The Routledge handbook of tourism research
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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London [u.a.]
Routledge
2012
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| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge handbooks
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: The Routledge handbook of tourism research
Autor: Hsu, Cathy H. C
Jahr: 2012
Contents
List of figures Xvii
List of tables xix
Notes on the editors xxii
Notes on the contributors xxiii
Introduction Xxx
PARTI
Foundations for tourism research 1
1 An outline of the history of tourism theory: source material
(for future research) 3
Boris Vukonic
Introduction 3
Some basic introductory theoretical issues 3
Periodisation 5
The period of the phenomena which preceded the emergence of tourism 5
The later nineteenth century: the first real theoretical works on tourism 7
The beginning of the twentieth century to the end of the
First World War 8
The period between the two world wars 9
Period after the Second World War: a time of intense theoretical work 11
Instead of a conclusion 22
Bibliography 22
2 Modern mass tourism in China: some theoretical issues 28
Julio Aramberri
Yanjun Xie
The quickly awakening dragon 28
A truly great leap forward 29
Inbound tourism 29
Outbound tourism 31
Contents
Domestic tourism 31
Conclusion 33
A truly great cultural revolution 34
A different look 37
References 39
3 Remodelling the language of tourism: from monologue to dialogue
and trialogue 42
Graham M. S. Dann
Introduction: changes that have occurred within tourism and the
societies from which it is generated 42
Remodelling the language of tourism 44
Model 1: the language of tourism as monologue 44
Model 2: the language of tourism as dialogue 46
Model 3: the language of tourism as trialogue 50
Conclusion 51
References 52
4 Researching tourism distribution 54
Douglas G Pearce
Origins 54
Research design and methodology 56
Comparative analysis 58
Linking to the literatures 60
Emerging patterns 62
References 64
5 Impediments to international tourism: an exploration of issues
in five APEC economies 66
Stephen L.J. Smith
Introduction 66
APEC and tourism 67
Methods 68
The nature of impediments 70
Findings 70
Tourism-related policies and regulations 70
Safety and security issues 80
Administrative practices 81
Infrastructure 82
Environment and culture 82
Taxes 83
Travel advisories and the media 84
Political status of tourism 85
Contents
Recommendations for further research 85
Develop performance measures to assess progress towards Goal 3
of APEC s Tourism Charter 85
Measure tourism s contribution to government revenues 86
Develop initiatives to promote cultural tourism 86
Examine the implications of trade liberalization for tourism
statistics 87
Examine alternative tourism industry-government networking
structures 87
Develop case studies of effective media relations during times
of crisis 87
Examine tourism impediments in other economies 88
Acknowledgements 89
References 89
PART II
Implications for destination management 91
6 Assessing the impact of forecast combination on tourism demand
forecasting accuracy 93
Haiyan Song
Kevin K. F. Wong
Stephen F. Witt
Introduction 93
Economic factors and data 94
Methodology 96
Seasonal ARIMA 96
Autoregressive distributed lag model (ADLM) 96
Error correction model (ECM) 97
VAR model 98
Forecasting error 98
Combination methods and empirical results 99
Encompassing test and forecasting performance 102
Conclusion i07
References 108
1 Comparative tourism shocks 110
Lindsay W.Turner
Chaujo Vu
Stephen F.Witt
Introduction 110
Objective 110
Data 112
vii
Contents
Analysis 113
Implications 115
Conclusion 118
References 119
8 Why the public should pay for tourism marketing: a public economics
perspective 120
Egon Smeral
Introduction 120
Justification of public involvement in tourism marketing 120
General 120
External effects 122
Information deficits 124
Transaction costs 126
Overall economic efficiency of public involvement in tourism marketing 126
General 126
Effects of tourism marketing 126
Tourism s effects on value added, employment and growth 127
Conclusion 130
Notes 131
References 131
9 The role of individuals in the development and popularization of tourist
destinations 132
Richard Butler
Roslyn Russell
Introduction 132
Agents of change 133
Types of entrepreneur 135
Phase-changing entrepreneurship 135
Organic entrepreneurship 135
Grand-scale entrepreneurs 136
Serendipitous entrepreneurs 136
Revitalizing entrepreneurs 136
The role of personalities and royalty in tourism: the Scottish Highlands
as a tourist destination 137
Sir Walter Scott as a serendipitous entrepreneur and promoter 138
The environment for tourism development in the Highlands 139
Cumulative influences: royalty as re-enforcers 140
Reinforcement of image in the twenty-first century 140
