International trade mark and sign protection [a handbook]
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | German English |
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München
Beck
2010
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a International trade mark and sign protection |b [a handbook] |c ed. by Paul Lange. Authors José de Oliveira Ascensão ... |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819722872714690560 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS - SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS XI PART 1. COUNTRY REPORTS CHAPTER
1. AUSTRIA 1 § 1. TYPES OF SIGNS 2 §2. STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND THEIR
INTERRELATIONSHIP 8 § 3. REQUIREMENTS OF PROTECTION 10 § 4. OWNERSHIP,
TRANSFER, LICENSING 37 § 5. LOSS OF PROTECTION 42 § 6. CONFLICT WITH
EARLIER RIGHTS 46 § 7. SCOPE OF PROTECTION 50 § 8. DEFENCES 69 § 9.
CLAIMS IN CASES OF INFRINGEMENT 75 § 10. INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS 78 §
11. STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION OF SIGNS 80 CHAPTER 2. BELGIUM 83 § 1.
TYPES OF SIGNS 84 §2. STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP
90 § 3. REQUIREMENTS OF PROTECTION 92 § 4. OWNERSHIP, TRANSFER,
LICENSING 100 § 5. LOSS OF PROTECTION 104 § 6. CONFLICT WITH EARLIER
RIGHTS 108 § 7. SCOPE OF PROTECTION 113 § 8. DEFENCES 120 § 9. CLAIMS IN
CASES OF INFRINGEMENT 124 § 10. INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS 126 § 11.
STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION OF SIGNS 128 CHAPTER 3. CANADA 129 § 1.
TYPES OF SIGNS 130 § 2. STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND THEIR
INTERRELATIONSHIP 135 § 3. REQUIREMENTS OF PROTECTION 136 § 4.
OWNERSHIP, TRANSFER, LICENSING 153 § 5. LOSS OF PROTECTION 156 § 6.
CONFLICT WITH EARLIER RIGHTS 161 § BIBLIOGRAFISCHE INFORMATIONEN
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/98988239X DIGITALISIERT DURCH CONTENTS - SUMMARY
CHAPTERS. CZECH REPUBLIC 261 § 1. TYPES OF SIGNS 262 §2. STATUTORY
REGULATIONS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP 273 § 3. REQUIREMENTS OF
PROTECTION 275 § 4. OWNERSHIP, TRANSFER, LICENSING 286 § 5. LOSS OF
PROTECTION 291 § 6. CONFLICT WITH EARLIER RIGHTS 294 § 7. SCOPE OF
PROTECTION 298 § 8. DEFENCES 299 § 9. CLAIMS IN THE CASE OF INFRINGEMENT
306 § 10. INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS 308 § 11. STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION
OF SIGNS 311 CHAPTER 6. FRANCE 313 § 1. TYPES OF SIGNS 314 § 2.
STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP 334 § 3. REQUIREMENTS
OF PROTECTION 336 § 4. OWNERSHIP, TRANSFER, LICENSING 384 § 5. LOSS OF
PROTECTION 393 § 6. CONFLICT WITH EARLIER RIGHTS 397 § 7. SCOPE OF
PROTECTION 399 § 8. DEFENCES 416 § 9. CLAIMS IN CASES OF INFRINGEMENT
422 § 10. INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS 427 § 11. STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION
OF SIGNS 435 CHAPTER 7. GERMANY 437 § 1. TYPES OF SIGNS .* 438 § 2.
STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP 446 § 3. REQUIREMENTS
OF PROTECTION 447 § 4. OWNERSHIP, TRANSFER, MANAGEMENT, LICENSING 472 §
5. LOSS OF PROTECTION 478 § 6. CONFLICT WITH EARLIER RIGHTS 490 § 7.
SCOPE OF PROTECTION 493 § 8. DEFENCES 516 § 9. CLAIMS IN CASES OF
INFRINGEMENT 528 § CONTENTS - SUMMARY § 7. SCOPE OF PROTECTION 750 § 8.
DEFENCES 766 § 9. CLAIMS IN CASES OF INFRINGEMENT 772 § 10. INFRINGEMENT
PROCEEDINGS 775 § 11. STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION OF SIGNS 778 CHAPTER
10. PORTUGAL 779 § 1. TYPES OF SIGNS 780 § 2. STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND
THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP 789 § 3. REQUIREMENTS OF PROTECTION 791 § 4.
OWNERSHIP, TRANSFER, LICENSING 815 § 5. LOSS OF PROTECTION 825 § 6.
CONFLICT WITH EARLIER RIGHTS 833 § 7. SCOPE OF PROTECTION 841 § 8.
DEFENCES 856 § 9. CLAIMS IN CASE OF INFRINGEMENT 865 § 10. INFRINGEMENT
PROCEEDINGS 869 § 11. STRATEGIES FOR THE PROTECTION OF SIGNS 874 CHAPTER
11. RUSSIA 879 § 1. TYPES OF SIGNS 880 § 2. STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND
THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP 893 § 3. REQUIREMENTS OF PROTECTION 897 § 4.
OWNERSHIP, TRANSFER, LICENSING 915 § 5. LOSS OF PROTECTION 922 § 6.
CONFLICT WITH EARLIER RIGHTS 928 § 7. SCOPE OF PROTECTION 933 § 8.
DEFENCES 943 § 9. CLAIMS IN CASES OF INFRINGEMENT 947 § 10. INFRINGEMENT
PROCEEDINGS 952 § 11. STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION OF SIGNS 954 CHAPTER
12. SWITZERLAND 957 § 1. TYPES OF SIGNS 958 § 2. STATUTORY REGULATIONS
AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP 965 § § 8. CONCLUSION 1286 CONTENTS -
SUMMARY CHAPTER 14. UNITED KINGDOM 1145 § 1. TYPES OF SIGNS 1146 § 2.
STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP 1154 § 3. REQUIREMENTS
OF PROTECTION 1155 § 4. OWNERSHIP, TRANSFER, LICENSING 1174 § 5. LOSS OF
PROTECTION 1179 § 6. CONFLICT WITH EARLIER RIGHTS 1185 § 7. SCOPE OF
PROTECTION 1189 § 8. DEFENCES 1201 § 9. CLAIMS IN CASES OF INFRINGEMENT
1211 § 10. INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS 1217 § 11. STRATEGY FOR THE
PROTECTION OF SIGNS 1224 PART 2. BRAND STRATEGY § 1. INTRODUCTION AND
DEFINITIONS 1228 §2. WHAT IS A BRAND? 1229 § 3. INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL
BRANDS 1235 § 4. TRADEMARKS 1240 § 5. BRANDS IN CONTEXT 1250 § 6. FUTURE
DEVELOPMENTS 1257 § 7. BRANDS AND TRADEMARKS 1260 PART 3. BRAND
VALUATION §1. HOW AND WHERE THE VALUE OF A BRAND IS CREATED 1262 § 2. ON
THE ORIGIN OF BRAND VALUATION 1265 § 3. REASONS FOR BRAND VALUATION 1267
§ 4. BRAND VALUE AND CORPORATE VALUE 1269 § 5. MODELS FOR BRAND
VALUATION 1270 §6. SELECTED BRAND VALUATION MODELS OF COMMERCIAL
SUPPLIERS 1275 § 7. BRAND VALUATION IN BUSINESS PRACTICE 1284 TABLE OF
CONTENTS PART 1. COUNTRY REPORTS CHAPTER 1. AUSTRIA 1 § 1. TYPES OF
SIGNS 2 A. TRADE MARKS 2 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 2 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 3
B. CORPORATE SIGNS 4 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 4 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 4 C.
DOMAIN NAMES 4 D. TITLES 5 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 5 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES
5 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 6 F. NAMES 6 G. VARIETY NAMES 7 § 2.
STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP 8 § 3. REQUIREMENTS OF
PROTECTION 10 A. TRADE MARKS 10 I. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 10 II.
SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 12 1. CAPABILITY OF DISTINCTION 12 A)
DISTINCTIVENESS 12 AA) WORD MARKS 13 BB) COMBINED MARKS (WORD AND LOGO)
14 CC) FIGURATIVE MARKS 15 DD) THREE-DIMENSIONAL MARKS 15 EE) LETTER
MARKS 16 FF) NUMERAL MARKS 16 GG) COLOUR MARKS 16 HH) SOUND MARKS AND
OTHERS 17 B) NEED TO PRESERVE AVAILABILITY 18 C) COMMON PARLANCE 18 2.
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER FOLLOWING USE 18 3. OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR
PROTECTION 19 III. GENUINE USE AND CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 19 1. SURVEY
20 2. WAYS OF USE 20 3. USE IN A MODIFIED FORM 22 4. EXTENT AND PLACE OF
USE 22 5. PERIOD FOR USE 24 6. PROPER REASONS FOR NON-USE 24 7 TABLE OF
CONTENTS 2. COMPANY NAME 29 3. PARTICULAR BUSINESS NAME 30 4.
PRESENTATION 31 III. USE AND CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 32 IV. PRIORITY
DATE 34 V. PROTECTION FOR FOREIGN CORPORATE SIGNS 34 C. DOMAIN NAMES 35
D. TITLES 36 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 36 F. NAMES 36 § 4. OWNERSHIP,
TRANSFER, LICENSING 37 A. TRADE MARKS 37 I. PROPRIETORSHIP 37 II.
TRANSFER 37 III. LICENCE 38 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 38 I. PROPRIETORSHIP 39
II. TRANSFER 39 III. LICENCE 39 C. DOMAIN NAMES 39 I. PROPRIETORSHIP 39
II. TRANSFER 39 III. LICENCE 40 D. TITLES 40 I. PROPRIETORSHIP 40 II.
TRANSFER AND LICENCE 40 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 40 F. NAMES 41 § 5.
LOSS OF PROTECTION 42 A. TRADE MARKS 42 I. NON-USE 42 II. ABSOLUTE
GROUNDS OF INVALIDITY 42 III. BAD FAITH 43 IV. OTHER REASONS 43 B.
CORPORATE SIGNS 43 I. NON-USE 43 II. OTHER REASONS FOR INVALIDITY 44 C.
DOMAIN NAMES 44 I. NON-USE 44 II. OTHER REASONS FOR INVALIDITY 44 D.
