Lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis

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Weitere Verfasser: Oschmann, Patrick (HerausgeberIn)
Format: Buch
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Bremen UNI-MED-Verl. 1999
Schriftenreihe:UNI-MED science
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text Contents 1. Introduction (P. Oschmann) 16 2. Characteristics of the pathogen (P. Kraiczy, G. Acker, V. Brade) 20 2.1. Lyme borreliosis 20 2.1.1. Taxonomic classification 20 2.1.2. Morphology 21 2.1.3. Culture conditions 22 2.1.4. Molecular biology aspects 22 2.1.5. Antigen structure and antigenic diversity of B. burgdorferi s.l 24 2.2. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) 25 2.2.1. Taxonomic classification and structure of the TBE virus 25 2.2.2. Molecular biology aspects 26 2.2.3. Antigen structure of the TBE virus 26 3. Tick ecology and epidemiology (C. Schafer, M. Hahn, P. Oschmann) 30 3.1. Tick ecology 30 3.1.1. Ticks — a general introduction 30 3.1.2. Ixodes ricinus 30 3.2. Epidemiology 32 3.2.1. Lyme borreliosis 32 3.2.2. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) 34 4. Pathogenesis and immune defense (V. Brade, P. Kraiczy) 42 4.1. Lyme borreliosis 42 4.1.1. Pathogenesis 42 4.1.1.1. Local infection 42 4.1.1.2. Dissemination 43 4.1.1.3. Acute organ manifestations 44 4.1.1.4. Chronic organ manifestations 44 4.1.2. Immune defense 45 4.1.2.1. Preimmune phase 45 A A.2.2. Immune phase 45 4.1.2.2.1. Reinfections 45 4.1.2.2.2. Persistence of Borreliae 46 4.1.2.3. Immunopathology 46 4.2. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) 47 4.2.1. Pathogenesis 47 4.2.2. Immune defense 47 5. Clinical symptoms (P. Oschmann, R. Kaiser) 52 5.1. Lyme borreliosis 52 5.1.1. Course of infection and stages 52 5.1.2. Organ manifestations and the associated syndromes 53 5.1.2.1. Dermatoborreliosis 54 5.1.2.1.1. Erythema (chronicum) migrans (E[C]M) — stage I 54 5.1.2.1.2. Lymphadenosis cutis benigna (LCB) — stage I/Ill 55 5.1.2.1.3. Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) — stage III 56 12 Contents 5.1.2.1.4. Circumscribed scleroderma, lichen sclerosis et atrophicus (stage III) 57 5.1.2.2. Neuroborreliosis 57 5.1.2.2.1. Meningoradicul(oneur)itis (stage II, Garin-Bujadoux-Bannwarth syndrome) 59 5.1.2.2.2. Meningomyel(oradicul)itis (stage II) 61 5.1.2.2.3. Meningitis (stage II) 61 5.1.2.2.4. Meningoencephal(oradicul)itis (stage II) 62 5.1.2.2.5. Cerebrovascular neuroborreliosis (stage ll/lll) 63 5.1.2.2.6. Progressive encephalomyelitis (stage III) 65 5.1.2.2.7. Lyme encephalopathy 66 5.1.2.2.8. Acute and chronic neuritis, myositis, and fasciitis (stage ll/lll) 66 5.1.2.3. Internistic manifestations 68 5.1.2.3.1. Lyme arthritis 68 5.1.2.3.2. Lymecarditis 69 5.1.2.4. Ophthalmoborreliosis 69 5.2. Tick-borne encephalitis 70 5.2.1. Course of the disease 70 5.2.1.1. Prodromal phase 71 5.2.1.2. Manifestation phase 72 5.2.2. Organ manifestations and syndromes 72 5.2.2.1. Meningitis 72 5.2.2.2. Encephalitis 73 5.2.2.3. Encephalomyelitis and radiculitis 74 5.2.2.4. Manifestations outside the nervous system 75 6. Diagnostics (K.-P. Hunfeld, P. Oschmann, R. Kaiser, J. Schulze, V. Brade) 80 6.1. Lyme borreliosis 80 6.1.1. Cardinal symptoms and instrumental examinations 80 6.1.2. Nonspecific laboratory changes in blood, CSF, and synovial fluid 82 6.1.3. Microbiological diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis 84 6.1.3.1. Diagnostic methods for direct pathogen detection in Lyme borreliosis 86 6.1.3.1.1. Direct microscopic detection 86 6.1.3.1.2. Detection of the pathogen by culture 86 6.1.3.1.3. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l 87 6.1.3.1.4. Direct detection with the aid of the polymerase chain reaction 88 6.1.3.1.5. Detection of Borrelia-specific antigens in clinical specimens 90 6.1.3.1.6. Methods of differentiating species 90 6.1.3.2. Indirect detection of the pathogen (serological detection of antibodies) 91 6.1.3.2.1. Stage-dependent antibody kinetics in Lyme borreliosis 91 6.1.3.2.2. Serological tests in Lyme borreliosis diagnostics 92 6.1.3.3. Rational standard serological diagnostics and interpretation of findings in Lyme borreliosis ...96 6.1.3.3.1. Special problems in the interpretation of positive borreliosis serology findings 99 6.1.3.4. Detection of specific antibody synthesis in the cerebrospinal fluid in neuroborreliosis 99 6.1.3.5. Possible sources of error in serological Lyme borreliosis diagnostics 102 6.1.3.6. Need for further standardization of tests 102 6.1.3.7. Summary and critical assessment 103 6.2. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) 103 6.2.1. Principal symptoms and instrumental examinations 103 6.2.2. Nonspecific laboratory changes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid 104 6.2.3. Microbiological diagnostics 105 6.2.3.1. Direct microbiological methods (detection of the virus) 105 6.2.3.1.1. Culture of the virus and electron microscopy 105 6.2.3.1.2. Direct detection of TBE virus by RT-PCR 106 Contents 13 6.2.3.2. Indirect detection methods (detection of antibodies) 106 6.2.3.2.1. ELISA 106 6.2.3.2.2. Antibody kinetics and interpretation of findings in the course of an TBE infection 107 6.2.3.2.3. Detection of antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid in TBE 107 6.2.3.3. Critical assessment 108 7. Therapy and prognosis (P. Oschmann, R. Kaiser) 112 7.1. Lyme borreliosis 112 7.1.1. Therapy 112 7.1.1.1. Therapeutic principles 112 7.1.1.2. Pragmatic therapy 113 7.1.1.2.1. Therapy of stage I 113 7.1.1.2.2. Therapy of stage II 114 7.1.1.2.3. Therapy of stage III 114 7.1.1.2.4. Therapy during pregnancy 115 7.1.1.2.5. Assessment of the therapeutic outcome 115 7.1.2. Prognosis, relapse, treatment resistance, and delayed cure 117 7.2. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) 118 7.2.1. Therapy 118 7.2.2. Prognosis 119 8. Prophylactic measures (P. Oschmann, R. Kaiser) 124 8.1. General protection measures 124 8.1.1. General protection against ticks 124 8.1.2. Removal of ticks 124 8.1.3. Tick control 125 8.2. Lyme borreliosis 125 8.3. Tick-borne encephalitis 127 9. Special aspects of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis in the United States (J. Halperin) 132 9.1. Introduction 132 9.2. Characteristics of the pathogen 132 9.3. Tick ecology and epidemiology 133 9.4. Pathogenesis 133 9.5. Clinical Symptoms 133 9.6. Diagnostics 135 9.7. Therapy and Prognosis 136 9.8. Prophylactic measures 136 10. List of abbreviations 139 Index 141
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spellingShingle Lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis
Frühjahr-Sommer-Encephalitis (DE-588)4155540-5 gnd
Lyme-Krankheit (DE-588)4138729-6 gnd
subject_GND (DE-588)4155540-5
(DE-588)4138729-6
title Lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis
title_auth Lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis
title_exact_search Lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis
title_full Lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis [Patrick Oschmann ... (ed.)]
title_fullStr Lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis [Patrick Oschmann ... (ed.)]
title_full_unstemmed Lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis [Patrick Oschmann ... (ed.)]
title_short Lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis
title_sort lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis
topic Frühjahr-Sommer-Encephalitis (DE-588)4155540-5 gnd
Lyme-Krankheit (DE-588)4138729-6 gnd
topic_facet Frühjahr-Sommer-Encephalitis
Lyme-Krankheit
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