Phase lock basics

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1. Verfasser: Egan, William F. (VerfasserIn)
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Veröffentlicht: Hoboken, N.J. Wiley-Interscience 2008
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adam_text PHASE-LOCK BASICS SECOND EDITION WILLIAM F. EGAN, PH.D. LECTURER IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SANTA CLARA UNIVERSITY IEEE THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, INC., NEW YORK BICINTINNI AU JI IN ; 1 8 0 7 JJ WILEY I 2 0 0 7 WILEY-INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION CONTENTS PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION XIX PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION XXI SYMBOLS LIST AND GLOSSARY XXV PART 1 PHASE LOCK WITHOUT NOISE 1 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 WHAT IS A PHASE-LOCKED LOOP (PLL)? / 3 1.2 WHY USE A PHASE-LOCKED LOOP? / 3 1.3 SCOPEOFTHISBOOK / 4 1.4 BASIC LOOP / 5 1.5 PHASE DEFINITIONS / 6 1.6 PHASE DETECTOR / 8 1.7 COMBINEDGAIN / 10 1.8 OPERATING RANGE / 11 1.9 UNITS AND THE LAPLACE VARIABLE S I 13 VUEI CONTENTS 2 THE BASIC LOOP 15 2.1 STEADY-STATE CONDITIONS / 15 2.2 CLASSICAL ANALYSIS / 16 2.2.1 TRANSIENT RESPONSE / 17 2.2.2 MODULATION RESPONSE / 19 2.3 MATHEMATICAL BLOCK DIAGRAM / 21 2.4 BODE PLOT / 24 2.5 NOTE ON PHASE REVERSAIS / 26 2.6 SUMMARY OF TRANSIENT RESPONSES OF THE FIRST-ORDER LOOP / 26 3 LOOP COMPONENTS 29 3.1 PHASE DETECTOR / 29 3.1.1 FLIP-FLOP PHASE DETECTOR / 29 3.1.2 EXCLUSIVE-OR GATE PHASE DETECTOR / 30 3.1.3 CHARGE-PUMP PHASE DETECTOR / 31 3.1.4 SINUSOIDAL PHASE DETECTOR / 33 3.1.4.1 PHASE DETECTION IN A SIMPLE MIXER / 34 3.1.4.2 BALANCED MIXERS / 35 3.1.4.3 ANALOG MULTIPLIERS / 39 3.1.4.4 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DOUBLY BALANCED MIXER / 40 3.2 VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR (VCO) / 41 3.3 LOOP FILTER / 44 3.3.1 PASSIVE LOOP FILTER / 45 3.3.2 FILTERS DRIVEN BY CURRENT SOURCES / 45 3.3.2.1 INTEGRATOR / 47 3.3.2.2 INTEGRATOR-AND-LEAD FILTER / 48 3.3.2.3 LAG (LOW-PASS) FILTER / 48 3.3.2.4 LAG-LEAD FILTER / 49 3.3.2.5 DC TRANSIMPEDANCE / 49 3.3.3 ACTIVE FILTERS / 51 3.3.3.1 OP-AMP CONSIDERATIONS / 52 3.3.3.2 UNINTENDED POLES / 53 3.3.3.3 REDUCING THE SIZE OFC/54 3.3.3.4 IMPRACTICAL LOOP FILTERS / 55 3.4 FILTER REFERENCE VOLTAGE / 55 3.5 NOTE ON THE FORM OF THE FILTER EQUATION / 56 3.6 CAPACITORS IN LOOP FILTERS / 56 3.7 HIGHER-ORDER FILTERS / 57 CONTENTS IX I3.A APPENDIX: INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DOUBLY BALANCED MIXER*DETAILS / 57 I3.B APPENDIX: OP-AMPS IN LOOP FILTERS / 57 4 LOOP RESPONSE 59 4.1 LOOP ORDER AND TYPE / 59 4.2 CLOSED-LOOP EQUATIONS / 60 4.3 OPEN-LOOP EQUATIONS*LAG-LEAD FILTER / 62 4.4 LOOP WITH A LAG FILTER / 65 4.5 LOOP WITH AN INTEGRATOR-AND-LEAD FILTER / 66 4.6 SUMMARY OF EQUATIONS / 67 4.7 UNITY-GAIN BANDWIDTH IN HIGHLY DAMPED LOOPS / 67 5 LOOP STABILITY 71 5.1 OBSERVING THE OPEN-LOOP RESPONSE / 71 5.2 METHODS OF STABILITY ANALYSIS AND MEASURES OF STABILITY / 72 5.2.1 BODEPLOT/73 5.2.2 NYQUISTPLOT / 74 5.2.3 EVANS PLOT (ROOT LOCUS) / 76 5.3 STABILITY OF VARIOUS PLL CONFIGURATIONS / 76 5.3.1 FIRST-ORDER LOOP / 77 5.3.2 SECOND-ORDER LOOP / 77 5.3.3 THIRD-ORDER LOOP / 77 5.3.4 CONTROLLING STABILITY OVER WIDE GAIN RANGES / 79 5.3.5 REPRESENTING DELAY / 80 5.4 COMPUTING OPEN-LOOP GAIN AND PHASE / 81 5.5 PHASE MARGIN VERSUS DAMPING FACTOR / 86 I5.M APPENDIX: STABILITY PLOTS USING MATLAB / 86 6 TRANSIENT RESPONSE 87 6.1 STEP RESPONSE / 87 6.1.1 FORM OF THE EQUATIONS / 87 6.1.2 STEP RESPONSE EQUATIONS / 89 6.2 ENVELOPE OF THE LONG-TERM STEP RESPONSE / 92 6.3 RESPONSE TO RAMP INPUT / 96 6.4 RESPONSE TO PARABOLIC INPUT / 98 6.5 OTHER RESPONSES / 100 6.6 NOTE ON UNITS FOR GRAPHS / 101 6.7 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT / 102 X CONTENTS 6.8 GENERAL LONG-TERM (STEADY-STATE) RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS / 102 6.9 OPEN-LOOP EQUATIONS IN TERMS OF CLOSED-LOOP PARAMETERS / 103 6.10 MORE COMPLEX LOOPS AND STATE-SPACE ANALYSIS / 103 6.10.1 BASIC EQUATIONS / 104 6.10.2 INITIAL CONDITIONS / 107 6.11 AN APPROXIMATE SOLUTION USING STATE-SPACE VARIABLES / 108 6.12 EFFECT OF AN ADDED POLE / 108 I6.M APPENDIX: TRANSIENT RESPONSES USING MATLAB / 109 7 MODULATION RESPONSE 111 7.1 PHASE AND FREQUENCY MODULATION / 111 7.2 MODULATION RESPONSES / 113 7.3 RESPONSES IN A FIRST-ORDER LOOP / 113 7.4 TRANSFER FUNCTIONS IN A SECOND-ORDER LOOP / 116 7.4.1 OUTPUT RESPONSE / 117 7.4.2 ERROR RESPONSE / 118 7.4.3 RESPONSES NEAR U L / 118 7.4.4 PHASE OR FREQUENCY AT INPUTS AND OUTPUTS / 119 7.5 TRANSIENT RESPONSES BETWEEN VARIOUS POINTS / 120 7.6 MAGNITUDE AND PHASE OF THE TRANSFER FUNCTIONS / 120 7.6.1 OUTPUT RESPONSES / 121 7.6.2 ERROR RESPONSES / 121 7.6.3 EFFECT OFOR / 122 7.6.4 RESPONSES FOR F 1 / 123 7.6.5 RESPONSES FOR 1 / 125 7.7 RELATED RESPONSES / 127 7.8 MODULATION AND DEMODULATION IN THE SECOND-ORDER LOOP / 128 7.8.1 FREQUENCY DEMODULATION / 128 7.8.2 PHASE DEMODULATION / 130 7.8.3 FREQUENCY MODULATION / 130 7.8.4 PHASE MODULATION / 131 7.8.5 EXTENDING THE MODULATION FREQUENCY RANGE / 131 7.8.5.1 FREQUENCY MODULATION / 131 7.8.5.2 PHASE MODULATION / 133 7.9 MEASUREMENT OF LOOP PARAMETERS FOR A * 0 OR 1 FROM