TITLES 44 E. NAMES 45 § TABLE OF CONTENTS IL PROTECTION OF IDENTITY 53
III. PROTECTION AGAINST CONFUSION 53 1. PRINCIPLES OF LIKELIHOOD OF
CONFUSION 54 2. SIMILARITY OF TRADEMARKS 55 A) PHONETICAL AND VISUAL
SIMILARITY 56 B) CONCEPTUAL SIMILARITY 58 3. SIMILARITY OF
GOODS/SERVICES 59 4. DEGREE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 61 5. TYPES OF LIKELIHOOD
OF CONFUSION 62 IV. PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN TRADE-MARKS 62 V. USE OF
ONE S OWN NAME 63 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 63 I. ACTS OF INFRINGEMENT 64 II.
PROTECTION OF IDENTITY 64 III. PROTECTION AGAINST CONFUSION 65 1.
PRINCIPLES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 65 2. SIMILARITY OF SIGNS 65 3.
COMMON FIELD OF ACTIVITY 65 4. DEGREE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 65 5. TYPES OF
LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 65 IV. PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN CORPORATE
DESIGNATIONS 66 V. USE OF ONE S OWN NAME 66 C. DOMAIN NAMES 66 D. TITLES
67 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 67 F. NAMES 68 § 8. DEFENCES 69 A.
NON-USE 69 I. TRADE MARKS 69 II. CORPORATE SIGNS 70 B. NAME, ADDRESS,
AND DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION 70 C. EXHAUSTION 70 I. TRADEMARKS 70 II.
CORPORATE SIGNS 71 D. ACQUIESCENCE 71 I. TRADEMARKS 71 II. CORPORATE
SIGNS 72 E. STATUTE OF LIMITATION 72 F. ABUSE OF LAW 72 G. CONTRADICTORY
EARLIER RIGHT 73 H TABLE OF CONTENTS § 11. STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION
OF SIGNS 80 A. PREVENTION BY RESEARCH 80 B. NECESSITY OF TRADE MARK
REGISTRATION 80 C. NECESSITY OF COMPANY FORMATION 80 LIST OF
ABBREVIATIONS 81 CHAPTER 2. BELGIUM 83 § 1. TYPES OF SIGNS 84 A.
TRADEMARKS 84 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 84 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 85 B.
CORPORATE SIGNS 85 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 85 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 86 C.
DOMAIN NAMES 87 D. TITLES 88 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 88 II. SPECIAL
CATEGORIES 88 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 88 F. NAMES 88 G. OTHER SIGNS
89 § 2. STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP 90 § 3.
REQUIREMENTS OF PROTECTION 92 A. TRADEMARKS 92 I. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 92
II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 93 1. CAPABILITY OF DISTINCTION 93 2.
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER FOLLOWING USE 93 3. OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR
PROTECTION 93 III. GENUINE USE AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 93 1.
SURVEY 93 2. WAYS OF USE 93 3. USED IN A MODIFIED FORM 93 4. EXTENT AND
PLACE OF USE 93 5. PERIOD FOR USE 93 6. PROPER REASONS FOR NON-USE 93 7.
CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 93 IV. PRIORITY DATE 93 V. PROTECTION FOR TRADE
MARKS REGISTERED ABROAD 94 B TABLE OF CONTENTS I. OWNERSHIP 101 II.
TRANSFER AND LICENSING 101 D. TITLES 101 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 101
F. NAMES 102 G. OTHER SIGNS 102 I. OWNERSHIP 102 II. ASSIGNMENT 102 III.
LICENSING 103 § 5. LOSS OF PROTECTION 104 A. TRADE MARKS 104 I. NON-USE
104 II. ABSOLUTE GROUNDS OF INVALIDITY 104 III. BAD FAITH 104 IV. OTHER
REASONS 104 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 104 I. NON-USE 104 II. REASONS FOR
INVALIDITY 105 C. DOMAIN NAMES 105 D. TITLES 106 E. GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATIONS 106 F. NAMES 107 G. OTHER SIGNS 107 § 6. CONFLICT WITH
EARLIER RIGHTS 108 A. EARLIER TRADE MARK 108 I. LATER TRADE MARK 108 II.
LATER CORPORATE DESIGNATION 108 III. LATER OTHER SIGNS AND LATER OTHER
RIGHTS 108 B. EARLIER CORPORATE SIGN 109 I. LATER TRADE MARK 109 II.
LATER CORPORATE SIGN 110 III. OTHER LATER SIGNS AND RIGHTS 110 C.
EARLIER DOMAIN NAME ILL D. EARLIER TITLE ILL E. EARLIER GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATION ILL F. EARLIER NAME ILL G. OTHER EARLIER RIGHTS 112 § 7.
SCOPE OF PROTECTION 113 A. TRADE MARKS 113 I. ACTS OF INFRINGEMENT 113
II. PROTECTION AGAINST IDENTICAL MARKS/GOODS 113 III TABLE OF CONTENTS
IV. PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 117 V. USE OF ONE S
OWN NAME 118 C. DOMAIN NAMES 118 D. TITLES 118 E. GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATIONS 118 F. NAMES 118 G. OTHER RIGHTS 119 §8. DEFENCES 120 A.
NON-USE 120 I. TRADE MARKS 120 II. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 120 III. OTHER
SIGNS 120 B. NAME, ADDRESS AND DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION 121 C. EXHAUSTION
121 I. TRADE MARKS 121 II. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 121 III. OTHER SIGNS
121 D. ACQUIESCENCE 122 I. TRADE MARKS 122 II. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS
122 III. OTHER SIGNS AND RIGHTS 122 E. STATUTE OF LIMITATION 122 F.
ABUSE OF LAW 122 G. CONTRADICTORY EARLIER RIGHT 123 H. DECEPTION 123 I.
OTHER DEFENCES 123 §9. CLAIMS IN CASES OF INFRINGEMENT 124 A. INJUNCTION
124 B. DAMAGES 124 C. OTHER CLAIMS 124 I. DISCLOSURE AND ACCOUNTING
SEARCH ORDERS 124 II. CANCELLATION 125 III. SEIZE ORDERS 125 IV. SEIZURE
AT THE BORDER 125 § 10. INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS 126 A. ORDINARY
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT 126 B. INTERIM RELIEF 126 C. PROCEEDINGS
BEFORE THE PATENT OFFICE 127 I. OPPOSITION PROCEEDINGS 127 II.
CANCELLATION PROCEEDINGS 127 D TABLE OF CONTENTS E. GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATIONS 133 F. NAMES 133 G. OTHER SIGNS 134 §2. STATUTORY
REGULATIONS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP 135 § 3. REQUIREMENTS OF
PROTECTION 136 A. TRADEMARKS 136 I. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 137 II.
SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 137 1. CAPABILITY OF DISTINCTION 138 A)
DISTINCTIVENESS 138 AA) WORD MARKS 141 BB) COMBINED WORD AND DEVICE
MARKS 141 CC) DEVICE MARKS 141 DD) THREE-DIMENSIONAL MARKS 141 EE)
LETTER MARKS 141 FF) NUMERAL MARKS 141 GG) COLOUR MARKS 141 HH) SOUND
AND OTHER MARKS 141 B) POSSIBILITY TO SERVE IN TRADE AS A DESCRIPTIVE
DESIGNATION 141 C) GENERIC SIGNS 141 2. DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER FOLLOWING
USE 142 III. GENUINE USE AND CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 142 1. SURVEY 142
2. WAYS OF USE 142 3. USE IN A MODIFIED FORM 143 4. EXTENT AND PLACE OF
USE 144 5. PERIOD FOR USE 144 6. PROPER REASONS FOR NON-USE 145 7.
CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 145 IV. PRIORITY DATE 145 V. PROTECTION FOR
TRADE MARKS REGISTERED ABROAD 146 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 147 I. FORMAL
REQUIREMENTS 147 II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 148 1. INHERENT
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER 150 2. DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER FOLLOWING USE 150 3.
OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 150 III. USE AND CONSEQUENCES OF
NON-USE 150 IV TABLE OF CONTENTS IL ABSOLUTE GROUNDS OF INVALIDITY 158
III. BAD FAITH 158 IV. OTHER REASONS 158 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 159 I.
NON-USE 159 II. REASONS FOR INVALIDITY 159 C. DOMAIN NAMES 159 D. TITLES
159 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 160 F. NAMES 160 G. OTHER SIGNS 160 § 6.
CONFLICT WITH EARLIER RIGHTS 161 A. EARLIER TRADE MARK 161 I. LATER
TRADE MARK 161 II. LATER CORPORATE DESIGNATION 161 III. LATER OTHER
SIGNS AND LATER OTHER RIGHT 161 B. EARLIER CORPORATE SIGN 162 I. LATER
TRADE-MARK 162 II. LATER CORPORATE DESIGNATION 162 III. LATER OTHER
SIGNS AND LATER OTHER RIGHT 162 C. EARLIER DOMAIN NAME 162 D. EARLIER
TITLE 163 E. EARLIER GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION 163 F. EARLIER NAME 163 G.
EARLIER OTHER RIGHTS 163 § 7. SCOPE OF PROTECTION 164 A. TRADE MARKS 164
I. ACTS OF INFRINGEMENT 164 II. PROTECTION AGAINST IDENTICAL MARKS/GOODS
165 III. PROTECTION AGAINST SIMILAR MARKS/GOODS 165 1. PRINCIPLES OF
LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 166 2. SIMILARITY OF MARKS 169 A) PHONETICAL
SIMILARITY 170 B) VISUAL SIMILARITY 170 C) CONCEPTUAL SIMILARITY 172 3.
SIMILARITY BETWEEN GOODS/SERVICE 172 4. DEGREE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 172
IV. PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN TRADE-MARKS 174 V TABLE OF CONTENTS F.
NAMES 177 G. SCOPE OF PROTECTION OF OTHER RIGHTS 177 §8. DEFENCES 178 A.
NON-USE 179 I. TRADE MARKS 179 II. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 179 III.
OTHERS SIGNS 179 B. NAME, ADDRESS AND DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION 179 C.
EXHAUSTION 179 I. TRADE MARKS 179 II. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 180 III.
