EC private antitrust enforcement Decentralised application of EC competition law by National Courts

This book presents the rise of private enforcement of competition law in Europe, especially in the context of the recent modernisation and decentralisation of EC competition law enforcement.

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1. Verfasser: Komninos, Assimakis P. (VerfasserIn)
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Veröffentlicht: Oxford [u.a.] Hart 2008
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650 4 |a Antitrust law  |z European Union countries 
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adam_text CONTENTS FOREWORD VII INTRODUCTION XIII ABBREVIATIONS XXI TABLE OF CASES XXV TABLE OF LEGISLATION, RESOURCES AND OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS XLI 1. EC PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT 1 1. A DELIMITATION OF EC PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT: DEFINITIONS AND MODALITIES 1 (A) DEFINITION 1 (B) THE MODALITIES OF EC PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT 2 (I) SWORD*SHIELD LITIGATION 2 (II) A TITRE PRINCIPAL * A TITRE INCIDENT LITIGATION 3 (III) ADMINISTRATIVE-PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT-*CIVIL-PRIVATE LITIGATION 6 (IV) STAND-ALONE*FOLLOW-ON LITIGATION 6 II. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT AND THE OBJECTIVES OF EC COMPETITION LAW 7 (A) ENFORCEMENT OBJECTIVES 7 (B) ADVANTAGES OF PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT AND ITS COMPLEMENTARITY WITH PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT 8 (C) THE RELEVANCE OF THE GOALS OF EC COMPETITION LAW: BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INTEREST 11 III. THE INDEPENDENCE OF PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT 15 (A) INDEPENDENCE AS PRINCIPLE 15 (B) THE COMMISSION GREEN PAPER AND NATIONAL COMPETITION LAWS ON THE INDEPENDENCE OF PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT 17 (C) PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT: SETTLEMENTS, LENIENCY, AMOUNT OF FINES AND DAMAGES 19 (I) SETTLEMENTS 19 (II) LENIENCY 20 (III) FINES AND DAMAGES 21 2. THE INSTITUTIONAL LAW ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF EC COMPETITION LAW BY NATIONAL COURTS 25 I. THE OLD ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORISATION AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEM 25 (A) THE FOUNDATIONAL PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM 25 (B) COMPETENCE OF CIVIL COURTS TO APPLY ARTICLES 81(1),(2) AND 82 EC 27 (C) COMPETENCE OF CIVIL COURTS TO APPLY ARTICLE 81(3) EC 29 (D) THE CASE OF BLOCK EXEMPTIONS 33 XVIII CONTENTS (E) THE CASE OF COMFORT LETTERS 34 (F) COMPETENCE OF CIVIL COURTS IN MERGER CASES? 36 II. THE ADVENT OF MODERNISATION AND THE PASSAGE TO A LEGAL EXCEPTION SYSTEM 39 (A) THE 1999 WHITE PAPER AND THE REASONS THAT LAY BEHIND IT 39 (B) MODERNISATION AND DECENTRALISATION BETWEEN SUBSTANCE AND PROCEDURE 42 (C) THE LEGAL AND CULTURAL REVOLUTION OF THE 1999 WHITE PAPER 45 (I) IS SUBSIDIARITY RELEVANT? 