Molecular biology in plant pathogenesis and disease management 2 Disease development

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1. Verfasser: Narayanasamy, P. 1937- (VerfasserIn)
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Veröffentlicht: Dordrecht [u.a.] Springer 2008
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adam_text Contents Preface............................................................ xv Acknowledgement..................................................xvii 1 Introduction................................................... 1 1.1 Disease Development in Individual Plants...................... 1 1.2 Disease Development in Populations of Plants.................. 3 References..................................................... 4 2 Molecular Biology of Plant Disease Development .................. 7 2.1 Fungal Pathogens.......................................... 9 2.1.1 Attachment of Fungal Pathogens to Plant Surfaces ....... 9 2.1.2 Germination of Spores and Penetration of Host Plant Surfaces...................................... 10 2.1.3 Colonization of Host Tissues.......................... 32 2.1.4 Symptom Expression................................ 57 2.2 Bacterial Pathogens........................................ 62 2.2.1 Initiation of Infection................................ 62 2.2.2 Colonization of Host Tissues.......................... 68 2.2.3 Symptom Expression................................116 2.3 Phytoplasmal Pathogens ....................................120 2.4 Viral Pathogens............................................123 2.4.1 Movement of Plant Viruses...........................123 2.4.2 Symptom Expression................................139 2.5 Viroids...................................................145 Appendix 1: Detection of Components of the Extracellular Matrix of Germinating Spores of Stagonospora nodorum (Zelinger et al. 2004) ...................................... 148 Appendix 2: Separation of the Fungal Chromosomal DNA Containing Toxin Gene(s) of Alternaria alternate by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (Masunaka et al. 2005)....................... 149 References.....................................................151 viii Contents 3 Molecular Ecology and Epidemiology ............................197 3.1 Viral Pathogens............................................200 3.1.1 Molecular Biology of Virus Infection ..................200 3.1.2 Molecular Determinants of Virus Transmission..........204 3.2 Fungal Pathogens..........................................208 3.3 Bacterial Pathogens........................................212 3.4 Genomics and Disease Resistance............................215 References.....................................................216 Glossary ..........................................................223 Index.............................................................239 Table of Contents for Volumes 1 and 3 Volume 1 Preface............................................................ xv Acknowledgement..................................................xvii 1 Introduction.................................................... 1 1.1 Molecular Biology as a Research Tool ......................... 1 1.2 Application of Molecular Techniques.......................... 3 References...................................................... 6 2 Molecular Techniques for Detection of Microbial Pathogens ......... 7 2.1 Detection of Microbial Pathogens by Biochemical Techniques..... 9 2.1.1 Electrophoresis..................................... 9 2.2 Detection of Microbial Pathogens by Immunoassays............. 14 2.2.1 Viral Pathogens..................................... 15 2.2.2 Bacterial Pathogens................................. 25 2.2.3 Fungal Pathogens................................... 29 2.3 Detection of Microbial Plant Pathogens by Nucleic Acid-Based Techniques................................................ 32 2.3.1 Detection of Viral Pathogens.......................... 34 2.3.2 Detection of Viroids................................. 57 2.3.3 Detection of Bacterial Pathogens...................... 60 2.3.4 Detection of Phytoplasmal Pathogens.................. 80 2.3.5 Detection of Fungal Pathogens........................ 85 Appendix 1: Electrophoretic Characterization of Strains of Bacterial Pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) (Bouzar et al. 1994) ........................................110 Appendix 2: Detection of Virus-Specific Protein in Infected Leaves by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) (Seifers et al. 1996, 2005)........................Ill Appendix 3: Indirect ELISA for Assessing Titers of PABs and MABs Specific to Callalily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV) and Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) (Lin et al. 2005)..................112 x Table of Contents for Volumes 1 and 3 Appendix 4: Detection of Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) by Direct Tissue Blot Immunoassay (DTBIA) (Martin et al. 2002)................113 Appendix 5: Detection of Potato virus Y (PVY) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in Tobacco by Immunostaining Technique (Ryang et al. 2004).........................................113 Appendix 6: Detection