MODULATION RESPONSES / 134 CONTENTS XI 7.10 EFFECT OF AN ADDED POLE / 134 7.M APPENDIX: MODULATION RESPONSE USING MATLAB / 135 8 ACQUISITION 137 8.1 OVERVIEW / 137 8.2 ACQUISITION AND LOCK IN A FIRST-ORDER LOOP / 141 8.2.1 TRANSIENT TIME / 143 8.2.2 ACQUISITION / 144 8.3 ACQUISITION FORMULAS FOR SECOND-ORDER LOOPS WITH SINE PHASE DETECTORS / 146 8.4 APPROXIMATE PULL-IN ANALYSIS / 149 8.4.1 BASIC EQUATIONS / 150 8.4.2 GENERAL ANALYSIS / 153 8.4.3 PULL-IN RANGE / 157 8.4.4 APPROXIMATE PULL-IN TIME / 158 8.5 PHASE-PLANE ANALYSIS / 161 8.6 PULL-OUT / 164 8.7 EFFECT OF OFFSETS / 164 8.8 EFFECT OFCOMPONENT SATURATION / 165 8.9 HANGUP / 166 8.10 SIMULATION OF THE NONLINEAR LOOP / 166 8.A APPENDIX: SUMMARY OF ACQUISITION FORMULAS FOR SECOND-ORDER LOOPS / 167 I8.M APPENDIX: NONLINEAR SIMULATION / 167 8.S APPENDIX: ACQUISITION SPREADSHEET / 167 8.V APPENDIX: SOME VALUES IN TERMS OF A, {,, AND A * I 167 9 ACQUISITION AIDS 171 9.1 COHERENT DETECTION*LOCK INDICATOR / 171 9.1.1 DURING ACQUISITION / 172 9.1.2 DURING SWEEP, LOCKED LOOP / 173 9.2 CHANGING LOOP PARAMETERS TEMPORARILY / 174 9.2.1 COHERENT AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL / 174 9.2.2 FILTER MODIFIKATION / 175 9.2.3 COMPARISON OF TWO TYPES OF PARAMETER MODIFICATIONS / 176 9.3 AUTOMATIC TUNING OF C , FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATOR / 177 9.4 ACQUISITION AIDING LOGIC / 179 XUE CONTENTS 9.5 SWEEPING CO C , TYPE 2 LOOP / 180 9.5.1 MAXIMUM SWEEP SPEED, CLOSED-LOOP SWEEPING / 180 9.5.2 OPEN-LOOP SWEEPING / 181 9.5.3 COMBINED TECHNIQUES / 185 9.6 SWEEP CIRCUITS / 185 9.6.1 SWITCHED CURRENT SOURCE / 185 9.6.2 AUTOMATIC SWEEP CIRCUIT*SINUSOIDAL / 186 9.6.3 AUTOMATIC SWEEP CIRCUIT*NONSINUSOIDAL / 186 9.A APPENDIX: MAXIMUM SWEEP RATE, OPEN-LOOP VS. CLOSED-LOOP / 187 10 APPLICATIONS AND EXTENSIONS 189 10.1 HIGHER-ORDER LOOPS / 189 10.2 GENERALIZED VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR / 189 10.2.1 FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS, FREQUENCY DIVISION / 190 10.2.1.1 STABILITY / 191 10.2.1.2 TRANSIENT RESPONSE / 191 10.2.1.3 RESPONSE TO NOISE / 192 10.2.2 HETERODYNING (FREQUENCY MIXING) / 192 10.3 LONG LOOP / 193 10.4 CARRIER RECOVERY / 195 10.4.1 BIPHASE COSTAS LOOP / 195 10.4.2 JV-PHASE COSTAS LOOP / 196 10.4.3 MULTIPLY AND DIVIDE / 196 10.5 DATA SYNCHRONIZATION / 197 10.5.1 EARLY-LATE GATE BIT SYNCHRONIZER / 197 10.5.2 SYNCHRONIZING TO A PSEUDORANDOM BIT SEQUENCE / 198 10.5.3 DELAY-AND-MULTIPLY SYNCHRONIZER / 200 10.6 CLOCK AND DATA TIMING CONTROL / 200 10.6.1 PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS / 200 10.6.2 DELAY-LOCKED LOOPS / 202 