Encyclopedia of marine natural products

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1. Verfasser: Kornprobst, Jean-Michel (VerfasserIn)
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adam_text IMAGE 1 CONTENTS FOREWORD XXI PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XXIII LIST OF FIGURES XXV LIST OF TABLES XXXV ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND CELL LINES XXXIX VOLUME 1 PARTI GENERAL ASPECTS AND DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES L SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS: GREAT STEPS IN CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION 3 WHITTAKEFS FIVE KINGDOMS SYSTEM 3 DISCOVERY OF ARCHAEAFARCHAEBACTERIA): TERNARY MODEL OF LIVING ORGANISMS 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF CELL MEMBRANES 5 SOME RECENT DATA ON TERPENES 7 MAIN STAGES OF EVOLUTION 8 EXCEPTIONAL RESOURCES OF MARINE BIODIVERSITY 9 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCESS 10 REFERENCES 10 WEBSITES 12 GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT 13 PHYSICOCHEMICAL ASPECTS 13 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER 13 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SEAWATER 15 RAPID ABSORPTION OF LIGHT IN RELATION TO DEPTH SELECTIVE ABSORPTION OF THE WAVELENGTHS 15 15 BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS 16 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES 16 ECOMONES: VECTORS OF CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION PHENOMENA OF DEPENDENCE 16 DEPENDENCE ON LIGHT 16 DEPENDENCE ON TEMPERATURE 17 DEPENDENCE ON SALINITY 17 MAIN TYPES OF INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONS 17 COMMENSALISM 17 SYMBIOSIS 17 PARASITISM 17 THE HIERARCHY OF ECOLOGICAL LEVELS AND SPACE DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE ORGANISMS 18 PLANT BIODIVERSITY: PHYLOGENY OF THE ALGAE 18 ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY 21 BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SESSILE ANIMALS 23 ESTIMATION OF BIOMASS 23 16 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES REFERENCES 24 WEBSITES 25 24 CHEMISTRY OF MARINE NATURAL SUBSTANCES: ORIGINALITY, DIVERSITY, DISTRIBUTION 27 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 27 DISTRIBUTION OF NITROGENOUS AND NON-NITROGENOUS SECONDARY METABOLITES 27 DISTRIBUTION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES BY CHEMICAL CLASS 28 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SECONDARY METABOLITES OF MARINE ORGANISMS 29 INCORPORATION OF HALOGENS 30 INCORPORATION OF SULFUR 31 INCORPORATION OF SILICON 32 BIBLIOGRAFISCHE INFORMATIONEN HTTP://D-NB.INFO/997573376 DIGITALISIERT DURCH IMAGE 2 VIII CONTENTS RARE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS ENCOUNTERED IN MARINE SUBSTANCES: AS, B, NI, V, ZN 32 ARSENIC 32 BORON 32 NICKEL 33 VANADIUM 33 ZINC 33 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 34 REFERENCES 34 WEBSITES 36 BASIC MARINE PHARMACOLOGY 37 THE HOPES OF THE PAST 37 THE REALITIES OF THE PRESENT 39 1. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 39 2. THE TRIPTYCH: BIODIVERSITY-CHEMODIVERSITY- PHARMACODIVERSITY 40 3. METHODS 44 FUTURE DIRECTIONS 46 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 53 REFERENCES 53 WEBSITES 56 DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 59 SHORT HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 59 PRINTED DOCUMENTATION 60 CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, BIOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS, CURRENT CONTENTS 60 BASIC WORKS 60 REFERENCE WORKS 61 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN VOLUMES NOT ENTIRELY DEDICATED TO MARINE ORGANISMS 61 SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS AND THE IMPACT FACTOR 62 SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS SPECIALIZING IN DEVELOPMENTS IN NATURAL MARINE PRODUCTS 62 ARTICLES ABOUT DEVELOPMENT PUBLISHED IN SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS 65 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MAJOR INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIA 66 GENERAL ARTICLES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS 66 ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTATION 67 STATIC DATABASES 68 DYNAMIC DATABASES 68 SEARCHING FOR INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET 68 PART 2 ARCHAEA (ARCHEBACTERIA) AND EU BACTERIA 6 ARCHAEA (ARCHAEBACTERIA) 73 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 73 MEMBRANE LIPIDS 74 PRANYLQUINONES 79 CYCLIC POLYSULFIDES 80 BACTERIORHODOPSIN OF HALOPHILES 82 EXTREMOZYMES 82 APPENDIX I: STEREOSPECIFIC NUMBERING (SN) 83 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 83 REFERENCES 83 EXPERIMENTAL DOCUMENTATION 85 WEBSITES 85 SYNTHESIS 86 EUBACTERIA - 1 87 CELL WALLS AND GRAM REACTION 87 ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS: BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLLS 88 BRIEF OVERVIEW OF MARINE BACTERIA 90 PIEZOPHILE (BAROPHILE) AND PSYCHROPHILE BACTERIA FROM EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS 91 EXAMPLES OF METABOLITES ISOLATED FROM NON-PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA 91 LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA 106 ANAEROBIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA 107 AEROBIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA 207 ANAMMOX BACTERIA AND LADDERANE LIPIDS 208 APPENDIX 2 110 