Cultural conversations the presence of the past
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2001
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Cultural conversations |b the presence of the past |c [ed. by] Stephen Dilks ... |
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| adam_text | sity of New Orleans; Kurt Spellmeyer at Rutgers University; Ken Smith at
the University of Indiana-Bloomington; Jane Greer and Barbara Ryan at
University of Missouri-Kansas City; and Millard Baublitz, Jean Garrison,
Lauren Henry, Jenna Ivers, Sally Sommers-Smith, and Megan Sullivan at
the College of General Studies, Boston University. We also wish to ac-
knowledge the hard work of the staff of the Somerville Public Li-
brary, Massachusetts, and the Miller-Nichols Library at University of
Missouri-Kansas City. The editors wish to give special thanks to Dawn
Skorczewski of Emerson College for her help, encouragement, and inspira-
tion throughout the project.
At Bedford/St. Martin’s, Chuck Christensen and Joan Feinberg merit
our thanks for guiding this project with imaginative vision, offering help at
many points along the way. Steve Scipione worked with us during the ini-
tial stages of the project and kept a keen interest in it during development,
offering much sage advice. Our editor, John Sullivan, has earned our grati-
tude for his insight and guidance over the last several years. Karen Melton
and Brian Wheel deserve praise for their efforts in marketing the book. Ara
Salibian and Arthur Johnson expertly guided the manuscript through the
production process.
Copyeditor Barbara Flanagan did an excellent job of editing the text
and sharpening the Ideas following the selections and the chapters. Lisa
Whipple helped us greatly by researching information for headnotes. Edi-
torial assistants Katherine Gilbert, Kristen Harvey, and Caroline Thomp-
son kept track of numerous details.
Projects of this sort always depend on the patience, goodwill, advice,
and encouragement of family members and friends. This project would not
have been possible without Michael and Marie Cremin, Mary Cremin,
Maureen Cremin, Donna Mennona Dilks and Sara-Jessica Mennona Dilks,
Joan and Maurice Dilks, Michele Hansen, Deanne Harper, Brian, Do-
minic, and Angelina Kemmett, Frank and Cecilia Mennona, Mary and
Tony Parfitt, and Jeff Welch.
Contents
Preface for Instructors v
Introduction 1
Chapter 1
Gender: Is One Born a Woman? 17
Text 19
Virginia Woolf, From A Room of One’s Own 19
“It is fatal to be a man or woman pure and simple; one must be woman-
manly or man-womanly. ”
Context 43
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, From The New Generation
of Women 44
Virginia Woolf, From Orlando 46
Studio Portrait of Virginia Woolf, 1925 51
Vanessa Bell, Dust Jacket for A Room of One’s Own 52
The Pour Marys 5 3
Reviews of A Room of One’s Own
Orlo Williams, From The Criterion 54
Elisabeth Woodbridge, From The Yale Review 57
Anonymous Review from Punch 59
Arnold Bennett, From “Queen of the High-Brows,”
Evening Standard 59
Anonymous Review from Times Literary Supplement 61
Contemporary Conversation 64
bell hooks, Feminism: A Movement to End Sexist Oppression 64
“To emphasize .. . engagement with feminist struggle as political com-
mitment we could avoid using the phrase T am a feminist* (a linguistic
structure designed to refer to some personal aspect of identity and self-
definition) and could state T advocate feminism.’ ”
Audre Lorde, The Transformation of Silence into Language
and Action 78
. . we have been socialized to respect fear more than our own needs for
language and definition, and while we wait in silence for that final luxury
of fearlessness, the weight of that silence will choke us. ”
Patricia Williams, Owning the Self in a Disowned World (a menagerie
of nightmares and hallucinations) 82
“I wonder, in my disintegration into senselessness, in whom I shall be re-
born. What would the white Pat Williams’ look like? Have I yet given
birth to myself as ‘the black Pat Williams’?’’
Monique Wittig, From The Straight Mind and Other Essays 99
The Category of Sex 100
One Is Not Bom a Woman 105
“The category of sex is the category that ordains slavery for women, and it
works specifically, as it did for black slaves, through an operation of reduc-
tion, by taking the part for the whole....”
Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Sex and Gender 113
“The newly virulent homophobia of the past decade, directed alike against
women and men even though logically its medical pretext ought... to give
a relative exemptive privilege to lesbians, reminds ungently that it is more
to our friends than to our enemies that sexually nonconforming women
and men are perceptible as distinct groups. ”
EXTENDING YOUR WORK 124
Chapter 2
African American Identity: How Does Race
Shape the Arts? 127
Text 128
W. E. B. Du Bois, From The Souls of Black Folk 128
Of Our Spiritual Strivings 130
The Sorrow Songs 136
“It is a peculiar sensation, this double consciousness, this sense of always
looking at one’s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one’s soul by
the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever
feels his two-ness, — an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two
unreconciled strivings...”
Context 147
Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers 148
Portrait ofW. E. B. Du Bois 149
Booker T. Washington, The Atlanta Exposition Address 150
Marcus Garvey, Motive of the NAACP Exposed 153
Anna Julia Cooper, Our Raison d’Etre 155
Frances E. W. Harper, Ethiopia 156
Anonymous Review of The Souls of Black Folk,
New York Times 157
W. E. B. Du Bois, From Criteria of Negro Art 159
Go Down Moses 162
Contemporary Conversation 163
Alice Walker, In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens 163
“But when, you will ask, did my overworked mother have time to know or
care about feeding the creative spirit?
“The answer is so simple that many of us have spent years discovering
it. We have constantly looked high, when we should have looked high—
and low.”
Glenn Loury, Free at Last? A Personal Perspective on Race
and Identity in America 172
“I no longer believe that the camaraderie engendered among blacks by our
collective experience of racism constitutes an adequate basis for any per-
son’s self-definition.”
Hazel Carby, Lethal Weapons and City Games 181
“What Grand Canyon, the Lethal Weapon series, and a number of other
contemporary Hollywood films have in common is their unspoken attempt
to resolve and overcome a national, racialized crisis through an intimate in-
terracial male partnership. ”
Joan Morgan, From Fly-Girls to Bitches and Hos 200
“Like it or not, hip-hop is not only the dominion of the young, black and
male, it is also the world in which young black women live and survive. A
functional game plan for us .. . has to recognize hip-hop’s ability to articu-
late the pain our community is in and use that knowledge to create a re-
demptive, healing space. ”
EXTENDING YOUR WORK 207
Chapter 3
Disabled Persons: How Do Individuals
Form a Culture? 209
Text 210
Helen Keller, From The World I Live In 210
The Seeing Hand 212
The Five-Sensed World 215
Analogies in Sense Perception 217
Before the Soul Dawn 219
“Our blindness changes not a whit the course of inner realities. Of us it is
as true as it is of the seeing that the most beautiful world is always entered
through imagination. ”
Context 223
Charles Dickens, Remarks upon Meeting Miss Laura
Bridgman 223
Alexander Graham Bell, Upon the Formation of a Deaf Variety of the
Human Race 224
Mark Twain, Letter on Behalf of Helen Keller 226
Advertisement for The World I Live In, New York Times Saturday
Review 227
Anonymous Review of The World I Live In, New York Times Book
Review 227
Helen Keller, From The Story of My Life 228
The Water-Pump Scene from William Gibson’s The Miracle
Worker 230
Photograph of Helen Keller and Annie Sullivan 231
Photograph of Helen Keller, Annie Sullivan, and Alexander
Graham Bell 232
Photograph of Helen Keller with Winged Victory 233
Photograph of Twelve-Year-Old Helen with John Hitz 234
Contemporary Conversation 235
Oliver Sacks, Protest at Gallaudet 235
“Now, for the first time, there was an ‘identity’ for the deaf, not merely a
personal one, but a social, cultural one. They were no longer just individu-
als, with an individual’s plights or triumphs; they were a people, with their
own culture, like the Jews or the Welsh. ”
Harlan Lane, Representations of Deaf People; The Infirmity
and Cultural Models 262
“Most people who were bom deaf or became so early in life ... and who
grew up deaf as part of the deaf community have a different point of view.