46 (II) THE BASIC REVOLUTIONARY ELEMENTS OF THE 1999 WHITE PAPER 48 (III) THE COMPATIBILITY OF THE NEW SYSTEM WITH THE TREATY 48 (IV) EFFICIENCY OF COMPETITION LAW ENFORCEMENT UNDER THE NEW SYSTEM 54 (V) CONSISTENCY AND COHERENCE OF THE NEW ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM 56 (VI) LEGAL CERTAINTY IN THE NEW ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM 57 (D) THE NEW REGULATION 1/2003 59 III. THE PILLARS OF THE NEW DECENTRALISED SYSTEM OF EC COMPETITION LAW ENFORCEMENT: CENTRALISED DECENTRALISATION ? 63 (A) STRENGTHENING THE SUPREMACY OF COMMUNITY OVER NATIONAL COMPETITION LAW 63 (I) THE CONFIRMATION OF THE BROAD NATURE OF THE EFFECT ON TRADE AMONG MEMBER STATES 64 (II) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY COMPETITION LAW*THE PRE-EXISTING UNSATISFACTORY STATE OF THE LAW 66 (III) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY COMPETITION LAW*THE SUPREMACY RULE OF ARTICLE 3 OF REGULATION 1/2003 69 (IV) THE PROGRESS BROUGHT BY ARTICLE 3 72 (B) THE NEW INSTITUTIONAL POSITION OF NATIONAL COMPETITION AUTHORITIES AND THE EUROPEAN COMPETITION NETWORK 75 (I) THE POWERS OFNCAS UNDER THE NEW SYSTEM 76 (II) COOPERATION MECHANISMS WITHIN THE EUROPEAN COMPETITION NETWORK 78 (III) ALLOCATION OF CASES 81 (IV) EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION 82 (C) THE NEW INSTITUTIONAL POSITION OF CIVIL COURTS 84 (I) THE POWERS OF NATIONAL COURTS UNDER THE NEW SYSTEM 84 A. THE COURTS NEW COMPETENCE TO APPLY ARTICLE 81(3) EC 84 B. THE SPECIFIC LANGUAGE OF REGULATION 1/2003 85 C. REMNANTS OF PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT MONOPOLY: WITHDRAWAL OF THE BENEFIT OF A BLOCK EXEMPTION REGULATION 87 D. THE NEW COMPETENCE TO ENFORCE COMMISSION COMMITMENTS DECISIONS 89 (II) CO-OPERATION MECHANISMS BETWEEN THE COMMISSION AND NATIONAL COURTS 90 (III) THE RIGHT OF NATIONAL COURTS TO SEEK THE COMMISSION S ASSISTANCE 94 A. REINFORCING AN ALREADY EXISTING PROCEDURE 94 B. PROCEDURAL QUESTIONS 96 (IV) INFORMATION EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE COMMISSION AND NATIONAL COURTS 99 (V) THE DUTY OF MEMBER STATES TO TRANSMIT COPIES OF JUDGMENTS TO THE COMMISSION 102 CONTENTS XIX (VI) THE AMICUS CURIAE MECHANISM 104 (VII) OTHER INDIRECT CO-OPERATION MECHANISMS OR SUPPORT FOR NATIONAL COURTS 108 A. GUIDANCE LETTERS 108 B. REGULATION 1049/2001 110 (D) STRENGTHENING THE SUPREMACY OF COMMUNITY OVER NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS 112 (I) MASTERFOODS AND ARTICLE 16 OF REGULATION 1/2003 112 (II) THE SCOPE OF THE SUPREMACY RULE 115 A. POSITIVE BINDING EFFECT V. NEGATIVE DUTY OF ABSTENTION 115 B. NON-APPLICABILITY OF THE SUPREMACY RULE TO NATIONAL COMPETITION AUTHORITIES DECISIONS 117 (III) THE CONCEPT OF CONFLICT 119 A. MAXIMALIST OR MINIMALIST INTERPRETATION? 119 B. CREHAN AND THE HOUSE OF LORDS 122 (IV) RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS BETWEEN COMMISSION AND NATIONAL CIVIL COURT PROCEEDINGS 124 A. FIRST SCENARIO: PENDING NATIONAL COURT PROCEEDINGS AND ENVISAGED OR FINAL COMMISSION DECISION 124 B. SECOND SCENARIO: NON-FINAL NATIONAL COURT JUDGMENT AND ENVISAGED COMMISSION DECISION 126 C. THIRD SCENARIO: FINAL NATIONAL COURT JUDGMENT FINDING INAPPLICABLE THE COMPETITION RULES AND ENVISAGED APPLICABILITY COMMISSION DECISION 128 D. FOURTH SCENARIO: FINAL NATIONAL COURT JUDGMENT FINDING A VIOLATION OF THE COMPETITION RULES AND ENVISAGED INAPPLICABILITY