Feeding of Leucaena mimosine on small ruminants investigation on the control of its toxicity in small ruminants

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1. Verfasser: Aung Aung 1970- (VerfasserIn)
Format: Abschlussarbeit Buch
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Göttingen Cuvillier 2007
Ausgabe:1. Aufl.
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text Contents Page Table of contents i Abbreviation vi List of tables viii List of figures X 1 Introduction 1 2 Literature Review 3 2.1 Mimosine 3 2.1.1 Mimosine in Leucaena 3 2.2 Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) 4 2.2.1 Description 5 2.2.2 Some common names of Leucaena leucocephala 6 2.2.3 Environmental adaptation 6 2.3 Nutritive value of Leucaena 7 2.3.1 Leaves 7 2.3.2 Seeds 11 2.4 Use of Leucaena in livestock production 12 2.4.1 Leucaena as cattle feed 12 2.4.2 Leucaena as sheep feed 13 2.4.3 Leucaena as goat feed 14 2.4.4 Leucaena in poultry ration 15 2.4.5 Leucaena as feed for other animals 16 2.5 Adverse effects of Leucaena Mimosine on livestock 16 production 2.5.1 Cattle 16 2.5.2 Sheep 18 2.5.3 Goat 18 2.5.4 Poultry 19 2.5.5 Rats and mice 20 2.6 Acceptable daHy intake of Mimosine for the animals 21 2.7 Some metabolic pathways of Mimosine toxicity 21 2.8 Possible solutions to alleviate Mimosine toxicity 25 2.8.1 Development of Mimosine low cultivars 25 2.8.2 Heat treatment to the Leucaena leaves 26 2.8.3 Water washing, boiling or soaking 27 2.8.4 Detoxifying Mimosine with mineral supplementation 27 2.8.5 Control of Mimosine toxicity in ruminants by using 28 ruminal microbes 2.8.5.1 Natural distribution of the Mimosine 29 detoxifying ruminal bacteria 2.8.5.2 Persistence of ruminal 3,4-DHP degrading 30 bacteria 2.8.5.3 Isolation and characterization of Mimosine 31 detoxifying bacteria 2.8.5.4 Detection of Mimosine detoxifying ruminal 31 bacteria 2.8.5.5 Ruminal inoculation methods 34 2.8.5.6 Production of bacterial culture containing S. 34 jonesii Selection, isolation, characterization and detection of 36 properties of Mimosine degrading ruminal bacteria from German steers 3.1 Materials 36 3.2 Methods 36 3.2.1 Fermenter System 36 3.2.1.1 Fermenter vessel 37 3.2.1.2 Medium supply 38 3.2.1.3 Treatment with mimosine 38 3.2.1.4 Control of incubation temperature and pH 38 3.2.1.5 Out let of the overflow of fermenter fluid 38 3.2.1.6 Fermentation process 39 3.3 Detection of Mimosine degradability 39 3.3.1 Colourimetric assay 40 3.3.2 Preparation of momosine standard curve 40 3.4 Isolation and characterisation of Mimosine degrading 40 ruminal bacteria 3.4.1 Bacteriological staining 40 3.4.2 DNA isolation 41 3.4.3 PCR amplication process (16SPCR) 41 3.4.4 Purification of PCR fragments for sequencing 42 3.4.5 Gene sequencing 42 3.5 Comparison of some physical properties, morphology of 43 colonies and biochemical properties of isolate 3948 with reference strains 3.5.1 Morphology of colonies 43 3.5.2 Bacterial mobility 43 3.5.3 Capsule staining 44 3.5.4 Tests for biochemical properties 44 3.5.4.1 Microbial community analysis test (Biolog) 44 3.5.4.2 API test 45 3.6 Results 45 3.6.1 Standard curve for Mimosine content in rumen juice 45 3.6.2 Mimosine degradation 46 3.6.3 Microscopic appearance of isolate 3948 48 3.6.4 Comparison of some properties of isolate 3948 with 49 reference strains 3.6.4.1 Physical properties 49 3.6.4.2 Biochemical properties 49 3.7 Discussion 54 3.7.1 Mimosine degradation 54 3.7.2 Identification of isolate 3948 56 3.7.3 Dominant phenotype of Mimosine degrading ruminal 57 bacteria 3.8 Conclusion 58 4 Feeding trials 59 4.1 Multiplication of Mimosine degrading bacteria using IBT- 59 Gottinger Bioreactor 4.1.1 Materials 59 4.1.2 Fermenter vessel 61 4.1.3 Medium supply 62 4.1.4 Inoculum preparation 62 4.1.5 Control of incubation temperature and pH 62 4.1.6 Gaseous exchange system 62 4.1.7 Air filters 63 4.1.8 Sampling and harvesting system 63 4.1.9 Counting bacteria by using most probable number 63 (MPN) 4.2 Preservation of fermenter suspension for field experiment 64 4.2.1 Entrapment of bacteria in alginate beads 64 4.2.1.1 Counting bacteria after entrapment 65 4.2.2 Freeze-drying and counting the cells after freeze- 65 drying 4.3 Digestion trial in Myanmar sheep 66 4.3.1 Materials and methods 66 4.3.1.1 Source of rice straw 66 4.3.1.2 Manipulation of feedstuffs 66 4.3.1.3 Preliminary experiment to estimate toxic level 67 of leucaena 4.3.1.4 Experimental animals, management of animals 67 and experimental period 4.3.1.5 Experimental design, period and sample 67 collection 69 69 70 