Fundamentals of microelectronics
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| 100 | 1 | |a Razavi, Behzad |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fundamentals of microelectronics |c Behzad Razavi |
| 264 | 1 | |a Hoboken, NJ |b Wiley |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 936 S. |b zahlr. graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Microelectronics | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Mikroelektronik |0 (DE-588)4039207-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Mikroelektronik |0 (DE-588)4039207-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
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| adam_text | Contents
1
INTRODUCTION
TO
MICROELECTRONICS 1
1.1
Electronics versus Microelectronics
1
1.2
Examples of Electronic Systems
2
1.2.1
Cellular Telephone
2
1.2.2
Digital Camera
5
1.2.3
Analog Versus Digital
7
1.3
Basic Concepts
8
1.3.1
Analog and Digital Signals
8
1.3.2
Analog Circuits
10
1.3.3
Digital Circuits
11
1.3.4
Basic Circuit Theorems
13
1.4
Chapter Summary
20
2
BASIC PHYSICS OF
SEMICONDUCTORS
21
2.1
Semiconductor Materials and Their
Properties
22
2.1.1
Charge Carriers in Solids
22
2.1.2
Modification of Carrier
Densities
25
2.1.3
Transport of Carriers
28
2.2
pn Junction
36
2.2.1
pn Junction in Equilibrium
37
2.2.2
pn Junction Under Reverse Bias
42
2.2.3
pn Junction Under Forward Bias
46
2.2.4
I/V Characteristics
49
2.3
Reverse Breakdown
54
2.3.1
Zener Breakdown
54
2.3.2
Avalanche Breakdown
55
2.4
Chapter Summary
55
Problems
56
SPICE Problems
60
3
DIODE MODELS AND
CIRCUITS
62
3.1
Ideal Diode
62
3.1.1
Initial Thoughts
62
3.1.2
Ideal Diode
64
3.1.3
Application Examples
68
3.2
pn Junction as a Diode
73
3.3
Additional Examples
75
3.4
Large-Signal and Small-Signal
Operation
80
3.5
Applications of Diodes
89
3.5.1
Half-Wave and Full-Wave
Rectifiers
89
3.5.2
Voltage Regulation
102
3.5.3
Limiting Circuits
104
3.5.4
Voltage
Doublers 108
3.5.5
Diodes as Level Shifters and
Switches
112
3.6
Chapter Summary
115
Problems
116
SPICE Problems
126
4
PHYSICS OF BIPOLAR
TRANSISTORS
128
4.1
General Considerations
128
4.2
Structure of Bipolar Transistor
130
4.3
Operation of Bipolar Transistor in
Active Mode
131
4.3.1
Collector Current
134
4.3.2
Base and Emitter Currents
137
4.4
Bipolar Transistor Models and
Characteristics
139
4.4.1
Large-Signal Model
139
4.4.2
I/V Characteristics
141
4.4.3
Concept of
Transconductance
143
4.4.4
Small-Signal Model
145
4.4.5
Early Effect
150
4.5
Operation of Bipolar Transistor in
Saturation Mode
156
4.6
The PNP Transistor
159
4.6.1
Structure and Operation
160
4.6.2
Large-Signal Model
160
4.6.3
Small-Signal Model
163
4.7
Chapter Summary
167
Problems
167
SPICE Problems
178
xix
xx
Content
5 BIPOLAR
AMPLIFIERS 181
5.1
General Considerations
181
5.1.1
Input and Output
Impedances
182
5.1.2
Biasing
186
5.1.3
DC and Small-Signal Analysis
186
5.2
Operating Point Analysis and
Design
188
5.2.1
Simple Biasing
189
5.2.2
Resistive Divider Biasing
192
5.2.3
Biasing with Emitter
Degeneration
195
5.2.4
Self-Biased Stage
199
5.2.5
Biasing of PNP Transistors
202
5.3
Bipolar Amplifier Topologies
206
5.3.1
Common-Emitter Topology
207
5.3.2
Common-Base Topology
233
5.3.3
Emitter Follower
250
5.4
Summary and Additional