COMMISSION DECISION 135 E. FIFTH SCENARIO: THE SPECIAL CASE OF COMMISSION COMMITMENT DECISIONS UNDER ARTICLE 9 OF REGULATION 1/2003 137 3. THE SUBSTANTIVE AND PROCEDURAL LAW ASPECTS OF EC PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT 141 I. MOVING FROM A DECENTRALISED SYSTEM TO A SYSTEM OF PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT 141 (A) DECENTRALISATION: A NECESSARY BUT INSUFFICIENT TOOL TO PROMOTE PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT 141 (B) EC PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT BETWEEN NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY LAW 142 (C) NATIONAL REMEDIAL AND PROCEDURAL AUTONOMY: A NEW APPROACH 147 II. THE SUBSTANTIVE LAW FRAMEWORK 149 (A) NULLITY 149 (I) NULLITY OF ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS UNDER ARTICLE 81 (2) EC 149 (II) THE NATURE OF THE ARTICLE 81(2) EC NULLITY 150 (III) COMPETITION AUTHORITIES AND ARTICLE 81(2) EC 155 (IV) THE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF NULLITY: SEVERANCE AND RELATED CONTRACTS 156 (V) NULLITY UNDER ARTICLE 82 EC 158 (B) DAMAGES ACTIONS 160 (I) FROM NON-EXISTENCE TO THE AWAKENING OF EC PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT 160 (II) THE BRUSSELS WAY TO COURAGE 162 XX CONTENTS (III) THE LUXEMBOURG WAY TO COURAGE 165 (IV) COURAGE V CREHAN: THE CONSECRATION OF A COMMUNITY RIGHT TO DAMAGES 167 (V) COURAGE SEEN BETWEEN COMMUNITY AND NATIONAL LAW 170 (VI) MANFREDI 174 FVII) THE IMPORTANCE OF COURAGE FOR COMMUNITY LAW IN GENERAL 176 (VIII) POST- COURAGE DEVELOPMENTS: THE COMMISSION GREEN PAPER ON DAMAGES 179 (IX) POST-COURAGE NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS 183 (X) POST-COURAGE NATIONAL CASE LAW DEVELOPMENTS 187 (XI) THE CONDITIONS OF CIVIL LIABILITY 190 A. STANDING 190 B. FAULT 194 C. DEFENCES 197 D. THE PASSING-ON DEFENCE 199 E. STANDING OF INDIRECT PURCHASERS AND CONSUMERS 202 F. THE NATURE OF HARM AND CAUSATION 207 G. NATURE AND MEASURE OF DAMAGES 210 H. PUNITIVE DAMAGES 211 (C) PERMANENT INJUNCTIONS 214 (D) PRELIMINARY INJUNCTIONS 217 (E) RESTITUTION AND DECLARATORY ACTIONS 219 III. THE PROCEDURAL LAW FRAMEWORK 220 (A) NATIONAL PROCEDURAL DIVERGENCES AND THE CHALLENGE FOR AN EFFECTIVE SYSTEM OF EC PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT 220 (B) THE EX OJFICIO APPLICATION OF EC COMPETITION LAW 221 (C) RULES OF EVIDENCE 225 (I) INHERENT AND SYSTEMIC DIFFICULTIES OF PROOF IN EUROPE 225 (II) INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSES 228 (III) OTHER CONCRETE PROCEDURAL SOLUTIONS 230 (D) COLLECTIVE AND REPRESENTATIVE CLAIMS 232 (E) COSTS 235 (F) OTHER PROCEDURAL QUESTIONS 237 IV. PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW ASPECTS 239 (A) APPLICABLE LAW 239 (I) EC COMPETITION LAW AS APPLICABLE LAW 239 (II) LAW APPLICABLE TO THE CIVIL CLAIM*INTRA-EU CONTEXT 243 (III) LAW APPLICABLE TO THE CIVIL CLAIM*EXTRA-EU CONTEXT 247 A. FIRST HYPOTHESIS: EU FORUM 247 B. SECOND HYPOTHESIS: NON-EU FORUM 249 (B) JURISDICTION AND ENFORCEMENT 250 (I) JURISDICTION 250 (II) ENFORCEMENT*FULL FAITH AND CREDIT 254 (III) ENFORCEMENT*PUBLIC POLICY VIOLATION AS ULTIMUM REFUGIUM 257 BIBLIOGRAPHY 261 INDEX 307