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 212 REFERENCES 221 WEBSITES 116 SYNTHESIS 116 IMAGE 3 CONTENTS IX 8 EU BACTERIA - 2 121 PROCHLOROPHYTA 122 TAXONOMY OF PROCHLOROPHYTA 121 UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PROCHLOROCOCCUS 122 BIOCHEMICAL DATA ON PROCHLORON DIDEMNI 123 BIOCHEMICAL DATA ON PROCHLOROTHRIX HOLLANDICA 123 CYANOBACTERIA 124 TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF CYANOBACTERIA 124 PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS 225 MEMBRANE LIPIDS 128 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SECONDARY METABOLITES 129 MALYNGAMIDES AND OTHER CHLORINATED DERIVATIVES 130 SEMIPLENAMIDES A-G AND BESARHANAMIDES A-B 133 APLYSIATOXIN, OSCILLATOXIN-A AND OTHER BROMINATED DERIVATIVES 134 OTHER NON-PEPTIDIC NITROGENOUS DERIVATIVES 135 LIPOPEPTIDES, PEPTIDES AND DEPSIPEPTIDES 237 OTHER TOXINS 247 SULFATED COMPOUNDS 248 POLYMETHOXYALKENES AND POLY-/?-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACIDS (PHBAS) 250 OTHER MOLECULES 252 APPENDIX 3 253 APPENDIX 4 254 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 155 REFERENCES 155 WEBSITES 162 SYNTHESIS 163 PART 3 PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUKARYOTES BACILLARIOPHYCEAE (DIATOMS) 173 FRUSTULES: FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIATOMS 1 73 BASES OF CLASSIFICATION OF DIATOMS 1 74 PRIMARY METABOLITES 1 74 PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS 174 MEMBRANE LIPIDS 175 TERPENIC HYDROCARBONS 177 OTHER TERPENIC DERIVATIVES: DESCRIPTION OF THE TWO BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS 179 GENERA NITZSCHIA AND PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA: DOMOIC ACID 180 OTHER MOLECULES 181 APPENDIX 5 183 APPENDIX 6 184 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 185 REFERENCES 285 WEBSITES 287 SYNTHESIS 288 10 CHRYSOPHYCEAE, RAPHIDOPHYCEAE, HAPTOPHYCEAE 292 CHRYSOPHYCEAE 292 GENERAL PRESENTATION: SIMPLIFIED CLASSIFICATION 292 PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS AND STORAGE POLYSACCHARIDES 192 FATTY ACIDS 191 STEROLS 191 OTHER DERIVATIVES 192 RAPHIDOPHYCEAE 1 93 HAPTOPHYCEAE 1 93 GENERAL PRESENTATION: SIMPLIFIED CLASSIFICATION 193 PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS 194 STEROLS 194 FATTY ACIDS AND OTHER LINEAR DERIVATIVES 195 PRYMNESINS 196 PARTICULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF PAVLOVA PINGUIS AND PLEUROCHRYSIS CARTERAE 197 IMAGE 4 CONTENTS APPENDIX 7 198 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 199 REFERENCES 199 WEBSITES 200 SYNTHESIS 200 11 DINOPHYCEAE (DINOFLAGELLATES) 201 GENERAL ASPECTS 201 CLASSIFICATION OF DINOFLAGELLATES 202 PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS 202 SULFATED EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES 203 STEROLS 204 FATTY ACIDS 204 GLYCOLIPIDS 207 AMPHIDINOLS AND OTHER POLYHYDROXYLATED POLYENIC DERIVATIVES 207 TOXIC PROLIFERATIONS: ENDO- AND EXOTOXINS 211 MAIN TYPES OF DINOFLAGELLATE TOXINS 222 CYCLIC POLYETHERS 222 OKADAIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES 220 TOXIC MACROLIDES: AMPHIDINOLIDES, CARIBENOLIDE, GONIO- DOMIN A, HOFFMANNIOLIDE 222 COMPLEXITY OF THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF POLYKETIDES 225 SAXITOXIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES 225 NITROGENOUS TOXINS WITH IMINE FUNCTION 228 ZOOXANTHELLATOXINS (ZTS) AND OTHER NITROGENOUS TOXINS 229 PFIESTERIA PISCIDDA: A PARTICULARLY TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE 232 SULFUR-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES 232 PHOSPHORUS DERIVATIVES 233 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 233 REFERENCES 233 WEBSITES 242 SYNTHESIS 242 12 CHLOROPHYCEAE (GREEN ALGAE) AND MARINE SPERMATOPHYTA 251 GENERAL ASPECTS 251 ELEMENTS OF CLASSIFICATION OF MARINE MACROALGAE 251 CLASSIFICATION OF CHLOROPHYCEAE 252 CHLOROPHYLLS, CAROTENES AND XANTHOPHYLLS 252 STORAGE POLYSACCHARIDES: STARCHES 254 CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES 255 MATRIX POLYSACCHARIDES 255 MEMBRANE LIPIDS: FATTY ACIDS AND STEROLS 255 OXYLIPINS 258 BACKGROUND ON THE SECONDARY METABOLITES OF CHLOROPHYCEAE 259 TERPENES 259 MEROTERPENES OF DASYCLADALES 262 AROMATIC DERIVATIVES 263 AMINO ACIDS, AMINES, BETAINES 264 PEPTIDES AND DEPSIPEPTIDES: KAHALALIDES 264 OTHER NITROGEN-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES 265 SULFUR-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES 267 MARINE SPERMATOPHYTA (PHANEROGAMS) 267 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 268 REFERENCES 268 WEBSITES 272 SYNTHESIS 273 13 RHODOPHYCEAE (RED ALGAE) 275 SPECIAL FEATURES OF RED ALGAE 275 CLASSIFICATION OF RHODOPHYCEAE 275 PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS 277 STORAGE MONOSACCHARIDES AND POLYSACCHARIDES 278 SKELETON POLYSACCHARIDES 278 MATRIX POLYSACCHARIDES: CARRAGEENANS AND AGARS 278 CARRAGEENOPHYTES AND AGAROPHYTES 281 GELLING AGENTS AND THICKENERS 281 IMAGE 5 CONTENTS XI OTHER TYPES OF MATRIX POLYSACCHARIDES 282 PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND FATTY ACIDS 282 OXYLIPINS AND PROSTAGLANDINS 284 STEROLS AND ECDYSTEROIDS 285 GENERAL COMMENTS ON THE SECONDARY METABOLITES 286 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF CRYPTONEMIALES 287 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF GELIDIALES 290 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF RHODYMENIALES 290 POLYHALOGENATED MONOTERPENES OF GIGARTINALES 291 DITERPENES OF SPHAEROCOCCUS