Concepts of genetics
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Glenview, Ill. [u.a.]
Scott, Foresman and Co.
1986
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| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819711724632145920 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | William S Klug
Trenton Stale College at Hillvvood I xikes
Michael R Cummings
University of Illinois, Chicago
CONCEPTS OF GENETICS
Second Edition
Merrill Publishing Company
A Bell amp; I-lowell Company
Columbus Toronto London Sydney
BRIEF CONTENTS
Chapter 1
An Introduction to Genetics 1
PART ONE
HEREDITY AND PHENOTYPE
Chapter 2
Mitosis and Meiosis: Transmission of Genetic
Information 12
Chapter 3
Mendelian Genetics: Transmission of Genes
Controlling Traits 35
Chapter 4
Modifications of Mendelian Ratios: Allelic and Gene
Interactions 57
Chapter 5
Sex Determination, Sex Differentiation, and Sex
Linkage 83
Chapter 6
Linkage, Crossing Over, and Chromosome
Mapping 111
Chapter 7
Quantitative Inheritance, Phenotypic Expression, and
Heritability 149
PART TWO
DNA—THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF
HEREDITY
Chapter 8
DNA—The Genetic Material 168
Chapter 9
Nucleic Acids: Structure and Analysis 182
Chapter 10
Replication and Synthesis of DNA 209
Chapter 11
The Organization of DNA in Chromosomes 232
PART THREE
GENETIC VARIATION
Chapter 12
Variations in Chromosome Number and
Arrangement 262
Chapter 13
Mutation and Mutagenesis 291
Chapter 14
Bacterial and Viral Genetics 323
Chapter 15
Extrachromosomal Inheritance 363
xiv Brief Contents
PART FOUR
GENE STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND
REGULATION
Chapter 16
Genes and Proteins 380
Chapter 17
The Genetic Code 405
Chapter 18
Synthesis of RNA and Protein: Transcription and
Translation 422
Chapter 19
Gene Structure and Organization 451
Chapter 20
Recombinant DNA: Technology and
Applications 481
Chapter 21
Genetic Regulation 500
PART FIVE
GENETICS OF ORGANISMS AND
POPULATIONS
Chapter 22
The Role of Genes in Development 532
Chapter 23
Somatic Cell Genetics 554
Chapter 24
Genes and Behavior 576
Chapter 25
The Genetics of Populations 597
Chapter 26
Genetics and Evolution 616
Appendix A
Experimental Methods 642
Appendix B
Human Genetic Disorders 649
Appendix C
Answers to Selected Problems 656
Glossary 669
Name Index 686
Subject Index 691
CONTENTS
Chapter 1
An Introduction to Genetics 1
Basic Concepts of Genetics 2
Investigative Approaches in Genetics 4
The Significance of Genetics in Society 5
PART ONE
HEREDITY AND PHENOTYPE
Chapter 2
Mitosis and Meiosis: Transmission of
Genetic Information 12
Cell-Structure 12
Homologous Chromosomes, Haploidy, and
Diploidy 16
Mitosis 18
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction 26
Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis 29
The Significance of Meiosis 30
Summary and Conclusions 31
Chapter 3
Mendelian Genetics: Transmission of
Genes Controlling Traits 35
Gregor Mendel 36
The Monohybrid Cross 36
The Dihybrid Cross 41
The Trihybrid Cross 43
The Rediscovery and Reinterpretation of Mendel s
Work 45
Independent Assortment and Genetic Variation 48
Evaluating Genetic Data: Chi-Square Analysis 48
Human Pedigrees 51
Summaiy and Conclusions 53
Chapter 4
Modification of Mendelian Ratios: Allelic
and Gene Interactions 57
Potential Function of an Allele 58
Symbols for Alleles 58
Incomplete or Partial Dominance 59
Codominance 60
xvi Contents
Multiple Alleles 60
Lethal Alleles 66
Combinations of Two Gene Pairs 68
Gene Interaction 70
Summary and Conclusions 77
Chapter 5
Sex Determination, Sex Differentiation,
and Sex Linkage 83
Representative Modes of Sexual Differentiation 84
Heteromorphic Chromosomes and Sex