Examples
258
5.5
Chapter Summary
264
Problems
264
SPICE Problems
285
6
PHYSICS OF
MOS
TRANSISTORS
288
6.1
Structure of MOSFET
288
6.2
Operation of MOSFET
291
6.2.1
Qualitative Analysis
291
6.2.2
Derivation of I/V
Characteristics
297
6.2.3
Channel-Length Modulation
306
6.2.4
MOS Transconductance
308
6.2.5
Velocity Saturation
310
6.2.6
Other Second-Order Effects
310
6.3
MOS
Device Models
31
1
6.3.1
Large-Signal Model
311
6.3.2
Small-Signal Model
313
6.4
PMOS Transistor
314
6.5
CMOS Technology
316
6.6
Comparison of Bipolar and
MOS
Devices
317
6.7
Chapter Summary
317
Problems
318
SPICE Problems
327
7
CMOS AMPLIFIERS
329
7.1
General Considerations
329
7.1.1
MOS
Amplifier Topologies
329
7.1.2
Biasing
329
7.1.3
Realization of Current
Sources
333
7.2
Common-Source Stage
334
7.2.1
CSCore
334
7.2.2
CS Stage With Current-Source
Load
337
7.2.3
CS Stage With Diode-Connected
Load
338
7.2.4
CS Stage With Degeneration
340
7.2.5
CS Core With Biasing
343
7.3
Common-Gate Stage
345
7.3.1 CG
Stage With Biasing
350
7.4
Source Follower
351
7.4.1
Source Follower Core
352
7.4.2
Source Follower With
Biasing
354
7.5
Summary and Additional
Examples
356
7.6
Chapter Summary
360
Problems
360
SPICE Problems
378
8
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER AS A
BLACKBOX 380
8.1
General Considerations
381
8.2
Op-Amp-Based Circuits
383
8.2.1
Noninverting Amplifier
383
8.2.2
Inverting Amplifier
385
8.2.3
Integrator and
Differentiator
388
8.2.4
Voltage Adder
395
8.3
Nonlinear Functions
396
8.3.1
Precision Rectifier
396
8.3.2
Logarithmic Amplifier
397
8.3.3
Square-Root Amplifier
398
8.4
Op Amp Nonidealities
399
8.4.1
DC Offsets
399
8.4.2
Input Bias Current
402
8.4.3
Speed Limitations
405
8.4.4
Finite Input and Output
Impedances
410
Content
xxi
8.5
Design
Examples
411
8.6
Chapter Summary
413
Problems
414
SPICE Problems
423
9
CASCODE STAGES AND
CURRENT MIRRORS
425
9.1
Cascode Stage
425
9.1.1
Cascode as a Current Source
425
9.1.2
Cascode as an Amplifier
432
9.2
Current Mirrors
441
9.2.1
Initial Thoughts
441
9.2.2
Bipolar Current Mirror
442
9.2.3
MOS
Current Mirror
451
9.3
Chapter Summary
454
Problems
455
SPICE Problems
470
10
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIERS
473
10.1
General Considerations
473
10.1.1
Initial Thoughts
473
10.1.2
Differential Signals
475
10.1.3
Differential Pair
478
10.2
Bipolar Differential Pair
479
10.2.1
Qualitative Analysis
479
10.2.2
Large-Signal Analysis
484
10.2.3
Small-Signal Analysis
488
10.3
MOS
Differential Pair
494
10.3.1
Qualitative Analysis
495
10.3.2
Large-Signal Analysis
499
10.3.3
Small-Signal Analysis
503
10.4
Cascode Differential Amplifiers
507
10.5
Common-Mode Rejection
511
10.6
Differential Pair with Active
Load
515
10.6.1
Qualitative Analysis
516
10.6.2
Quantitative Analysis
518
10.7
Chapter Summary
523
Problems
524
SPICE Problems
541
11
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
544
11.1
Fundamental Concepts
544
11.1.1
General Considerations
544
11.1.2
Relationship Between Transfer
Function and Frequency
Response
547
11.1.3
Bode s Rules
550
11.1.4
Association of Poles with
Nodes
551
11.1.5
Miller s Theorem
553
11.1.6
General Frequency
Response
556
11.2
High-Frequency Models of
Transistors
559
11.2.1
High-Frequency Model of
Bipolar Transistor
559