adam_txt CONTENTS FOREWORD VII INTRODUCTION XIII ABBREVIATIONS XXI TABLE OF CASES XXV TABLE OF LEGISLATION, RESOURCES AND OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS XLI 1. EC PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT 1 1. A DELIMITATION OF EC PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT: DEFINITIONS AND MODALITIES 1 (A) DEFINITION 1 (B) THE MODALITIES OF EC PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT 2 (I) SWORD*SHIELD LITIGATION 2 (II) A TITRE PRINCIPAL * A TITRE INCIDENT LITIGATION 3 (III) ADMINISTRATIVE-PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT-*CIVIL-PRIVATE LITIGATION 6 (IV) STAND-ALONE*FOLLOW-ON LITIGATION 6 II. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT AND THE OBJECTIVES OF EC COMPETITION LAW 7 (A) ENFORCEMENT OBJECTIVES 7 (B) ADVANTAGES OF PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT AND ITS COMPLEMENTARITY WITH PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT 8 (C) THE RELEVANCE OF THE GOALS OF EC COMPETITION LAW: BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INTEREST 11 III. THE INDEPENDENCE OF PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT 15 (A) INDEPENDENCE AS PRINCIPLE 15 (B) THE COMMISSION GREEN PAPER AND NATIONAL COMPETITION LAWS ON THE INDEPENDENCE OF PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT 17 (C) PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT: SETTLEMENTS, LENIENCY, AMOUNT OF FINES AND DAMAGES 19 (I) SETTLEMENTS 19 (II) LENIENCY 20 (III) FINES AND DAMAGES 21 2. THE INSTITUTIONAL LAW ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF EC COMPETITION LAW BY NATIONAL COURTS 25 I. THE OLD ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORISATION AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEM 25 (A) THE 'FOUNDATIONAL' PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM 25 (B) COMPETENCE OF CIVIL COURTS TO APPLY ARTICLES 81(1),(2) AND 82 EC 27 (C) COMPETENCE OF CIVIL COURTS TO APPLY ARTICLE 81(3) EC 29 (D) THE CASE OF BLOCK EXEMPTIONS 33 XVIII CONTENTS (E) THE CASE OF COMFORT LETTERS 34 (F) COMPETENCE OF CIVIL COURTS IN MERGER CASES? 36 II. THE ADVENT OF MODERNISATION AND THE PASSAGE TO A LEGAL EXCEPTION SYSTEM 39 (A) THE 1999 WHITE PAPER AND THE REASONS THAT LAY BEHIND IT 39 (B) MODERNISATION AND DECENTRALISATION BETWEEN SUBSTANCE AND PROCEDURE 42 (C) THE 'LEGAL AND CULTURAL REVOLUTION' OF THE 1999 WHITE PAPER 45 (I) IS SUBSIDIARITY RELEVANT? 46 (II) THE BASIC REVOLUTIONARY ELEMENTS OF THE 1999 WHITE PAPER 48 (III) THE COMPATIBILITY OF THE NEW SYSTEM WITH THE TREATY 48 (IV) EFFICIENCY OF COMPETITION LAW ENFORCEMENT UNDER THE NEW SYSTEM 54 (V) CONSISTENCY AND COHERENCE OF THE NEW ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM 56 (VI) LEGAL CERTAINTY IN THE NEW ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM 57 (D) THE NEW REGULATION 1/2003 59 III. THE PILLARS OF THE NEW DECENTRALISED SYSTEM OF EC COMPETITION LAW ENFORCEMENT: 'CENTRALISED DECENTRALISATION'? 