10.6.2.1 FOR CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION / 202 10.6.2.2 FOR DATA SYNCHRONIZATION / 203 10.6.3 COMBINED LOOPS / 204 10.7 ALL-DIGITAL PHASE-LOCKED LOOP (ADPLL) / 204 10.7.1 BASIC DIGITAL IMPLEMENTATION / 205 10.7.1.1 THE LOOP/ 205 10.7.1.2 SAMPLING AND STABILITY / 206 CONTENTS XUEI 10.7.1.3 CHOICE OFVALUES / 209 10.7.1.4 HIGHER-ORDERLOOPS / 210 10.7.2 OA, NCO,DDS / 211 10.7.3 IMPLEMENTING AN ADPLL BY PULSE ADDITION AND REMOVAL / 212 10.7.3.1 TRANSFER FUNCTION / 213 10.7.3.2 TUNING RANGE / 214 10.8 SUMMARY / 214 10.A APPENDIX: EXACT ANALYSIS OF A SPECIAL-CASE THIRD-ORDER LOOP / 215 10.A.1 LOOP RESPONSE / 217 10.A.2 FINAL VALUES / 219 10.A.3 TRIPLEROOTS / 220 10.A.4 STEP RESPONSE / 220 10.A.5 MODULATION RESPONSE / 224 ILO.B APPENDIX: COSTAS LOOP FORNPHASES / 227 ILO.C APPENDIX: SYMBOL CLOCK RECOVERY / 227 ILO.D APPENDIX: ADPLL BY PULSE ADDITION AND REMOVAL, ADDITIONAL MATERIAL / 228 10.F APPENDIX: FRACTIONAL-/V AND SIGMA-DELTA / 228 ILO.M APPENDIX: MATLAB SIMULATIONS / 228 ILO.T APPENDIX: COMBINED PLL AND DLL / 229 PART 2 PHASE LOCK IN NOISE 11 PHASE MODULATION BY NOISE 233 11.1 REPRESENTATION OF NOISE MODULATION / 233 11.2 PROCESSING OF NOISE MODULATION BY THE PHASE-LOCKED LOOP / 236 11.3 PHASE AND FREQUENCY VARIANCE / 237 11.4 TYPICAL OSCILLATOR SPECTRUMS / 238 11.5 LIMITS ON THE NOISE SPECTRUM*INFINITE VARIANCES / 240 11.6 POWER SPECTRUM / 242 11.6.1 SPECTRUM FOR SMALL M I 242 11.6.2 SINGLE-SIDEBAND DENSITY / 243 11.6.3 WHEN IS THE MODULATION SMALL? / 245 11.6.4 MODIFICATION OF SPECTRAL SHAPE AT HIGHER MODULATION INDEX / 246 11.6.5 SCRIPTA/ 247 XJV CONTENTS 11.7 FREQUENCY MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION / 247 11.8 OTHER REPRESENTATIONS / 248 ILL.H SHAPE OF OUTPUT SPECTRUM / 249 1 L.S APPENDIX: SPREADSHEETS FOR INTEGRATING DENSITIES / 249 12 RESPONSE TO PHASE NOISE 251 12.1 PROCESSING OF REFERENCE PHASE NOISE / 251 12.2 PROCESSING OFVCO PHASE NOISE / 254 12.3 HARMFUL EFFECT OF PHASE NOISE IN RADIO RECEIVERS / 255 12.4 SUPERPOSITION / 256 12.5 OPTIMUM LOOP WITH BOTH INPUT AND VCO NOISE / 257 12.6 MULTIPLE LOOPS / 260 12.7 EFFECTS OF NOISE INJECTED ELSEWHERE / 260 12.8 MEASURING PHASE NOISE / 261 12.8.1 USING A PHASE DETECTOR / 263 12.8.1.1 CALIBRATION / 263 12.8.1.2 OBTAINING A MEASUREMENT REFERENCE / 265 12.8.2 USING A FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATOR / 269 12.8.3 USING A SPECTRUM ANALYZER OR RECEIVER / 270 13 REPRESENTATION OF ADDITIVE NOISE 271 13.1 GENERAL / 271 13.2 PHASE MODULATION ON THE SIGNAL / 273 13.3 MULTIPLICATIVE MODULATION ON QUADRATURE CARRIERS / 275 13.4 NOISE AT THE PHASE DETECTOR OUTPUT / 276 13.5 RESTRICTIONS ON THE NOISE MODELS / 277 13.6 DOES THE LOOP LOCK TO THE ADDITIVE NOISE? / 280 13.7 OTHER TYPES OF PHASE DETECTORS IN THE PRESENCE OF NOISE / 281 13.7.1 TRIANGULAER CHARACTERISTIC / 282 13.7.2 SAWTOOTH CHARACTERISTIC / 283 13.8 MODIFIED PHASE DETECTOR CHARACTERISTIC WITH PHASE NOISE / 283 IL3.A APPENDIX: DECOMPOSITION OF A SINGLE SIDEBAND / 286 14 LOOP RESPONSE TO ADDITIVE NOISE 287 14.1 NOISE BANDWIDTH / 287 14.2 SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO IN THE LOOP BANDWIDTH / 290 14.3 LOOP OPTIMIZATION IN THE PRESENCE OF NOISE / 291 14.3.1 THE PROBLEM / 292 CONTENTS XV 14.3.2 MEASURES TO BE USED / 292 14.3.3 OPTIMUM LOOP FOR A PHASE STEP INPUT / 293 14.3.4 OPTIMUM LOOP FOR A FREQUENCY STEP INPUT / 294 14.3.5 OPTIMUM LOOP FOR A FREQUENCY RAMP INPUT / 294 IL4.A APPENDIX: INTEGRATION OF EQ. (6.4A) / 296 IL4.B APPENDIX: LOOP OPTIMIZATION IN THE PRESENCE OF NOISE / 296 15 PHASE-LOCKED LOOP AS A DEMODULATOR 297 15.1 PHASE DEMODULATION / 297 15.1.1 NOISE / 297 15.1.2 DISTORTIONOFTHEDEMODULATED SIGNAL / 299 15.1.3 DEMODULATION WITH A LINEAR PHASE DETECTOR CHARACTERISTIC / 300 15.2 FREQUENCY DEMODULATION, BANDWIDTH SET BY A FILTER / 301 15.3 FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATOR, FIRST-ORDER LOOP / 305 15.4 FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATOR, SECOND-ORDER LOOP / 306 15.5 EXPECTED PHASE ERROR / 307 15.6 SUMMARY OF FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATOR S/N I 308 15.7 STANDARD DISCRIMINATOR AND CLICK NOISE / 310 15.8 CLICKS WITH A PLL / 313 15.9 NOISE IN A CARRIER RECOVERY LOOP / 314 15.C APPENDIX: SPECTRUM OF CLICKS / 316 15.E APPENDIX: ERFC / 317 16 PARAMETER VARIATION DUE TO NOISE 319 16.1 PREVIEW / 319 16.1.1 AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL (AGC) / 319 16.1.2 LIMITER / 320 16.1.3 DRIVING THE PHASE DETECTOR HARD FROM THE SIGNAL / 321 16.1.4 EFFECTS OF VARIATIONS / 322 16.2 AGC / 322 16.2.1 TYPES OF DETECTORS / 322 16.2.2 SQUARE-LAW DETECTION / 323 16.3 LIMITER / 325 16.3.1 LIMITING IN THE PRESENCE OF SMALL NOISE / 325 16.3.2 LIMITING IN THE PRESENCE OF LARGE NOISE / 326 16.4 EFFECTS OF GAIN VARIATION ON LOOP PARAMETERS / 329 XVI CONTENTS 16.5 EFFECT OF AGC OR LIMITER ON AN OPTIMIZED LOOP / 331 16. A APPENDIX: MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTIONS / 333 17 CYCLE SKIPPING DUE TO NOISE 335 17.1 PHASE / 336 17.1.1 FOKKER-PLANK METHOD / 336 17.1.1.1 ASSUMPTION REGARDING THE NATURE OFTHE NOISE / 337 17.1.1.2 FIRST-ORDER LOOP / 337 17.1.1.3 SECOND-ORDER LOOP / 339 17.1.2 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS / 341 17.1.3 SIMULATION / 342 17.1.3.1 FIRST-ORDER AND A =0/342 17.1.3.2 SECOND-ORDER, HIGH-GAIN / 343 17.2 CYCLE SKIPPING, MEAN TIME / 347 17.2.1 FIRST-ORDER LOOP / 347 17.2.2 SECOND-ORDER LOOP, A = 0 / 348 17.2.3 SECOND-ORDER LOOP, A = 1/348 17.2.4 SECOND-ORDER LOOP, 0 A 1 / 350 17.2.5 PROBABILITY OF CYCLE SKIPPING IN A GIVEN TIME / 350 17.3 CYCLE SKIPPING, MEAN FREQUENCY / 350 17.4 CYCLE SKIPPING WITH MISTUNING / 353 17.4.1 EFFECT OFA I 353 17.4.2 COMPARISON TO OTHER RESULTS / 356 17.5 SUMMARY / 356 17.5.1 PHASE VARIANCE / 356 17.5.2 CYCLE SKIPPING / 357 17.5.3 SKIP FREQUENCY / 357 17.5.4 MISTUNING IN HIGH-GAIN LOOPS (F = 0.7) / 357 IL7.D APPENDIX: ADDITIONAL DATA / 357 U7.M APPENDIX: MATLAB SCRIPTS / 357 18 NONLINEAR OPERATION IN A LOCKED LOOP 359 18.1 NOTATION / 359 18.2 PHASE-DETECTOR OUTPUT M / 360 18.3 CHANGES IN THE OUTPUT SPECTRUM / 361 18.4 GAIN SUPPRESSION, QUASI-LINEAR APPROXIMATION / 361 18.4.1 BASICS / 363 CONTENTS XVUE 18.4.2 PHASE VARIANCE WITH ADDITIVE NOISE / 365 18.4.3 TRACKING THE CARRIER / 368 18.4.3.1 WITH PHASE MODULATION / 368 18.4.3.2 WITH PHASE MODULATION AND VCO NOISE / 369 18.4.4 EFFECT ON PHASE OFFSET / 372 18.4.4.1 WITH HIGH-FREQUENCY PHASE MODULATION / 372 18.4.4.2 WITH ADDITIVE NOISE / 373 18.4.4.3 WITH LIMITING / 375 18.4.5 SUMMARY OF SUPPRESSION / 375 IL8.S APPENDIX: ADDITIONAL OFFSET SIMULATION DATA / 376 ACQUISITION AIDS IN THE PRESENCE OF NOISE 377 19.1 SWEEPING WITH PIAIN CLOSED-LOOP / 377 19.1.1 MAXIMUM SWEEP RATE IN NOISE / 377 19.1.2 EFFECT OF INITIAL MISTUNING / 380 19.1.3 DETERMINING SUCCESSFUL ACQUISITION / 382 19.1.4 OPTIMUM SWEEP PARAMETERS / 383 19.2 REDUCTION OF COHERENT DETECTOR OUTPUT (CLOSED-LOOP SWEEPING) / 385 19.3 CLOSED-LOOP SWEEPING IN NOISE WITH COHERENT DETECTOR / 386 19.3.1 SUCCESSFUL ACQUISITION / 386 19.3.2 FALSE STOPS / 388 19.3.3 FALSE RESTART / 389 19.3.4 FALSE STOP VERSUS FALSE RESTART / 390 UE9.M APPENDIX: MATLAB SCRIPT, SWPI / 393 UE9.S APPENDIX: OPTIMUM SWEEP FOR A FIXED NOISE DENSITY / 393 BANDLIMITED NOISE 395 20.1 SIGNALS CENTERED IN A NOISE BAND / 395 20.1.1 CLICKS WITH A FIRST-ORDER PLL / 395 20.1.2 SIMULATION RESULTS COMPARED TO MEASURED DATA / 396 20.1.3 SKIPRATE / 398 20.1.4 OUTPUT PHASE VARIANCE / 403 20.1.5 EFFECT OF A LIMITER / 404 20.1.6 COMPARISON TO AGC / 406 20.1.7 HIGHER-ORDER LOOPS / 407 20.1.8 SUMMARY, SYMMETRICAL NARROWBAND NOISE / 407 20.2 ECCENTRIC SIGNALS / 407 20.2.1 EXPECTED PERFORMANCE / 408 XVIII CONTENTS 20.2.2 SIMULATING ECCENTRIC NOISE / 409 20.2.3 SOME SIMULATION RESULTS / 409 20.2.3.1 CYCLE SKIPPING / 410 20.2.3.2 PHASE OFFSET / 411 20.2.3.3 OUTPUT VARIANCE / 411 20.3 EXTENSION TO OTHER TYPES OF