OTHER SIGNS 180 D. ACQUIESCENCE 180 I. TRADEMARKS 180 II. CORPORATE
DESIGNATIONS 180 III. OTHERS SIGNS AND RIGHTS 180 E. PRESCRIPTIONS UNDER
THE STATUTES OF LIMITATIONS 180 F. ABUSE OF LAW 181 G. CONTRADICTORY
EARLIER RIGHT 181 H. DECEPTION 181 I. OTHER DEFENCES 181 § 9. CLAIMS IN
CASES OF INFRINGEMENT 183 A. INJUNCTION 183 B. DAMAGES 184 C. OTHER
CLAIMS 184 I. DISCLOSURE AND ACCOUNTING SEARCH ORDERS 184 II.
CANCELLATION 185 III. SEIZE ORDERS 185 IV. SEIZURE AT THE BORDER 185 §
10. INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS 186 A. ORDINARY PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE
COURT 186 B. INTERIM RELIEF 186 C. PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE PATENT OFFICE
186 I. OPPOSITION PROCEEDINGS 186 II. CANCELLATION PROCEEDINGS 187 D.
CRIMINAL OFFENCES 189 § 11. STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION OF SIGNS 191 A.
PREVENTION BY RESEARCH 191 B TABLE OF CONTENTS § 3. REQUIREMENTS OF
PROTECTION 209 A. TRADEMARKS 209 I. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 209 II.
SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 210 1. CAPABILITY OF DISTINCTION 210 A)
DISTINCTIVENESS 211 AA) WORD MARKS 212 BB) DEVICE MARKS 212 CC) COMBINED
WORD AND DEVICE MARKS 212 DD) THREE-DIMENSIONAL MARKS 212 EE) LETTER
MARKS 212 FF) NUMERAL MARKS 213 GG) COLOUR MARKS 213 HH) SOUND AND OTHER
MARKS 213 B) POSSIBILITY TO SERVE IN TRADE AS A DESCRIPTIVE DESIGNATION
213 C) GENERIC SIGNS 213 2. DISTINCTICE CHARACTER FOLLOWING USE 213 3.
OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 214 III. GENUINE USE AND CONSEQUENCES
OF NON-USE 215 1. SURVEY 215 2. WAYS OF USE 215 3. USE IN A MODIFIED
FORM 216 4. EXTENT AND PLACE OF USE 216 5. PERIOD FOR USE 217 6. PROPER
REASONS FOR NON-USE 217 7. CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 217 IV. PRIORITY DATE
217 V. PROTECTION FOR TRADE MARKS REGISTERED ABROAD 218 B. CORPORATE
SIGNS 219 I. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 219 II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 220 1.
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER 220 2. OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 220 III.
USE AND CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 221 IV. PRIORITY DATE 221 V. PROTECTION
FOR FOREIGN CORPORATE SIGNS 222 C. DOMAIN NAMES 223 D. TITLES 223 E.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 223 F. NAMES 224 G TABLE OF CONTENTS E.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 227 I. OWNERSHIP 227 II. TRANSFER 227 III.
LICENSING 228 F. NAMES 228 I. OWNERSHIP 228 II. TRANSFER 228 III.
LICENSING 228 G. OTHER SIGNS 228 I. OWNERSHIP 228 II. ASSIGNMENT 228
III. LICENSING 228 § 5. LOSS OF PROTECTION 229 A. TRADE MARKS 229 I.
NON-USE 229 II. ABSOLUTE GROUNDS OF INVALIDITY 229 III. BAD FAITH 230
IV. OTHER REASONS 230 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 231 I. NON-USE 231 II. REASONS
FOR INVALIDITY 231 C. DOMAIN NAMES 231 D. TITLES 231 E. GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATIONS 232 F. NAMES 232 G. OTHER SIGNS 232 §6. CONFLICT WITH
EARLIER RIGHTS 234 A. EARLIER TRADE MARK 234 I. LATER TRADE MARK 235 II.
LATER CORPORATE DESIGNATION 235 III. LATER OTHER SIGNS AND LATER OTHER
RIGHT 235 B. EARLIER CORPORATE SIGN 236 I. LATER TRADE MARK 236 II.
LATER TRADE NAME 236 III. LATER OTHER SIGNS AND LATER OTHER RIGHT 237 C.
EARLIER DOMAIN NAME 237 D. EARLIER TITLE 238 E. EARLIER GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATION 238 F. EARLIER NAME 238 G. EARLIER OTHER RIGHTS 238 § 7.
SCOPE OF PROTECTION 239 A. TRADE MARKS 239 I. ACTS OF INFRINGEMENT 239
II TABLE OF CONTENTS B. CORPORATE SIGNS 246 I. ACTS OF INFRINGEMENT 247
II. PROTECTION AGAINST IDENTICAL TRADE NAMES 247 III. PROTECTION AGAINST
LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 247 1. PRINCIPLES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 248
2. SIMILARITY OF TRADE NAMES 248 3. COMMON FIELD OF ACTIVITY 248 4.
DEGREE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 248 5. TYPES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 248
IV. PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN TRADE NAMES 248 V. USE OF ONE S OWN NAME
248 C. DOMAIN NAMES 248 D. TITLES 249 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 249 F.
NAMES 249 G. OTHER SIGNS 249 § 8. DEFENCES 250 A. NON-USE 250 I. TRADE
MARKS 250 II. TRADE NAMES 250 III. OTHERS SIGNS 250 B. NAME, ADDRESS AND
DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION 251 C. EXHAUSTION 251 D. ACQUIESCENCE 251 E.
STATUTE OF LIMITATION 252 F. ABUSE OF LAW 252 G. CONTRADICTORY EARLIER
RIGHT 252 H. DECEPTION 252 I. OTHER DEFENCES 252 § 9. CLAIMS IN CASES OF
INFRINGEMENT 253 A. INJUNCTION 253 B. DAMAGES 253 C. OTHER CLAIMS 254 I.
DISCLOSURE AND ACCOUNTING SEARCH ORDERS 254 II. CANCELLATION 254 III.
SEIZE ORDERS 254 IV. SEIZURE AT THE BORDER 254 § 10. INFRINGEMENT
PROCEEDINGS 255 A. ORDINARY PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT 255 B TABLE OF
CONTENTS C. DOMAIN NAMES 267 D. TITLES 268 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 268 II.
SPECIAL CATEGORIES 270 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 270 F. NAMES 271 G.
OTHER SIGNS 272 § 2. STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP
273 § 3. REQUIREMENTS OF PROTECTION 275 A. TRADE MARKS 275 I. FORMAL
REQUIREMENTS 275 II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 276 III. GENUINE USE AND
CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 280 IV. PRIORITY DATE 280 V. PROTECTION OF TRADE
MARKS REGISTERED ABROAD 280 B. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 281 I. FORMAL
REQUIREMENTS 281 II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 281 1. INHERENT
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER 281 2. DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER FOLLOWONG USE 282 3.
OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 282 III. USE AND CONSEQUENCES OF
NON-USE 282 IV. PIORITY DATE 283 V. PROTECTION FOR FOREIGN CORPORATE
SIGNS 283 C. DOMAIN NAMES 283 D. TIDES 283 I. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 284
II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 284 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 284 I.
NATIONAL LAWS 284 II. COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) NO 510/06 284 F. NAMES 285
G. OTHER SIGNS 285 § 4. OWNERSHIP, TRANSFER, LICENSING 286 A. TRADE
MARKS 286 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 288 C. DOMAIN NAMES 288 D. TITLES 289 E.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 289 F TABLE OF CONTENTS F. EARLIER NAME 296 G.
OTHER EARLIER RIGHT 296 § 7. SCOPE OF PROTECTION 298 §8. DEFENCES 299 A.
NON-USE 300 I. TRADE MARKS 300 II. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 300 III. OTHER
SIGNS 300 B. NAME, ADDRESS AND DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION 300 I. TRADE
MARKS 300 II. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 301 III. OTHER SIGNS 301 C.
EXHAUSTION 301 I. TRADE MARKS 301 II. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 301 III.
OTHER SIGNS 301 D. ACQUIESCENCE 301 I. TRADE MARKS 301 II. CORPORATE
DESIGNATIONS 302 III. OTHER SIGNS AND RIGHTS 302 E. PRESCRIPTIONS UNDER
THE STATUTES OF LIMITATIONS 302 I. TRADE MARKS 302 II. CORPORATE
DESIGNATIONS 302 III. OTHER SIGNS 302 F. ABUSE OF LAW 303 I. TRADE MARKS
303 II. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 303 III. OTHER SIGNS 303 G. CONTRADICTORY
EARLIER RIGHT 303 I. TRADE MARKS 303 II. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 304 HI.
OTHER SIGNS 304 H. CANCELLATION 304 I. TRADE MARKS 304 II. CORPORATE
DESIGNATIONS 304 III. OTHER SIGNS 305 I. OTHER DEFENCES 305 I. TRADE
MARKS 305 II. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 305 III. OTHER SIGNS 305 § 9.
CLAIMS IN THE CASE OF INFRINGEMENT 306 § 10. INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS 30
TABLE OF CONTENTS II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 319 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 324 I.
TERM AND FUNCTION 324 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 326 C. DOMAIN NAMES 329 D.
TITLES 331 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 331 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 331 E.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 331 F. NAMES 332 G. OTHER SIGNS 332 § 2.
STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP 334 § 3. REQUIREMENTS
OF PROTECTION 336 A. TRADE MARKS 336 I. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 336 1. THE
APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION 337 2. THE OBSERVATION AND OPPOSITION
PROCEDURE 339 A) OBSERVATIONS 339 B) THE OPPOSITION 339 3. THE
REGISTRATION 340 4. THE RENEWAL 341 6. WELL-KNOWN TRADEMARKS 342 II.
SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 342 1. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION 343 2.
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER 343 A) STATUTORY REGULATIONS 343 B) CONTENT 344 3.