They see themselves as fundamentally visual people, with their own lan-
guage, social organization, history, and mores—in short, with their own
way of being, their own language and culture. ”
Georgina Kleege, Blind Rage: An Open Letter to Helen Keller 273
. . Helen . . . you couldn’t help yourself. Once you figured out that the
only way your words would be read by anyone was if you took on the role
of the first, original disability poster child. ”
Simi Linton, Reassigning Meaning 280
.. the medicalization of disability casts human variation as deviance
from the norm, as pathological condition, as deficit, and, significantly, as
an individual burden and personal tragedy. ”
Slackjaw, Getting Hip to the Lights-Out Way 299
“Suicide no longer interests me. Nor do I have any interest in becoming
one of those over-compensatory types who learns how to ski and sky-dive.
Nor am I interested in joining the blind subculture, full of blind people
talking about blind things all the time, wasting their days wallowing in
memories of sight.”
EXTENDING YOUR WORK 308
Chapter 4
The Unconscious: How Can We Understand
Ourselves? 311
Text 314
Sigmund Freud, From A Fragment of an Analysis
of a Case of Hysteria 314
The Clinical Picture 315
The Second Dream 339
“I let the patient himself choose the subject of the day’s work, and in that
way l start out from whatever surface his unconscious happens to be pre-
senting to his notice at the moment. But on this plan everything that has to
do with the clearing-up of a particular symptom emerges piecemeal, woven
into various contexts, and distributed over widely separated periods of
time. ”
Context 357
Picture of Jean-Martin Charcot with Patient
and Observers 358
Drawing of Electric Brush and Probe Used to Treat Hysteria before
Freud 359
William James, From The Hidden Self 359
Photograph of Freud’s Consulting Room in Vienna 361
Photograph of Freud in 1906 362
Fritz Wittels, From Veiling and Unveiling Psychotherapy 363
Sigmund Freud, From Postscript to Dora Case 366
Sigmund Freud, From Determinism and Superstition 368
Ernest Jones, Summary of Early Responses to the Dora
Analysis 369
strangled Emotion,” New York Times
372
Contemporary Conversation 374
Michel Foucault, Scientia Sexualis 374
“The essential point is that sex was not only a matter of sensation and
pleasure, of law and taboo, but also of truth and falsehood, that the truth
of sex became something fundamental, useful, or dangerous, precious or
formidable: in short, that sex was constituted as a problem of truth.”
Carol Gilligan, Woman’s Place in Man’s Life Cycle 389
“Only when life-cycle theorists divide their attention and begin to live with
women as they have lived with men will their vision encompass the experi-
ence of both sexes and their theories become correspondingly more fertile. ”
Carolyn Steedman, Histories 407
“Using these two accounts [of Dora and the watercress girl], we may sud-
denly see the nineteenth century peopled by middle-aged men who, pro-
pelled by the compulsions of scientific inquiry, demanded stories from
young women and girls; and then expressed their dissatisfaction with the
form of the narratives they obtained. ’’
Janet Malcolm, Dora 420
“Today, everyone knows—except possibly a few literary theorists—that
the chief subject of the psychoanalytic dialogue is not the patient’s re-
pressed memories but the analyst’s vacation. ”
EXTENDING YOUR WORK 438
Chapter 5
Nonviolence: A Weapon of Peace? 443
Text 444
Mahatma Gandhi
The Theory and Practice of Passive Resistance 445
Meaning ofSatyagraha 447
Religion of Nonviolence 449
The Law of Suffering 451
The Doctrine of the Sword I 453
The Doctrine of the Sword II 456
“Only those who realize that there is something in man which is superior
to the brute nature in him, and that the latter always yields to it, can effec-
tively be Passive Resisters. ”
Context 461
Matthew, The Sermon on the Mount, 5.38-39 461
From the Bhagavad Gita: The Yoga of Renunciation 461
Leo Tolstoy, Letter to Gandhi 464
Rabindranath Tagore, Letter to Gandhi and Accompanying
Poems 466
Jawaharlal Nehru, All-India Radio Speech following the Assassination
of Gandhi 467
Photograph of Young, Westernized Gandhi 469
Photograph of Gandhi Picking Up Salt on the Beach at Dandi 470
Contemporary Conversation 471
Martin Luther King Jr. , Letter from Birmingham Jail 471
“7 submit that an individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is
unjust, and willingly accepts the penalty by staying in jail to arouse the
conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the
very highest respect for the law. ”
Susan Griffin, Ideologies of Madness 487
“The illusion this civilization retains, that we are somehow above nature, is
so severe that in a sense we have come to believe that we can end material
existence without dying. The absurdity of nuclear weaponry as a strategy
for defense, when the use of those weapons would annihilate us, would in
itself argue this.”