CORONOPIFOLIUS (GIGARTINALES, SPHAEROCOCCACEAE) 293 MACROCYCLIC PYRONES OF PHACELOCARPUS LABILLARDIERI (GIGARTINALES, SPHAEROCOCCACEAE) 297 POLYCAVERNOSIDES OF POLYCAVERNOSA TSUDAI (GIGARTINALES, GRACILARIACEAE) 297 BROMINATED MERODITERPENES OF CALLOPHYCUS SERMTUS (GIGARTINALES, SOLIERIACEAE) 298 HALOGENATED PHLOROGLUCINOLS OF RHABDONIA VERTIDLLATA (GIGARTINALES, SOLIERIACEAE) 299 SULFATED AROMATIC DERIVATIVES OF LICHOCARPUS CRINITUS (GIGARTINALES, TICHOCARPACEAE) 299 NITROGEN-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES OF GIGARTINALES 299 HALOGENATED COMPOUNDS OF CERAMIALES: GENERAL COMMENTS 300 POLYHALOGENATED MONOTERPENES OF PANTONEURA PLOCAMIOIDES (CERAMIALES, DELESSERIACEAE) 301 SESQUITERPENES OF LAURENDA (CERAMIALES, RHODOMELACEAE) 301 HALOGENATED DITERPENES OF LAURENDA 310 NON-HALOGENATED HYDROPEROXYDITERPENES OI LAURENDA 319 SQUALENOIDS OF LAURENDA SPECIES AND CHONDRIA ARMATA 319 CYCLIC HALOGENATED C I5 ETHERS AND POLYETHERS OF LAURENDA AND CHONDRIA 322 BROMO- AND POLYBROMOPHENOLS OF CERAMIALES 325 NITROGEN-CONTAINING BROMOPHENOLS OF RHODOMELA CONFERVOIDES 328 OTHER NITROGEN-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES OF CERAMIALES 329 CYCLIC POLYSULFIDES OF CHONDRIA CALIFORNICA 332 ARSENIC-CONTAINING DERIVATIVE OF CHONDRIA CRASSICAULIS 332 SOME ATYPICAL DERIVATIVES OF LAURENDA SPEDES 333 HALOGENATED DERIVATIVES OF NEMALIALES 333 ACETYLENIC ACIDS OF LIAGORA FARINOSA 335 SULFATED TRITERPENE ALCOHOLS OF TRIDEOCARPA FIAGILIS 336 CYCLIC PEPTIDE FROM GALAXAURA FILAMENTOSA 337 APPENDIX 8 337 APPENDIX 9 338 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 338 REFERENCES 338 WEBSITES 352 SYNTHESIS 353 14 PHAEOPHYCEAE (BROWN ALGAE) 361 GENERAL INTRODUCTION; 361 CLASSIFICATION OF PHAEOPHYCEAE 361 PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS 363 LAMINARANS AND OTHER STORAGE OSIDES 363 MATRIX POLYSACCHARIDES: ALGINIC ACIDS AND ALGINATES 364 FUCOIDANS (SULFATED FUCANS) 365 LIPIDS AND FATTY ACIDS 367 OXYLIPINS OF LAMINARIALES 367 EPOXY LIPIDS OF NOTHEIA ANOMALA (CHORDARIALES) 370 STEROLS 371 VOLATILE HYDROCARBONS AND SEXUAL CHEMOTAXY 372 BACKGROUND ON THE SECONDARY METABOLITES 376 SESQUITERPENES OF DICTYOTALES 376 CYCLIC DITERPENES OF DICTYOTALES 377 LINEAR DITERPENES OF FUCALES AND OTHER DERIVATIVES 382 PHENOLS AND PHLOROTANNINS 385 OTHER AROMATIC DERIVATIVES 388 MEROTERPENES: GENERAL COMMENTS 389 PRENYLATED QUINONES AND HYDROQUINONES 389 MEROMONOTERPENES OF SPOROCHNUS BOLLEANUS 390 IMAGE 6 X II CONTENTS MEROSESQUITERPENES OF DICTYOPTERIS SPECIES 391 MERODITERPENES OF THE GENERA TAONIA AND STYPOPODIUM 392 MERODITERPENES OF CYSTOSEIRA SPECIES: CHEMOTAXONOMY OF CYSTOSEIRACEAE 396 NAHOCOLS AND ISONAHOCOLS: REARRANGED LINEAR MERODITERPENES OF SARGASSUM AUTUMNALE 401 DERIVATIVES OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND ARSENIC 402 SULFUR-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES 404 IODINATED DERIVATIVES 405 APPENDIX IO 406 APPENDIX N 407 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 407 REFERENCES 407 WEBSITES 417 SYNTHESIS 428 15 MAJOR USES OF MACROALGAE 423 OVERVIEW 423 ESTIMATE OF RESOURCES 423 EDIBLE SEAWEEDS 425 DIETARY PROPERTIES OF MARINE ALGAE 425 PHYSICOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PHYCOCOLLOIDS 426 ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF PHYCOCOLLOIDS 428 MAJOR PRODUCING COUNTRIES OF PHYCOCOLLOIDS 428 MAIN APPLICATIONS OF AGARS 428 MAIN APPLICATIONS OF CARRAGEENANS AND FURCELLAR- ANS 430 MAIN APPLICATIONS OF ALGINIC ACID AND ALGINATES 430 SUMMARY OF RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF HEALTHCARE 431 ANTIVIRAL AND IMMUNOSTIMULANT SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES OF RED, BROWN AND GREEN ALGAE 432 ANTICOAGULANT AND ANTITHROMBOTIC PROPERTIES OFFUCOIDANS 432 ANTITUMOURAL, IMMUNOMODULATORY AND ANTIVIRAL PROPERTIES OFFUCOIDANS 433 OTHER EXAMPLES OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF MACROALGAE 434 USES OF ALGAE IN COSMETICS 434 USES OF ALGAE IN AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION 435 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 435 REFERENCES 435 PROCEEDINGS OF THE LATEST INTERNATIONAL SEAWEED SYMPOSIA 440 WEBSITES 440 PART 4 FUNGI AND OTHER EUKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR NON-PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS 16 FUNGI 445 THE FUNGAL KINGDOM: THE CONCEPT OF MARINE FUNGI 445 MASTIGOMYCETES AND EUMYCETES (TRUE FUNGI) 446 ELEMENTS OF CLASSIFICATION OF EUMYCETES 446 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE STRUCTURE OF CHITIN 446 FATTY ACIDS 446 STEROLS 446 MEMBRANE PEPTIDES OF FUNGI: PEPTAIBOLS 448 GENERAL COMMENTS ON SECONDARY METABOLITES OF MARINE FUNGI 449 SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM FUNGI COLLECTED FROM THE SURFACE OF THE SEA 449 SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM FUNGI FROM SEDIMENTS AND OTHER INERT SUBSTRATES 450 SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH CYANOBACTERIA 454 ALGICOLOUS FUNGI: GENERAL REMARKS 454 SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH GREEN ALGAE AND MARINE SPERMATOPHYTA 454 SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH RED ALGAE 458 SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH BROWN ALGAE 459 SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM LIGNICOLOUS FUNGI 462 SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SPONGES 465 IMAGE 7 CONTENTS X I II SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH CNIDARIANS 