TYPES OF TRADE MARK 349 A) WORD MARKS 349 AA) WORDS AND COMBINATION OF
WORDS 349 BB) SURNAME 350 CC) PSEUDONYMS 353 DD) GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES 353
EE) LETTERS, NUMERALS AND ABBREVIATIONS 354 B) COMBINED WORD AND DEVICE
MARKS 355 C) DEVICE MARKS 355 D) THREE-DIMENSIONAL MARKS 356 E) COLOUR
MARKS 356 F) SOUND MARKS 358 G) OLFACTORY MARKS 359 4. LAWFUL CHARACTER
360 A) ARTICLE 6 TER OF THE PARIS CONVENTION 360 B TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.
EXTENT AND PLACE OF USE 374 5. PERIOD FOR USE 375 6. PROPER REASONS FOR
NON-USE 376 7. CONSEQUENCES OF UNJUSTIFIED NON-USE 376 IV. PRIORITY DATE
377 V. THE PROTECTION FOR FOREIGN TRADE MARKS 377 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 378
I. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 378 II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 379 III. USE AND
CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 379 IV. PROTECTION FOR FOREIGN CORPORATE SIGNS
379 C. DOMAIN NAMES 380 D. TITLES 380 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 380 I.
THE NATIONAL REGULATION 380 II. THE COMMUNITY REGULATION 382 §4.
OWNERSHIP, TRANSFER, LICENSING 384 A. TRADE MARKS 385 I. TRANSFER 387
II. LICENSING 388 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 392 C. DOMAIN NAMES 392 D. TIDES
392 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 392 § 5. LOSS OF PROTECTION 393 A. TRADE
MARKS 393 I. NON-USE 393 II. DILUTION 393 III. DECEPTION 393 IV. BAD
FAITH 394 V. ABSOLUTE GROUNDS OF INVALIDITY 394 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 394
C. DOMAIN NAMES 394 D. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 396 §6. CONFLICT WITH
EARLIER RIGHTS 397 A. EARLIER TRADE MARK 397 B. EARLIER CORPORATE SIGN
397 C. EARLIER DOMAIN NAME 397 D. EARLIER TITLE 397 E. EARLIER
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION 398 F TABLE OF CONTENTS D. TITLES 414 E.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 414 § 8. DEFENCES 416 A. NON-USE, DILUTION,
DECEPTION 416 B. NAME, ADDRESS AND DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION 416 F.
EXHAUSTION 417 D. ACQUIESCENCE 418 E. STATUTE OF LIMITATION 419 F. ABUSE
OF LAW 419 G. OTHER DEFENCES 420 § 9. CLAIMS IN CASES OF INFRINGEMENT
422 A. INJUNCTION 422 B. DAMAGES 422 C. OTHER CLAIMS 424 I. CANCELLATION
424 II. FINES AND IMPRISONMENT 424 III. PUBLICATION AND OTHER
SUPPLEMENTARY MEASURES 425 § 10. INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS 427 A.
PREVENTIVE ACTIONS 427 I. SEIZE ORDERS 427 II. SEIZURE AT THE BORDER 430
B. ORDINARY PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT 431 C. INTERIM RELIEF 433 § 11.
STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION OF SIGNS 435 A. PREVENTION BY RESEARCH 435
B. NECESSITY OF TRADE MARK REGISTRATION 435 C. NECESSITY OF COMPANY
FORMATION 436 CHAPTER 7. GERMANY 437 § 1. TYPES OF SIGNS 438 A. TRADE
MARKS 438 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 438 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 440 B.
CORPORATE SIGNS 441 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 441 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 441
C. DOMAIN NAMES 443 D. TITLES 443 E TABLE OF CONTENTS 2. DISTINCTIVE
CHARACTER FOLLOWING USE 455 3. OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 456
III. USE AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF LACK OF USE 457 1. SURVEY 457 2. WAYS
OF USE 457 3. USE IN A MODIFIED FORM 458 4. EXTENT AND PLACE OF USE 458
5. PERIOD FOR USE 459 6. PROPER REASONS FOR NON-USE 459 7. CONSEQUENCES
OF NON-USE 459 IV. PRIORITY DATE 460 V. PROTECTION OF FOREIGN TRADEMARKS
461 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 462 I. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 462 II. SUBSTANTIVE
REQUIREMENTS 462 1. INHERENT DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER 462 2. DISTINCTIVE
CHARACTER FOLLOWING USE 464 3. OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 464
III. GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE OF PROTECTION 464 IV. USE AND CONSEQUENCES OF
LACK OF USE 464 V. PRIORITY DATE 465 VI. PROTECTION FOR FOREIGN TRADE
NAMES 465 C. DOMAIN NAMES 466 D. TITLES 466 I. FOUNDATION 466 II.
REQUIREMENTS 467 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 467 I. NATIONAL LEGISLATION
467 II. REGULATION (EC) NO 510/2006 (CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND
FOODSTUFFS) 468 III. REGULATIONS (EC) NO 479/2008 (WINE) AND (EC) NO
110/2008 (SPIRITS) .. 470 F. NAMES 470 § 4. OWNERSHIP, TRANSFER,
MANAGEMENT, LICENSING 472 A. TRADE MARKS 472 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 474 C.
DOMAIN NAMES 475 D. TITLES 476 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 476 F TABLE
OF CONTENTS E. EARLIER GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION 491 F. EARLIER NAME 492
G. OTHER EARLIER RIGHTS 492 § 7. SCOPE OF PROTECTION 493 A. TRADE MARKS
493 I. ACTS OF INFRINGEMENT 494 1. ESSENCE OF USAGE 494 2. WAYS OF USE
496 II. PROTECTION OF IDENTITY 498 III. PROTECTION AGAINST CONFUSION 498
1. PRINCIPLES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 498 2. TRADEMARK/SIGN IDENTITY
OR SIMILARITY 499 3. GOODS/SERVICES IDENTITY OR SIMILARITY 501 4. DEGREE
OF DISTINCTIVENESS OF EARLIER TRADEMARK 501 5. TYPES OF LIKELIHOOD OF
CONFUSION 502 IV. PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN TRADEMARKS 503 V. USE OF
ONE S OWN NAME 505 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 505 I. ACTS OF INFRINGEMENT 506
II. PROTECTION AGAINST IDENTICAL CORPORATE SIGNS 507 III. PROTECTION
AGAINST LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 507 IV. PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN
CORPORATE SIGNS 509 V. USE OF ONE S OWN NAME AND COEXISTENCE SITUATIONS
509 C. DOMAIN NAMES 510 D. TITLES 510 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 511 F.
NAMES 514 G. OTHER RIGHTS 515 §8. DEFENCES 516 A. NON-USE 516 B. NAME,
ADDRESS AND DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION 517 C. EXHAUSTION 519 D.
ACQUIESCENCE 520 E. STATUTE OF LIMITATION 522 F. ABUSE OF LAW 524 G.
CONTRADICTORY EARLIER RIGHT 525 H. DECEPTION 525 I TABLE OF CONTENTS V.
ELIMINATION ACTION 539 VI. DEFENSIVE COUNTER-ACTION TO OPPOSITION 540 B.
INTERIM RELIEF 540 C. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES 541 D. NON-JUDICIAL
PROCEDURE BEFORE DOMAIN NAME ARBITRAL BODIES 544 E. THE RISKS INVOLVED
IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 544 § 11. STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION OF SIGNS 545
CHAPTER 8. ITALY 547 PREAMBLE 548 § 1. TYPES OF SIGNS 549 A. TRADE MARKS
549 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 549 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 551 B. CORPORATE
SIGNS 556 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 556 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 557 C. DOMAIN
NAMES 559 D. TITLES 559 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 559 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES
560 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 560 F. NAMES 562 G. OTHER SIGNS 563 §2.
STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP 565 § 3. REQUIREMENTS
OF PROTECTION 569 A. TRADE MARKS 569 I. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 569 II.
SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 573 1. CAPABILITY OF DISTINCTION 573 A)
DISTINCTIVENESS 574 B) POSSIBILITY OF SERVING IN TRADE AS A DESCRIPTIVE
DESIGNATION 575 C) GENERIC SIGNS 578 2. DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER FOLLOWING
USE 580 3. OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 582 III. GENUINE USE AND
THE CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 586 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS E. GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATIONS 603 F. NAMES 606 G. OTHER SIGNS 606 §4. OWNERSHIP,
ASSIGNMENT, LICENSING 607 A. TRADE MARKS 607 I. OWNERSHIP 607 II.
ASSIGNMENT 608 III. LICENSING 611 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 612 I. OWNERSHIP
612 II. ASSIGNMENT 613 III. LICENSING 615 C. DOMAIN NAMES 615 I.
OWNERSHIP 615 II. ASSIGNMENT AND LICENSING 615 D. TITLES 615 I.
OWNERSHIP 615 II. ASSIGNMENT AND LICENSING 617 E. GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATIONS 617 I. OWNERSHIP 617 II. ASSIGNMENT AND LICENSING 619 F.
NAMES 619 I. OWNERSHIP 619 II. ASSIGNMENT AND LICENSING 623 G. OTHER
SIGNS 623 § 5. LOSS OF PROTECTION 624 A. TRADE MARKS 624 I. NON-USE 625
II. ABSOLUTE GROUNDS FOR INVALIDITY 628 HI. BAD FAITH 629 IV. OTHER
REASONS 631 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 635 I. NON-USE 635 II. REASONS FOR
INVALIDITY 636 C. DOMAIN NAMES 638 D. TITLES 638 E. GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATIONS 639 F. NAMES 640 G. OTHER SIGNS 641 §6. CONFLICT WITH
EARLIER RIGHTS 642 A. EARLIER TRADE MARK 642 I. LATER MARK 642 II. LATER
CORPORATE DESIGNATION 648 III. OTHER LATER SIGNS AND RIGHTS 648 B.
EARLIER CORPORATE DESIGNATION 649 I TABLE OF CONTENTS III. PROTECTION
AGAINST SIMILAR MARKS/GOODS 660 1. PRINCIPLES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION
662 2. SIMILARITY OF MARKS 663 3. SIMILARITY BETWEEN GOODS/SERVICES 665
4. DEGREE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 668 5. TYPES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 670
IV. PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN TRADE MARKS 671 V. USE OF ONE S OWN NAME
673 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 674 I. ACTS OF INFRINGEMENT 676 II. PROTECTION
AGAINST IDENTICAL CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 676 III. PROTECTION AGAINST
LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 677 1. PRINCIPLES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 677
2. SIMILARITY OF CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 677 3. COMMON FIELD OF ACTIVITY
678 4. DEGREE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 679 5. TYPES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION
680 IV. PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 680 V. USE OF
ONE S OWN NAME 680 C. DOMAIN NAMES 681 D. TITLES 681 E. GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATIONS 681 F. NAMES 682 G. OTHER RIGHTS 682 §8. DEFENCES 683 A.