63 (A) STRENGTHENING THE SUPREMACY OF COMMUNITY OVER NATIONAL COMPETITION LAW 63 (I) THE CONFIRMATION OF THE BROAD NATURE OF THE EFFECT ON TRADE AMONG MEMBER STATES 64 (II) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY COMPETITION LAW*THE PRE-EXISTING UNSATISFACTORY STATE OF THE LAW 66 (III) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY COMPETITION LAW*THE SUPREMACY RULE OF ARTICLE 3 OF REGULATION 1/2003 69 (IV) THE PROGRESS BROUGHT BY ARTICLE 3 72 (B) THE NEW INSTITUTIONAL POSITION OF NATIONAL COMPETITION AUTHORITIES AND THE EUROPEAN COMPETITION NETWORK 75 (I) THE POWERS OFNCAS UNDER THE NEW SYSTEM 76 (II) COOPERATION MECHANISMS WITHIN THE EUROPEAN COMPETITION NETWORK 78 (III) ALLOCATION OF CASES 81 (IV) EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION 82 (C) THE NEW INSTITUTIONAL POSITION OF CIVIL COURTS 84 (I) THE POWERS OF NATIONAL COURTS UNDER THE NEW SYSTEM 84 A. THE COURTS' NEW COMPETENCE TO APPLY ARTICLE 81(3) EC 84 B. THE SPECIFIC LANGUAGE OF REGULATION 1/2003 85 C. REMNANTS OF PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT MONOPOLY: WITHDRAWAL OF THE BENEFIT OF A BLOCK EXEMPTION REGULATION 87 D. THE NEW COMPETENCE TO ENFORCE COMMISSION COMMITMENTS DECISIONS 89 (II) CO-OPERATION MECHANISMS BETWEEN THE COMMISSION AND NATIONAL COURTS 90 (III) THE RIGHT OF NATIONAL COURTS TO SEEK THE COMMISSION'S ASSISTANCE 94 A. REINFORCING AN ALREADY EXISTING PROCEDURE 94 B. PROCEDURAL QUESTIONS 96 (IV) INFORMATION EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE COMMISSION AND NATIONAL COURTS 99 (V) THE DUTY OF MEMBER STATES TO TRANSMIT COPIES OF JUDGMENTS TO THE COMMISSION 102 CONTENTS XIX (VI) THE AMICUS CURIAE MECHANISM 104 (VII) OTHER INDIRECT CO-OPERATION MECHANISMS OR SUPPORT FOR NATIONAL COURTS 108 A. GUIDANCE LETTERS 108 B. REGULATION 1049/2001 110 (D) STRENGTHENING THE SUPREMACY OF COMMUNITY OVER NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS 112 (I) MASTERFOODS AND ARTICLE 16 OF REGULATION 1/2003 112 (II) THE SCOPE OF THE SUPREMACY RULE 115 A. POSITIVE BINDING EFFECT V. NEGATIVE DUTY OF ABSTENTION 115 B. NON-APPLICABILITY OF THE SUPREMACY RULE TO NATIONAL COMPETITION AUTHORITIES' DECISIONS 117 (III) THE CONCEPT OF'CONFLICT' 119 A. MAXIMALIST OR MINIMALIST INTERPRETATION? 119 B. CREHAN AND THE HOUSE OF LORDS 122 (IV) RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS BETWEEN COMMISSION AND NATIONAL CIVIL COURT PROCEEDINGS 124 A. FIRST SCENARIO: PENDING NATIONAL COURT PROCEEDINGS AND ENVISAGED OR FINAL COMMISSION DECISION 124 B. SECOND SCENARIO: NON-FINAL NATIONAL COURT JUDGMENT AND ENVISAGED COMMISSION DECISION 126 C. THIRD SCENARIO: FINAL NATIONAL COURT JUDGMENT FINDING INAPPLICABLE THE COMPETITION RULES AND ENVISAGED APPLICABILITY COMMISSION DECISION 128 D. FOURTH SCENARIO: FINAL NATIONAL COURT JUDGMENT FINDING A VIOLATION OF THE COMPETITION RULES AND ENVISAGED INAPPLICABILITY COMMISSION DECISION 135 E. FIFTH SCENARIO: THE SPECIAL CASE OF COMMISSION COMMITMENT DECISIONS UNDER ARTICLE 9 OF REGULATION 1/2003 137 3. THE SUBSTANTIVE AND PROCEDURAL LAW ASPECTS OF EC PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT 141 I. MOVING FROM A DECENTRALISED SYSTEM TO A SYSTEM OF PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT 141 (A) DECENTRALISATION: A NECESSARY BUT INSUFFICIENT TOOL TO PROMOTE PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT 141 (B) EC PRIVATE ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT BETWEEN NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY LAW 142 (C) NATIONAL REMEDIAL AND PROCEDURAL AUTONOMY: A NEW APPROACH 147 II. THE SUBSTANTIVE LAW