473 SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH MOLLUSCS 474 SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH BRYOZOANS 476 SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH ECHINODERMS 476 SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH CRUSTACEANS 478 SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH TUNICATES (ASCIDIANS) 478 SUBSTANCES ISOLATED FROM FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH FISH 480 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 482 REFERENCES 482 WEBSITES 488 SYNTHESIS 489 17 THRAUSTOCHYTRIDS AND CILIATES 493 TAXONOMIC POSITION OF THRAUSTOCHYTRIDS AND OVERVIEW OF THE GROUP 493 CAROTENOIDS OF THRAUSTOCHYTRIDS 493 LONG-CHAIN (N-3) POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS OF THRAUSTOCHYTRIDS 493 LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND PHYLOGENY OF THRAUSTOCHYTRIDS 495 A-GLUCOSYLCERAMIDES OF THRAUSTOCHYTRIDS 495 INTRODUCTION TO THE CHEMISTRY OF CILIATES 496 TERPENES OF EUPLOTES 497 KERONOPSINS OF PSEUDOKERONOPSIS RUBRA 498 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 499 REFERENCES 499 WEBSITES 502 SYNTHESIS 502 18 INTRODUCTION TO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 503 INTRODUCTION 503 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE CULTURE OF INVERTEBRATES 503 LIPIDS AND PIGMENTS: EXAMPLES OF NUTRITIONAL APPLICATIONS 504 NEW SUBSTANCES AND BIOMATERIALS: EXAMPLES OF BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 506 BIOREMEDIATION AND BIOFOULING: EXAMPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS 507 DIALKYLPHTHALATES IN MARINE ORGANISMS 508 ANOTHER TYPE OF APPLICATION: BIOADHESIVES 508 SOME EXAMPLES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PROKARYOTES 509 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 510 GENERAL REFERENCES 510 REFERENCES 510 WEBSITES 526 VOLUME 2 PART 5 PORIFERA, CNIDARIA, AND CTENOPHORA 19 PORIFERA (SPONGES) 522 OVERVIEW OF THE UNIVERSE OF SPONGES 521 METABOLITES OF CALCAREA (CALCAREOUS SPONGES) 524 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CALCAREA 524 FATTY ACIDS 524 STEROLS 524 NON-NITROGENOUS DERIVATIVES OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS LEUCETTA 525 IMIDAZOLE ALKALOIDS AND ZINC COMPLEXES ISOLATED FROM THE GENERA LEUCETTA, LEUCOSOLENIA AND CLATHRINA 526 A, (W-BIS LONG-CHAIN AMINOALCOHOLS 528 NITROGEN-CONTAINING MACROLIDES AND CYCLIC PEPTIDES 529 OTHER NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS OF CALCAREA 529 METABOLITES OF HEXACTINELLIDA 530 CLASSIFICATION AND MEMBRANE CONSTITUENTS OF DEMOSPONGIAE 531 CLASSIFICATION 531 IMAGE 8 XIV CONTENTS SOME PHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS ON DEMOSPONGES 532 SHAPE AND SIZE 532 CONSISTENCY 532 COLOUR AND ODOUR 532 DIVERSITY OF MEMBRANE CONSTITUENTS: SOME EXAMPLES 536 PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND DEMOSPONGIC ACIDS 538 FATTY ACIDS WITH 5,9 DIENIC STRUCTURE 541 OTHER MONO- AND POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS 543 BRANCHED FATTY ACIDS 544 ISOPRENIC ACIDS 547 CYCLOPROPANIC ACIDS 548 BROMINATED ACIDS 550 2-O SUBSTITUTED ACIDS 551 SULFUR DERIVATIVES OF DEMOSPONGIC ACIDS 553 INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF DEMOSPONGIC ACIDS 555 BRIEF REMINDER ABOUT CONVENTIONAL STEROLS 555 UNCONVENTIONAL STEROLS PRODUCED BY CHANGES IN THE TETRACYCLIC SYSTEM 556 UNCONVENTIONAL STEROLS PRODUCED BY POLYMETHYLATION OF THE SIDE CHAIN 562 STEROLS WITH DEGRADED SIDE CHAINS 564 STEROLS AND STANOLS WITH CYCLOPROPANIC AND CYCLOPROPENIC SIDE CHAINS 564 SECOSTEROLS 566 POLYHYDROXYLATED STEROIDS AND DERIVATIVES, PEROXYSTEROLS 569 SULFATED STEROLS 572 CHLORINATED STEROLS AND STERONES 574 NITROGEN-CONTAINING STEROLS 576 GLYCOLIPIDS 577 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF HOMOSDEROMORPHA 582 FATTY ACIDS, POLYKETIDES AND OXYLIPINS OF PLAKINASTRELLA AND PLAKORTIS 582 CYCLIC PEROXIDES AND PEROXYLACTONES OF PLAKINASTRELLA AND PLAKORTIS 584 GLYCOSIDES 587 POLYHYDROXYLATED STEROLS OF OSCARELLA LOBULARIS 587 ALKALOIDS AND OTHER ORIGINAL NITROGEN DERIVATIVES OF PLAKORTIS AND CORTIDUM 587 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF ASTROPHORIDA 590 ACETYLENIC FATTY ACIDS OF STELLETTA 591 GLYCOLIPIDS: CAMINOSIDES AND PACHYMOSIDES 592 TRITERPENES OF MALABARICANE AND ISOMALABARICANE: SESTERTERPENES 591 TRITERPENIC GLYCOSIDES AND STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES 593 SUBSTITUTED TETRAMIC ACIDS AND DERIVED GLYCOSIDES 596 ERYLUSAMINES, ERYLUSINE AND ERYLUSIDINE 598 CYCLIC DEPSIPEPTIDES, PEPTOLIDES AND MACROLACTONES 598 NITROGEN-CONTAINING TERPENES 602 BENGAZOLES AND BENGAMIDES 603 ATYPICAL NITROGENOUS DERIVATIVES 605 PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES SIMILAR TO CALYCULIN A 607 AROMATIC SULFATED DERIVATIVES 608 ISOTACTIC POLYMETHOXYDIENES OF MYRIASTRA CLAVOSA 608 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF HADROMERIDA AND CHONDROSIDA 609 PERFORATING POWER OF CLIONAIDAE 609 LYSO-PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND SULFATED SPHINGOSINES OF SPIRASTRELLA ABATA 610 BROMINATED ACETYLENIC DERIVATIVES OF DIPLASTRELLA 611 CYCLIC PEROXIDES 612 TERPENES 613 UNCONVENTIONAL STEROLS 624 MACROLACTONES: LATRUNCULINS AND SPONGISTATINS 615 ATYPICAL GLYCOSIDES OF LATRUNCULIA CORTICATA 617 OTHER NITROGEN-FREE TOXINS 627 PEPTIDES AND DEPSIPEPTIDES 628 PYRROLE DERIVATIVES AND OTHER NITROGEN-CONTAINING HETEROCYCLES 619 ATYPICAL NUCLEOSIDES 622 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF LITHISTIDA 622 PARTICULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF LITHISTID SPONGES 622 NITROGEN-CONTAINING SESQUITERPENES OF THEONELLA 623 SPECIFIC GLYCOLIPIDS OF THEONELLA SWINHOD, DISCODERMIA CALYX AND D. DISSOLUTA 623 LONG-CHAIN POLYACETYLENIC DERIVATIVES OF THEONELLA SP. 624 3/?