NON-USE 683 I. TRADEMARKS 683 II. CORPORATE SIGNS 684 III. OTHER SIGNS
684 B. NAME, ADDRESS AND DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION 684 C. EXHAUSTION 684
I. TRADE MARKS 684 II. CORPORATE SIGNS AND OTHER SIGNS 685 D.
ACQUIESCENCE 685 I. TRADE MARKS 685 II. CORPORATE SIGNS AND OTHER SIGNS
686 E. PRESCRIPTION UNDER THE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS 687 F TABLE OF
CONTENTS § 11. STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION OF SIGNS 707 A. PREVENTION BY
RESEARCH 707 B. NECESSITY OF TRADE MARK REGISTRATION 707 C. NECESSITY OF
COMPANY FORMATION 708 ABBREVIATIONS 709 CHAPTER 9. JAPAN 711 § 1. TYPES
OF SIGNS 712 A. TRADE MARKS 712 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 712 II. SPECIAL
CATEGORIES 714 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 715 C. DOMAIN NAMES 717 D. TITLES 717
E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 717 F. NAMES 718 G. OTHER SIGNS 718 § 2.
STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP 719 § 3. REQUIREMENTS
OF PROTECTION 721 A. TRADE MARKS 721 I. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 721 II.
SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 722 1. CAPABILITY OF DISTINCTION 723 A)
DISTINCTIVENESS 723 AA) WORD MARKS 724 BB) COMBINED WORD AND DEVICE
MARKS 724 CC) DEVICE MARKS 724 DD) THREE-DIMENSIONAL MARKS 724 EE)
LETTER MARKS 724 FF) NUMERAL MARKS 724 GG) COLOUR MARKS 724 HH) SOUND
MARK AND OTHER MARKS 725 B) POSSIBILITY TO SERVE IN TRADE AS A
DESCRIPTIVE DESIGNATION 725 AA) WORD MARKS 725 BB) THREE-DIMENSIONAL
MARKS 725 C) GENERIC SIGNS 726 2. DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER FOLLOWING USE
726 3. OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 726 III TABLE OF CONTENTS E.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 735 F. NAMES 735 §4. OWNERSHIP, TRANSFER,
LICENSING 736 A. TRADE MARKS 736 I. OWNERSHIP 736 II. TRANSFER 737 III.
LICENSING 737 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 738 I. OWNERSHIP 738 II. TRANSFER 738
III. LICENSING 738 C. DOMAIN NAMES 739 I. OWNERSHIP 739 II. TRANSFER 739
III. LICENSING 739 D. TITLES 739 I. OWNERSHIP 739 II. TRANSFER 739 III.
LICENSING 739 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 739 F. NAMES 740 I. OWNERSHIP
740 II. TRANSFER AND LICENSING 740 G. OTHER SIGNS 740 § 5. LOSS OF
PROTECTION 741 A. TRADEMARKS 741 I. NON-USE 741 II. ABSOLUTE GROUNDS OF
INVALIDITY 742 III. BAD FAITH 743 IV. OTHER REASONS 743 B. CORPORATE
SIGNS 744 I. NON-USE 744 II. REASONS FOR INVALIDITY 744 C. DOMAIN NAMES
744 D. TITLES 744 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 744 F. NAMES 744 G. OTHER
SIGNS 745 § 6. CONFLICT WITH EARLIER RIGHTS 746 A. EARLIER TRADE MARK
746 I. LATER TRADE MARK 747 II. LATER CORPORATE DESIGNATION 747 III.
LATER OTHER SIGNS AND LATER OTHER RIGHT 747 B. EARLIER CORPORATE SIGN
747 I. LATER TRADE MARK 748 II TABLE OF CONTENTS A) PHONETICAL
SIMILARITY 755 AA) CHARACTERS 755 BB) WORDS IN ANOTHER LANGUAGE 756 CC)
PARTS OF A MARK 756 DD) ORDER OF THE LETTERS OR WORDS 757 B) VISUAL
SIMILARITY 757 C) CONCEPTUAL SIMILARITY 757 3. SIMILARITY OF
GOODS/SERVICES 758 4. DEGREE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 759 5. TYPES OF
LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 759 IV. PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN TRADE MARKS 760
V. USE OF ONE S OWN NAME 761 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 761 I. ACTS OF
INFRINGEMENT 762 II. PROTECTION AGAINST IDENTICAL CORPORATE SIGN 763
III. PROTECTION AGAINST LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 763 1. PRINCIPLES OF
LIKELIHOOD CONFUSION 764 2. SIMILARITY OF CORPORATE SIGNS 764 3. COMMON
FIELD OF ACTIVITY 764 4. DEGREE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 764 5. TYPES OF
LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 765 IV. PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN CORPORATE SIGNS
765 V. USE OF ONE S OWN NAME 765 C. DOMAIN NAMES 765 D. TITLES 765 E.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 765 F. NAMES 765 §8. DEFENCES 766 A. NON-USE
766 I. TRADE MARKS 766 II. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 766 B. NAME, ADDRESS
AND DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION 767 C. EXHAUSTION 767 I. TRADE MARKS 767 II.
CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 768 III. OTHER SIGNS 769 D. ACQUIESCENCE 769 I.
TRADE MARKS 769 II. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 769 III. OTHER SIGNS AND
RIGHTS 769 E TABLE OF CONTENTS II. CANCELLATION PROCEEDINGS 776 D.
CRIMINAL OFFENCES 777 § 11. STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION OF SIGNS 778 A.
PREVENTION BY RESEARCH 778 B. NECESSITY OF TRADE MARK REGISTRATION 778
C. NECESSITY OF COMPANY FORMATION 778 CHAPTER 10. PORTUGAL 779 § 1.
TYPESOFSIGNS 780 A. TRADEMARKS 781 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 781 II. SPECIAL
CATEGORIES 781 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 782 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 782 II.
SPECIAL CATEGORIES 783 1. LOGO 783 2. COMPANY NAME 784 3. COMPANY NAME
OF COMMERCIAL COMPANIES 784 4. TRADE NAME 784 C. DOMAIN NAMES 785 D.
TITLES 786 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 786 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 786 E.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 786 F. NAMES 787 G. OTHER SIGNS 787 I. AWARDS
787 II. NEW PLANT VARIETIES 788 §2. STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND THEIR
INTERRELATIONSHIP 789 A. INTERNATIONAL 789 B. COMMUNITY 790 C. NATIONAL
790 § 3. REQUIREMENTS OF PROTECTION 791 A. TRADEMARKS 791 I. FORMAL
REQUIREMENTS 791 II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 793 1. CAPABILITY OF
DISTINCTION 793 A) DISTINCTIVENESS 793 B) NEED TO KEEP FREE 794 C)
COMMON PARLANCE 794 2. DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER FOLLOWING USE 795 3 TABLE
OF CONTENTS II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 804 1. GENERAL ASPECTS 804 A)
COMPANY NAME 804 B) OTHER DISTINCTIVE CORPORATE SIGNS 806 2. INHERENT
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER 806 A) COMPANY NAME 806 B) OTHER DISTINCTIVE
CORPORATE SIGNS 807 3. DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER FOLLOWING USE 807 A)
COMPANY NAME 807 B) OTHER DISTINCTIVE CORPORATE SIGNS 807 4. OTHER
REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 807 A) COMPANY NAME 807 B) OTHER DISTINCTIVE
CORPORATE SIGNS 808 III. USE AND CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 808 1. COMPANY
NAME 808 2. OTHER DISTINCTIVE CORPORATE SIGNS 808 IV. PRIORITY DATE 809
1. COMPANY NAME 809 2. OTHER DISTINCTIVE CORPORATE SIGNS 809 V.
PROTECTION FOR FOREIGN CORPORATE SIGNS 810 1. COMPANY NAME 810 2. OTHER
DISTINCTIVE CORPORATE SIGNS 811 C. DOMAIN NAMES 811 D. TITLES 811 I.
FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 812 II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 812 E. GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATIONS 812 F. NAMES 813 G. OTHER SIGNS 813 I. AWARDS 813 II. NEW
PLANT VARIETIES 814 I 4. OWNERSHIP, TRANSFER, LICENSING 815 A.
TRADEMARKS 815 I. OWNERSHIP 815 II. TRANSFER 816 III. LICENCE 817 B.
CORPORATE SIGNS 818 I. OWNERSHIP 818 1. COMPANY NAME 818 2. OTHER
DISTINCTIVE CORPORATE SIGNS 819 II. ASSIGNMENT 819 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
F. NAMES 823 I. OWNERSHIP 823 II. ASSIGNMENT 823 III. LICENSE 824 G.
OTHER SIGNS 824 I. AWARDS 824 II. NEW PLANT VARIETY APPELLATIONS 824 §
5. LOSS OF PROTECTION 825 A. TRADEMARKS 825 I. NON-USE 825 1.
APPLICATION FOR REVOCATION 825 2. MEANS OF DEFENCE IN THE INFRINGEMENT
PROCESS 826 II. ABSOLUTE REASONS OF INVALIDITY 826 III. BAD FAITH 827
IV. OTHER REASONS 827 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 828 I. NON-USE 828 1. COMPANY
NAME 829 2. NAME AND SIGN OF ESTABLISHMENT 829 3. LOGO 829 II. OTHER
REASONS FOR INVALIDITY 829 1. COMPANY NAME 829 2. NAME AND SIGN OF
ESTABLISHMENTS 829 3. LOGO 829 C. DOMAIN NAMES 830 D. TITLES 830 E.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 831 F. NAMES 831 G. OTHER SIGNS 832 § 6.