INTERFERENCE / 411 I20.M APPENDIX: MATLAB SCRIPTS / 413 I20.O APPENDIX: OFF SET INTERFERENCE DATA CORRELATION / 413 I20.S APPENDIX: BAND LIMITED SIMULATION DATA / 413 21 FURTHER INFORMATION 415 21.1 SOURCES FOR ADDITIONAL STUDIES IN PHASE LOCK / 415 21.2 SOURCES COVERING PHASE-LOCKED FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS / 416 2 LA APPENDIX: MODULATIONS AND SPECTRUMS / 416 21.B APPENDIX: GETTING FILES FROM THE WILEY INTERNET SITE / 421 REFERENCES INDEX 423 429
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author Egan, William F.
author_facet Egan, William F.
author_role aut
author_sort Egan, William F.
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building Verbundindex
bvnumber BV024628643
classification_rvk ZN 5510
ctrlnum (OCoLC)636837819
(DE-599)GBV549747087
discipline Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik
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id DE-604.BV024628643
illustrated Illustrated
indexdate 2024-07-09T22:03:22Z
institution BVB
isbn 9780470118009
language English
oai_aleph_id oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018600295
oclc_num 636837819
open_access_boolean
owner DE-83
owner_facet DE-83
physical XXX, 441 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm
publishDate 2008
publishDateSearch 2008
publishDateSort 2008
publisher Wiley-Interscience
record_format marc
spelling Egan, William F. Verfasser aut
Phase lock basics William F. Egan
Phase-lock basics
2. ed.
Hoboken, N.J. Wiley-Interscience 2008
XXX, 441 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm
txt rdacontent
n rdamedia
nc rdacarrier
Includes bibliographical references (p. 423-427) and index
Phasenregelkreis (DE-588)4174166-3 gnd rswk-swf
Phasenregelkreis (DE-588)4174166-3 s
DE-604
http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=209716 E-books (NetLibrary)
GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018600295&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle Egan, William F.
Phase lock basics
Phasenregelkreis (DE-588)4174166-3 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4174166-3
title Phase lock basics
title_alt Phase-lock basics
title_auth Phase lock basics
title_exact_search Phase lock basics
title_full Phase lock basics William F. Egan
title_fullStr Phase lock basics William F. Egan
title_full_unstemmed Phase lock basics William F. Egan
title_short Phase lock basics
title_sort phase lock basics
topic Phasenregelkreis (DE-588)4174166-3 gnd
topic_facet Phasenregelkreis
url http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=209716
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