FRAMEWORK 149 (A) NULLITY 149 (I) NULLITY OF ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS UNDER ARTICLE 81 (2) EC 149 (II) THE NATURE OF THE ARTICLE 81(2) EC NULLITY 150 (III) COMPETITION AUTHORITIES AND ARTICLE 81(2) EC 155 (IV) THE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF NULLITY: SEVERANCE AND RELATED CONTRACTS 156 (V) NULLITY UNDER ARTICLE 82 EC 158 (B) DAMAGES ACTIONS 160 (I) FROM NON-EXISTENCE TO THE AWAKENING OF EC PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT 160 (II) THE BRUSSELS WAY TO COURAGE 162 XX CONTENTS (III) THE LUXEMBOURG WAY TO COURAGE 165 (IV) COURAGE V CREHAN: THE CONSECRATION OF A COMMUNITY RIGHT TO DAMAGES 167 (V) COURAGE SEEN BETWEEN COMMUNITY AND NATIONAL LAW 170 (VI) MANFREDI 174 FVII) THE IMPORTANCE OF COURAGE FOR COMMUNITY LAW IN GENERAL 176 (VIII) POST- COURAGE DEVELOPMENTS: THE COMMISSION GREEN PAPER ON DAMAGES 179 (IX) POST-COURAGE NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS 183 (X) POST-COURAGE NATIONAL CASE LAW DEVELOPMENTS 187 (XI) THE CONDITIONS OF CIVIL LIABILITY 190 A. STANDING 190 B. FAULT 194 C. DEFENCES 197 D. THE PASSING-ON DEFENCE 199 E. STANDING OF INDIRECT PURCHASERS AND CONSUMERS 202 F. THE NATURE OF HARM AND CAUSATION 207 G. NATURE AND MEASURE OF DAMAGES 210 H. PUNITIVE DAMAGES 211 (C) PERMANENT INJUNCTIONS 214 (D) PRELIMINARY INJUNCTIONS 217 (E) RESTITUTION AND DECLARATORY ACTIONS 219 III. THE PROCEDURAL LAW FRAMEWORK 220 (A) NATIONAL PROCEDURAL DIVERGENCES AND THE CHALLENGE FOR AN EFFECTIVE SYSTEM OF EC PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT 220 (B) THE EX OJFICIO APPLICATION OF EC COMPETITION LAW 221 (C) RULES OF EVIDENCE 225 (I) INHERENT AND SYSTEMIC DIFFICULTIES OF PROOF IN EUROPE 225 (II) INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSES 228 (III) OTHER CONCRETE PROCEDURAL SOLUTIONS 230 (D) COLLECTIVE AND REPRESENTATIVE CLAIMS 232 (E) COSTS 235 (F) OTHER PROCEDURAL QUESTIONS 237 IV. PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW ASPECTS 239 (A) APPLICABLE LAW 239 (I) EC COMPETITION LAW AS APPLICABLE LAW 239 (II) LAW APPLICABLE TO THE CIVIL CLAIM*INTRA-EU CONTEXT 243 (III) LAW APPLICABLE TO THE CIVIL CLAIM*EXTRA-EU CONTEXT 247 A. FIRST HYPOTHESIS: EU FORUM 247 B. SECOND HYPOTHESIS: NON-EU FORUM 249 (B) JURISDICTION AND ENFORCEMENT 250 (I) JURISDICTION 250 (II) ENFORCEMENT*FULL FAITH AND CREDIT 254 (III) ENFORCEMENT*PUBLIC POLICY VIOLATION AS ULTIMUM REFUGIUM 257 BIBLIOGRAPHY 261 INDEX 307
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Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten
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Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten
id DE-604.BV022615085
illustrated Not Illustrated
index_date 2024-07-02T18:17:53Z
indexdate 2024-07-09T21:01:43Z
institution BVB
isbn 9781841137445
9781841136967
language English
oai_aleph_id oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015821232
oclc_num 221316041
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physical LI, 314 S.
publishDate 2008
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publisher Hart
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spelling Komninos, Assimakis P. Verfasser (DE-588)13924025X aut
