAS EVOLVED, IT HAS GROWN TO SUBSUME MANY TRADITIONAL COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, MERGING THEIR INDIVIDUAL CAPA- BILITIES. A CROSS-SECTION OFPOPULAR AND ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGIES IS EXAMINED AND A STRATA OFAFFORDANCES INTRODUCED, DESCRIBING THE MEDIA S CAPACITY FOR TASKS ENABLED THROUGH THEIR MESSAGE TRANSPORT. THROUGH THIS FRAMEWORK THE MODERN MEDIUM OFLNSTANT MESSAGING IS COMPARED AGAINST THESE OTHER TECHNOLOGIES IN TERMS OFTHE AFFORDANCES OFFERED BY EACH AND THE ARGUMENT PRESENTED THAT IM IS EVOLVING TO SUBSUME MANY OF THE TRADITIONAL COMMUNICATIVE MEDIUMS INTO A SINGLE COMMUNICATIONS HUB, OR HYPERMEDIUM. SEETION V CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC ISSUES IN CMC CHAPTER LXIII CMC RESEARCH IN LATIN AMERICA AND SPAIN - META-ANALYSES FROM AN EMERGENT FIELD 883 EDGAR GOMEZ CRUZ, UNIVERSITAT OBERTA DE CATALUNYA, SPAIN THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES THE STATE OF CMC RESEARCH IN BOTH LATIN AMERICA AND SPAIN. THIS EXAMINATION BEGINS WITH A GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE CMC STUDIES THAT HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED IN LATIN AMERICA AND SPAIN. THE CHAPTER THEN COMPARES CMC STUDIES IN LATIN AMERICA AND SPAIN WITH THE CMC RESEARCH DONE IN WESTERN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES. THE CHAPTER THEN CONCLUDES WITH AN IN-DEPTH LOOK AT THREE COUNTRIES IN WHICH RESEARCH INTO CMC APPEARS TO BE THE MOST DEVELOPED OR FOCUSED: MEXICO, ARGENTINA AND BRAZIL. CHAPTER LXIV GLOBAL CULTURE AND COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION 901 SUSAN R. FUSSELL, CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY, USA QIPING ZHANG, LONG ISLAND UNIVERSITY, USA LESLIE D. SET/OEK, CARNEGIE ME/ION UNIVERSITY, USA THIS CHAPTER DISCUSSES HOW CULTURAL DIFFERENCES INFLUENCE COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION. THE AUTHORS PRESENT A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CULTURE AND COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION. THEY THEN USE THIS FRAMEWORK TO ORGANIZE A DETAILED REVIEW OF PRIOR RESEARCH ON CULTURE AND COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION. THROUGHOUT THEIR REVIEW, THE AUTHORS HIGHLIGHT THE TYPES OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCES THAT HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE AND THE ASPECTS OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION THEY AFFECT. THE CHAPTER CONCLUDES BY SUGGESTING SOME NEW AVENUES OF EXPLORATION IN THE AREA OF CULTURE AND COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION. CHAPTERLXV INNOVATIONS AND MOTIVATIONS IN ONLINE CHAT 917 WENGAO GONG, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OJ SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE VINEENT B. Y. OOI, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OJSINGAPORE, SINGAPORE THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES THE DEFINING LINGUISTIC INNOVATIONS IN ONLINE CHAT AND THE SOCIAL MOTIVATIONS BE- HIND THEM. IN THE CHAPTER, THE AUTHORS EXPLORE THE UNIQUENESS OF ONLINE CHAT AS A MEANS OF COMMUNICA- TION FOR (I) OFFERING PEOPLE OPPORTUNITIES TO MAKE NEW FRIENDS OR ACQUAINTANCES, (2) PSYCHOLOGICALLY EXPERIMENTING WITH DIFFERENT IDENTITIES, AND III) EXPLORING NEW RELATIONSHIPS WITHOUT THE SHYNESS THAT FACE-TO-FACE INTERACTION CAN BRING. THE AUTHORS ALSO DESCRIBE IN DETAIL SOME OFTHE INNOVATIVE LINGUISTIC FEATURES OBSERVABLE IN THIS UNIQUE MODE OF COMMUNICATION AND EXPLAIN THE SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF THESE FEATURES. THE CHAPTER CONCLUDES WITH FURTHER TRENDS CONCEMING ONLINE CHAT AS A MEANS OF COMMUNICATION AND SOME RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH. CHAPTER LXVI SOLIDARITY AND RAPPORT IN SOCIAL INTERACTION 934 JUNG-RAN PARK, DREXEL UNIVERSITY, USA THIS CHAPTER PRESENTS A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS BASED ON THE LINGUISTIC POLITENESS THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK, AP- PLIED TO REAL TIME ONLINE CHAT. THE CHAPTER DISCUSSES DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FACE TO FACE COMMUNICATION AND ONLINE CHAT, SUCH AS CONTEXTUAL CUES, THE EFFORT AND TIME REQUIRED FOR KEYBOARDING, AND PARALINGUISTIC FEATURES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION. THE CHAPTER THEN PRESENTS ONLINE MECHANISMS BY WHICH USERS OVERCOME THE CONSTRAINTS OF ONLINE CHAT. PARK USES DISCOURSE ANALYSIS TO ANALYZE CHAT TRANSERIPTS THAT TOOK PLACE IN A MATHEMATICS GROUP COLLABORATING ON A PROBLEM, AND ANALYZES THE WAY IN WHICH ONLINE LANGUAGE USERS ENHANCE SOCIAL INTERACTION AND GROUP COLLABORATION THROUGH THIS CMC CHANNEL, CONCLUDING THAT PARTICI- PANTS ARE ABLE TO EMPLOY A VARIETY OFTACTICS TO SIGNAL NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION CUES THAT NORMALLY TAKE PLACE IN A FACE TO FACE SETTING. CHAPTER LXVII CHAT ROOMS FOR LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING 947 CHENG-CHAO SU, NATIONAL TAIWAN COLLEGE