CONFLICT WITH EARLIER RIGHTS 833 A. EARLIER TRADEMARK 833 I. LATER
TRADEMARK 833 II. LATER CORPORATE SIGN 834 1. COMPANY NAME AND BUSINESS
IDENTIFIER 834 2. LOGO 835 III. LATER OTHER SIGN AND LATER OTHER RIGHT
835 1. DOMAIN NAMES 835 2. TITLES OF WORKS 835 3. GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATIONS 836 4. NAMES 836 5. OTHER DISTINCTIVE SIGNS 836 A) AWARD 836
B) LOGO 836 C) APPELLATION OF NEW PLANT VARIETIES 836 D TABLE OF
CONTENTS III. PROTECTION AGAINST CONFUSION 844 1. PRINCIPLES OF
LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 844 2. SIMILARITY OF TRADEMARKS 845 A) VISUAL
SIMILARITY 845 B) PHONETICAL SIMILARITY 845 C) FIGURATIVE SIMILARITY 845
D) CONCEPTUAL SIMILARITY 845 3. SIMILARITY BETWEEN PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
845 4. DEGREE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 846 5. TYPES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION
846 IV. PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN TRADEMARKS 846 V. USE OF ONE S OWN NAME
847 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 847 I. TYPES OF SIGN 848 1. COMPANY NAME AND
BUSINESS IDENTIFIER 848 A) TERRITORIAL RANGE OF SIGN 848 B) OTHER
ASPECTS 848 2. DISTINCTIVE TRADE SIGNS: NAME, SIGN OF ESTABLISHMENT AND
LOGO 849 II. ACTS OF INFRINGEMENT 849 III. PROTECTION OF IDENTITY 849
IV. PROTECTION AGAINST CONFUSION 850 1. PRINCIPLES OF LIKELIHOOD OF
CONFUSION 850 2. SIMILARITY OF SIGNS 850 3. COMMON FIELD OF ACTIVITY 850
4. DEGREE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 850 5. TYPES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 850
V. PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN CORPORATE SIGNS 850 VI. USE OF ONE S OWN
NAME 851 C. DOMAIN NAMES 851 D. TITLES 851 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
852 I. DAMAGING ACTS 852 II. PROTECTION OF IDENTITY 853 III. PROTECTION
AGAINST CONFUSION 853 IV. PROTECTION OF PRESTIGE 854 F. NAMES 854 G.
OTHER RIGHTS 855 § 8. DEFENCES 85 TABLE OF CONTENTS E. STATUTE OF
LIMITATION 861 I. TRADEMARK 861 II. DISTINCTIVE CORPORATE SIGN 861 III.
OTHER DISTINCTIVE SIGNS 861 F. ABUSE OF LAW 862 G. CONTRADICTORY EARLIER
RIGHT 863 H. DECEPTION 863 I. OTHER DEFENCES 864 § 9. CLAIMS IN CASE OF
INFRINGEMENT 865 A. INJUNCTION 866 B. DAMAGES 866 C. OTHER CLAIMS 867 I.
DISCLOSURE AND ACCOUNTING SEARCH 867 II. CANCELLATION 867 III.
ELIMINATION 867 IV SEIZURE AT BORDER 868 § 10. INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS
869 A. ORDINARY PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT 869 B. INTERIM RELIEF 871
C. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES 871 I. OPPOSITION PROCEDURES 872 II.
CANCELLATION PROCEDURES 872 D. CRIMINAL CONDUCT 872 § 11. STRATEGIES FOR
THE PROTECTION OF SIGNS 874 A. PREVENTION BY RESEARCH 874 B. NECESSITY
OF TRADE MARK REGISTRATION 874 C. NECESSITY OF COMPANY FORMATION 874
ABBREVIATIONS 876 CHAPTER 11. RUSSIA 879 § 1. TYPES OF SIGNS 880 A.
TRADEMARKS 880 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 880 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 882 B.
CORPORATE SIGNS 885 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 885 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 887
C. DOMAIN NAMES 887 D. TITLES 888 I TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. DESIGNATIONS
WHICH CANNOT BE REGISTERED AS THEY CANNOT PERFORM FUNCTIONS OF TRADE
MARKS 901 A) LACK OF DISTINCTIVENESS 901 B) TRADEMARKS REPRESENTING
PUBLIC SIGNS 902 C) FREEMARKS 902 D) DESIGNATIONS WHICH ARE GENERALLY
ACCEPTED SYMBOLS AND TERMS ... 902 E) GENERIC SIGNS 902 2. DESIGNATIONS
WHICH CANNOT BE REGISTERED AS CONTRADICTING PUBLIC ORDER AND SOCIAL
INTERESTS 903 A) DESIGNATIONS WHICH ARE DECEPTIVE OR CAPABLE OF
MISLEADING CONSUMERS AS FOR THE GOODS OR THEIR PRODUCER 903 B)
DESIGNATIONS CONTRADICTING PUBLIC INTERESTS, PRINCIPLES OF HUMANITY AND
MORALITY 903 3. DESIGNATIONS WHICH CANNOT BE REGISTERED AS VIOLATING THE
RIGHTS AND LEGITIMATE INTERESTS OF THIRD PERSONS . 903 III. GENUINE USE
AND CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 904 1. SURVEY 904 2. WAYS OF USE 905 3. USE
IN A MODIFIED FORM 905 4. EXTENT AND PLACE OF USE 905 5. PERIODFORUSE
906 6. USE OF A TRADE MARK NOTICE 906 7. PROPER REASONS FOR NON-USE 906
8. CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 906 IV. PRIORITY DATE 907 V. PROTECTION FOR
TRADE MARKS REGISTERED ABROAD 907 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 908 I. FORMAL
REQUIREMENTS 908 II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 909 1. INHERENT
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER 909 2. DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER FOLLOWING USE 909 3.
OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 909 III. USE AND CONSEQUENCES OF
NON-USE 909 IV. PRIORITY DATE 910 V TABLE OF CONTENTS III. BAD FAITH 923
IV. OTHER REASONS 923 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 924 C. DOMAIN NAMES 925 D.
TIDES 925 E. APPELLATION OF ORIGIN 926 F. NAMES 926 G. OTHER SIGNS 927 §
6. CONFLICT WITH EARLIER RIGHTS 928 A. EARLIER TRADE MARK 928 I. LATER
TRADE MARK 928 II. LATER FIRM NAME 929 III. LATER OTHER SIGNS AND LATER
OTHER RIGHTS 929 B. EARLIER CORPORATE SIGN 930 I. LATER TRADE MARK 930
II. LATER FIRM NAME 930 III. LATER OTHER SIGNS AND LATER OTHER RIGHTS
930 C. EARLIER DOMAIN NAME 931 D. EARLIER TITLE 931 E. EARLIER
APPELLATION OF ORIGIN 931 F. EARLIER NAME 931 G. EARLIER OTHER RIGHTS
932 § 7. SCOPE OF PROTECTION 933 A. TRADEMARKS 933 I. ACTS OF
INFRINGEMENT 933 II. PROTECTION AGAINST IDENTICAL TRADE MARKS 934 III.
PROTECTION AGAINST SIMILAR TRADE MARKS 934 1. PRINCIPLES OF LIKELIHOOD
OF CONFUSION 935 2. SIMILARITY OF MARKS 935 A) PHONETICAL SIMILARITY 935
B) VISUAL SIMILARITY 936 C) CONCEPTUAL SIMILARITY 936 3. SIMILARITY
BETWEEN GOODS/SERVICES 936 4. TYPES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 937 IV.
PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN TRADE MARKS 937 V. USE OF ONE S OWN NAME 937 B.
CORPORATE SIGNS 937 I TABLE OF CONTENTS I. TRADE MARKS 945 II. FIRM
NAMES 945 III. OTHER SIGNS 945 E. ABUSE OF LAW 946 § 9. CLAIMS IN CASES
OF INFRINGEMENT 947 A. INJUNCTION 947 B. DAMAGES 948 C. OTHER CLAIMS 949
I. DISCLOSURE AND ACCOUNTING SEARCH ORDERS 949 II. CANCELLATION 949 III.
SEIZE ORDERS 949 IV. SEIZURE AT THE BORDER 950 V. OTHER MEASURES 951 §
10. INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS 952 A. ORDINARY PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE
COURT 952 B. INTERIM RELIEF 952 C. PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE PATENT OFFICE
952 I. OPPOSITION PROCEEDINGS 953 II. CANCELLATION PROCEEDINGS 953 D.
CRIMINAL OFFENCES 953 § 11. STRATEGY FOR THE PROTECTION OF SIGNS 954 A.
PREVENTION BY RESEARCH 954 B. NECESSITY OF TRADE MARK REGISTRATION 954
C. NECESSITY OF COMPANY CORMATION 955 TABLE OF STATUTES 956 CHAPTER 12.
SWITZERLAND 957 § 1. TYPES OF SIGNS 958 A. TRADE MARKS 958 I. TERM AND
FUNCTION 958 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 959 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 960 I. TERM
AND FUNCTION 960 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 960 C. DOMAIN NAMES 961 D.
TITLES 961 I. TERM AND FUNCTION 961 II. SPECIAL CATEGORIES 961 E TABLE
OF CONTENTS GG) COLOUR MARKS 972 HH) SOUND AND OTHER MARKS 972 B)
REQUIREMENT TO KEEP A MARK FREELY AVAILABLE 972 AA) WORD MARKS 972 BB)
COMBINED WORD AND DEVICE MARKS 973 CC) DEVICE MARKS 973 DD)
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MARKS 973 EE) LETTER MARKS 973 FF) NUMERAL MARKS 973
GG) COLOUR MARKS 973 HH) SOUND AND OTHER MARKS 973 C) USE IN CURRENT
LANGUAGE 973 2. DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER FOLLOWING USE 974 3. OTHER
REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 975 III. GENUINE USE AND CONSEQUENCES OF
NON-USE 975 1. SURVEY 975 2. WAYS OF USE 976 3. USE IN A MODIFIED FORM
976 4. EXTENT AND PLACE OF USE 976 5. PERIODFORUSE 977 6. PROPER REASONS
FOR NON-USE 977 7. CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 977 IV. PRIORITY DATE 977 V.