70 70 4.3.2 Observations 4.3.3 Chemical analysis 3.3.4 Statistical analysis 4.4 Results 4.4.1 Bacterial cell counts 4.4.1.1 After production 70 4.4.1.2 In alginate beads 70 4.4.1.3 After freeze-drying 70 4.4.2 Dry matter intake and toxic level of Leucaena in 70 Myanmar sheep 4.4.3 Clinical symptoms of Leucaena toxicosis 71 4.4.4 Chemical composition of feedstuffs and diets 71 4.4.5 Voluntary feed intake 72 4.4.6 Digestibilities of nutrients and nutritive values of diets 73 4.4.7 Daily nutrient intakes and digestible nutrient intakes 75 4.4.8 Nitrogen utilization 78 4.5 Discussion 80 4.5.1 Toxic symptoms of Mimosine 80 4.5.2 Chemical composition of Leucaena and diets 81 4.5.3 Nutrient intakes and nitrogen retention 82 4.5.4 Correspondence of Mimosine on digestibility of nutrients 85 4.6 Conclusion 87 5 General discussion 88 5.1 Some probiotic effects of K. pneumoniae 89 5.2 Effect of infusion of preserved Mimosine degrading ruminal 90 bacteria on Mimosine detoxification 6 Conclusion 93 7 Summary 94 7 Zusammenfassung 96 8 References 98 Appendices 123 Acknowledgement 136
any_adam_object 1
author Aung Aung 1970-
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Feeding of Leucaena mimosine on small ruminants investigation on the control of its toxicity in small ruminants submitted by Aung Aung
1. Aufl.
Göttingen Cuvillier 2007
X, 137 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
txt rdacontent
n rdamedia
nc rdacarrier
Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 2007
Goats cabt
Sheep cabt
Leucaena leucocephala cabt
Mimosine cabt
Toxicity cabt
Animal Feeding cabt
Microbial Flora cabt
Degradation cabt
Toxizität (DE-588)4078372-8 gnd rswk-swf
Friedländer-Bakterium (DE-588)4155451-6 gnd rswk-swf
Schaf (DE-588)4051990-9 gnd rswk-swf
Wilde Tamarinde (DE-588)4135912-4 gnd rswk-swf
Futtermittel (DE-588)4019014-6 gnd rswk-swf
(DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content
Schaf (DE-588)4051990-9 s
Futtermittel (DE-588)4019014-6 s
Wilde Tamarinde (DE-588)4135912-4 s
Toxizität (DE-588)4078372-8 s
Friedländer-Bakterium (DE-588)4155451-6 s
DE-604
HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022161466&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle Aung Aung 1970-
Feeding of Leucaena mimosine on small ruminants investigation on the control of its toxicity in small ruminants
Goats cabt
Sheep cabt
Leucaena leucocephala cabt
Mimosine cabt
Toxicity cabt
Animal Feeding cabt
Microbial Flora cabt
Degradation cabt
Toxizität (DE-588)4078372-8 gnd
Friedländer-Bakterium (DE-588)4155451-6 gnd
Schaf (DE-588)4051990-9 gnd
Wilde Tamarinde (DE-588)4135912-4 gnd
Futtermittel (DE-588)4019014-6 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4078372-8
(DE-588)4155451-6
(DE-588)4051990-9
(DE-588)4135912-4
(DE-588)4019014-6
(DE-588)4113937-9
title Feeding of Leucaena mimosine on small ruminants investigation on the control of its toxicity in small ruminants
title_auth Feeding of Leucaena mimosine on small ruminants investigation on the control of its toxicity in small ruminants
title_exact_search Feeding of Leucaena mimosine on small ruminants investigation on the control of its toxicity in small ruminants
title_full Feeding of Leucaena mimosine on small ruminants investigation on the control of its toxicity in small ruminants submitted by Aung Aung
title_fullStr Feeding of Leucaena mimosine on small ruminants investigation on the control of its toxicity in small ruminants submitted by Aung Aung
title_full_unstemmed Feeding of Leucaena mimosine on small ruminants investigation on the control of its toxicity in small ruminants submitted by Aung Aung
title_short Feeding of Leucaena mimosine on small ruminants
title_sort feeding of leucaena mimosine on small ruminants investigation on the control of its toxicity in small ruminants
title_sub investigation on the control of its toxicity in small ruminants
topic Goats cabt
Sheep cabt
Leucaena leucocephala cabt
Mimosine cabt
Toxicity cabt
Animal Feeding cabt
Microbial Flora cabt
Degradation cabt
Toxizität (DE-588)4078372-8 gnd
Friedländer-Bakterium (DE-588)4155451-6 gnd
Schaf (DE-588)4051990-9 gnd
Wilde Tamarinde (DE-588)4135912-4 gnd
Futtermittel (DE-588)4019014-6 gnd
topic_facet Goats
Sheep
Leucaena leucocephala
Mimosine
Toxicity
Animal Feeding
Microbial Flora
Degradation
Toxizität
Friedländer-Bakterium
Schaf
Wilde Tamarinde
Futtermittel
Hochschulschrift
url http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022161466&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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