EC private antitrust enforcement Decentralised application of EC competition law by National Courts Assimakis P. Komninos
European Community private antitrust enforcement
Oxford [u.a.] Hart 2008
LI, 314 S.
txt rdacontent
n rdamedia
nc rdacarrier
This book presents the rise of private enforcement of competition law in Europe, especially in the context of the recent modernisation and decentralisation of EC competition law enforcement.
Arbitrage (Droit) - Pays de l'Union européenne
Concurrence - Droit - Pays de l'Union européenne
Rechtsprechung swd
Wettbewerbsrecht swd
Antitrust law European Union countries
Arbitration and award European Union countries
Competition European Union countries
Europäische Union swd
Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten
SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015821232&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle Komninos, Assimakis P.
EC private antitrust enforcement Decentralised application of EC competition law by National Courts
Arbitrage (Droit) - Pays de l'Union européenne
Concurrence - Droit - Pays de l'Union européenne
Rechtsprechung swd
Wettbewerbsrecht swd
Antitrust law European Union countries
Arbitration and award European Union countries
Competition European Union countries
title EC private antitrust enforcement Decentralised application of EC competition law by National Courts
title_alt European Community private antitrust enforcement
title_auth EC private antitrust enforcement Decentralised application of EC competition law by National Courts
title_exact_search EC private antitrust enforcement Decentralised application of EC competition law by National Courts
title_exact_search_txtP EC private antitrust enforcement Decentralised application of EC competition law by National Courts
title_full EC private antitrust enforcement Decentralised application of EC competition law by National Courts Assimakis P. Komninos
title_fullStr EC private antitrust enforcement Decentralised application of EC competition law by National Courts Assimakis P. Komninos
title_full_unstemmed EC private antitrust enforcement Decentralised application of EC competition law by National Courts Assimakis P. Komninos
title_short EC private antitrust enforcement
title_sort ec private antitrust enforcement decentralised application of ec competition law by national courts
title_sub Decentralised application of EC competition law by National Courts
topic Arbitrage (Droit) - Pays de l'Union européenne
Concurrence - Droit - Pays de l'Union européenne
Rechtsprechung swd
Wettbewerbsrecht swd
Antitrust law European Union countries
Arbitration and award European Union countries
Competition European Union countries
topic_facet Arbitrage (Droit) - Pays de l'Union européenne
Concurrence - Droit - Pays de l'Union européenne
Rechtsprechung
Wettbewerbsrecht
Antitrust law European Union countries
Arbitration and award European Union countries
Competition European Union countries
Europäische Union
Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten
url http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015821232&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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AT komninosassimakisp europeancommunityprivateantitrustenforcement