PROTECTION FOR TRADE MARKS REGISTERED ABROAD 978 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 978
I. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 978 II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 980 1.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS 980 2. BUSINESS NAMES 980 A) GENERAL RESTRICTIONS ON
THE CHOICE OF SIGNS 980 B) RULES ON THE CREATION OF BUSINESS NAMES 981
3. CORPORATE SIGNS UNDER THE FIRST-TO-USE PRINCIPLE 981 4. CORPORATE
SIGNS UNDER THE ESTABLISHMENT PRINCIPLE 981 III. USE AND CONSEQUENCES OF
NON-USE 982 IV. PRIORITY DATE 982 V. PROTECTION FOR FOREIGN CORPORATE
SIGNS 982 C. DOMAIN NAMES 983 D. TITLES 984 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
984 I TABLE OF CONTENTS I. NON-USE 991 II. ABSOLUTE GROUNDS OF
INVALIDITY 991 III. BAD FAITH 992 IV. OTHER REASONS 992 B. CORPORATE
SIGNS 992 I. NON-USE 992 II. OTHER REASONS FOR INVALIDITY 992 C. DOMAIN
NAMES 993 D. TITLES 993 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 993 F. NAMES 994 G.
OTHER SIGNS 994 § 6. CONFLICT WITH EARLIER RIGHTS 995 A. EARLIER TRADE
MARK 995 I. LATER TRADE MARK 996 II. LATER CORPORATE DESIGNATION 996
III. LATER OTHER SIGNS AND LATER OTHER RIGHT 997 B. EARLIER CORPORATE
SIGN 997 I. LATER TRADE MARK 998 II. LATER CORPORATE SSIGN 998 III.
LATER OTHER SIGNS AND LATER OTHER RIGHT 998 C. EARLIER DOMAIN NAME 998
D. EARLIER TITLE 999 E. EARLIER GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION 999 F. EARLIER
NAME 1000 G. EARLIER OTHER RIGHTS 1000 § 7. SCOPE OF PROTECTION 1001 A.
TRADE MARKS 1001 I. ACTS OF INFRINGEMENT 1001 II. PROTECTION AGAINST
IDENTICAL TRADE MARKS 1002 III. PROTECTION AGAINST SIMILAR MARKS/GOODS
1002 1. PRINCIPLES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 1003 2. SIMILARITY OF
TRADE MARKS 1003 A) PHONETICAL SIMILARITY 1004 B) VISUAL SIMILARITY 1004
C) CONCEPTUAL SIMILARITY 1004 3. SIMILARITY BETWEEN GOODS/SERVICES 1005
4. DEGREE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 1005 5. TYPES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION
1005 IV TABLE OF CONTENTS 7. TYPES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 1014 V.
PROTECTION OF WELL-KNOWN CORPORATE SIGNS 1014 VI. USE OF ONE S OWN NAME
1014 C. DOMAIN NAMES 1014 D. TITLES 1014 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
1015 F. NAMES 1015 G. OTHER RIGHTS 1016 §8. DEFENCES 1017 A. NON-USE
1017 I. TRADEMARKS 1017 II. CORPORATE SIGNS 1017 III. OTHER SIGNS 1018
B. NAME, ADDRESS AND DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION 1018 C. EXHAUSTION 1018 D.
ACQUIESCENCE 1019 E. STATUTE OF LIMITATION 1019 F. ABUSE OF LAW 1020 G.
CONTRADICTORY EARLIER RIGHT 1020 H. DECEPTION 1020 I. OTHER DEFENCES
1020 § 9. CLAIMS IN CASES OF INFRINGEMENT 1021 A. INJUNCTION 1021 B.
DAMAGES 1022 C. OTHER CLAIMS 1023 I. MISCELLANEOUS 1023 II. SEIZURE AT
THE BORDER 1024 § 10. INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS 1025 A. ORDINARY
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT 1025 B. INTERIM RELIEF 1025 C. PROCEEDINGS
BEFORE THE PATENT OFFICE 1026 I. OPPOSITION PROCEEDINGS 1026 II.
CANCELLATION PROCEEDINGS 1026 D. CRIMINAL OFFENCES 1026 § 11. STRATEGY
FOR THE PROTECTION OF SIGNS 1027 A. PREVENTION BY RESEARCH 1027 B.
NECESSITY OF TRADE MARK REGISTRATION 1027 C TABLE OF CONTENTS I. FORMAL
REQUIREMENTS 1043 II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 1045 1. CAPABILITY OF
DISTINCTION 1046 A) DISTINCTIVENESS 1047 AA) WORD MARKS 1050 BB)
COMBINED WORD AND DEVICE MARKS 1053 CC) DEVICE MARKS 1053 DD)
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MARKS 1053 EE) LETTER MARKS 1054 FF) NUMERAL MARKS
1054 GG) COLOUR MARKS 1054 HH) SOUND AND OTHER MARKS 1055 B) POSSIBILITY
TO SERVE IN TRADE AS A DESCRIPTIVE DESIGNATION 1055 C) GENERIC SIGNS
1058 2. DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER FOLLOWING USE 1058 3. OTHER REQUIREMENTS
FOR PROTECTION 1060 III. GENUINE USE AND CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 1063 1.
SURVEY 1063 2. WAYS OF USE 1063 3. USE IN A MODIFIED FORM 1064 4. EXTENT
AND PLACE OF USE 1065 5. PERIODFORUSE 1065 6. PROPER REASONS FOR NON-USE
1066 7. CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 1066 IV. PRIORITY DATE 1067 V.
PROTECTION FOR TRADE MARKS REGISTERED ABROAD 1068 B. CORPORATE SIGNS
1069 I. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 1069 II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 1069 1.
INHERENT DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER 1069 2. DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER FOLLOWING
USE 1070 3. OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 1071 III. USE AND
CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 1073 IV. PRIORITY DATE 1074 V. PROTECTION FOR
FOREIGN CORPORATE SIGNS 1076 C. DOMAIN NAMES 1077 D. TITLES 1077 E.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 1078 F. NAMES 1079 G TABLE OF CONTENTS § 5.
LOSS OF PROTECTION 1086 A. TRADE MARKS 1086 I. NON-USE 1086 II. ABSOLUTE
GROUNDS OF INVALIDITY 1086 III. BAD FAITH 1087 IV. OTHER REASONS 1088 B.
CORPORATE SIGNS 1089 I. NON-USE 1089 II. REASONS FOR INVALIDITY 1089 C.
DOMAIN NAMES 1089 D. TITLES 1090 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 1090 F.
NAMES 1090 G. OTHER SIGNS 1090 §6. CONFLICT WITH EARLIER RIGHTS 1092 A.
EARLIER TRADE MARK 1092 I. LATER TRADE MARK 1092 II. LATER CORPORATE
SIGN 1093 III. LATER OTHER SIGNS AND LATER OTHER RIGHTS 1096 B. EARLIER
CORPORATE SIGN 1096 I. LATER TRADE MARK 1096 II. LATER CORPORATE SIGN
1098 HI. LATER OTHER SIGNS AND LATER OTHER RIGHTS 1098 C. EARLIER DOMAIN
NAME 1098 D. EARLIER TITLE 1099 E. EARLIER GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION 1099
F. EARLIER NAME 1100 G. EARLIER OTHER RIGHTS 1100 § 7. SCOPE OF
PROTECTION 1101 A TRADE MARKS 1101 I. ACTS OF INFRINGEMENT 1101 II.
PROTECTION AGAINST IDENTICAL MARKS/GOODS 1104 HI. PROTECTION AGAINST
SIMILAR MARKS/GOODS 1105 1. PRINCIPLES OF LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 1105
2. SIMILARITY OF MARKS 1107 A) PHONETICAL SIMILARITY 1109 B) VISUAL
SIMILARITY 1110 C) CONCEPTUAL SIMILARITY 1112 3. SIMILARITY BETWEEN
GOODS/SERVICES 1112 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS F. NAMES 1125 G. OTHER RIGHTS
1125 § 8. DEFENCES 1126 A. NON-USE 1126 I. TRADE MARKS 1126 II.
CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 1126 III. OTHER SIGNS 1127 B. NAME, ADDRESS AND
DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION 1127 C. EXHAUSTION 1128 I. TRADE MARKS 1128 II.
CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 1130 III. OTHER SIGNS 1130 D. ACQUIESCENCE 1131
I. TRADE MARKS 1131 II. CORPORATE DESIGNATIONS 1132 III. OTHER SIGNS AND
RIGHTS 1132 E. STATUTE OF LIMITATION 1133 F. ABUSE OF LAW 1133 G.
CONTRADICTORY EARLIER RIGHT 1134 H. DECEPTION 1134 I. OTHER DEFENCES
1135 § 9. CLAIMS IN CASES OF INFRINGEMENT 1136 A. INJUNCTION 1136 B.
DAMAGES 1137 C. OTHER CLAIMS 1139 I. DISCLOSURE AND ACCOUNTING SEARCH
ORDERS 1139 II. CANCELLATION 1139 III. SEIZE ORDERS 1140 IV. SEIZURE AT
THE BORDER 1140 § 10. INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS 1141 A. ORDINARY
PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT 1141 B. INTERIM RELIEF 1141 C. PROCEEDINGS
BEFORE THE PATENT OFFICE 1142 I. OPPOSITION PROCEEDINGS 1142 II.
CANCELLATION PROCEEDINGS 1142 D. CRIMINAL OFFENCES 1142 § 11. STRATEGY
FOR THE PROTECTION OF SIGNS 1143 A. PREVENTION BY RESEARCH 1143 B.
NECESSITY OF TRADE MARK REGISTRATION 1143 C TABLE OF CONTENTS F. PLANT
VARIETIES 1152 G. SPECIAL MARKS 1153 §2. STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND THEIR
INTERRELATIONSHIP 1154 § 3. REQUIREMENTS OF PROTECTION 1155 A.