11.2.2
High-Frequency Model of
MOSFET
561
11.2.3
Transit Frequency
563
11.3
Analysis Procedure
564
11.4
Frequency Response of
CE
and CS
Stages
565
11.4.1
Low-Frequency
Response
565
11.4.2
High-Frequency
Response
566
11.4.3
Use of Miller s Theorem
566
11.4.4
Direct Analysis
569
11.4.5
Input Impedance
572
11.5
Frequency Response of CB and
CG
Stages
573
11.5.1
Low-Frequency Response
573
11.5.2
High-Frequency Response
574
11.6
Frequency Response of
Followers
576
11.6.1
Input and Output
Impedances
580
11.7
Frequency Response of Cascode
Stage
583
11.7.1
Input and Output
Impedances
587
11.8
Frequency Response of Differential
Pairs
588
11.8.1
Common-Mode Frequency
Response
590
11.9
Additional Examples
591
11.10
Chapter Summary
595
Problems
596
SPICE Problems
607
xxii
Content
12
FEEDBACK
ею
12.1
General
Considerations
610
12.1.1
Loop Gain
613
12.2
Properties of Negative
Feedback
614
12.2.1
Gain Desensitization
614
12.2.2
Bandwidth Extension
616
12.2.3
Modification of I/O
Impedances
618
12.2.4
Linearity Improvement
622
12.3
Types of Amplifiers
622
12.3.1
Simple Amplifier Models
623
12.3.2
Examples of Amplifier
Types
624
12.4
Sense and Return Techniques
626
12.5
Polarity of Feedback
629
12.6
Feedback Topologies
631
12.6.1
Voltage-Voltage Feedback
631
12.6.2
Voltage-Current Feedback
636
12.6.3
Current-Voltage Feedback
639
12.6.4
Current-Current Feedback
644
12.7
Effect of
Nonideal
I/O
Impedances
647
12.7.1
Inclusion of I/O Effects
648
12.8
Stability in Feedback Systems
660
12.8.1
Review of Bode s Rules
660
12.8.2
Problem of Instability
662
12.8.3
Stability Condition
665
12.8.4
Phase Margin
668
12.8.5
Frequency Compensation
670
12.8.6
Miller Compensation
673
12.9
Chapter Summary
674
Problems
675
SPICE Problems
691
13
OUTPUT STAGES AND POWER
AMPLIFIERS
694
13.1
General Considerations
694
13.2
Emitter Follower as Power
Amplifier
695
13.3
Push-Pull Stage
698
13.4
Improved Push-Pull Stage
701
13.4.1
Reduction of Crossover
Distortion
701
13.4.2
Addition of
CE
Stage
705
13.5
Large-Signal Considerations
708
13.5.1
Biasing Issues
708
13.5.2
Omission of PNP Power
Transistor
709
13.5.3
High-Fidelity Design
712
13.6
Short-Circuit
Protection
713
13.7
Heat Dissipation
713
13.7.1
Emitter Follower Power
Rating
714
13.7.2
Push-Pull Stage Power
Rating
715
13.7.3
Thermal Runaway
716
13.8
Efficiency
718
13.8.1
Efficiency of Emitter
Follower
718
13.8.2
Efficiency of Push-Pull
Stage
719
13.9
Power Amplifier Classes
720
13.10
Chapter Summary
721
Problems
722
SPICE Problems
728
14
ANALOG FILTERS
731
14.1
General Considerations
731
14.1.1
Filter Characteristics
732
14.1.2
Classification of Filters
733
14.1.3
Filter Transfer Function
737
14.1.4
Problem of Sensitivity
740
14.2
First-Order Filters
741
14.3
Second-Order Filters
744
14.3.1
Special Cases
744
14.3.2
RLC Realizations
748
14.4
Active Filters
753
14.4.1
Sallen
and Key Filter
753
14.4.2
Integrator-Based
Biquads
758
14.4.3
Biquads Using Simulated
Inductors
762
14.5
Approximation of Filter
Response
768
14.5.1
Butterworth Response
768
14.5.2
Chebyshev Response
772
14.6
Chapter Summary
777
Problems
778
SPICE Problems
784
Content
xxiii
15
DIGITAL CMOS CIRCUITS
786
15.1
General
Considerations
786
15.1.1
Static
Characterization of
Gates
787
15.1.2
Dynamic Characterization of
Gates