Conclusions and implications: the role of entrepreneurs and re-enforcers in
tourism destination development 142
Bibliography 143
Contents
10 Home away from home: a research agenda for examining the resort
community second home industry in Colorado 145
Patrick T. Long
Richard R. Perdue
Linda Venturoni
Introduction 145
Characteristics of the study region 146
Study components and early results 148
Typology of second homes 148
Survey of second homeowners and residents 150
Economic base analysis 151
Summary and future research agenda 152
Notes 154
References 154
PART III
Planning for tourism development 157
11 Planning sponsored tourism research: an investigation about its
structure and trend 159
Honggang Xu
Jigang Bao
Botao Su
Introduction 159
Background of academic-dominated tourism planning 160
Demand for tourism plans 160
Shortage of tourism planner professionals 160
Chances for geographers to play a major role in the tourism
plan market 160
Observed patterns of tourism plans undertaken by academic 161
Accumulation of tourism planning theories and cases 161
Growth of tourism geography 162
Planning sponsored funds for the research 162
Dominance of tourism planning and development of
postgraduate studies 164
Triple role of research-planning-teaching 164
A system dynamics model 165
Challenges faced by planning sponsored research in the new era 167
Changes of tourism plans from demand side 167
Growth of tourism planners 167
Pressure for academic planners to focus on academic
research 168
Contents
Conclusion and discussion 169
References 169
12 Perspectives on tourism planning in China 171
Yang Wang
Geoffrey Wall
The nature of planning 111
Evolution of Western tourism planning 171
Objectives and evidence 111
Tourism planning and development in China 118
Rural communities in China 182
Participation: can it improve poor people s lives? 183
The participatory spiral 187
Conclusions 189
Bibliography 191
13 Nurturing social license to operate through corporate-civil society
relationships in tourism destinations 196
Peter W Williams
Alison M. Gill
Julia Marcoux
NaXu
Introduction 196
Corporate-community stakeholder framework 196
Stakeholder theory 197
Resource-based view of firm 197
Corporate environmentalism and social responsibility 197
Social license to operate 198
Corporate-tourism destination stakeholder model 198
Evolving corporate-civil society relationships in Whistler, BC 200
Case study context 201
Intrawest s evolving corporate environmentalism 201
Stakeholder management 202
Evolving corporate engagement with AWARE 203
Drivers of corporate-ENGO engagement 203
Engagement strategies 204
Perceived benefits of stakeholder engagement 201
Discussion 208
Connection to place 209
Corporate-community stakeholder entanglement 209
Community trust and respect 209
Evolving structures and actions 209
Appropriate tension 210
Contents
Conclusions 210
Communication 211
Power 212
Networking 212
Transferability 212
References 212
14 A consensus-building approach for optimizing tourism as a sustainable
development strategy: the case of the tourism policy forum 215
Donald E. Hawkins
Sheryl Marie Elliott
Introduction 215
Methodology and consensus building approach 219
Step 1: Review of literature and identification of themes 219
Step 2: Expert panel and the Delphi method 220
Step 3: Gap analysis and importance/performance measurement 221
Step 4: Tourism Policy Forum 223
Step 5: Issue prioritization, recommendations and implementation
framework 223
Step 6: Policy declaration 225
Step 7: Encourage aid donors and recipients to evaluate programs and
contribute to DANTEI 226
Conclusion 221
Annex 1 228
Decentralized governance and capacity building 228
Rural development 228
SME (small and medium-sized enterprises) development and
competitiveness 228
Natural resource and protected area management 228
Cultural heritage preservation 228
Foreign direct investment and enabling environments 229
Strategic assessment, planning and implementation 229
Market access and export development 229
Notes 229
References 229
15 Exploring social representations of tourism: analysing drawings
of tourism 231
Gianna Moscardo
Analysing visual images in tourism 231
Visual images and tourism representations 231
Destination marketing research 232
Contents
Social representations theory 233
Central role of visual imagery 233
Linking individual and social levels of analysis 233
Using social representations theory in tourism 234
Exploring social representations of tourism through an analysis of
drawings 235
The sample 235
The method 236
Content analysing the images 236
Elements of the drawings of tourism 231
Some future research directions 242
Community preparedness for tourism 245
Destination branding 245
Sources of information for tourists representations of destinations and
hosts 246
References 246
PART IV
Human capital for tourism development 249