Petra Kelly, Nonviolent Social Defense 496
“Independent, resourceful, freedom-loving people that are prepared and or-
ganized to resist aggression cannot be conquered. No number of tanks and
missiles can dominate a society unwilling to cooperate. ”
Susanne Kappeler, Resistance and the Will to Resistance 505
“If white fascists are against the rights of Black people and thus against
Black people, we seem to think it fit to describe them as being in resistance
to them. Resistance is demoted to a mere synonym for opposition—aggres-
sive enmity—ennobled by the positive connotations of a beleaguered fight
against oppression. ”
Michael Nagler, Nonviolence and Peacemaking Today 511
“Once we accept that violence tears at the fabric of life (and nonviolence
repairs it), it becomes clear that there are endless ways nonviolent energy
could be brought to bear on almost any relationship. ”
EXTENDING YOUR WORK 524
Chapter 6
The Frontier: How Do We Imagine the West? 527
Text 529
Frederick Jackson Turner, The Significance of the Frontier in American
History 529
“Since the days when the fleet of Columbus sailed into the waters of the
New World, America has been another name for opportunity, and the
people of the United States have taken their tone from the incessant expan-
sion which has not only been open but has even been forced upon them. ”
Context 554
C. W. Dana, From The Great West; or The Garden
of the World 555
Theodore Roosevelt, From Ranch Life in the Far West 557
Photograph of a “Dugout” Home, exterior 561
Photograph of a “Dugout” Home, interior 561
Plenty Coups, Plenty Coups Travels to Washington 562
Albert Yava, We Want to Tell You Something 564
Map of Native American Diasporas 566
Photograph ofLeadville, Colorado, ca. 1890 568
Contemporary Conversation 571
Patricia Nelson Limerick, Denial and Dependence 571
As powerful and persistent as the fantasy that the West set Americans free
from relying on the federal government was the fantasy that westward
movement could set one free from the past. ”
Jane Tompkins, At the Buffalo Bill Museum, June 1988 587
“I cannot resolve the contradiction between my experience at the Buffalo
Bill Historical Center . . . and my response to the shining figure of Buffalo
Bill as it emerged from the pages of books—on the one hand a history of
shame; on the other, an image of the heart’s desire. But I have reached one
conclusion that for a while will have to serve. ”
Annette Kolodny, Unearthing Herstory 605
“.. .we need... a radically new symbolic mode for relating to ‘the fairest,
frutefullest, and pleasauntest [land] of all the worlde’; we can no longer af-
ford to keep turning ‘America the Beautiful’ into America the Raped. ”
Leslie Marmon Silko
America’s Debt to the Indian Nations: Atoning for a
Sordid Past 616
The Border Patrol State 619
“The American public has difficulty believing such injustice continues to be
inflicted upon Indian people because Americans assume that the sympathy
or tolerance they feel toward Indians is somehow felt or transferred to the
government policy that deals with Indians. This is not the case. ”
N. Scott Momaday, The American West and the Burden
of Belief 625
“The oral tradition demands the greatest clarity of speech and hearing, the
whole strength of memory, and an absolute faith in the efficacy of lan-
guage. Every word spoken, every word heard, is the utterance of prayer.”
Eric Gary Anderson, Unsettling Frontiers: Billy the Kid and the Outlaw
Southwest 640
“Despite Turner’s footnoted refusal to speak of outlaws, then, the outlaw
as satanic antihero was a well-known and very popular figure, and as the
‘archfiend’ of them all, Billy the Kid was fast attaining the status of
national legend. ”
EXTENDING YOUR WORK 652
Index of Authors and Titles 661
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| title | Cultural conversations the presence of the past |
| title_auth | Cultural conversations the presence of the past |
| title_exact_search | Cultural conversations the presence of the past |
| title_full | Cultural conversations the presence of the past [ed. by] Stephen Dilks ... |
| title_fullStr | Cultural conversations the presence of the past [ed. by] Stephen Dilks ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cultural conversations the presence of the past [ed. by] Stephen Dilks ... |
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| title_sort | cultural conversations the presence of the past |
| title_sub | the presence of the past |
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