794
15.1.3
Power-Speed Trade-Off
797
15.2
CMOS Inverter
799
15.2.1
Initial Thoughts
799
15.2.2
Voltage Transfer
Characteristic
801
15.2.3
Dynamic Characteristics
807
15.2.4
Power Dissipation
812
15.3
CMOS NOR and
NAND
Gates
816
15.3.1
NOR Gate
816
15.3.2
NAND
Gate
819
15.4
Chapter Summary
820
Problems
821
SPICE Problems
827
16
CMOS AMPLIFIERS*
829
16.1
General Considerations
829
16.1.1
Input and Output
Impedances
830
16.1.2
Biasing
834
16.1.3
DC and Small-Signal
Analysis
835
16.2
Operating Point Analysis and
Design
836
16.2.1
Simple Biasing
838
16.2.2
Biasing with Source
Degeneration
840
16.2.3
Self-Biased Stage
843
16.2.4
Biasing of PMOS
Transistors
844
16.2.5
Realization of Current
Sources
845
16.3
CMOS Amplifier Topologies
846
16.4
Common-Source Topology
847
16.4.1
CS Stage with Current-Source
Load
852
16.4.2
CS Stage with Diode-Connected
Load
853
16.4.3
CS Stage with Source
Degeneration
854
16.4.4
Common-Gate Topology
866
16.4.5
Source Follower
877
16.5
Additional Examples
883
16.6
Chapter Summary
887
Problems
888
SPICE Problems
906
Appendix A INTRODUCTION TO
SPICE
909
Index
928
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
1
INTRODUCTION
TO
MICROELECTRONICS 1
1.1
Electronics versus Microelectronics
1
1.2
Examples of Electronic Systems
2
1.2.1
Cellular Telephone
2
1.2.2
Digital Camera
5
1.2.3
Analog Versus Digital
7
1.3
Basic Concepts
8
1.3.1
Analog and Digital Signals
8
1.3.2
Analog Circuits
10
1.3.3
Digital Circuits
11
1.3.4
Basic Circuit Theorems
13
1.4
Chapter Summary
20
2
BASIC PHYSICS OF
SEMICONDUCTORS
21
2.1
Semiconductor Materials and Their
Properties
22
2.1.1
Charge Carriers in Solids
22
2.1.2
Modification of Carrier
Densities
25
2.1.3
Transport of Carriers
28
2.2
pn Junction
36
2.2.1
pn Junction in Equilibrium
37
2.2.2
pn Junction Under Reverse Bias
42
2.2.3
pn Junction Under Forward Bias
46
2.2.4
I/V Characteristics
49
2.3
Reverse Breakdown
54
2.3.1
Zener Breakdown
54
2.3.2
Avalanche Breakdown
55
2.4
Chapter Summary
55
Problems
56
SPICE Problems
60
3
DIODE MODELS AND
CIRCUITS
62
3.1
Ideal Diode
62
3.1.1
Initial Thoughts
62
3.1.2
Ideal Diode
64
3.1.3
Application Examples
68
3.2
pn Junction as a Diode
73
3.3
Additional Examples
75
3.4
Large-Signal and Small-Signal
Operation
80
3.5
Applications of Diodes
89
3.5.1
Half-Wave and Full-Wave
Rectifiers
89
3.5.2
Voltage Regulation
102
3.5.3
Limiting Circuits
104
3.5.4
Voltage
Doublers 108
3.5.5
Diodes as Level Shifters and
Switches
112
3.6
Chapter Summary
115
Problems
116
SPICE Problems
126
4
PHYSICS OF BIPOLAR
TRANSISTORS
128
4.1
General Considerations
128
4.2
Structure of Bipolar Transistor
130
4.3
Operation of Bipolar Transistor in
Active Mode
131
4.3.1
Collector Current
134
4.3.2
Base and Emitter Currents
137
4.4
Bipolar Transistor Models and
Characteristics
139
4.4.1
Large-Signal Model
139
4.4.2
I/V Characteristics
141
4.4.3
Concept of
Transconductance
143
4.4.4
Small-Signal Model
145
4.4.5
Early Effect
150
4.5
Operation of Bipolar Transistor in
Saturation Mode
156
4.6
The PNP Transistor
159
4.6.1
Structure and Operation
160
4.6.2
Large-Signal Model
160
4.6.3
Small-Signal Model
163
4.7
Chapter Summary
167
Problems
167
SPICE Problems
178
xix
xx
Content
5 BIPOLAR
AMPLIFIERS 181
5.1
General Considerations
181
5.1.1
Input and Output