-METHOXYSTEROLS OF JEREICOPSIS GRAPHIDIOPHORA 624 4-METHYLENESTEROLS AND STERONES OF THEONELLA 624 MACROLIDES 626 EXAMPLES OF ACETOGENINS: DISCODERMOLIDE, CALYCULINS AND ONNAMIDES 629 LINEAR PEPTIDES 630 MONO- AND BICYCLIC PEPTIDES 632 SYMBIOTIC ORIGIN OF SOME POLYPEPTIDES 635 CYCLIC AND LINEAR DEPSIPEPTIDES 635 ATYPICAL NITROGENOUS DERIVATIVES 639 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF SPIROPHORIDA 640 ATYPICAL STEROLS OF CINACHYRA, MICROSCLERODERMA, AND SCLERITODERMA 640 CINACHYROLIDE A 640 MICROSCLERODERMINS AND ACICULITINS 641 EXAMPLES OF ATYPICAL DERIVATIVES OF SOME SPONGES OF THE TETILLIDAE 641 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF AGELASIDA 642 STEROLS 642 DITERPENES AND CAROTENOIDS 642 MEROSESQUITERPENES AND NITROGEN-CONTAINING MERODITERPENES 643 IMAGE 9 CONTENTS XV GALACTOSYLCERAMIDES AND GLYCOLIPIDS 644 OROIDIN AND RELATED C N N 5 BROMOPYRROLE ALKALOIDS 646 AGELASTATIN A SERIES 649 OTHER SERIES 650 PYRROLE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES 650 OTHER EXAMPLES OF NITROGEN-CONTAINING HETEROCYCLES 650 BETAINES 651 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF HALICHONDRIDA 652 A-NOR-STEROIDS AND OTHER NON-CONVENTIONAL STEROLS 652 CONVENTIONAL TERPENES 654 NITROGEN-CONTAINING TERPENES: ISONITRILES AND RELATED DERIVATIVES 659 OTHER TERPENES 666 LONG-CHAIN LINEAR POLYAMINES AND A,CO-BIS-ISOTHIOCYANATES 668 POLYETHERS: HALICHONDRINS, OKADAIC AND GLYCOOKADAIC ACIDS 668 VARIOUS LIPIDS 670 LINEAR PEPTIDES OF THE GENERA AULETTA AND CYMBASTELA 672 DEPSIPEPTIDES AND CYCLIC PEPTIDES 672 PYRROLE, IMIDAZOLE, PYRIDINE, ISOQUINOLINE AND INDOLE DERIVATIVES 678 PYRROLE DERIVATIVES 678 IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES 678 PYRIDINE AND ISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES 679 INDOLE DERIVATIVES 679 HETEROCYCLES RELATED TO THE OROIDIN FAMILY 681 ATYPICAL HALOGENATED AND SULFUR-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES 682 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF HAPLOSCLERIDA 683 ACETYLENIC DERIVATIVES 685 ATYPICAL FATTY ACIDS 691 TERPENES AND MEROTERPENES 693 TRITERPENIC GLYCOSIDES 699 HOPANOIDS, STEROIDS AND STEROSIDES 701 MACROLIDES, DEPSIPEPTIDES AND CYCLIC PEPTIDES 704 AMMO ALCOHOLS AND GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS (CEREBROSIDES) 705 MANZAMINES AND RELATED DERIVATIVES 707 QUINOLIZIDINE AND 1-OXAQUINOLIZIDINE DERIVATIVES 707 PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AND 3-ALKYLPYRIDINIUM SALTS 714 PYRIDOACRIDINE ALKALOIDS 716 PYRROLOQUINONES AND OTHER EXAMPLES OF NITROGEN-CONTAINING HETEROCYCLES 727 QUINONES AND SULFATED HYDROQUINONES 722 VERY LONG-CHAIN LINEAR SULFATED DERIVATIVES 722 THIOCYANATINS: A,CO-DITHIOCYANATES OF OCEANAPIA SP. 722 SOME INFORMATION ON FRESHWATER HAPLOSCLERID SPONGES 723 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF POECILOSCLERIDA 724 STEROLS, STEROIDS AND STEROSIDES 725 TERPENES AND TRITERPENIC GLYCOSIDES 727 POLYBROMINATED ACETOGENINS AND OXYLIPINS 732 LONG-CHAIN ACETYNENIC DERIVATIVES: RASPAILYNES 732 GLYCOLIPIDS 733 BROMINATED AROMATIC DERIVATIVES OF HAMIGERA TARANGAENSIS 733 MACROLIDES 734 CHONDROPSINS: CYCLIC DEPSIPEPTIDES OF CHONDROPSIS SP. 736 EURYPAMIDES (MICROCIONA EURYPA), MICROCIONAMIDES (CLATHRIA ABIETINA) AND OTHER CYCLIC PEPTIDES 737 LINEAR AMIDES 738 EXAMPLES OF SOME ATYPICAL SULFUR-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES 739 PYRROLE AND INDOLE DERIVATIVES 742 PYRIDINES, QUINOLIZINES AND PYRIDOACRIDINES 742 GUANIDINE DERIVATIVES 743 PYRROLOIMINOQUINONES AND PYRROLOQUINONES 747 AZASUGARS 748 OTHER EXAMPLES OF POLYCYDIC ALKALOIDS 748 PHOSPHORUS AND ARSENIC-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES, BETAINES 750 GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE METABOLITES OF SPONGES LACKING MINERAL SPICULES 752 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF DENDROCERATIDA 753 TERPENES AND MEROTERPENES 754 STEROLS 760 POLYBROMOPHENOLS AND POLYBROMODIPHENYL ETHERS OF DYSIDEA 761 NITROGEN COMPOUNDS 763 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF DICTYOCERATIDA 768 TERPENES AND MEROTERPENES 768 STEROLS 788 GLYCOLIPIDS 789 POLYBROMODIPHENYL ETHERS AND OTHER HALOGENATED AROMATIC DERIVATIVES 789 MACROLIDES: LAULIMALIDE, ALTOHYRTINS, CHONDROPSINS AND HATERUMALIDES 790 LINEAR AND CYCLIC PEPTIDES, DEPSIPEPTIDES 791 ALKALOIDS AND OTHER NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS 793 PHOSPHORUS DERIVATIVES 795 ATYPICAL SULFUR DERIVATIVES 796 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF VERONGIDA 796 3,5-DIBROMOTYROSINE DERIVATIVES 797 OTHER NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS 805 GLYCEROL ETHERS AND GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS 807 SULFATED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS 807 METABOLITES SPECIFIC TO THE FAMILY IANTHELLIDAE 808 IMAGE 10 XVI CONTENTS SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 822 REFERENCES 82 2 SOME PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPONGE CONFERENCES 875 WEBSITES 875 SYNTHESIS 875 20 CNIDARIA AND CTENOPHORA 925 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 925 SIMPLIFIED CLASSIFICATION