TRADEMARKS 1155 I. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 1155 II. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS
1157 1. CAPABLE OF DISTINGUISHING 1158 2. LACK OF DISTINCTIVENESS 1159
A) NAMES 1159 B) COLOURS 1159 C) DESCRIPTIVE WORDS 1160 D) GENERIC 1161
E) SHAPES 1161 AA) NATURE OF THE GOODS THEMSELVES 1161 BB) ACHIEVING
TECHNICAL RESULTS 1161 CC) SUBSTANTIAL VALUE 1162 3. OTHER REQUIREMENTS
FOR PROTECTION 1162 A) PUBLIC POLICY 1162 B) DECEPTION AND USE CONTRARY
TO LAW 1162 C) BAD FAITH 1162 D) PROTECTED EMBLEMS 1163 E) RELATIVE
GROUNDS 1164 F) CERTIFICATION AND COLLECTIVE MARKS 1164 III. GENUINE USE
AND CONSEQUENCES OF NON-USE 1164 IV. PRIORITY DATE 1164 V. PROTECTION OF
TRADE MARKS REGISTERED ABROAD 1165 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 1166 I. COMPANY
NAMES 1166 1. THE REGISTRAR S INDEX OF COMPANY NAMES 1167 2. COMPANY
NAMES 1167 3. COMPANY NAMES IN WHICH ANOTHER PERSON OWNS THE GOODWILL
1168 4. OTHER CORPORATE ENTITIES 1169 II. TRADE NAMES 1169 1. FORMAL
REQUIREMENTS 1169 2. SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS 1170 C. DOMAIN NAMES 1171
D. TITLES 1171 E TABLE OF CONTENTS IL ABSOLUTE GROUNDS 1181 1.
INVALIDITY 1181 2. REVOCATION ON THE GROUNDS THAT THE MARK HAS BECOME
COMMON IN THE TRADE (GENERIC) 1182 3. REVOCATION ON THE GROUNDS OF
MISLEADING USE 1182 III. SURRENDER 1182 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 1183 I.
COMPANY NAMES 1183 II. TRADE NAMES 1183 C. DOMAIN NAMES 1183 D. TITLES
1184 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 1184 F. PLANT VARIETIES 1184 § 6.
CONFLICT WITH EARLIER RIGHTS 1185 A. LATER TRADE MARKS 1185 I. EARLIER
TRADE MARK 1185 II. EARLIER OTHER RIGHTS 1186 III. EARLIER GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATIONS 1186 IV. HONEST CONCURRENT USE 1186 B. LATER COMPANY NAMES
1187 I. EARLIER COMPANY NAMES 1187 II. EARLIER TRADE NAMES 1187 C. LATER
DOMAIN NAMES 1187 D. LATER TITLES 1188 E. LATER GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
1188 F. LATER PLANT VARIETIES 1188 § 7. SCOPE OF PROTECTION 1189 A.
TRADEMARKS 1189 I. INFRINGING ACTS 1190 1. TYPES 1190 2. USE IN THE
COURSE OF TRADE 1190 3. USE AS A TRADE MARK 1191 II. PROTECTION AGAINST
USE OF AN IDENTICAL MARK ON IDENTICAL GOODS 1192 III. PROTECTION AGAINST
SIMILAR MARKS AND SIMILAR GOODS 1193 1. GLOBAL APPRECIATION 1193 2.
SIMILARITY OF MARKS 1193 3. SIMILARITY OF GOODS 1194 4. DISTINCTIVENESS
1194 IV TABLE OF CONTENTS VI. USE OF REGISTERED MARK 1206 VLL.USE IN A
PARTICULAR LOCALITY 1207 VIII. COMPARATIVE ADVERTISING 1207 IX.
TRANSITIONAL PROTECTION 1207 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 1208 I. COMPANY NAMES
1208 II. TRADE NAMES 1208 1. NAMES 1208 2. DESCRIPTIVE/GENERIC 1209 3.
CONCURRENT REPUTATION 1209 4. EXHAUSTION 1209 5. ACQUIESCENCE 1209 C.
DOMAIN NAMES 1210 D. TIDES 1210 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 1210 F.
PLANT VARIETIES 1210 § 9. CLAIMS IN CASES OF INFRINGEMENT 1211 A. TRADE
MARKS 1211 I. INJUNCTION 1211 II. DAMAGES 1212 III. ACCOUNTS FOR PROFIT
1212 IV. ERASURE, DESTRUCTION AND DELIVERY UP 1213 V. SEIZURE AT THE
BORDER 1213 VI. DOMESTIC CUSTOMS REGIME 1214 B. CORPORATE SIGNS 1215 I.
COMPANY NAMES 1215 II. TRADE NAMES 1215 C. DOMAIN NAMES 1216 D. TITLES
1216 E. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 1216 F. PLANT VARIETIES 1216 § 10.
INFRINGEMENT PROCEEDINGS 1217 A. ORDINARY PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT
1217 B. INTERIM INJUNCTIONS AND RELIEF 1217 I. INJUNCTIONS 1217 II.
SEARCH ORDERS (ANTON PILLER ORDER) 1218 III. NORWICH PHARMACAL ORDERS
1219 IV. FREEZING ASSETS (MARVEA INJUNCTION) 1220 C. PROCEEDINGS BEFORE
THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE 1220 I TABLE OF CONTENTS D. THE VALUE
OF A BRAND 1231 I. THE FINANCIAL VALUE OF A BRAND 1232 IL MEASUREMENT OF
BRAND EFFECTIVENESS 1232 E. THE GLOBAL CONTEXT 1232 I. COMPETIITON 1232
II. CONSOLIDATION 1233 III. CULTURAL DIVERSITY OF MARKETS 1233 IV.
SUSTAINABLE ADVANTAGE THROUGH BRANDS 1233 § 3. INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL
BRANDS 1235 A. ORIGINS AND CULTURE 1235 I. AMERICAN GLOBAL BRANDS 1235
II. COUNTRY OF ORIGIN 1235 III. THINGS TO AVOID 1236 IV. CHARACTERISTICS
OF SUCCESSFUL INTERNATIONAL BRANDS 1236 B. BRAND STRATEGY AND STRUCTURE
1237 I. THE NATURE OF THE BUSINESS 1237 II. THE BUSINESS AIMS 1238 III.
THE CORPORATE STRUCTURE 1238 §4. TRADEMARKS 1240 A. DEFINITION OF A
TRADEMARK 1240 B. WHAT A TRADEMARK SHOULD DO 1240 I. DIFFERENTIATION
1241 II. THE GENERAL BACKGROUND 1241 III. THE SPECIFIC AREA 1242 IV.
RELEVANCE IN ALL MARKETS 1242 V. CONVEYING SUBJECTIVE QUALITIES 1242 VI.
RECOGNISABILITY AND MEMORABILITY 1242 VII. UNIQUENESS AND
UNMISTAKABILITY 1242 VIII. REPRODUCTION AND OTHER PRACTICAL CONCERNS
1243 IX. PREDICTED PERIOD OF USE 1243 C. TYPES AND CATEGORIES 1244 I.
NAMES 1244 II. DESIGN 1245 D. CREATING A TRADEMARK 1247 I. THE
NAME-FINDING PROCESS 1247 II. THE DESIGN PROCESS 1249 § 1287 TABLE OF
CONTENTS § 5. MODELS FOR BRAND VALUATION 1270 A. METHODOLOGY 1270 B.
COST-BASED VALUATION MODELS 1271 C. MARKET BASED VALUATION MODELS 1271
D. PRICE PREMIUM VALUATION MODELS 1272 E. INDICATOR-BASED VALUATION
MODELS 1272 F. MULTIPLIER-BASED VALUATION PROCESSES 1273 G. CAPITALIZED
VALUATION PROCESSES 1273 § 6. SELECTED BRAND VALUATION MODELS OF
COMMERCIAL SUPPLIERS 1275 A. AC NIELSEN BRAND PERFORMANCE 1275 B. BRAND
RATING 1277 C. BBDO/ERNST & YOUNG BRAND EQUITY VALUATION FOR ACCOUNTING
(BEVA) 1278 D. INTERBRAND MODEL 1279 E. KPMG MODEL 1280 F. PWC/GFK
ADVANCED BRAND VALUATION 1281 G. SEMION BRAND EVALUATION MODEL 1282 § 7.
BRAND VALUATION IN BUSINESS PRACTICE 1284 § 8. CONCLUSION 1286
BIBLIOGRAPHY
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Lange, Paul |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | p l pl |
| author_GND | (DE-588)13044250X |
| author_facet | Lange, Paul |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV025569690 |
| classification_rvk | PU 1547 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)642323408 (DE-599)BVBBV025569690 |
| dewey-full | 340.9488 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 340 - Law |
| dewey-raw | 340.9488 |
| dewey-search | 340.9488 |
| dewey-sort | 3340.9488 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV025569690 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-23T23:53:52Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783406578755 |
| language | German English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020168164 |
| oclc_num | 642323408 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 |
| physical | LV, 1287 S. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Beck |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | International trade mark and sign protection [a handbook] Internationaler Vergleich (DE-588)4120509-1 gnd Markenpolitik (DE-588)4144679-3 gnd Markenrecht (DE-588)4074580-6 gnd Internationales Markenrecht (DE-588)4743908-7 gnd Kennzeichenschutz (DE-588)4126491-5 gnd Markenschutz (DE-588)4168904-5 gnd Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4120509-1 (DE-588)4144679-3 (DE-588)4074580-6 (DE-588)4743908-7 (DE-588)4126491-5 (DE-588)4168904-5 (DE-588)4115712-6 |
| title | International trade mark and sign protection [a handbook] |
| title_alt | Internationales Handbuch des Marken- und Kennzeichenrechts |
| title_auth | International trade mark and sign protection [a handbook] |
| title_exact_search | International trade mark and sign protection [a handbook] |
| title_full | International trade mark and sign protection [a handbook] ed. by Paul Lange. Authors José de Oliveira Ascensão ... |
| title_fullStr | International trade mark and sign protection [a handbook] ed. by Paul Lange. Authors José de Oliveira Ascensão ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | International trade mark and sign protection [a handbook] ed. by Paul Lange. Authors José de Oliveira Ascensão ... |
| title_short | International trade mark and sign protection |
| title_sort | international trade mark and sign protection a handbook |
| title_sub | [a handbook] |
| topic | Internationaler Vergleich (DE-588)4120509-1 gnd Markenpolitik (DE-588)4144679-3 gnd Markenrecht (DE-588)4074580-6 gnd Internationales Markenrecht (DE-588)4743908-7 gnd Kennzeichenschutz (DE-588)4126491-5 gnd Markenschutz (DE-588)4168904-5 gnd Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Internationaler Vergleich Markenpolitik Markenrecht Internationales Markenrecht Kennzeichenschutz Markenschutz Rechtsvergleich |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020168164&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | UT internationaleshandbuchdesmarkenundkennzeichenrechts AT langepaul internationaltrademarkandsignprotectionahandbook AT ascensaojosedeoliveira internationaltrademarkandsignprotectionahandbook |