Impedances
182
5.1.2
Biasing
186
5.1.3
DC and Small-Signal Analysis
186
5.2
Operating Point Analysis and
Design
188
5.2.1
Simple Biasing
189
5.2.2
Resistive Divider Biasing
192
5.2.3
Biasing with Emitter
Degeneration
195
5.2.4
Self-Biased Stage
199
5.2.5
Biasing of PNP Transistors
202
5.3
Bipolar Amplifier Topologies
206
5.3.1
Common-Emitter Topology
207
5.3.2
Common-Base Topology
233
5.3.3
Emitter Follower
250
5.4
Summary and Additional
Examples
258
5.5
Chapter Summary
264
Problems
264
SPICE Problems
285
6
PHYSICS OF
MOS
TRANSISTORS
288
6.1
Structure of MOSFET
288
6.2
Operation of MOSFET
291
6.2.1
Qualitative Analysis
291
6.2.2
Derivation of I/V
Characteristics
297
6.2.3
Channel-Length Modulation
306
6.2.4
MOS Transconductance
308
6.2.5
Velocity Saturation
310
6.2.6
Other Second-Order Effects
310
6.3
MOS
Device Models
31
1
6.3.1
Large-Signal Model
311
6.3.2
Small-Signal Model
313
6.4
PMOS Transistor
314
6.5
CMOS Technology
316
6.6
Comparison of Bipolar and
MOS
Devices
317
6.7
Chapter Summary
317
Problems
318
SPICE Problems
327
7
CMOS AMPLIFIERS
329
7.1
General Considerations
329
7.1.1
MOS
Amplifier Topologies
329
7.1.2
Biasing
329
7.1.3
Realization of Current
Sources
333
7.2
Common-Source Stage
334
7.2.1
CSCore
334
7.2.2
CS Stage With Current-Source
Load
337
7.2.3
CS Stage With Diode-Connected
Load
338
7.2.4
CS Stage With Degeneration
340
7.2.5
CS Core With Biasing
343
7.3
Common-Gate Stage
345
7.3.1 CG
Stage With Biasing
350
7.4
Source Follower
351
7.4.1
Source Follower Core
352
7.4.2
Source Follower With
Biasing
354
7.5
Summary and Additional
Examples
356
7.6
Chapter Summary
360
Problems
360
SPICE Problems
378
8
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER AS A
BLACKBOX 380
8.1
General Considerations
381
8.2
Op-Amp-Based Circuits
383
8.2.1
Noninverting Amplifier
383
8.2.2
Inverting Amplifier
385
8.2.3
Integrator and
Differentiator
388
8.2.4
Voltage Adder
395
8.3
Nonlinear Functions
396
8.3.1
Precision Rectifier
396
8.3.2
Logarithmic Amplifier
397
8.3.3
Square-Root Amplifier
398
8.4
Op Amp Nonidealities
399
8.4.1
DC Offsets
399
8.4.2
Input Bias Current
402
8.4.3
Speed Limitations
405
8.4.4
Finite Input and Output
Impedances
410
Content
xxi
8.5
Design
Examples
411
8.6
Chapter Summary
413
Problems
414
SPICE Problems
423
9
CASCODE STAGES AND
CURRENT MIRRORS
425
9.1
Cascode Stage
425
9.1.1
Cascode as a Current Source
425
9.1.2
Cascode as an Amplifier
432
9.2
Current Mirrors
441
9.2.1
Initial Thoughts
441
9.2.2
Bipolar Current Mirror
442
9.2.3
MOS
Current Mirror
451
9.3
Chapter Summary
454
Problems
455
SPICE Problems
470
10
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIERS
473
10.1
General Considerations
473
10.1.1
Initial Thoughts
473
10.1.2
Differential Signals
475
10.1.3
Differential Pair
478
10.2
Bipolar Differential Pair
479
10.2.1
Qualitative Analysis
479
10.2.2
Large-Signal Analysis
484
10.2.3
Small-Signal Analysis
488
10.3
MOS
Differential Pair
494
10.3.1
Qualitative Analysis
495
10.3.2
Large-Signal Analysis
499
10.3.3
Small-Signal Analysis
503
10.4
Cascode Differential Amplifiers
507
10.5
Common-Mode Rejection
511
10.6
Differential Pair with Active
Load
515
10.6.1
Qualitative Analysis
516
10.6.2
Quantitative Analysis
518
10.7
Chapter Summary
523
Problems
524