of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) by In Situ Immunoassay (ISIA) (Lin et al. 2000).........................114 Appendix 7: Detection of Potyvirus by Western Blot Analysis (Larsen et al. 2003).........................................115 Appendix 8: Detection of Bacterial Pathogens by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in Seeds (Lamka et al. 1991; Pataky et al. 2004)..........................................115 Appendix 9: Detection of Ultilago nuda Barley Seeds by DAS-ELISA (Eibel et al. 2005)..........................................116 Appendix 10: Detection of Plant Viruses by Reverse-Transcription- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Assay (Huang et al. 2004; Spiegel et al. 2004).........................................118 Appendix 11: Detection of Virus (Potato virus Y) by Reverse Transcription - DIAPOPS System (Nicolaisen et al. 2001)........119 Appendix 12: Detection of Grape fan leaf virus (GFLV) in Nematode Vector Xiphinema index by RT-PCR (Finetti-Sialer and Ciancio 2005) ....................................................121 Appendix 13: Detection of Potato virus Y by Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification DNA (Nie 2005)........122 Appendix 14: Detection of Fruit Tree Viroids by a Rapid RT-PCR Test (Hassen et al. 2006) ........................................123 Appendix 15: Membrane BIO-PCR Technique for Detection of Bacterial Pathogen (Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola) (Schaad et al. 2007) ....................................................125 Appendix 16: Detection of Bacterial Pathogens by DNA Array Technology (Fessehaie et al. 2003; Scholberg et al. 2005).........126 Appendix 17: Extraction of Genomic DNA from Fungal Pathogens (Phytophthora spp.) (Lamour and Finley 2006) .................128 Appendix 18: Detection of Mycosphaerella graminicola in Wheat Using Reverse Transcription (RT)-PCR (Guo et al. 2005)...............129 References......................................................130 3 Molecular Variability of Microbial Plant Pathogens.................159 3.1 Molecular Basis of Variability of Fungal Pathogens..............160 3.1.1 Isozyme Variation...................................161 3.1.2 Immunological Assay ...............................162 3.1.3 Dot-Blot Hybridization Assay.........................163 3.1.4 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.............163 3.1.5 Polymerase Chain Reaction...........................168 3.1.6 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique........175 Table of Contents for Volumes 1 and 3 xi 3.1.7 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Technique .... 179 3.1.8 DNA Fingerprinting.................................183 3.1.9 Microsatellite Amplification..........................183 3.1.10 Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Analysis.....184 3.2 Molecular Basis of Variability of Bacterial Pathogens ............185 3.2.1 Immunoassays......................................185 3.2.2 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.............186 3.2.3 Polymerase Chain Reaction...........................187 3.2.4 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA.................191 3.2.5 DNA-DNA Hybridization............................193 3.2.6 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Technique .... 195 3.2.7 PCR-Based Suppression Subtractive Hybridization.......195 3.3 Molecular Basis of Variability of Viral Pathogens................196 3.3.1 Immunological Techniques...........................196 3.3.2 Nucleic Acid-Based Techniques.......................200 3.4 Molecular Basis of Variability of Viroid Pathogens...............208 Appendix 1: Microsatellite-Primed (MP) Polymerase Chain Reaction for DNA Fingerprinting (Ma and Michailides 2005).................209 Appendix 2: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Analysis of Pythium spp. (Garzön et al. 2005)...................210 References......................................................211 Glossary ..........................................................227 Index.............................................................245 Volume 3 Preface............................................................ xv Acknowledgement..................................................xvii 1 Introduction.................................................... 1 1.1 Strategies Not Depending on Genome Modification.............. 1 1.2 Strategies Depending on Genome Modification.................. 2 1.3 Strategies Depending on Induction of Natural Defense Mechanisms 4 1.4 Strategies Based on Direct Effects of Chemicals on Pathogens..... 4 References...................................................... 5 2 Exclusion and Elimination of Microbial Plant Pathogens............ 7 2.1 Exclusion of Microbial Plant Pathogens........................ 8 2.1.1 Seeds and Propagative Plant Materials.................. 8 2.1.2 Whole Plants....................................... 12 i Table of Contents for Volumes 1 and 3 2.2 Use of Disease-Free Planting Materials ........................ 15 Appendix: Improved Direct Tissue Blot Immunoassay (DTBIA) for Rapid Detection of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) (Lin et al. 2006) ... 