Determination 88
Chromosome Ratios in Drosophila: Another Mode of
Sex Determination 91
Genes on the X Chromosome: Sex Linkage 93
Sex Determination in Humans 95
The X Chromosome and Dosage Compensation 102
Sex-Limited and Sex-Influenced Inheritance 104
Summary and Conclusions 105
Chapter 6
Linkage, Crossing Over, and
Chromosome Mapping 111
Linkage vs Independent Assortment 112
Incomplete Linkage, Crossing Over, and~Chromosome
Mapping 115
Other Aspects of Genetic Exchange 129
Why Didn t Mendel Find Linkage? 140
Summary and Conclusions 140
Chapter 7
Quantitative Inheritance, Phenotypic
Expression, and Heritability 149
Quantitative Inheritance: Polygenes 150
Analysis of Polygenic Traits 155
Phenotypic Expression 157
Summary and Conclusions 162
PART TWO
DNA—THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF
HEREDITY
Chapter 8
DNA—The Genetic Material 168
Characteristics of the Genetic Material 168
Protein as the Genetic Material 169
Experimental Evidence for DNA: Experiments with
Prokaryotes and Viruses 170
Circumstantial Evidence for DNA: Eukaryotic
Data 176
Direct Evidence for DNA: Eukaryotic Data 177
RNA as the Genetic Material 179
Summary and Conclusions 179
Chapter 9
Nucleic Acids: Structure and
Analysis 182
The Nucleotide: The Basic Unit 183
Nucleoside Diphosphates and Triphosphates 184
Polynucleotides 184
The Structure of DNA 185
A-, B-, C-, D-, and E-DNA 192
Z-DNA 194
The Structure of RNA 196
Analysis of Nucleic Acids 197
Summary and Conclusions 205
Chapter 10
Replication and Synthesis of DNA 209
The Mode of DNA Replication 209
Replication and Unwinding 214
Synthesis of DNA in Microorganisms 216
Other Aspects of DNA Synthesis 221
DNA Synthesis—A Tentative Model 224
Genetic Control of Replication 224
Eukaryotic DNA Synthesis 226
DNA Recombination 226
Summary and Conclusions 228
Contents xvii
Chapter 11
The Organization of DNA in
Chromosomes 232
Viral and Bacterial Chromosomes 233
Eukaiyotic Chromosomes: Gross Structure 236
Eukaiyotic Chromosomes: Molecular
Organization 243
Eukaiyotic Chromosomes: Electron Microscopic
Observations 247
Heterochromatin 250
Summaiy and Conclusions 256
PART THREE
GENETIC VARIATION
Chapter 12
Variations in Chromosome Number and
Arrangement 262
Variation in Chromosome Number 263
Aneuploidy 263
Polyploidy and Its Origins 269
Significance of Variation in Chromosome
Number 272
Variation in Chromosome Structure and
Arrangement 272
Deletions or Deficiencies— 272
Duplications 274
Inversions 277
Translocations 279
Fragile Sites in Humans 284
Summaiy and Conclusions 286
Chapter 13
Mutation and Mutagenesis 291
Classification of Mutations 292
Detection of Mutation 293
Spontaneous Mutation Rate 297
The Molecular Basis of Mutation 300
Radiation Safety 311
Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens 314
Mutator Genes 317
Summaiy and Conclusions 318
Chapter 14
Bacterial and Viral Genetics 323
Bacterial Growth 324
Mutation in Bacteria 325
Genetic Exchange and Recombination in
Bacteria 330
Bacterial Conjugation 331
Plasmids, Insertion Sequences, and Transposons 339
Bacterial Transformation 342
Transduction: Virus-Mediated Bacterial
Recombination 344
Viral Genetics 348
Summaiy and Conclusions 357
Chapter 15
Extrachromosomal Inheritance 363
Maternal Influence 363
Organelle Heredity 365
Infectious Heredity 372
Summaiy and Conclusions 375
PART FOUR
GENE STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND
REGULATION
Chapter 16
Genes and Proteins 380
Garrod and Bateson: Inborn Errors of Metabolism and
Enzymes 381
The One-Gene: One-Enzyme Hypothesis 383
One-Gene: One-Protein/One-Gene: One-
Polypeptide 387
Colinearity 391
Protein Structure and Function 391
Summaiy and Conclusions 400
xviii Contents
Chapter 17