SPICE Problems
541
11
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
544
11.1
Fundamental Concepts
544
11.1.1
General Considerations
544
11.1.2
Relationship Between Transfer
Function and Frequency
Response
547
11.1.3
Bode's Rules
550
11.1.4
Association of Poles with
Nodes
551
11.1.5
Miller's Theorem
553
11.1.6
General Frequency
Response
556
11.2
High-Frequency Models of
Transistors
559
11.2.1
High-Frequency Model of
Bipolar Transistor
559
11.2.2
High-Frequency Model of
MOSFET
561
11.2.3
Transit Frequency
563
11.3
Analysis Procedure
564
11.4
Frequency Response of
CE
and CS
Stages
565
11.4.1
Low-Frequency
Response
565
11.4.2
High-Frequency
Response
566
11.4.3
Use of Miller's Theorem
566
11.4.4
Direct Analysis
569
11.4.5
Input Impedance
572
11.5
Frequency Response of CB and
CG
Stages
573
11.5.1
Low-Frequency Response
573
11.5.2
High-Frequency Response
574
11.6
Frequency Response of
Followers
576
11.6.1
Input and Output
Impedances
580
11.7
Frequency Response of Cascode
Stage
583
11.7.1
Input and Output
Impedances
587
11.8
Frequency Response of Differential
Pairs
588
11.8.1
Common-Mode Frequency
Response
590
11.9
Additional Examples
591
11.10
Chapter Summary
595
Problems
596
SPICE Problems
607
xxii
Content
12
FEEDBACK
ею
12.1
General
Considerations
610
12.1.1
Loop Gain
613
12.2
Properties of Negative
Feedback
614
12.2.1
Gain Desensitization
614
12.2.2
Bandwidth Extension
616
12.2.3
Modification of I/O
Impedances
618
12.2.4
Linearity Improvement
622
12.3
Types of Amplifiers
622
12.3.1
Simple Amplifier Models
623
12.3.2
Examples of Amplifier
Types
624
12.4
Sense and Return Techniques
626
12.5
Polarity of Feedback
629
12.6
Feedback Topologies
631
12.6.1
Voltage-Voltage Feedback
631
12.6.2
Voltage-Current Feedback
636
12.6.3
Current-Voltage Feedback
639
12.6.4
Current-Current Feedback
644
12.7
Effect of
Nonideal
I/O
Impedances
647
12.7.1
Inclusion of I/O Effects
648
12.8
Stability in Feedback Systems
660
12.8.1
Review of Bode's Rules
660
12.8.2
Problem of Instability
662
12.8.3
Stability Condition
665
12.8.4
Phase Margin
668
12.8.5
Frequency Compensation
670
12.8.6
Miller Compensation
673
12.9
Chapter Summary
674
Problems
675
SPICE Problems
691
13
OUTPUT STAGES AND POWER
AMPLIFIERS
694
13.1
General Considerations
694
13.2
Emitter Follower as Power
Amplifier
695
13.3
Push-Pull Stage
698
13.4
Improved Push-Pull Stage
701
13.4.1
Reduction of Crossover
Distortion
701
13.4.2
Addition of
CE
Stage
705
13.5
Large-Signal Considerations
708
13.5.1
Biasing Issues
708
13.5.2
Omission of PNP Power
Transistor
709
13.5.3
High-Fidelity Design
712
13.6
Short-Circuit
Protection
713
13.7
Heat Dissipation
713
13.7.1
Emitter Follower Power
Rating
714
13.7.2
Push-Pull Stage Power
Rating
715
13.7.3
Thermal Runaway
716
13.8
Efficiency
718
13.8.1
Efficiency of Emitter
Follower
718
13.8.2
Efficiency of Push-Pull
Stage
719
13.9
Power Amplifier Classes
720
13.10
Chapter Summary
721
Problems
722
SPICE Problems
728
14
ANALOG FILTERS
731
14.1
General Considerations
731
14.1.1
Filter Characteristics
732
14.1.2
Classification of Filters
733
14.1.3
Filter Transfer Function
737
14.1.4
Problem of Sensitivity
740
14.2
First-Order Filters
741
14.3
Second-Order Filters
744
14.3.1
Special Cases
744
14.3.2
RLC Realizations
748
14.4
Active Filters