19 References...................................................... 19 Genetic Resistance of Crops to Diseases............................ 23 3.1 Fungal Diseases............................................ 25 3.1.1 Genetic Basis of Resistance........................... 25 3.1.2 Molecular Basis of Resistance to Fungal Diseases........ 50 3.2 Bacterial Diseases.......................................... 91 3.2.1 Genetic Basis of Resistance........................... 91 3.2.2 Molecular Basis of Resistance to Bacterial Diseases...... 94 3.3 Viral Diseases..............................................109 3.3.1 Genetic Basis of Resistance...........................109 3.3.2 Molecular Basis of Resistance to Viral Diseases..........119 Appendix: Development of Sequence-Tagged Site (STS) Marker Linked to Bacterial Wilt Resistance Gene (Onozaki et al. 2004)..........132 References......................................................133 Transgenic Resistance to Crop Diseases............................171 4.1 Resistance to Virus Diseases .................................172 4.1.1 Pathogen-Derived Resistance.........................172 4.2 Resistance to Fungal Diseases................................188 4.2.1 Targeting Structural Components of Fungal Pathogens .... 188 4.2.2 Use of Genes for Antifungal Proteins with Different Functions............................. 192 4.3 Resistance to Bacterial Diseases ..............................200 4.3.1 Alien Genes of Plants................................200 4.3.2 Ectopic Expression of Bacterial Elicitor................201 4.3.3 Genes Interfering with Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens ..............................202 4.3.4 Antibacterial Proteins of Diverse Origin................203 Appendix: Detection of Oxalate Oxidase Activity in Transgenic Peanut Plants (Livingstone et al. 2005)...............................207 References......................................................207 Induction of Resistance to Crop Diseases...........................219 5.1 Induction of Resistance to Fungal Diseases.....................224 5.1.1 Biotic Inducers.....................................224 5.1.2 Abiotic Inducers....................................232 5.2 Induction of Resistance to Bacterial Diseases ...................240 5.2.1 Biotic Inducers.....................................242 5.2.2 Abiotic Inducers....................................243 5.3 Induction of Resistance to Viral Diseases.......................244 5.3.1 Abiotic Inducers....................................245 Table of Contents for Volumes 1 and 3 xiii 5.3.2 Biotic Inducers.....................................246 References......................................................246 6 Molecular Biology of Biocontrol Activity Against Crop Diseases......257 6.1 Identification and Differentiation of Biocontrol Agents ...........257 6.1.1 Fungi as Biocontrol Agents...........................258 6.1.2 Bacteria as Biocontrol Agents.........................261 6.2 Molecular Basis of Biocontrol Potential........................263 6.2.1 Fungal Biocontrol Agents............................263 6.2.2 Bacterial Biocontrol Agents ..........................265 6.3 Improvement of Biocontrol Potential ..........................269 6.3.1 Fungal Biocontrol Agents............................269 6.3.2 Bacterial Biocontrol Agents ..........................270 6.4 Biocontrol Agent-Plant-Pathogen Interaction....................27] 6.4.1 Plant-Biocontro) Agent Interaction.....................271 6.4.2 Biocontrol Agent-Pathogen-Plant Interaction............272 References......................................................273 7 Molecular Biology of Pathogen Resistance to Chemicals.............279 7.1 Resistance in Fungal Pathogens to Chemicals...................280 7.1.1 Identification of Fungicide Resistant Strains.............280 7.2 Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens to Chemicals .................290 7.3 Fungicide Resistance Monitoring .............................292 References......................................................293 Glossary ..........................................................297 Index.............................................................313
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spellingShingle Narayanasamy, P. 1937-
Molecular biology in plant pathogenesis and disease management
title Molecular biology in plant pathogenesis and disease management
title_auth Molecular biology in plant pathogenesis and disease management
title_exact_search Molecular biology in plant pathogenesis and disease management
title_full Molecular biology in plant pathogenesis and disease management 2 Disease development P. Narayanasamy
title_fullStr Molecular biology in plant pathogenesis and disease management 2 Disease development P. Narayanasamy
title_full_unstemmed Molecular biology in plant pathogenesis and disease management 2 Disease development P. Narayanasamy
title_short Molecular biology in plant pathogenesis and disease management
title_sort molecular biology in plant pathogenesis and disease management disease development
url http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016482840&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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