OF CNIDARIA 925 HERMATYPIC AND AHERMATYPIC CORALS: CORAL BLEACHING 928 GENERAL INFORMATION ON METABOLITES OF CNIDARIA 929 MEMBRANE CONSTITUENTS AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF OCTOCORALLIA (ANTHOZOA) 930 PROSTAGLANDINS AND PROSTANOIDS 930 PHOSPHOLIPID FATTY ACIDS, GLYCOLIPIDS AND OTHER LIPIDIE DERIVATIVES 935 GENERAL REMARKS ON THE STEROLS OF OCTOCORALLIA 939 GORGOSTEROL AND OTHER CYCLOPROPANE-CONTAINING STEROLS 940 POLYOXYGENATED STEROIDS 944 STERONES AND CHLORINATED STERONES 948 SULFUR-CONTAINING STEROIDS 952 CYCLIZED SIDE-CHAIN STEROLS 951 SECOSTEROLS 952 STEROSIDES, PREGNANE AND NOR-PREGNANE DERIVATIVES 955 SESQUITERPENIC HYDROCARBONS 958 HALOGENATED AND NITROGEN-CONTAINING SESQUITERPENES 959 SESQUITERPENES WITH ORIGINAL CARBON SKELETONS 962 EXAMPLES OF SESQUITERPENES WITH A CLASSICAL CARBON SKELETON 968 GENERAL ACCOUNT OF DITERPENES 974 LINEAR AND MONOCYCLIC DITERPENES 975 GENERAL INFORMATION ON BICYDIC DITERPENES 991 CHLORINATED DITERPENES 995 OTHER EXAMPLES OF BRIARANE DERIVATIVES 996 NITROGEN-CONTAINING DITERPENES OF CLADIELLANE/ EUNICELLANE: ELEUTHEROBIN AND ANALOGUES, LABIATAMIDES 999 OTHER EXAMPLES OF CLADIELLANE/EUNICELLANE DITERPENES 1004 DITERPENES OF SERRULATANE AND OTHER BICYCLIC CARBON SKELETONS 1005 BICYCLIC C5/C11 DITERPENES 1005 BICYCLIC DITERPENES CONTAINING A CYCLOPROPANE 1006 SOME OTHER EXAMPLES OF BICYCLIC DITERPENES 1011 GENERAL ACCOUNT OF TRICYCLIC DITERPENES 1014 PSEUDOPTEROSINS, OTHER AMPHILECTANE DERIVATIVES AND ANALOGUES 2024 OTHER EXAMPLES OF TRICYCLIC AND TETRACYCLIC DITERPENES 2029 COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN OF TERPENES 2023 NON-TERPENIC NITROGENOUS DERIVATIVES OF OCTOCORALLIA 2023 MEMBRANE CONSTITUENTS AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF HEXACORALLIA (ANTHOZOA) 1027 FATTY ACIDS, OXYLIPINS AND ACETYLENIC DERIVATIVES 1027 STEROLS AND ECDYSTEROIDS 1029 TERPENES 1031 CAROTENOIDS OF SEA ANEMONES 2033 AROMATIC DERIVATIVES 2033 CERAMIDES 2033 EXAMPLES OF NITROGENOUS PIGMENTS: ZOANTHOXANTHINS AND CALLIACTIN 2034 PALYTOXINS 1034 MYCOSPORINES 1036 BETAINES, PHOSPHOBETAINES, PURINES AND OTHER NITROGEN-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES 1037 ZOANTHAMINE ALKALOIDS 1039 CYTOLYSINS, NEUROPEPTIDES AND OTHER VENOMS OF SEA ANEMONES 2042 VENOMS AND OTHER METABOLITES OF MEDUSOZOA 1042 SOME DATA ON THE CUBOZOA AND OTHER JELLYFISH 1043 BIOLUMINESCENCE OF JELLYFISH AND OTHER CNIDARIA 2044 SOME RESULTS ON THE SECONDARY METABOLITES OF OTHER HYDROZOA 2045 CTENOPHORA 2049 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 2049 REFERENCES 1049 WEBSITES 2082 SYNTHESIS 2083 VOLUME 3 PART 6 PROTOSTOMES 21 WORM-LIKE ORGANISMS: 1 2097 PLATYHELMINTHES 2097 MACROLIDES AND OTHER COMPOUNDS FROM SYMBIOSIS WITH AMPHIDINIUM SP. 2097 STAUROSPORINE DERIVATIVES AND OTHER METABOLITES FROM PLATYHELMINTHES 2200 IMAGE 11 CONTENTS X V II NEMERTEA 2202 BACKGROUND ON ANNELIDA AND ECHIURA 1102 LIPIDS AND SEXUAL PHEROMONES OF POLYCHAETES 1103 PIGMENTS OF POLYCHAETES AND ECHIURANS 1104 BROMOPHENOLS OF POLYCHAETES AND OF THE PHORONID PHOWNOPSIS VIRIDIS 1105 EXAMPLES OF NITROGEN- AND SULFUR-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES FROM POLYCHAETES 1105 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 1107 REFERENCES 1107 WEBSITES 1112 SYNTHESIS 2213 22 BRYOZOA, PHORONIDA AND BRACHIOPODA 2225 BRYOZOANS (BRYOZOA, ECTOPROCTA) 2225 BACKGROUND AND CLASSIFICATION 2115 LIPIDS AND AROMATIC COMPOUNDS 1226 BRYOSTATINS 2228 PYRROLE AND PYRROLIDINE ALKALOIDS 2222 INDOLE AND PHYSOSTIGMINE ALKALOIDS 2223 QUINOLINE, ISOQUINOLINE AND /?-CARBOLINE DERIVATIVES 2224 ORIGINAL HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEMS 2226 NITRO COMPOUNDS 2226 SULFOXONIUM SALTS AND DOGGER BANK ITCH 2226 PHORONIDA AND BRACHIOPODA 2227 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 2227 REFERENCES 2227 WEBSITES 2232 SYNTHESIS 1131 23 MOLLUSCS 1135 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION 1135 GENERAL INFORMATION ON LIPIDS: HYDROCARBONS, FATTY ACIDS, OXYLIPINS AND STEROLS 1136 METABOLITES OF PROSOBRANCH GASTROPODS 1140 SOME CHEMICAL DATA ON ARCHAEOGASTROPODA 1140 KEYHOLE LIMPET HAEMOCYANIN 1143 CHEMICAL DATA ON MESOGASTROPODA 1143 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF NEOGASTROPODA 1145 A BRIEF HISTORY OF TYRIAN PURPLE 1146 INDIRUBINS 1 147 CONOPEPTIDES AND CONOTOXINS 1148 TOXIC SALIVARY SECRETIONS: TETRODOTOXIN, SURUGATOXIN AND NEOSURUGATOXIN 1151 METABOLITES OF OPISTHOBRANCH GASTROPODS 1152 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ORDER ANASPIDEA 2253 EXAMPLES OF FOOD CHAINS BETWEEN SEA HARES AND ALGAE 2153 APLYSIOVIOLIN AND CAROTENOID PIGMENTS 1159 NITROGEN-CONTAINING MEROTERPENES 1159 MACROLACTONES: APLYOLIDES, APLYSIATOXINS, AURISIDES, DOLABELIDES, APLYRONINES AND SYPHONOSIDE 1160 PEPTIDES AND DEPSIPEPTIDES: DOLASTATINS AND AURILIDES 1162 OTHER EXAMPLES OF NITROGENOUS DERIVATIVES OF ANASPIDEA 1166 ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTI-TUMOUR GLYCOPROTEINS OF THE GENERA APLYSIA AND DOLABELLA 1168 POLYPROPIONATES OF DOLABELLA AURICULARIA AND DOLABRIFERA DOLABRIFERA 1168 GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE SECONDARY METABOLITES OF CEPHALASPIDEA 2269 ALKYLBENZENES AND 2- AND 3-ALKYLPYRIDINES OF CEPHALASPIDEA 2 2 70 PEPTIDES AND DEPSIPEPTIDES OF PHILINOPSIS SPEDOSA 1171 POLYKETIDES OF CLIONE ANTARCTICA 1172 SECONDARY METABOLITES OF NOTASPIDEA 2273 BACKGROUND ON THE CHEMISTRY OF NUDIBRANCHS 2275 TERPENES, TERPENOIDS AND STEROIDS