The Genetic Code 405
An Overview of the Genetic Code 406
Early Proposals: Gamow s Code 406
The Code: Further Developments 407
Deciphering the Code: Initial Studies 409
The Coding Dictionary 414
Confirmation of Code Studies: Phage MS2 415
Universality of the Code? 416
Reading the Code: The Case of Overlapping
Genes 417
Summaiy and Conclusions 417
Chapter 18
Synthesis of RNA and Protein:
Transcription and Translation 422
Transcription: RNA Synthesis 423
Translation: Protein Synthesis 427
Transcription and Translation in Eukarvotes 439
Summaiy and Conclusions 446
Chapter 19
Gene Structure and Organization 451
Fine Structure Analysis of thg_Gene 452
The Molecular Organization of the Eukaiyotic
Gene 459
Complex Multigene Families 466
Transposable Elements in Eukaiyotes 472
Summaiy and Conclusions 475
Chapter 20
Recombinant DNA: Technology and
Applications 481
Recombinant DNA Technology: An Overview 482
Libraiy Construction 485
Selection of Recombinant Clones 486
Characterization of Cloned Sequences 488
The Recombinant DNA Debate 490
Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology 491
Summaiy and Conclusions 496
Chapter 21
Genetic Regulation 500
Genetic Regulation in Prokaiyotes: An Overview 501
Lactose Metabolism in E Coli: An Inducible Gene
System 501
The Case of the ARA Regulator Protein: Positive and
Negative Control of Induction 507
Tryptophan Metabolism in E Coli: A Repressible Gene
System 507
Genetic Regulation in Phage Lambda: Lysogeny or
Lysis? 511
Phage Transcription During Lysis 513
Regulation of Transcription in Eukarvotes 514
Processing Transcripts: Another Mode of Regulation
in Eukarvotes 520
Concepts of Regulation in Eukaiyotes: The
Thalassemias 521
Summaiy and Conclusions 522
PART FIVE
GENETICS OF ORGANISMS AND
POPULATIONS
Chapter 22
The Role of Genes in Development 532
The Use of Simple Models 533
The Variable Gene Activity Theory 535
Evidence of Differential Transcription in Specialized
Cells 537
What Causes Differential Transcription During
Development? 541
The Stability of the Differentiated State 546
Gene Activity During Amphibian Development 548
Summaiy and Conclusions 549
Contents xix
Chapter 23
Somatic Cell Genetics 554
The Production, Isolation, and Characteristics of
Somatic Cell Hybrids 555
The Application of Somatic Cell Hybridization to
Genetics 559
Summaiy and Conclusions 572
Chapter 24
Genes and Behavior 576
The Study of Behavior Genetics: Methodology 577
Comparative Approaches in Studying Behavior
Genetics 577
Single-Gene Effects on Behavior 581
Drosophila Behavior Genetics 591
Human Behavior Genetics 592
Summaiy and Conclusions 593
Chapter 25
The Genetics of Populations 597
Populations, Gene Pools, and Gene Frequencies 598
The Hardy-Weinberg Law 598
Factors That Alter Gene Frequencies 604
Summary and Conclusions 613
Chapter 26
Genetics and Evolution 616
Genetic Diversity and Speciation 617
Molecular Evolution 626
The Role of Mutation in Evolution 636
Summaiy and Conclusions 638
Appendix A
Experimental Methods 642
Appendix B
Human Genetic Disorders 649
Appendix C
Answers to Selected Problems 656
Glossary 669
Name Index 686
Subject Index 691
|
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| title | Concepts of genetics |
| title_auth | Concepts of genetics |
| title_exact_search | Concepts of genetics |
| title_full | Concepts of genetics William S. Klug ; Michael R. Cummings |
| title_fullStr | Concepts of genetics William S. Klug ; Michael R. Cummings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Concepts of genetics William S. Klug ; Michael R. Cummings |
| title_short | Concepts of genetics |
| title_sort | concepts of genetics |
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