16 Tourism, migration and human capital: knowledge and skills at the
intersection of flows 251
Allan M. Williams
Introduction 251
Labour and tourism production 252
Forms of knowledge and knowledge transfer 254
Migration and knowledge transfer 256
Rethinking the role of migration in tourism labour 258
Travelling professional workers 260
Migrant tourism workers 260
Conclusions and research agenda 261
References 262
17 Reflections on the social construction of skills in hospitality:
preliminary findings from comparative international studies 265
Tom Baum
Frances Devine
Hanan Kattara
Hai-yan Kong
Wilson Osoro
Rivanda Meira Teixeira
Kong-Yew Wong
Contents
Introduction 265
Skills and the hospitality sector 266
Methodology 269
Preliminary findings 210
Who are the front office employees? 270
Front office employees and their education 271
Working experience of front office employees 271
Perspectives of work in hotel front office 273
Importance of specific skills within front office work 275
Conclusions 211
References 218
18 Stewardship in family businesses: implications for sustainable tourism 280
Donald Getz
Lyn Batchelor
Introduction 280
Family business studies in tourism 281
The tourist experience 281
The community 282
Business viability 282
Destination competitiveness 282
Environmental responsibility 282
Values and family businesses 283
Stewardship 283
Case study of O Reilly s Rainforest Guesthouse 284
Profile of the business 285
The O Reilly family survey 286
Conclusions 288
Antecedents 288
The meaning of stewardship in family businesses 289
Implications for family business and sustainable tourism 290
Acknowledgements 291
References 291
PARTV
Emerging forms of tourism 293
19 Entertainment science and new directions for tourism research 295
Philip L. Pearce
Introduction 295
Entertainment 295
Entertainment science 291
Contents
Entertainment science and rethinking tourism 298
Entertainment: ownership and production 300
Entertainment and the consumer 302
Entertainment and employment 304
Frameworks for entertainment science research 305
References 306
20 Major trends in contemporary tourism 310
Erik Cohen
Introduction 310
Tourism and modernity 311
Tourism and postmodernity 313
The post-tourist s quest for distinction 314
The mass tourist s quest for fantasy 316
Extreme tourism on the expanding margins 318
Conclusion 321
References 322
21 Resort management analysis: current and future directions 324
Peter Murphy
Introduction 324
Resorts and theoretical developments 321
Describe and classify 327
Explain 328
Predict and forecast 329
Challenges of resort management 330
Resort management analysis: current challenges 333
Resort management analysis:future challenges 334
Summary 336
References 331
22 Developments in space tourism: current and future research 339
Geoffrey I. Crouch
Timothy Devinney
Jordan J. Louviere
Introduction 339
Marketing research imperatives 340
Towards the commercialization of space tourism 341
Market demand and customer behaviour: what do we know so far? 341
Wliat do we need to know? 343
How can we find out? 344
Pilot-testing the approach 345
Contents
The process 345
Hypothetical choice scenarios 346
Overview of preliminary results from the pilot 346
Conclusions 349
Acknowledgements 351
Appendix 1 350
Appendix 2 354
References 355
PART VI
Insights into tourism evolution 357
23 Global touristscapes in a rainforest: ecotourism in Sabah, Malaysia 359
Shinji Yamashita
Introduction 359
Tourism development in Sabah 360
Ecotourism planned 362
Ecotourists in Sabah 365
Ecotourism observed 366
Wildlife watching tours at Sukau on the Kinabatangan river basin 366
Diving into the coral seas at the islands of Mabul and Sipadan 368
Homestay program: a possibility of community-based ecotourism 369
Conclusion 310
Notes 311
References 3 72
24 Tourism in post-socialist countries of south-eastern Europe: trends
and challenges 373
Anton Gosar
Introduction 313
South-eastern Europe: geography, economy and politics 315
Tourism in south-eastern Europe 311
Case study: Croatia - strengthening the image and dealing with
new challenges 382
Conclusion 389
References 390
25 Landscape as theme park: tourist consumption and identity of
place in contemporary Japan under conditions of rapid demographic
change 392
Malcolm Cooper
Jeremy S. Eades
Contents
Introduction 392
Globalization, change and regional development in Japan 394
Tourism development and life in provincial and rural Japan 397
Discussion and conclusion 400
References 404
26 Interviews with mainland Chinese seniors on their motivations for
leisure travel 406
Cathy H. C. Hsu
Kevin K. E Wong
LipingA. Cai
Introduction 406
Methodology and data 408
Results 409
Intrinsic desires 409
Supporting external circumstances 413
Observations and discussion 414
Conclusion 415
Acknowledgments 416
References 416
Index 418
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