OF NUDIBRANCHS 2 2 75 PROSTAGLANDIN LACTONES OF TETHYS FIMBRIA 1187 CYTOTOXIC MACROLIDES OF NUDIBRANCHS 1288 CHLORINATED POLYACETYLENIC DERIVATIVES OF DIAULULA SANDIEGENSIS 1189 RELATIONS BETWEEN NUDIBRANCHS AND CALCAREOUS SPONGES: AMINO-2-IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES 2290 RELATIONS BETWEEN NUDIBRANCHS AND BRYOZOANS: PYRROLE DERIVATIVES 2 2 90 GUANIDINE DERIVATIVES AND OTHER ALKALOIDS OF NUDIBRANCHS 2292 NUCLEOSIDES AND PEPTIDES OF NUDIBRANCHS 2192 SIMPLIFIED ASSESSMENT OF NUDIBRANCH CHEMISTRY 2 2 93 GENERAL REMARKS ON METABOLITES OF SACOGLOSSANS 2193 TERPENES OF SACOGLOSSANS 2 2 94 POLYPROPIONATE DERIVATIVES OF SACOGLOSSANS 2294 KAHALALIDES: CYTOTOXIC DEPSIPEPTIDES OF THE COUPLED ELYSIA/BRYOPSIS SP. 2296 METABOLITES OF PULMONATE GASTROPODS 2197 SESQUITERPENES AND DITERPENES OF THE GENERA ONCHIDELLA AND TRIMUSCULUS 1197 POLYPROPIONATE DERIVATIVES OF PULMONATES 2 2 98 CYTOTOXIC DEPSIPEPTIDES OF ONCHIDIUM SP. 2199 IMAGE 12 XVIII CONTENTS METABOLITES OF BIVALVIA (LAMELLIBRANCHIATA) 1200 DEGRADATION PRODUCTS OF CHLOROPHYLL A OF RUDITAPES PHILLIPINARUM 1201 CAROTENOIDS 1203 SOME DATA ON POLAR LIPIDS (PLASMALOGENS AND CARDIOLIPIDS) 2203 POLAR STEROLS OF PATINOPECTEN YESSOENSIS AND 20-ISOSTEROLS OF MACOMA BALTHICA 1204 FATTY ACIDS AND OTHER LIPID DERIVATIVES 1206 AZASPIRACIDS AND OTHER TOXINS 1206 POLYAMINES, ALKALOIDS AND VARIOUS NITROGEN-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES 1212 ARSENIC-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES OF TRIDACNA MAXIMA 1213 EXAMPLES OF BIOPOLYMERS 2223 METABOLITES OF CEPHALOPODS 1213 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 1215 REFERENCES 1215 WEBSITES 1237 SYNTHESIS 1238 24 ARTHROPODA 1249 CHITIN AND CHITOSANS 1249 CAROTENOID PIGMENTS 1251 LIPID DERIVATIVES 2253 HORMONES CONTROLLING CRUSTACEAN MOULTING AND OTHER STEROIDS 2253 SOME EXAMPLES OF SULFUR-, NITROGEN- AND ARSENIC- CONTAINING METABOLITES OF CRUSTACEANS 2256 SOME DATA ON MARINE CHELICERIFORMS 2257 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 2258 REFERENCES 1258 WEBSITES 1261 SYNTHESIS 1261 25 INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL ECOLOGY 1263 EXAMPLES OF INTRASPECIFIC RELATIONS 1264 SEXUAL PHEROMONES: SPERM-ACTIVATING PEPTIDES OF URCHINS AND MOLLUSCS 1264 EXAMPLES OF ALARM PHEROMONES 1265 EXAMPLES OF INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS 1265 PREDATOR-PREY RELATIONSHIPS: DEFENCE ALLOMONES OF ALGAE AND INVERTEBRATES 1266 DEFENCE ALLOMONES IN ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND INVERTEBRATES 1267 ELICITORS AND DEFENCE ALLOMONES OF ALGAE 1271 SUBSTANCES INDUCING METAMORPHOSIS OF LARVAE 1272 FORMATION OF EPIBIOSIS (BIOFOULING) AND ANTIFOULING SUBSTANCES 1273 FOOD ATTRACTANTS AND STIMULANTS 1274 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 1274 REFERENCES 1274 WEBSITES 1280 SYNTHESIS 1280 PART 7 DEUTEROSTOMES 26 ECHINODERMS 1283 GENERAL REMARKS AND CLASSIFICATION 1283 GENERAL COMMENTS ON THE CHEMISTRY OF ECHINODERMS 1284 METABOLITES OF CRINOIDS (FEATHER STARS AND SEA LILIES) 1287 QUINONIC PIGMENTS 1287 STEROLS, GLYCOLIPIDS AND PHOSPHOCERAMIDES 2288 3,5-DIBROMOTYROSINE DERIVATIVES 1289 METABOLITES OF ECHINIDS (SEA URCHINS) 2290 ECHINOCHROME A, SPINOCHROMES AND CAROTENOIDS 1290 FATTY ACIDS, PROSTAGLANDINS, GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS AND OTHER LIPIDS 2292 NITROGEN- AND SULFUR-CONTAINING METABOLITES 2296 SULFATED FUCANS AND GALACTANS 2297 METABOLITES OF OPHIUROIDS (BRITTLE STARS AND BASKET STARS) 2297 LIPIDS 2298 SULFATED CAROTENOIDS 2299 STEROLS AND SULFATED STEROLS 2300 ALKALOIDS 2302 METABOLITES OF ASTEROIDS (SEA STARS AND STARFISH) STEROLS AND SULFATED STEROLS 1304 FREE AND SULFATED POLYHYDROXYSTEROLS 1309 NITROGEN- AND PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING POLYHYDROXYSTEROLS 1313 STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES AND ASTEROSAPONINS 1313 CAROTENOIDS 1328 FATTY ACIDS AND OXYLIPINS 2328 GLYCOLIPIDS, CERAMIDES, CEREBROSIDES AND GANGLIOSIDES 2329 NITROGEN-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES 2329 2304 IMAGE 13 CONTENTS X IX METABOLITES OF HOLOTHUROIDS (SEA CUCUMBERS) 2335 FATTY ACIDS 1336 STEROLS, 4A-METHYLSTEROLS AND TRITERPENES 2336 HOLOTHURINS 1336 CAROTENOIDS 2347 TREPANG 2348 CEREBROSIDES AND GANGLIOSIDES 2348 ATYPICAL NITROGEN-CONTAINING DERIVATIVES OF CUCUMARIA FRONDOSA 1351 OLIGOSACCHARIDES AND SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES 1352 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 1352 REFERENCES 1353 WEBSITES 1366 SYNTHESIS 1367 27 WORM-LIKE ORGANISMS: 2. CHAETOGNATHA AND HEMICHORDATA (ENTEROPNEUSTA AND PTEROBRANCHIA) 1369 SHORT DESCRIPTION OF CHAETOGNATHA 1369 SHORT DESCRIPTION OF HEMICHORDATA 1369 AROMATIC AND HETEROAROMATIC DERIVATIVES OF ENTEROPNEUSTS 1370 CEPHALOSTATINS OF CEPHALODISCUS GILCHRISTI (PTEROBRANCHIA) 1372 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 1373 REFERENCES 1373 WEBSITES 1374 SYNTHESIS 1374 28 ASCIDIANS (TUNICATES) 1377 REMINDER ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF THE CHORDATE 1377 DESCRIPTION OF TUNICATES AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE ASCIDIACEA 1377 GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE CHEMISTRY OF ASCIDIANS 1379 LIPIDS: FATTY ACIDS, ACYLTUNICHLORINS, POLYKETIDES AND OXYLIPINS 1380 AMINO ALCOHOLS, SPHINGANINES, SERINOLIPIDS, CERAMIDES AND CEREBROSIDES 1382 STEROLS AND STEROIDS 1384 CAROTENOIDS 1386 SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES OF ASCIDIAN TUNICS 1386 NITROGENOUS BIOPOLYMERS AND LECTINS 1387 METABOLITES OF DIDEMNIDAE 1388 DIDEMNAKETALS AND CHLORINATED DITERPENES OF LISSOCLINUM SPECIES 1388 AROMATIC POLYSULFANES AND OTHER ATYPICAL SULFUR DERIVATIVES 1390 LAMELLARINS AND OTHER PYRROLE ALKALOIDS 1392 DERIVATIVES OF QUINOLINE, PYRIDOACRIDINE AND PYRROLOACRIDINE 1394 DERIVATIVES OF TYRAMINE, TRYPTOPHAN, INDOLE AND SS-CARBOLINE 1396 CYTOTOXIC LINEAR AMIDES: BISTRATENE A AND BISTRAMIDES 1400 LINEAR PEPTIDES AND 1,4-DIKETOPIPERAZINES 1401 CYCLIC PEPTIDES 1402 MACROLIDES: PATELLAZOLES 1408 CYCLIC DEPSIPEPTIDES: DIDEMNINS, APLIDIN (PLITIDEPSIN) AND OTHER DERIVATIVES 1409 PURINES, NUDEOSIDES AND ANALOGUES 1413 METABOLITES OF POLYCITORIDAE 1414 TERPENES OF CYSTODYTES SP. AND POLYCITOR ADRIATICUS 1414 AROMATIC POLYSULFANES OF POLYCITOR ADRIATICUS 1414 NITROGENOUS MACROLIDES: IEJIMALIDES 1415 SIMPLE PYRROLE AND INDOLE ALKALOIDS 1415 YS-CARBOLINE ALKALOIDS: EUDISTOMINS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES 1416 DECAHYDROQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS: LEPADINS 1418 QUINOLIZIDINE AND INDOLIZINE ALKALOIDS 1420 PERHYDROPYRROLO[2,L-J] AND PERHYDROPYRIDO[2,L-J] QUINOLINE ALKALOIDS: CYLINDRICINES 1420 PYRIDOACRIDINE ALKALOIDS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES 1421 OTHER TYPES OF ALKALOIDS 1424 CYCLIC PEPTIDES 1426 METABOLITES OF POLYCLINIDAE 1426 LONG-CHAIN SULFATED ALKANES AND TERPENES OF SIDNYUM TURBINATUM 1427 TERPENES AND MEROTERPENES 1427 PARA- AND METACYCLOPHANES: LONGITHORONES AND RELATED DERIVATIVES 1427 SIMPLE AROMATIC DERIVATIVES 1430 NITROGENOUS AND NON-NITROGENOUS MACROLIDES 1430 LONG-CHAIN AMINES AND AMINO ALCOHOLS, SPHINGOSINES 1432 PIPERIDINE ALKALOIDS: PSEUDODISTOMINS 1433 INDOLE AND /?-CARBOLINE ALKALOIDS 1434 QUINOLINE AND PYRIDOACRIDINE ALKALOIDS 1436 BIS-STEROIDAL ALKALOIDS OF RITTERELLA TOKIOKA: RITTERAZINES 1436 PURINES AND NUCLEOSIDES 2437 IMAGE 14 XX CONTENTS MISCELLANEOUS NITROGENOUS DERIVATIVES 1439 METABOLITES OF ASCIDIIDAE 1441 VANADIUM, INTRACELLULAR ACIDITY OF BLOOD CELLS AND PEPTIDE LIGANDS 1441 METABOLITES OF CIONIDAE 1445 METABOLITES OF DIAZONIDAE 1446 METABOLITES OF PEROPHORIDAE 1447 METABOLITES ISOLATED FROM SPECIES OF THE GENUS PEROPHORA 1447 TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS: ECTEINASCIDINS METABOLITES OF MOLGULIDAE AND PYURIDAE 1449 LIPIDS AND NON-NITROGENOUS DERIVATIVES 1449 NITROGENOUS DERIVATIVES, ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS 1450 METABOLITES OF STYELIDAE 1453 NON-NITROGENOUS DERIVATIVES 1453 PHENYLETHYLAMINE DERIVATIVES, VARIOUS ALKALOIDS ANTIBACTERIAL PURINES AND PEPTIDES 1456 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 1456 REFERENCES 1456 WEBSITES 1477 SYNTHESIS 1477 1447 1453 29 VERTEBRATES: FISH, REPTILES AND MAMMALS 1489 FISH 1489 SQUALENE AND OTHER LIPID DERIVATIVES OF CHONDRICHTHYES AND AGNATHA 1489 BILE STEROIDS OF SHARKS AND HAGFISH: SCYMNOL, MYXINOL AND DERIVATIVES 1490 SQUALAMINE AND OTHER AMINOSTEROLS OF SHARKS MIGRATORY PHEROMONES AND SEX HORMONES OF LAMPREYS 1493 INHIBITION OF ANGIOGENESIS BY SHARK CARTILAGE: NEOVASTAT 1494 GENERAL ACCOUNT OF LIPID DERIVATIVES OF OSTEICHTHYES 1494 VENOMS AND TOXINS: DEFENCE SUBSTANCES OFFISH ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS OF POLAR FISH 1501 SULFATED GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS OF THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX 1502 REPTILES 1502 MAMMALS 1503 LIPID COMPOSITION AND RESIDUES OF CHLORINATED PESTICIDES 1503 AMBERGRIS, AMBREIN AND AMBROX 2504 SELECTION OF DOCUMENTARY RESOURCES 1504 REFERENCES 1504 WEBSITES 1511 SYNTHESIS 1522 2492 2497 INDEX 2525
any_adam_object 1
author Kornprobst, Jean-Michel
author_facet Kornprobst, Jean-Michel
author_role aut
author_sort Kornprobst, Jean-Michel
author_variant j m k jmk
building Verbundindex
bvnumber BV025584418
classification_rvk WI 4440
classification_tum CIT 680b
BIO 070b
WER 660b
BIO 140b
ctrlnum (DE-599)BVBBV025584418
discipline Chemie / Pharmazie
Biologie
Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik
format Book
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illustrated Not Illustrated
indexdate 2024-12-23T23:22:21Z
institution BVB
isbn 9783527327034
9783527334292
language English
oai_aleph_id oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-019102616
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publisher Wiley-VCH
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spellingShingle Kornprobst, Jean-Michel
Encyclopedia of marine natural products
Pharmazeutische Biologie (DE-588)4045693-6 gnd
Naturstoff (DE-588)4041418-8 gnd
Meeresbiologie (DE-588)4169246-9 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4045693-6
(DE-588)4041418-8
(DE-588)4169246-9
title Encyclopedia of marine natural products
title_auth Encyclopedia of marine natural products
title_exact_search Encyclopedia of marine natural products
title_full Encyclopedia of marine natural products Jean-Michel Kornprobst
title_fullStr Encyclopedia of marine natural products Jean-Michel Kornprobst
title_full_unstemmed Encyclopedia of marine natural products Jean-Michel Kornprobst
title_short Encyclopedia of marine natural products
title_sort encyclopedia of marine natural products
topic Pharmazeutische Biologie (DE-588)4045693-6 gnd
Naturstoff (DE-588)4041418-8 gnd
Meeresbiologie (DE-588)4169246-9 gnd
topic_facet Pharmazeutische Biologie
Naturstoff
Meeresbiologie
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