Information science 101
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lanham, Md. [u.a.]
Scarecrow Press
2008
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Information science 101 |c Anthony Debons |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Information science one hundred one |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Information science one hundred and one |
| 264 | 1 | |a Lanham, Md. [u.a.] |b Scarecrow Press |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 241 S. |b Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Information science | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819722942848696320 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Information science 101
Autor: Debons, Anthony
Jahr: 2008
Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
UNIT I: NATURE AND ORIGINS OF INFORMATION SCIENCE
1 Introduction to Information 3
Learning Objectives 3
Overview 3
Data, Information, and Knowledge 4
Introduction to Information Concepts 5
Signs 7
Characteristics of Information 9
Information and Communication 9
Visible Information 11
Variations on Decoding the Letter K 11
The Philosophical Perspective 12
Aristotle (384-322 BC) 13
Karl Popper(1902-1992) 13
Social Perspective 14
Heidi and Alvin Toffler 14
Technological Perspective 17
Vannevar Bush-Memex 17
Shannon and Weaver: Early Information Theory 17
Claude Shannon and Technical Communications 17
Contents
Checking the Accuracy of the Received Message 19
Shannon and Bits of Information 21
Systems Theory and Cybernetics 23
Summary 25
Exercises 25
Professional Identities and Opportunities 27
Learning Objectives 27
Overview 27
Information Science-Related Professions 28
Documentation 29
Bibliographer 30
Indexer 30
Cataloger 30
Reference Librarian 30
Special Librarian 31
Archivist 31
Technology 32
Computer Scientist 32
Communications 33
Telecommunications 34
Information Scientists 34
Database Administrator 35
Information Specialist 36
Information Broker 36
Information (Knowledge) Counselor 36
Information (Knowledge) Consultant 36
Chief Information Officer (CIO) and Chief Knowledge
Officer (CKO) 36
Information System Analyst 37
Information System Designer 37
Information System Programmer / Software Engineer 37
Decision Support Specialist 38
Interface Designer 38
Network Administrator 38
Webmaster 38
Information Architect 38
Competencies 39
Information Scientists Interests 39
Information Scientists and Professional Organizations 43
Education of Information Professionals 43
Employment of Information Professionals 44
Contents vii
Summary 44
Exercises 45
3 Information Science: Nature and Function 46
Learning Objectives 46
Overview 46
Origins of Information Science 47
The Document 47
Alphabet and Language 48
Writing 48
Printing 48
The Book 49
Sharing the Document 53
Thè Library 53
Origins of Libraries 53
Librarianship 54
Technical Services 54
Acquisition 54
Cataloging 54
Access Services 54
Collection Management 54
Circulation 54
Reference and Information Services 55
Resource Management 55
Library Science 55
Computation 55
Origins of Counting 55
Computer Science 56
Communication Science 56
Some Shared Views of Information Science 56
Summary 59
Exercises 59
UNIT II: THE SCIENCE AND STRUCTURE OF AN ADIK SYSTEM
4 The Augmented Data, Information, and Knowledge
(ADIK) System 63
Learning Objectives 63
Overview 63
Introduction 64
Terms 64
Events and Situations 64
viii Contents
Conditions and Event Analysis 66
User Needs and Requirements 67
The Augmented Data, Information, and Knowledge System 69
Background 69
Composition of ADIK Systems 70
How about a Data System? 70
How about Information Systems? 72
How about Knowledge Systems? 72
ADIK Systems: How Do They Come About? 72
The System Development Cycle 72
Request for Proposal 73
Feasibility Study 73
System Analysis Process 75
System Design Process 76
System Management 76
GANTT/PERT 77
Testing an ADIK System 77
Simulation 77
System Maintenance 78
Summary 79
Exercises 79
5 How Do We Acquire Data, Information, and Knowledge?
The Sensing Subsystem 81
Learning Objectives 81
Overview 81
Background 81
The Nature of Data 82
Data Acquisition 82
Data Reliability 86
Data Validation 86
Data Discrimination 86
Data Reproducibility 87
Data Vulnerability 87
The Nature of Information Acquisition 88
General 88
Definition of Information Acquisition 88
Task Analysis 89
Information Retrieval 90
Organization of Information 91
Aids to Information Organization 92
Classification 92
Contents ix
Categorization 93
Indexing 93
The Nature of Knowledge 94
General 94
Kinds of Knowledge 94
Knowledge Acquisition 94
Knowledge Retrieval 95
Aids to Knowledge Retrieval 95
The Abstract 95
Citation Index 95
Knowledge Management 95
Aids to Knowledge Management 96
Summary 97
Exercises 97
Movement of Data, Information, and Knowledge:
The Transmission Subsystem 99
Learning Objectives 99
Overview 99