753
14.4.1
Sallen
and Key Filter
753
14.4.2
Integrator-Based
Biquads
758
14.4.3
Biquads Using Simulated
Inductors
762
14.5
Approximation of Filter
Response
768
14.5.1
Butterworth Response
768
14.5.2
Chebyshev Response
772
14.6
Chapter Summary
777
Problems
778
SPICE Problems
784
Content
xxiii
15
DIGITAL CMOS CIRCUITS
786
15.1
General
Considerations
786
15.1.1
Static
Characterization of
Gates
787
15.1.2
Dynamic Characterization of
Gates
794
15.1.3
Power-Speed Trade-Off
797
15.2
CMOS Inverter
799
15.2.1
Initial Thoughts
799
15.2.2
Voltage Transfer
Characteristic
801
15.2.3
Dynamic Characteristics
807
15.2.4
Power Dissipation
812
15.3
CMOS NOR and
NAND
Gates
816
15.3.1
NOR Gate
816
15.3.2
NAND
Gate
819
15.4
Chapter Summary
820
Problems
821
SPICE Problems
827
16
CMOS AMPLIFIERS*
829
16.1
General Considerations
829
16.1.1
Input and Output
Impedances
830
16.1.2
Biasing
834
16.1.3
DC and Small-Signal
Analysis
835
16.2
Operating Point Analysis and
Design
836
16.2.1
Simple Biasing
838
16.2.2
Biasing with Source
Degeneration
840
16.2.3
Self-Biased Stage
843
16.2.4
Biasing of PMOS
Transistors
844
16.2.5
Realization of Current
Sources
845
16.3
CMOS Amplifier Topologies
846
16.4
Common-Source Topology
847
16.4.1
CS Stage with Current-Source
Load
852
16.4.2
CS Stage with Diode-Connected
Load
853
16.4.3
CS Stage with Source
Degeneration
854
16.4.4
Common-Gate Topology
866
16.4.5
Source Follower
877
16.5
Additional Examples
883
16.6
Chapter Summary
887
Problems
888
SPICE Problems
906
Appendix A INTRODUCTION TO
SPICE
909
Index
928 |
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| author | Razavi, Behzad |
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| discipline_str_mv | Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:15:43Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:09:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780471478461 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Razavi, Behzad Verfasser aut Fundamentals of microelectronics Behzad Razavi Hoboken, NJ Wiley 2008 XXIII, 936 S. zahlr. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Microelectronics Mikroelektronik (DE-588)4039207-7 gnd rswk-swf Mikroelektronik (DE-588)4039207-7 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016231511&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Razavi, Behzad Fundamentals of microelectronics Microelectronics Mikroelektronik (DE-588)4039207-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4039207-7 |
| title | Fundamentals of microelectronics |
| title_auth | Fundamentals of microelectronics |
| title_exact_search | Fundamentals of microelectronics |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Fundamentals of microelectronics |
| title_full | Fundamentals of microelectronics Behzad Razavi |
| title_fullStr | Fundamentals of microelectronics Behzad Razavi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamentals of microelectronics Behzad Razavi |
| title_short | Fundamentals of microelectronics |
| title_sort | fundamentals of microelectronics |
| topic | Microelectronics Mikroelektronik (DE-588)4039207-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Microelectronics Mikroelektronik |
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