OF PERFOMING ARTS, TAIWAN KAREN GARCIA, UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, USA FOCUSING ON SYNCHRONOUS COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION PLATFORMS, THIS CHAPTER DISCUSSES A VARIETY OF CHAT PLATFORMS INCLUDING INSTANT MESSENGERS, WEB CHAT ROOMS, E-CONFERENCING PLATFORMS, AND OTHER CHAT SOFTWARE. THE CHAPTER EXAMINES THE IMPACT THAT THESE TECHNOLOGIES HAVE ON LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING, AND ADDRESSES HOW THE TECHNOLOGY AND DIVERSITY AFFECT LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESSES, AND MAKE ONLINE ACTIVITIES MOTIVATING AND AUTHENTIC. SEVERAL PEDAGOGICAL USES OFSYNCHRONOUS COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION ARE PRESENTED, ALONG WITH RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES FOR SUCCESS. THE CHAPTER CONCLUDES THAT COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNIEATION TECHNOLOGIES CAN BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN EDUCATORS WHO ARE USED TO A PRINT PARADIGM AND STUDENTS, WHO ARE OFTEN TIMES DIGITAL NATIVES. CHAPTER LXVM LINGUISTIC FORMS AND FUNCTION OFSMS TEXT MESSAGES IN NIGERIA 969 ROTIMI TAIWO, OBAFERMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA TAIWO EXAMINES LINGUISTIC FORMS AND FUNCTIONS OFTEXT MESSAGES IN NIGERIA, EXAMINING HOW MOBILE PHONES HAVE AFFECTED COMMUNICATION IN NIGERIA. THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN NIGERIA ARE BRIEFLY DESCRIBED IN THE CONTEXT OF THE AVAILABILITY OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS. SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGES IN NIGERIA ARE ALSO DISCUSSED IN THE SAME CONTEXT. THE CHAPTER EXAMINES VARIOUS ORTHOGRAPHIE FORMS AND LINGUISTIC DEVICES COMMON IN TEXT MESSAGING, INCLUDING CONTRACTIONS, INITIALISMS, AND ACRONYMS, AND EXAMINES HOW NIGERIANS EMPLOY THEM IN ENGLISH AS WEIL AS HOW THEY RELATE TO THE INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES OFNIGERIA. CHAPTER LXIX LINGUISTICS OFCOMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION: APPROACHING THE METAPHOR 983 ROSANNA TARSIERO, GIONNETHICS, ITALY THIS CHAPTER INTRODUCES THE EMBODIED METAPHOR AS A MEANS OF STUDYING THE MULTIFACETED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION (CMC) AND CULTURE. IT ARGUES THAT THE EMBODIED METAPHOR OFFERS A MORE RELIABLE FRAMEWORK, AS OPPOSED TO BOTH DETERMINISTIC AND DISPOSITIONAL PERSPECTIVES, IN THAT IT PROVIDES A WAY TO UNDERSTAND, EXPLAIN, AND FRAME THE USER S ADAPTIVE RESPONSE TO CMC. FURTHERMORE, IT ALSO ARGUES THAT CULTURE HAS THE POTENTIAL TO SHAPE INTERACTIONS BY INFLUENCING THE WAY METAPHORS ARE ENACTED. THE AUTHOR HOPES THAT THE AFOREMENTIONED APPROACH WILL PROVIDE A NEW UNDERSTANDING OF THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN CMC AND CULTURE, INFORMING FUTURE STUDY DESIGN AND BRIDGING THE EXISTING GAP BETWEEN QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH THROUGH ACTION SCIENCE.
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spelling Handbook of research on computer mediated communication Sigrid Kelsey ... (eds.)
Computer mediated communication
Hershey, Pa. [u.a.] Information Science Reference
txt rdacontent
n rdamedia
nc rdacarrier
Gesellschaft
Computer-assisted instruction
Communication and technology
Information technology Social aspects
Computerunterstützte Kommunikation (DE-588)4535905-2 gnd rswk-swf
(DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content
Computerunterstützte Kommunikation (DE-588)4535905-2 s
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Kelsey, Sigrid Sonstige oth
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spellingShingle Handbook of research on computer mediated communication
Gesellschaft
Computer-assisted instruction
Communication and technology
Information technology Social aspects
Computerunterstützte Kommunikation (DE-588)4535905-2 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4535905-2
(DE-588)4143413-4
title Handbook of research on computer mediated communication
title_alt Computer mediated communication
title_auth Handbook of research on computer mediated communication
title_exact_search Handbook of research on computer mediated communication
title_full Handbook of research on computer mediated communication Sigrid Kelsey ... (eds.)
title_fullStr Handbook of research on computer mediated communication Sigrid Kelsey ... (eds.)
title_full_unstemmed Handbook of research on computer mediated communication Sigrid Kelsey ... (eds.)
title_short Handbook of research on computer mediated communication
title_sort handbook of research on computer mediated communication
topic Gesellschaft
Computer-assisted instruction
Communication and technology
Information technology Social aspects
Computerunterstützte Kommunikation (DE-588)4535905-2 gnd
topic_facet Gesellschaft
Computer-assisted instruction
Communication and technology
Information technology Social aspects
Computerunterstützte Kommunikation
Aufsatzsammlung
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