Terms 100
Transmission 100
The Transmission Process 102
The Role of Words and Symbols as Transmitters 103
Electronic Component Failure 103
Transmission of Knowledge 104
The Network 104
The Broad View of Networks 104
What Is Meant by Network and Networking? 104
Transmitters and Receivers 105
The Server 106
The Medium 107
Twisted Pair 107
Coaxial Cable 107
Fiber-Optic Cable 107
Topology 108
Transmission Processing Protocols 110
Network Architecture: Combining It All Together 112
Advances in Teletransmission 113
Summary 114
Exercises 115
The Computer 117
Learning Objectives 117
x Contents
Overview 117
Computer Science 117
The Computer and the Processing Subsystem: Hardware as
Information System 120
The Motherboard and Central Processing Unit 121
Memory 122
Input and Output Devices 124
The Most Important Technological Innovations 124
Robots and the Computer 125
Space Technologies: GIS, GPS Satellites 125
Transportation 126
Security 126
Biometries 127
Bibliometrics 127
Medical Informatics 127
Challenges to Computer Science 129
Summary 129
Exercises 130
UNIT III: THE KNOWLEDGE SUBSYSTEM
8 The Utilization Subsystem: Decision Making-Problem Solving 133
Learning Objectives 133
Overview 134
The Study of Decision Making and Problem Solving 134
Definitions 135
The Problem 135
Problem Solving 136
Problem Space 136
Decision Making 136
Decision-Making Analysis 136
Software Tools and Decision Analysis 138
Computer Tools That Aid the Problem-Solving and
Decision Process 140
Artificial Intelligence / Expert Systems 140
Summary 142
Exercises 142
9 The Transfer Subsystem: Communications 144
Learning Objectives 144
Overview 144
Background 145
Definitions 146
Contents xi
Communications 146
Information Science and Communications 146
Language 147
Mass Communications 147
Display: What is It? 148
Kinds of Displays 149
Displays and Communications 150
Display Factors 150
Application: The Third Dimension 152
Visualization 152
Wireless Communications 152
Summary 154
Exercises 155
10 Human Factors (Ergonomics) and Information Science 156
Learning Objectives 156
Overview 156
Definitions 156
Background 157
Origins of Ergonomics 158
General Area of Interest of Ergonomists 158
Theory 158
System Components and Ergonomics 159
Example: The Public Announcement
Communication System 159
Example: Audiovisual Presentation 159
Cognitive/Perceptual Functions 159
Cognitive: Information System Processing Models 160
Information Processing Model: Perceptual Representation 160
The Computer: Enhancing Human Activities 162
User-Centered Design 164
The Human-Computer User Interface (HCl) 164
Software Applications 164
Information Science and Ergonomie Challenges 165
Summary 166
Exercises 166
UNIT IV: SOCIAL ISSUES
11 Value and Quality of Data, Information, and Knowledge 171
Learning Objectives 171
Overview 171
Views on the Value of Information and Knowledge 172
xii Contents
Robert M. Mason 172
Robert Taylor 172
P. K. McPherson 173
Tefko Saracevic and Paul Kantor 174
Other Information Scientists 174
The Value of Information 175
Benefit 175
Cost 175
The Quality of Information 180
Accuracy as Quality 182
Timeliness as Quality 183
Obsolescence 183
Completeness and Format Check as Quality 183
Age as Quality 183
Source Availability as Quality 184
Level of Summarization 184
Format Check 184
Security and Quality 185
Other Dimensions of Quality 185
The Value of Knowledge 187
Value as Process 187
Value as Product 188
Administration of ADIK 189
Summary 189
Exercises 189
12 Security, Privacy, and Ethics 191
Learning Objectives 191
Overview 191
Security 192
Privacy 193
Ethics 193
Ethics and the Augmented Data, Information, and
Knowledge System • 194
Event 195
Acquisition Subsystem 195
Transmission Subsystem 195
Processing Subsystem 196
Utilization Subsystem 196
Transfer (Communication) Subsystem 196
Summary 196
Exercises 197
Contents xiii
13 The Future of Information Science: The Knowledge Sciences 198
Learning Objectives 199
Overview 199
Introduction 199
The World Future Society 200
Computing Research Association 201
Professionalism and the Future 201
Specific Areas of Implementation and Future Developments 202
Distance Learning 202
Computer Sensory Recognition 202
Parallel Processing 202
Intelligent Agents 203
Embedded ADIK 203
Expert Systems 203
Computer Translation 203
A Projection of Possibilities 203
The Knowledge Sciences 207
Library Science 209
Computer Science 210
Communication Science 210
Information Science 210
Summary 212
Exercises 212
Appendix 213
Glossary 215
References 221
Index 235
About the Author 241
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| title_alt | Information science one hundred one Information science one hundred and one |
| title_auth | Information science 101 |
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| title_full | Information science 101 Anthony Debons |
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